Introduction ROBERT AUNGER a Number of Prominent Academics
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In Defense of Massive Modularity
3 In Defense of Massive Modularity Dan Sperber In October 1990, a psychologist, Susan Gelman, and three anthropolo- gists whose interest in cognition had been guided and encouraged by Jacques Mehler, Scott Atran, Larry Hirschfeld, and myself, organized a conference on “Cultural Knowledge and Domain Specificity” (see Hirsch- feld and Gelman, 1994). Jacques advised us in the preparation of the conference, and while we failed to convince him to write a paper, he did play a major role in the discussions. A main issue at stake was the degree to which cognitive development, everyday cognition, and cultural knowledge are based on dedicated do- main-specific mechanisms, as opposed to a domain-general intelligence and learning capacity. Thanks in particular to the work of developmental psychologists such as Susan Carey, Rochel Gelman, Susan Gelman, Frank Keil, Alan Leslie, Jacques Mehler, Elizabeth Spelke (who were all there), the issue of domain-specificity—which, of course, Noam Chomsky had been the first to raise—was becoming a central one in cognitive psychol- ogy. Evolutionary psychology, represented at the conference by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, was putting forward new arguments for seeing human cognition as involving mostly domain- or task-specific evolved adaptations. We were a few anthropologists, far from the main- stream of our discipline, who also saw domain-specific cognitive pro- cesses as both constraining and contributing to cultural development. Taking for granted that domain-specific dispositions are an important feature of human cognition, three questions arise: 1. To what extent are these domain-specific dispositions based on truly autonomous mental mechanisms or “modules,” as opposed to being 48 D. -
Order Representations + a Rich Memetic Substrate
Language Needs A 2nd Order Representations + A Rich Memetic Substrate Joanna J. Bryson ([email protected]) Artificial models of natural Intelligence (AmonI) Group, University of Bath, England, UK Recent research has shown that human semantics can be 2nd-ord. soc. rep. no 2nd-ord reps replicated by surprisingly simple statistical algorithms for vocal imit. people birds memorizing the context in which words occur (McDonald no voc. imit. other primates most animals and Lowe, 1998; Landauer and Dumais, 1997). Assum- ing one accepts the point that semantics is the way that the word is used (which cannot be argued in one page, but see Figure 1: Human-like cultural evolution might require both Wittgenstein (1958) or Quine (1960), and which is the un- a rich memetic substrate as provided by vocal imitation, and derlying assumption of memetics) then why wouldn’t more the capacity for second order social representations. species have supported the evolution of this useful system of rapidly evolving cultural intelligence? Recent work in primatology tells us three relevant facts. might have evolved a sign language as rich as our vocal one. First, we know that apes and even monkeys do have cul- However, if I am correct, and the trick is that the richness of ture (de Waal and Johanowicz, 1993; Whiten et al., 1999). the substrate representing the strictly semantic, ungrounded That is, behavior is reliably and consistently transmitted be- cultural transmission is the key, then we now have an ex- tween individuals by non-genetic means. So we know that planation for why other primates don’t share our level of the question is not “why doesn’t animal culture exist”, but culture. -
OCTOBER 4, 2018 the INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER of the UNIVERSITY of IOWA COMMUNITY SINCE 1868 DAILYIOWAN.COM 50¢ INSIDE 80 Hours
The Daily Iowan THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2018 THE INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA COMMUNITY SINCE 1868 DAILYIOWAN.COM 50¢ INSIDE 80 Hours The weekend in arts & entertainment Thursday, October 4, 2018 IC police make arrest in weekend shooting The Art of the SCREAM An Iowa City woman has been charged in connection with the Sept. 29 shooting at Court and Gilbert Streets. BY CHARLES PECKMAN reckless use of a firearm. Once officers arrived, a male victim was wound. The second male victim’s in- [email protected] According to a press release from discovered suffering from an apparent juries were also non-life-threatening, the city of Iowa City, the investigation gunshot wound. The injuries sustained and he was also transported to UIHC. Iowa City police have made an arrest is ongoing by the Iowa City Police De- by the victim were non-life-threatening, As The Daily Iowan has previously