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65%) of Reconstruction of the 1958 Cranim of Oreoui- Incisal Force by Two Weeks Following Surgery Abstracts of Papers To Be Presented at the Meeting Anthropometric assessment of the newborn in resulting from a disruption in amelo- evaluating the effects of prenatal medical genesis, are the result of systemic care. TROY D. ABELL University of Oklahoma physiological stress. These defects Health Sciences Center. have been successfully studied in prehistoric groups to determine Infants born to 103 women with little or patterns of infant-childhood stress. In no prenatal. care are compared to those deliv- this paper we compare the frequency and ered to 103 women with excellent care as to chronology of hypoplasias among contemp birthweight, gestational age, and various orary Jordanian children from two anthropometric measurements. Infants were villages and a nomadic group (n=308). assessed within 12 to 30 hours of birth using The group from "village A", nearest the Dubowitz neurological and physical exam- Amman and most dependent upon its ination, and anthropometrically measured for economy, has shifted from a nomadic to crown-heel length, crown-rump length, head, sedentary lifestyle within the last chest, and thigh circumference, and mid-arm, fifteen years. In contrast, the group thigh, and intrascapular skinfold thickness. from "village B" is less dependent on Given the ultimate goal of developing an an outside economy and has been settled infant typology more precise in distinguish- for a longer time. ing types of intrauterine growth retardation, Dental enamel defects were observed various combinations of infant birth weight, and recorded in the field (PICA). length of gestation, crown-heel and crown- Photographs of the anterior teeth were rump length, and gender are investigated as taken, providing a permanent record, outcomes. BWT, BWT/C-H2, and BWT/C-H3 are enabling us to confirm field scoring regressed on length of gestation and on known results. The frequency of enamel sociodemographic and biomedical determinants; hypoplasias on maxillary central these three indices are found not to be incisors is relatively low for children interchangeable in their associations with found in the nomadic group and village length of gestation, parity, pre-conceptual B (10-30%) in contrast to children from weight, socioeconomic status, income and village A (greater than 50%). Defects utilization of prenatal medical services. found among children from village A Gender comparisons of body mass indices peak between one and three years of and length of gestation suggest that for age. These data suggest that the rapid scientific, if not public health, purposes, changes experienced in village A has serious attention to modeling infant charac- caused increased infant-childhood teristics at birth is a necessary step toward stress. The peak frequency of defects understanding the role of prenatal medical between one and three years suggests care in pregnancy outcome. weanling-nutritional problems. This study was supported by an ASOR/EBR Research Grant and NIDK Grant # T-32-DE07047. Dental enaael defects among contemp- orary iioinadic and sedentary Jordanians. M. k. ALCOKN, Hampshi>e College, and A. H. GOODbWN, Universit of Connecticut Health Center, FarminqFon, The Role of Gums in the Diet of Baboons, S, ALTMANN, The University of Chicago. Chronologic enamel hypoplasias, The gum of fever trees (Acacia deficiencies in enamel thickness xanthophloea) is a major componentof the diet 139 in the yellow baboons (Papio c noce halus) of Central highland forms (subfossils which Amboseli National Park,--a.’ In study of probably Inhabited forests similar to but weanlings, fever tree gum ranked third in drier, more seasonal than the east) are gener- frequency among foods and among plant parts. ally the largest of al I comparable Malagasy By mass Of intake too it ranks third among prosimlans. Taxa from the humid east (all food types, exceeded only by reproductive living) are larger than sister forms from the parts, such as flowers, seeds and fruits, and dry west and north. The smallest taxa (I iving by leaves. Fever tree gum ranks similarly and ex-rinct) Inhabit the subarld south. The highly among food types when they are ranked apparent exceptions are flwawardsi by time budget (minutes per day spent feeding (largest of al I prosimlans) and Daubentonla on each food). j-obusta (as poorly known as its I lving con- Analysis of the compositions of fever gener) from the south/southwest. Problematic tree gum and of the other foods of baboons comparisons Involve taxa from the Sambirana indicate the primary benefit of gum feeding: region which may be smaller or larger than energy. It has by far the highest soluble sister taxa from other areas, taxa with small carbohydrate concentration of any baboon food: sample sizes, and taxa which inhabit more than 43-82. Mean energy value is 12.1 kJ g-]. one ecogeographlc region but for which sepa- Acacia seeds are the only other baboon food rate data on skull lengths