$1 50/Janua

THE AMERICAN

FOR GOD AND CO

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CRIME IN AMERICA Exclusive Interview FBI Director William H. Webster

Real Rehabilitation U.S. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger V

< ..rtcut - s Haband Company, the mail order people from Paterson, N.J., Deluxe „ Slacks sell over one hundred thousand pairs of pants per week. In the trade, O Gabardine for 2 M] for S41.75 it is generally that can't get a better buy than our good conceded you Dress Slacks basic Haband Slacks!

But if on occasion you need "Something Better," Haband is also HABAND SIZES AVAILABLE 265 N. 9th at your service with the best-buy-in-town upgraded slacks, extra tailoring Street, 30-32-34-35-36-37-38-39-40-41-42-43-44; Paterson, N.J. 07530 46*-48*-50*-52*-54* niceties, even a little more sophisticated executive colorations! Yes! Send me Inseam: S(27-28), M(29-30), L(31-32), XL(33-34) READ THESE QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS: • Talon* unbreakable pairs of Gabardine Slacks for which I enclose "Add $1.75 per pair for sizes 46-54. nylon zipper • Hookflex® top closure • BanRol® no-roll hidden $ plus $2.25 for postage and handling. HOW WHAT WHAT inner waistband • Gentleman's full cut • Button tab back pocket 06H COLOR MANY? WAIST' INSEAM? • Easy machine wash and dry • Finest Woven Gabardine! OR CHARGE IT: Visa CJMasterCard T BR0WM Think of it this way: You can save more dollars, net cash, with a Acct.# ten per cent discount on a yacht or Rolls Royce than you can on a B NAVY pair of rollerskates. Likewise, you can save more money with me on Exp. Date: / R TAN your better slacks, because I put that little extra money into better slacks, Haband (Guarantee: If not fancy showrooms or extra staff. You can touch and see and feel upon receipt I do not wish to wear the slacks. SLATE every improvement every time you wear them! So can your "public!" I may return them within 30 days for a full refund 3 Pairs for $41.75

please try yourself. I sure you will find that they are a of every penny I paid you. So them am Take all Four-Only $55.60 very worthwhile product. But like any other good investment, this offer 80L-06H won't wait for the timid. Please send your order promptly or you'll miss a golden opportunity! Write to: Duke Habernickel, President. Street Apt.*.

City 265 North 9th Street

Paterson, State HABAND N.J. 07530 Zip. THE AMERICAN

The Magazine for a Strong America

Vol. 118, No. 1 January 1985 ARTICLE

CLOSING IN ON CRIME 12 FBI Director William H. Webster explains why serious crime is in decline.

FACTORIES INSIDE PRISON WALLS 15 A society that jails criminals must provide rehabilitation. By ChiefJustice Warren E. Burger

FACE TO FACE WITH LOCAL CRIME 16

Battling violence and evil is a never-ending challenge for local prosecutors. By Tom Foley

CATCHING CRIMINALS IN THE COMPUTER AGE 17 "Live by the gun; die by the gun. "An old lesson faces computer thieves. By David Holmstrom

FOOTBALL'S TOUGHEST JOB 18

Blamedfor every gridiron sin, "Zebras" take it in stride and whistle while they work. By Al Stump

NATO: 35 Years of Deterrence 20 Diplomacy, unity and strength have kept Western Europe free and at peace. By Kenneth Rush

IMPROVING NATO'S CONVENTIONAL DEFENSES 21 Weak forces have two choices against attack: nuclear war or surrender. By Sen. Sam Nunn

THE YEAR 2000 ... AND BEYOND 22

Interplanetary travel is no longer science fiction, but predictable science fact. By Isaac Asimov

AMERICA'S HISTORIC BATTLEFIELDS 24 Silent monuments pay homage to the bravery of our war heroes. By Gary Turbak

POWs/MIAs: You Are Not Forgotten! 30 Ten years after Vietnam, the fate of2,483 missing Americans remains a tragic mystery.

STRUGGLING WITH STRESS 62

Just being alive causes stress. Coping with it could prolong your life. By Edward Edelson DEPARTMENTS BIG ISSUES 11 Should There Be Mandatory Sentencing of Criminals?