on Wednesday in connection to a shoot- partment’s Investigations Division. and he was transported to the University reported, Sgt. Jerry Blomgren said in- ing that happened on Sept. 29 near East The press release encourages anyone of Iowa Hospital. dividuals at the scene, including those Court and South Gilbert Streets. with information to contact the police. Shortly after the first victim was who were shot, did not cooperate with Arielle Grier, 24, of Iowa City has On Sept. 29, Iowa City police received a discovered, a second person was locat- authorities. Blomgren said Sept. 29 that been charged with two counts of at- report of shots fired near the intersection ed one block away from the shooting’s authorities planned to use surveillance tempted murder and one count of of East Court and South Gilbert Streets. -
The Invention of Primitive Society Transformation of an Illusion
The invention of primitive society Transformation of an Illusion Adam Kuper Routledge New York, 1988 Este material se utiliza con fines exclusivamente didácticos CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................ Vii 1 The idea of primitive society................................................................................................................... PART I The constitution of primitive society ....................................................................................... 15 2 Patriarchal theory .............................................................................................................................. 17 3 Lewis Henry Morgan and ancient society .......................................................................................... 42 4 The question of totemism.................................................................................................................... 76 5 Australian totemism............................................................................................................................ 92 6 Totem and taboo............................................................................................................................... 105 PART II Academic anthropologists and primitive society.................................................................. 123 7 The Boasians and the critique of evolutionism................................................................................ -
Apresentação Do Powerpoint
BEROSE is an online encyclopaedia of worldwide scope, claiming a renewed practice and writing of the history of anthropology, in the wake of the World Anthropologies paradigm. With an international scientific committee, sixteen research teams and a constantly expanding network of contributors from all continents, BEROSE is an open access digital humanities project that promotes high-quality open science. Editorial Board / Research themes Scientific Committee History of French Anthropology and Ethnology of France (1900-1980) Ira BASHKOW History of German and Austrian Anthropology and Ethnologies Paul BASU Histories of Anthropology in Brazil Claude BLANCKAERT History of Dutch-speaking Anthropology Alice CONKLIN Anthropology of the South American Lowlands Regna DARNELL History of Colombian Anthropology Vincent DEBAENE Nélia DIAS Anthropologies and Nation Building from Cuba and Haiti (1930-1990) Christian JACOB th st History of Portuguese Anthropology and Ethnographic Archives (19 -21 century) Adam KUPER History of Italian Anthropology João LEAL History of Japanese Anthropology Benoît DE L´ESTOILE History of Anthropology in Australasia (1900-2000) Herbert S. LEWIS Anthropological Horizons, Histories of Ethnology and Folklore in Turkey Andrew LYONS Networks, Journals and Learned Societies in France and Europe (1870-1920) Jean-Christophe MONFERRAN Fernanda PEIXOTO The Invention of Folk Art (1840-1857) Emmanuelle SIBEUD History of Ethnomusicology George STEINMETZ History of the Relationship between Law and Anthropology Han VERMEULEN Claudie VOISENAT BEROSE regularly publishes new encyclopaedic articles in several languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian) throughout the year. Its website can be browsed in English and French. Pluralizing the history of anthropology As its title suggests, BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology reflects the diversity of the scholarly traditions concerned. -
The Role of the Online News Media in Reporting ISIS Terrorist Attacks In