are not available. with caloric values above 12 kJ g-’. The exudate Supported by NSF BNS-8307890 to GHA of the one other comnon acacia in the area, the umbrella tree (A. tortilis) has a verr different composition and is not eaten by the baboons. Surprisingly, fever tree gum does not taste sweet to humans. This suggests that there may be some interesting relationships Stresses of first freedom: 19th Century between the stereochemistry of acacia gums and Philadelphia. J.L. ANGEL, J.O. KELLEY, the stereo-speci ficity of baboon taste buds and digestive enzymes. In Amboseli, fever tree gum is also fed on extensively by vervet monkeys (Cerco ithecus) aethiops) and by kori bustards *i). Simmons (First African Baptist Church at 8th & Because the bark of fever trees is living, Vine Streets) from 1823 to 1843 used a cemetery photosynthetic tissue, it is frequently eaten re-discovered through subway expansion and care- by large herbivores. In the resulting wounds ful excavation by M. Parrington and 5. Pinter on the tree, the high viscosity of the gum in 1982-84: currently 56 people for study. probably serves as a defense mechanism against Historically 9% were slaves. Nutrition invasion of the tree by insects and microbes. was starchy and lowish in pro-Vitamin D and useable calcium, but adequate in calories. Recorded causes of death stress cholera and tuberculosis. Hard physical work was normal: laborers, draymen, a minister who rose from rag-man to clothier and for women onerous Ecogeographic size variation among the living housework plus pregnancy(2.5 births per female). and subfossi I prosimians of Madagascar. G.H. As overall health indicator adult longev- ALBRECHT and P. JENKINS, L!aiY.eLsirty Qf ity at 35.5 years for 16 females and 39 for 18 Southern CallforniL !&s Anaelez and British males equates with Catoctin, Hd., slaves, but : : (Natural History), !&~Q!L survival is better--3 3.5 10 infant: child: The living and subfossii ((2500 yrs) pro- adult death ratio compared with 5 : 6 : 10 simians of Madagascar represent a contempora- at Catoctin. neous radiation whose diversity is measured by For nutritional health, skull base height 36 species, 19 genera, and 8 famil les. Living of 17.7 mm, pelvic brim index of 84.4%. stature taxa are found only along the coastal margins of 161 and 172 cm (8 and dr ) , and teeth lesions while subfossils are known from the south, at 12.7 per mouth scarcely advance overcatoctin west, and recently deforested central hlgh- (at 17.2 nun, 85.6%, 156 and 172-cm, and 13.5 lands which no longer support a prlmate fauna. lesions). Disease includes limb-distorting Madagascar is equally diverse in climate rickets in one child dying at age 8; also some and flora. Briefly, the east coast is humid anemia, but less arthritis than at Catoctin. rain forest (no dry months), a small NW region Fractures are much rarer, affecting 20% of Is humid forest (Sambl ran0 3-4 dry months), males vs. 50% of Catoctin slaves. the west coast Is dry deciduous forest (5-8 As at Catoctin, work stress shows in ex- dry months), the south is subarid forest (7-11 treme deltoid and pectoral muscle crests, dry months), and the extreme north is similar strong hand tendon marks, marked supinator to the dry west coast. crest in 44%. Bone robusticity and platmeria The assoclation between size and eco- are the same but free Philadelphians show less geographic distribution was investigated by quadriceps and soleus stress (lower pilastric comparing skull lengths among conspecific and higher cnemic index); i.e. urban hard work and/or congeneric sister taxa which inhabit without mountain-country stress. the different ecogeographic zones as described Both groups have chiefly African traits. above. The mean values given by Tattersai I Genetic links show in details: 0s acromiale in (1982) were the primary data supplemented by 38%. This plus less violence (fewer fractures) other pubi ished observations as we1 I as our suggests community strength developing. own measurements of museum speci mens. 140 Methods in the development of anthropometrically that predicted for a nonhuman anthropoid based sizing systems. J.F. ANNIS, Anthropology with the same brain weight. These nuclei Research Project, Yellow Springs, Ohio. are implicated in emotions, memory systems Up to the present, anthropometric and learning. They give a "dynamic techniques in the development of sizing systems vigilance by which environmental experiences for clothing and personal protective equipment are endowed with emotional consciousness," have been used almost exclusively for military and may be of paramount importance in and aerospace purposes. Today's technology has motivation and sustaining direct attention. created new and more rigorous demands on the A larger limbic input to cerebral cognitive sizing and fit of similar items for personal and processes may help engender the drives industrial uses. This suggests an increased necessary for planning and executing long role for physical anthropologists whose know- term projects.
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