LETTERS 5 LEGION NEWS 29 OUTFIT REUNIONS 40

DATELINE WASHINGTON 7 LEGIONNAIRES IN ACTION 35 ORBEN'S WORLD 54

COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 9 PROFILES IN SERVICE 38 PARTING SHOTS 64

VETERANS UPDATE 26 POST OF THE MONTH 36 THE COVER Crime in America Carter A llenlPictorial

The American Legion Magazine, a leader among national general-interest publications, is published monthly by The American Legion for its 2.5 million members. These military-service veterans, work- ing through 16,000 community-level Posts, dedicate themselves to God and country and traditional American values; a strong national security; adequate and compassionate care for veterans, their widows and orphans; community service, and the wholesome development of our nation's youth. A SPECIAL OFFER FOR LEGIONNAIRES! msm^if discount off your Uo' 2/® MOTOR CLUB MEMBERSHIP! / /Mstate MORE PROTECTION-MORE SERVICES-MORE VALUE FOR Motor Club YOUR MONEY THAN ANY OTHER MOTOR CLUB YOU CAN JOIN! AND MORE...! Much more. Your Allstate Motor Club " membership includes discounts on car rentals and at TraveLodge, Viscount and Howard Johnson's motels—our guaran- tee against unannounced rate increases at hotels and motels recommended in your TRIP PLANS-theft and hit-and-run protection—campground information— a free Road Atlas each time you renew your membership—and for your reading enjoyment, a subscription to the out- standing Allstate Motor Club magazine— DISCOVERY "-published especially for

Motor Club members. Also, if you're a SearsCharge Accountholder you may charge your Allstate Motor Club Member- ship to your SearsCharge Account. Here's everything you get for less than a dime a day (even less with the discount). Your spouse receives full membership benefits at no extra cost. UP TO $50 FOR EMERGENCY ROAD spouse are driving is involved in an You know that some motor clubs charge extra for spouse coverage. SERVICE FOR YOUR AUTO & RV- accident over 100 miles from home, But with Allstate Motor Club, both you and your spouse receive the You'll be reimbursed up to $50 for the and cannot be driven as a result, full protection and services of the Club for the one low membershi p cost of Emergency Road Service re- Allstate Motor Club will reimburse fee . It doesn't matter whether you both share one car, each have quired, or towing if necessary, whether you up to $500 for necessary emer- your own, or each drive someone else's car. And still more... you're miles from home or even if gency living and travel expenses. you're right in your own driveway. UP TO $750 PAYMENT FOR LEGAL If you're a Legionnaire you qualify for 10% off CUSTOM TRIP PLANNING—Just tell DEFENSE— If you must defend your- us where you want to travel by car, your annual Motor Club fee. self in court against a traffic violation, and our expert touring counselors Since membership fees vary by a few dollars in particular states, to Allstate Motor Club will reimburse will send you a detailed guide within suit local conditions, check the discount figure for your state in the you for the cost of your trial defense hours. You'll receive clear-cut application below. We invite you to compare. We honestly believe 48 (including your choice of lawyer) maps and instructions exclusively for Allstate Motor Club offers you more outstanding protection and according to a prescribed schedule- your trip. services than any other motor club you could join. And that's why up to $750 in certain cases. we think you will want to act today. UP TO $20,000 OF COMBINED ACCIDENT INSURANCE $35 LOST KEY OR LOCKOUT PROTECTION— Both you and your BENEFIT— If your car key is lost, broken or accidentally locked in your spouse will be covered with acciden- i car, the Motor Club will pay up to tal death and dismemberment insur- WE GUARANTEE YOUR SATISFACTION $35 for the services of a professional ance that protects you for most kinds Here's our promise: You must be completely satisfied or locksmith. of travel accidents, anywhere in the your money back. Once you receive your Membership world. Benefits range from $2,000 to $500 ARREST BOND CERTIFICATE— Card and Enrollment Kit, you will have 30 days to think $3,000 for automobile and pedes- over your membership. If you decide not to continue, all If you're arrested for a traffic violation, trian accidents, and for each $10,000 you can use your membership card you have to do is return the materials within the 30 days of you as fare-paying passengers we'll refund. will for bail up to $500. (Note: Arrest bond and issue a complete You have no on a commercial carrier such as a explaining to do, . . . to lose! certificates not acceptable in Cali- so you have nothin g plane, train, bus or taxi. fornia and in certain other localities. $500 TRIP INTERRUPTION Also, in certain states, the limit