The Role of the Online News Media in Reporting ISIS Terrorist Attacks in Europe (2014-present): the Case of BBC Online Agne Vaitekenaite A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Arts in International Journalism COMM5600 Dissertation and Research Methods School of Media and Communication University of Leeds 29 August 2018 Word count: 14,955 ABSTRACT The numbers of ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) terrorist attacks have risen in Europe since 2014. Consequently, these incidents have particularly attracted the media attention and received a great amount of news coverage. The study has examined the role of that the online news media in reporting ISIS terrorist attacks during the period between 2014-present, based on the fact, that the online news has overtaken the print media and the television as the most popular source of the news within the last few years (Newman et al., 2018). Hence, this allows it to reach and affect the highest numbers of audience. The research has focused on the case study of the British Broadcasting Corporation news website BBC Online coverage on the Manchester Arena bombing, which was caused by ISIS. The study has investigated the news coverage throughout 29 weeks since the date of the terrorist attack, what includes the period between the 22nd May 2017 and the 11th December 2017. This time slot has provided the qualitative study with 155 articles, what were analysed while conducting the thematic analysis. The findings indicated that some themes are dominant in the content of the online news media coverage on ISIS terrorist attacks. -
Review of Jerry Fodor, the Mind Doesn't Work That Way
The Mind Doesn't Work That Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology (review) Ray Jackendoff Language, Volume 78, Number 1, March 2002, pp. 164-170 (Review) Published by Linguistic Society of America DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0024 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/19286 [ Access provided at 10 May 2020 20:12 GMT from Linguistic Society of America ] 164 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 78, NUMBER 1 (2002) malist studies as the brief summary of the chapters has hopefully shown. All articles complement the work of the festschrift’s honoree, are well-written, and contain interesting data as well as intriguing analyses, pushing the minimalist spirit further ahead. REFERENCES BOSˇKOVIC´,Zˇ ELJKO. 1994. D-structure, theta-criterion, and movement into theta-positions. Linguistic Analysis 24.247–86. MM. 1997. Superiority effects with multiple wh-fronting in Serbo-Croatian. Lingua 102.1–20. CHOMSKY,NOAM. 1995. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. MM. 2001. Derivation by phase. Ken Hale: A life in language, ed. by Michael Kenstowicz, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. GRIMSHAW,JANE, and ARMIN MESTER. 1988. Light verbs and -marking. Linguistic Inquiry 19.205–32. HORNSTEIN,NORBERT. 1995. Logical form: From GB to minimalism. Oxford: Blackwell. KAYNE,RICHARD S. 1994. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ZAS Ja¨gerstr. 10–11 10117 Berlin Germany [[email protected]] The mind doesn’t work that way: Thescopeand limits of computational psychology. By JERRY FODOR. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. Pp. 126. Reviewed by RAY JACKENDOFF, Brandeis University* As has been his wont in recent years, Jerry Fodor offers here a statement of deepest pessimism about the possibility of doing cognitive science except in a very limited class of subdomains. -
Evolution, Politics and Law
Valparaiso University Law Review Volume 38 Number 4 Summer 2004 pp.1129-1248 Summer 2004 Evolution, Politics and Law Bailey Kuklin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Bailey Kuklin, Evolution, Politics and Law, 38 Val. U. L. Rev. 1129 (2004). Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol38/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Valparaiso University Law Review by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Kuklin: Evolution, Politics and Law VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW VOLUME 38 SUMMER 2004 NUMBER 4 Article EVOLUTION, POLITICS AND LAW Bailey Kuklin* I. Introduction ............................................... 1129 II. Evolutionary Theory ................................. 1134 III. The Normative Implications of Biological Dispositions ......................... 1140 A . Fact and Value .................................... 1141 B. Biological Determinism ..................... 1163 C. Future Fitness ..................................... 1183 D. Cultural N orm s .................................. 1188 IV. The Politics of Sociobiology ..................... 1196 A. Political Orientations ......................... 1205 B. Political Tactics ................................... 1232 V . C onclusion ................................................. 1248 I. INTRODUCTION -
It Came from Outer Space: the Virus, Cultural Anxiety, and Speculative
