Technical Report

Economic Impacts of Public Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia Technical Report Technical Report Prepared for Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT) Prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. February 2020 www.camsys.com Economic Impacts of Public Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia Technical Report Prepared for Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Rail and Public Transportation Prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1200 Bethesda, MD 20814 February 2020 Economic Impacts of Public Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Overview of Transit Services in Virginia................................................................................ 1-2 1.2 Report Objectives .................................................................................................................. 1-4 2.0 Literature Review and Initial Stakeholder Interviews ................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Prior Studies on the Economic Benefits of Transit in Virginia ............................................... 2-1 The Value of Metrorail and the Virginia Railway Express (VRE) to the Commonwealth of Virginia. ................................................................................................................ 2-1 Economic and Societal Impact of Hampton Roads Transit................................................... 2-4 Contribution of Transit Services to the Northern Virginia Economy ...................................... 2-7 2.2 Economic Benefits Associated with Transit Services ......................................................... 2-10 2.3 Initial Stakeholder Outreach ................................................................................................ 2-13 2.4 Takeaways .......................................................................................................................... 2-15 3.0 Analysis Methodology ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Analytical Framework ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Geographic Resolution of the Analysis ................................................................................. 3-3 3.3 Transit Mode Characteristics ................................................................................................ 3-9 3.4 Benefit Types and Metrics ................................................................................................... 3-10 3.5 Time Frame of Analysis....................................................................................................... 3-11 3.6 Data Sources ....................................................................................................................... 3-11 Enterprise Data ................................................................................................................... 3-13 Transit Data ......................................................................................................................... 3-19 Auto Data ............................................................................................................................ 3-27 4.0 Enterprise Spending ...................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Payroll Expenditures ............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Capital and Non-Payroll Operating Expenditures ................................................................. 4-2 4.3 Economic Benefits ................................................................................................................. 4-3 5.0 Congestion Relief Benefits ........................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Travel Time Savings.............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Avoided Cost of Delays ......................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Economic Benefits ................................................................................................................. 5-5 6.0 Net Traffic Crash Reduction - Cost Savings ............................................................................... 6-1 7.0 Increased/Affordable Mobility ...................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Net Transportation Cost Savings .......................................................................................... 7-1 Cambridge Systematics, Inc. iii Economic Impacts of Public Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia 7.2 Forgone Employment Benefit ................................................................................................ 7-4 7.3 Economic Benefits ................................................................................................................. 7-6 8.0 Environmental Sustainability ....................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Social Benefit of Reduced Emissions ................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Social Benefit of Reduced Fuel Consumption ...................................................................... 8-4 8.3 Total Environmental Sustainability Benefits .......................................................................... 8-7 9.0 State of Good Repair of the Roadway Infrastructure Benefits ................................................. 9-1 10.0 Additional Transit Benefits ......................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Benefits to Public Health and Overall Access to Social Services ....................................... 10-1 10.2 Benefits to the Built Environment ........................................................................................ 10-2 10.3 Benefits to the Tourism Industry ......................................................................................... 10-6 10.4 Benefits to Property Values ................................................................................................. 10-9 10.5 Benefits to Fiscal Gains..................................................................................................... 10-11 11.0 Total Economic Impacts of Transit in Virginia ......................................................................... 11-1 11.1 Summary of Monetized Direct Economic Benefits .............................................................. 11-1 11.2 Summary of Total Expected Economic Impacts ................................................................. 11-2 Total Economic Impact ........................................................................................................ 11-2 Regional Results ................................................................................................................. 11-3 11.3 Economic Justification Metrics ............................................................................................ 11-8 11.4 The Value of Transit to Virginia ........................................................................................... 11-9 Appendix A. Virginia IMPLAN Model ......................................................................................... A-1 Cambridge Systematics, Inc. iv Economic Impacts of Public Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia List of Tables Table 1-1 Transit Service Areas in Virginia ...................................................................................... 1-2 Table 1-2 Transit Ridership FY2018 ................................................................................................ 1-4 Table 2-1 Commuters Riding Transit: Existing and Existing without Rail Modes ............................ 2-4 Table 2-2 Cumulative Expected Direct Economic Impacts Generated by Transit in Hampton Roads, Virginia 2015-2040 .............................................................................................. 2-6 Table 2-3 Economic Impact on Labor Market and Consumer Spending enabled by Hampton Roads Transit ................................................................................................................... 2-7 Table 2-4 NVTC Systems Ridership, FY2014 .................................................................................. 2-8 Table 2-5 Share of Census Block Groups by Percentage of Residents Commuting to Work by Transit, NVTC Jurisdictions ......................................................................................... 2-8 Table 2-6 The Impact of Metrorail on the Loudoun County Economy: 2020, 2030, 2040 ............. 2-10 Table 2-7 Review Sources on Economic Benefits Associated with Transit Services .................... 2-10 Table 2-8 Economic Benefits Associated with Transit Services .................................................... 2-12 Table 3-1 Rural Counties in Virginia ................................................................................................ 3-4 Table 3-2

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