GUARANTEE— If any car you or your is $200.) Act now. Use the application below or enroll by phone, toll-free. (Just call 800-323-6282, in Illinois call, 800-942-6006.) ALLSTATE MOTOR CLUB MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION urp Enroll me in the Allstate R2021 Y CO Motor Club. I understand my Name_ CH CHARGE the annual Membership dues to my spouse can be enrolled with me at no SearsCharge Account No. increase in cost. Membership is effec- tive as soon as this application is Address. mailed, subject to payment of membership dues. (List 12 or 13 digit number above your on the Annual dues include a subscription to DISCOVERY" name credit card.) Magazine at $2 a year. City.

I that membership is continuous on a year-to- ANNUAL DUES-Check the applicable figure below: understand year basis until canceled by me or by the Club upon written SPECIAL I Accountholder in ANNUAL LEGIONNAIRE State. .ZIP. notice. As long as am a SearsCharge IN STATES OF DUES ARE DUES* good standing, future annual dues will be billed on my AL AK AZ AR CO DE SearsCharge Account during the expiration month each year. The Motor Club will send me an annual renewal notice. DC FL GA HI ID IN KY County. LA MD MS MT NV NM $27.00 $24.30 NC OR PA SC TN TX MY CHECK or MONEY ORDER is enclosed. UT VA WA WV WY Make checks payable to Allstate Motor Club and mail to Phone (. IL CA CT IL IA KS ME 34 Allstate Plaza, Northbrook, 60062 MA Ml MN MO NE Allstate Motor Club operated by: Allstate Motor Club, In Rl $32.00 $28.80 NH ND OH OK Age. . Married Yes No SD VTWI

NJ NY My signature Date $35.00 $31.50 Spouse's Name- Annual dues include a subscription to DISCOVERY" Magazine at $2 a year. 'Only one discount per membership is applicable. THE AMERICAN LEGION Legionnaires save an extra 10%. MAGAZINE Cruise all the way Editorial Offices

700 North Pennsylvania St. P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 317-635-8411 to Acapulco in aweek Clarence M. Bacon National Commander from only$1,199 James N. Sites Publisher/Editor in Chief Daniel S. Wheeler Assistant Publisher/Editor including airfare. Michael D. LaBonne Assistant Editor Ward A. Beckham Staff Writer Simon Smith Art Editor Second week only $299. William L. Poff Production Manager Our seven-day "Acapulco Fiesta" Acapulco for a very modest charge. Advertising Coordinator cruise aboard the Cunard Princess Whichever cruise you choose, Bernice Holbrook takes you to all the most exciting ports you'll go splendidly aboard the The American Legion Magazine the Mexican Riviera like San Cunard Princess with magnificent P.O. Box 7068 on Cabo — Indianapolis, IN 46207 Lucas, Puerto Vallarta, Mazatlan dining that includes panoramic sea 317-635-8411 (where you enjoy an exciting Rodeo views, outdoor sunning, swimming Advertising Representative Fiesta) and Acapulco, where you spend and other sports, a casino, disco, Robert Redden Assoc., Inc. P.O. Box 999. Teaneck, NJ 07666 a fabulous day and night. Cruise prices piano bar, sauna and oceans of fun 201-837-5511 start from $1,199 (they may be slightly and relaxation. lower in some Western cities) and For reservations call Mr. Les The American Legion include airfare to and from your cruise Kertes at 800-645-2120, or send in the Magazine Commission plus roundtrip air-to-ship transfers. But coupon. Milford A. Forrester, Chairman, Greenville, SC; James V. Kissner, Vice Chairman, you and your family can deduct an Palatine, IL; James R. Kelley, National Com- additional 10% member's discount mander's Representative, Wayne, PA; Nor- 10 convenient Saturday man Biebel, Belleville, IL; Adolph F. Bremer, from this already low price. Winona, MN; Victor Broom, Fulton, MS; sailings: Wayne J. Painter, Milwaukee, Wl; Eugene J. Sail roundtrip—only $299 more. Kelley, Savannah, GA; Frank J. Holcshuh, L.A. -Acapulco Acapulco-L.A. Youngstown, OH; Hal G. Horton, Topeka, KS; If you wish you can sail from L.A. to Feb. 2 Feb. 9 Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, IA; Arthur M. Acapulco and back, and the second McDowell, Indianapolis, IN; Nathaniel J. Feb. 16 Feb. 23 McKee, Princeton, NJ; J. Fred Mitchell, costs only per person. Brew- week $299 Mar. 2 Mar. 9 ton, AL; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, LA; Bruce You'll visit six excitingly different ports E. Penny, Seattle, WA; Dr. James D. Shafer, Mar. 16 Apr. 6 East Stroudsburg, PA; George G. Sinopoli, and enjoy a glamorous two nights and Mar. 30 Apr. 20 Fresno, CA; Ralph L. Smith, Bartlesville, OK; Dewey C. Spencer, Mabelvale, AR; Benjamin three days in Acapulco. B. Truskoski, Bristol, CT; George J. Zanos Sr., Or participate in our Sail' N Stay® Wellsburg, WV; Margaret M. Malone, Consul- tant, Trenton, NJ; Casimir F. Sojka, Consul- program which lets you extend your All rates are per person, double occupancy and tant, New Rochelle, NY. cruise in Los Angeles, Mexico City or subject to availability. Taxes not included.