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 It came from outer space: the virus, cultural anxiety, and speculative fiction Anne-Marie Thomas Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Anne-Marie, "It came from outer space: the virus, cultural anxiety, and speculative fiction" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4085. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4085 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. IT CAME FROM OUTER SPACE: THE VIRUS, CULTURAL ANXIETY, AND SPECULATIVE FICTION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English by Anne-Marie Thomas B.A., Texas A&M-Commerce, 1994 M.A., University of Arkansas, 1997 August 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . iii Chapter One The Replication of the Virus: From Biomedical Sciences to Popular Culture . 1 Two “You Dropped A Bomb on Me, Baby”: The Virus in Action . 29 Three Extreme Possibilities . 83 Four To Devour and Transform: Viral Metaphors in Science Fiction by Women . 113 Five The Body Electr(on)ic Catches Cold: Viruses and Computers . 148 Six Coda: Viral Futures . -
1. a Dangerous Idea
About This Guide This guide is intended to assist in the use of the DVD Daniel Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea. The following pages provide an organizational schema for the DVD along with general notes for each section, key quotes from the DVD,and suggested discussion questions relevant to the section. The program is divided into seven parts, each clearly distinguished by a section title during the program. Contents Seven-Part DVD A Dangerous Idea. 3 Darwin’s Inversion . 4 Cranes: Getting Here from There . 8 Fruits of the Tree of Life . 11 Humans without Skyhooks . 13 Gradualism . 17 Memetic Revolution . 20 Articles by Daniel Dennett Could There Be a Darwinian Account of Human Creativity?. 25 From Typo to Thinko: When Evolution Graduated to Semantic Norms. 33 In Darwin’s Wake, Where Am I?. 41 2 Darwin's Dangerous Idea 1. A Dangerous Idea Dennett considers Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection the best single idea that anyone ever had.But it has also turned out to be a dangerous one. Science has accepted the theory as the most accurate explanation of the intricate design of living beings,but when it was first proposed,and again in recent times,the theory has met with a backlash from many people.What makes evolution so threatening,when theories in physics and chemistry seem so harmless? One problem with the introduction of Darwin’s great idea is that almost no one was prepared for such a revolutionary view of creation. Dennett gives an analogy between this inversion and Sweden’s change in driving direction: I’m going to imagine, would it be dangerous if tomorrow the people in Great Britain started driving on the right? It would be a really dangerous place to be because they’ve been driving on the left all these years…. -
Nietzsche, the Anthropologists, and the Genealogy of Trauma
genealogy Article Nietzsche, the Anthropologists, and the Genealogy of Trauma Iain P. Morrisson The Honors College, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; [email protected] Abstract: In this paper, I bring the Second and Third Essays of On the Genealogy of Morality into conversation with the anthropological work that Nietzsche uses to inform his understanding of human prehistory. More specifically, I show the ways in which Nietzsche’s genealogical use of prehistory both calls upon and departs from the work of figures like Edward Tylor, John Lubbock, and Albert Hermann Post. This departure is most significant in Nietzsche’s rejection of the progressive or developmental account of social and moral history for an account that emphasizes the way in which morality develops out of the psychological effects of recurring human traumas. Keywords: Nietzsche; genealogy; anthropology; prehistory; trauma Though Nietzsche’s genealogical approach to the nature and value of morality has often been heralded as a ground-breaking development in philosophy, it is worth remem- bering that the 19th century was one in which the study of history, broadly construed, 1 flourished in a number of fields of inquiry. It was in this century that paleontology, geology, comparative philology, evolutionary biology, and prehistoric archaeology all developed rapidly and established themselves as academic disciplines. Indeed, historical Citation: Morrisson, Iain P. 2021. development was a key idea in the Hegelian/Marxist philosophical schools as well as in Nietzsche, the Anthropologists, and the Genealogy of Trauma. Genealogy 5: the positivism of Auguste Comte. In this broader context, it is no surprise that modern 23. -
Radio Essentials 2012
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