Copyright 1984 by The American Legion

Price: annual subscription, $12.00; single Mr. Les Kertes, copy, $1.50 To subscribe, send $12.00 CUNARD ($18.00 in foreign countries) to Circulation CUNARD PRINCESS Hartford Holidays, P.O. Box 462, Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. 277 Northern Boulevard, Registered in the Bahamas Great Neck, NY 11022.

Change of Address: Notify your local Post Send me details on the special 7-day Adjutant and The American Legion's Circula- Mexican Riviera cruise tion Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN opportunities for 46206. Attach old address label, provide old Legionnaires and their families. and new addresses and current membership card number. Allow 8 weeks for change of address to take effect. Name

To request microfilm copies, please write to: Address University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 City State Zip

Area Code, Daytime Phone ' ) 1984 Cunard Member Audit Bureau of Circulations E40001 Good News For VETS* Beautiful Homes from $35,990-$55,990

80% On Waterfront Locations No Down-Payment* No Closing Costs Lowest Monthly Mortgage Payments

There's a new Veterans Village.

For the first time since 1976, there's a new Veterans

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We call this lakefront community Lakeshore Village because 80% of the homes are on our three lakes. Located in Homestead on Florida's fabulous Suncoast, there's the best climate, beaches, recreation, shopping and entertainment for you all year long.

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Key West Find out for yourself. . . send for your free brochure today. &ETEK\N§

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~1 r Please send me a complete brochure & kit on Lakeshore Village. NAME please print ADDRESS CITY .STATE- ZIP.

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1000 RETURN $4j9Q ADDRESS LABELS "

1000 gummed economy name and address la- bels printed in black with ANY name, address, zip code. Up to 4 lines. ity. In the oilfields, water-injected Order S717 Set of 1000 Economy Labels (boxed) . . $1.29 Wrong Department secondary recovery uses clean pro- Thanks for the article about buying duced water and poses no threat to 250 surplus government equipment, drinking water. And, we have volun- Crystal-Clear ." return $Qqn "Surplus On Sale, But . . tarily initiated a Tank Integrity Pro- ADDRESS X OW (November 1984). I've always won- gram, replacing petroleum storage LABELS dered about those "$49 jeeps." As an tanks before they leak. The color of your sta- employee of the Forest Service, how- An expanding domestic petroleum tionery shows through ever, I must point out one an error: industry contributes to jobs for Amer- «! these transparent la- bels. Sharp black printing on self-stick see-through labels. The Forest Service is an agency of the icans and helps reduce foreign oil de- Order P2031 Set of 250 Crystal-Clear Labels (boxed) $2.98 Department of Agriculture, not of In- pendency. Too much dependency is terior, as stated in the article. detrimental to our economy and poses 250 Herbert O. Evans Jr. a real threat to our national security. Self-Stick ." WHITE Cl Sandy, Oregon The "Water . . article did not ac- y 198 knowledge that the petroleum indus- GLOSS LABELS 1 try is working hard to protect groundwater quality and to provide Glossy white self-stick Water Pollution labels cling to any energy for America. smooth surface - no "The second greatest threat (to Richard L. (Dick) McGrath moistening. Sharp black printing up to 4 lines. drinking water) is posed by petroleum Order P6030 Set of 250 White Gloss Labels (boxed) $2.98 Counsel, Special Publics exploration and development," is an 3341 Drake Bldg., Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Walter Drake Colorado Springs, CO 80940 overstatement made in your Septem- NAME ber 1984 "Water, Water . . . ADDRESS Nowhere?" article, and unfortunately Spending CITY & STATE .ZIP. misleads readers. It fails to mention S717 1000 [email protected] $ offsetting safety programs by the pe- Concerning your request for reader P2031 Crystal-Clear Labels@$2.98 $ troleum industry to protect groundwa- comments about the special report in P6030 White Gloss [email protected] $ ter quality and minimize the "threat." the October 1984 issue ("Is the U.S. Add 30C per set for shipping & handling $ Tot_al_$___ For example, within my company Going Broke?): The government 1 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED each major facility handling oil prod- should be able to get itself out of the ucts conducts hydrogeology investiga- mess it is in financially by starting to tions and monitors groundwater qual- Continued on page 4.2 Take stock Happy New Look, Happy New Year! in America. \sb^

ff\ Early last year a who work in the editorial, production, 1 H reshaped American graphics, advertising and circulation sec- Legion Magazine tions of the Magazine. Ride up appeared on the na- So we're out to do even better by you I and down tional scene. This during this new year. Our evolving 1985 65-year-old mainstay Editorial Plan begins with a bang (liter- stairs of American publi- ally!) in this January issue as FBI Direc- safely. cations offered an at- tor William Webster and United States CRIME Hi S flMERSEfi . tractive new look to Chief Justice Warren E. Burger help us our readers. More chart the deadly twists and turns of crime Cheney has the lift you need. The I important, it offered in America. We'll go on from there to tell a new editorial focus, emphasizing the you in February about the potential deluxe Wecolator for straight, curved spiral staircases or major public policy problems the Legion time-bomb on our very doorstep (Mexico), and the economi- cal Liberty™ Lifts for straight stair- itself is contending with daily. how to cope with our chaotic tax system ways. You'll ride safely from floor to The March issue, for instance, head- (March), the deepening economic rut floor in the home you love. lined the developing "Star Wars" contro- entrapping our farmers (April), major • Wide comfortable seats and versy and featured a Q-and-A interview weapons systems and the gnawing problem footrests with Defense Secretary Caspar Wein- of Pentagon (May) the fabulous waste and • Folds out of the way for normal berger. Subsequent issues covered travel riches of a wide America (June). stair use range of crucial subjects, bringing you Also in the cards are new monthly fea- • Individualized options, decorator face-to-face with such national leaders as tures entitled "Your Health" and "Trave- colors Secretary of State George Shultz, CIA Di- logue" and expanded coverage of "Defense • Unmatched limited warranties rector William Casey, UN Ambassador Issues" and veterans and Legion affairs. Contact your local Cheney represen- Jeane Kirkpatrick, the Armed Services We welcome your input, too. The tative or call Darlene Lewis chiefs and all four living U.S. presidents. American Legion Magazine is out to 1-800-782-1222. The response among readers has been make 1985 a true banner year for our helping people help themselves

positive readers. let's . and deeply encouraging to the So hear from you. . . The CHENEYCompany American Legion Magazine Commis- Meanwhile, please accept our best Dept. LE, P.O. Box 188, New Berlin Wl 53151 sion, as well as to the 30 Legion staffers wishes for the year ahead. „, „ ,.; 414-782-1100 The Editors

JANUARY 1985 5 —

-MIDDLE EYEWITNESS HISTORY EAST OFWE*.

0406 $14.95 *8821 $12.95 WCmCW\R « 2741 $16 50 ™«™ ' 0448 $16.95 -0620 $15.95 1388 $18.95 0059 Spec $12.95 Prices shown are publishers' edition prices 1099 $19.95 WITH AHY4 BOOKS FOR 98* MEMBERSHIP Here's how the Club Plan works: You'll get 4 books for will be made automatically If you prefer an Alternate only 98t plus shipping and handling and your free or no book at all— indicate this on the order form and

Military Book Club" Vietnam map— when accepted as a member We return it by the date specified You'll have at least 10

Dept. RR-565, Garden City, N.Y. 11530 reserve the right to reject any application However, days to decide If you have less than 10 days, and you Yes. please accept my membership application and send me the 4 once accepted, if you are not completely satisfied with receive an unwanted Selection, you may return it at our books marked below plos my FREE Vietnam map Bill me only 98t plos your introductory books, return them within 10 days at expense and owe nothing shipping and handling I agree to the Club plan presented in this ad. and our expense Your membership will cancelled and be The choice is always yours: Your only obligation is to understand that I need |ust 4 regular low Club buy more books at prices will nothing. you owe take just 4 books at regular low Club prices during the any time I want during the next 2 years Huge selection: As a Club member, you'll have over next 2 years. You may resign any time after purchasing no-risk guarantee. Our When accepted as a member, you'll get your 4 350 titles to choose from— a tremendous variety of the your 4 books, or continue to enjoy Club membership for books lor only 98C plus shipping and handling If not satisfied, return them very best military books in print. Many feature rarely as long as you like. within 10 days at our expense to cancel your membership and owe noth seen photos, illustrations and maps Many books are ing. No matter what you decide, you keep your free map tSoft cover 'Explicit sex, violence and/or language. difficult to find anywhere else.

How you save money: The Club offers its own complete

hardbound editions (sometimes altered in size to fit Mr. PLUS special presses) Club editions save you up to 30% off Mrs publishers' hardcover edition prices. A shipping and FULL COLOR Ms (please print) handling charge is added to each shipment. 25" Address. .Apt No 19" x . Club magazine: Enjoy the luxury of at-home shopping with your free Club magazine. About every 4 weeks (14 VIETNAM MAP City_ .State. -Zip. times a year) you receive the Club magazine describing coming Selection(s) and Alternates In addition, up to 4 FREE Members accepted in USA and Canada only Canadian members times a year, you may receive offers of special Selec- with membership. serviced from Canada where otter Is slightly different 40-M996 tions, always at discounts off publishers' prices If you want the featured Selection(s), do nothing— shipment DATELINE WASHINGTON

Nerve gases, most deadly of the chemical agents, are as Our NATO Alliance Is Strong easy to produce as insecticides and just as easily released Over the past decades our bonds with our European al- by aerosol. Biological weapons, in small amounts, can lies have been subjected to a series of strains — some of which create catastrophic epidemics. Toxins can contaminate seen journalists of were by some American as omens a NATO urban water supplies, killing thousands. And most of all, (see 35 Years of Deterrence," 20). breakup "NATO: pg. genetically engineered diseases that strike without warning The first major test for NATO came when former French and are immune to treatment are now among the "art of President DeGaulle insisted on an independent French pol- the possible." icy for relations with the Soviet Union some 20 years ago, Some of these weapons already have been used in con- but NATO survived that crisis. flicts around the globe, according to news reports. Today, there are several weak links visible in the North The study warns that the U.S. has yet to develop and Atlantic Treaty Organization. Prime minister Papandreou implement an effective defense against even the most vital of Greece has been vocally anti-alliance, anti-American and targets of chemical-biological attacks, and called for im- pro-Soviet. With an eye on hostile Turkey, however, mediate U.S. government action. Greece has opted to stay in NATO. The Dutch government, under pressure for its "peace" lobby, postponed deployment of U.S. cruise missiles. But Drunken Driving Repeaters all other allies met their commitment to do so despite a Despite the increasing number of drunken driving ar- surge of opposition by the European pacifist movement. rests and convictions, an astounding 30 percent of all fatal Portugal and Italy, once considered as moving toward alcohol-related automobile accidents are caused by repeat communism have turned instead to embrace pro-NATO, offenders, according to a study by the National Transpor- anti-Soviet governments. tation Safety Board. More than 42,000 persons were killed Moscow, meanwhile, put a stop to attempts to rap- in car crashes last year alone, and well over 27,000 died as prochement by West and East Germany. Finland, once a result of drivers who were intoxicated at the wheel. politically servile to its giant neighbor, is turning westward The Transportation Board investigated 51 accidents in- in its trading posture. volving 56 drunk drivers and found that 45 of the 51 crashes resulted in 73 deaths. The prior records of these 56 drunk drivers amounted to at least 131 arrests and some 93 U.S. To Man Space Station convictions. America is a late starter, vis-a-vis the USSR, in striving The board's staff carried the study one step further and to develop and operate a manned space station. Still, Con- interviewed 40 convicted repeat offenders. Jim Burnett, gress after long hesitation and debate, has put up $150 mil- chairman of the Safety Board, noted that one third of the lion to initiate this visionary project. drivers involved in the 50 accidents studied had been "The move of man off the face of the planet is the most operating a vehicle illegally with suspended or revoked important step in the evolution of life on Earth," observed licenses. Burnett cited a case involving a driver who had space scientist Dr. Robert Jastrow, Dartmouth College. been charged with 22 alcohol-related offenses since 1958, Information given Congress by the American Space including nine convictions for driving while intoxicated. Foundation argued that manned exploitation of space is es- Four offenses involved accidents before the fatal crash sential for a number of reasons, including: killed one and disabled two others. • We must learn to live and work in space, just as our Board members have said the problem with repeat of- civilization opened the arid deserts and frigid arctic regions fenders lies in relaxed state laws, plea bargaining that re- of this planet (see "The Year 2000 and Beyond," pg. 22). moves drunken driving charges from the individual's record • A manned space vehicle will serve as a symbol of and the belief by many culprits that they will not be sub- American technical leadership and as an inspiration and op- jected to severe penalties. The board has proposed revising portunity for the youth of the nation. state laws so that treatment programs cannot be used in • We will be taking another step — a starting point — for place of license revocation or suspension. The board also voyages within the solar system. wants evaluations of persons arrested for drunken driving.

Weapons for Terrorists There is a growing fear that terrorists may obtain atomic Quote of the Month bombs. However, even without access to nuclear arms, the "Political courage is never in overabundance. As a re- terrorists — and the governments which surreptitiously sult, it is very difficult to do anything to reduce the size of support them— have available today an excess of mass- government." murder agents, said Sen. Jeremiah Denton, chairman of the Deputy Undersecretary Gary Bauer Senate subcommittee on security and terrorism. U.S. Department of Education

JANUARY 1985 7 The American Legion's Family Benefit Plan

Legionnaires: Here's the newest MAJOR BENEFIT From Your American Legion Membership

The National Executive Committee of The American Legion, meet- ing In Indianapolis last May, approved a plan that will mean big savings for you and all other members of the Legion. The plan /instate allows Legionnaires to get a 10-40% discount on services from the Club companies whose trademarks appear on this page. Some sample price discounts: 1-800-323-6282 1-800-942-6006 (III.) ALLSTATE MOTOR CLUB: 10% discount on club membership 1-800-531-5900 and associated benefits. Spouse receives full membership bene- fits at no extra cost.

AVIS: For continental U.S., 5% off Avis Daily Super Value rates; 18% off We Mean Business rates; and 40% off normal time and all participating licensees. mileage rates at corporate and National Car Rental BEST WESTERN: 10% discount on rooms at more than 3,000 1-800-227-7368 AVIS participating properties.

1-800-331-1212 GREYHOUND LINES: 15% off standard fares for interstate and intrastate travel. Not valid in Canada. Call local agent. LA QUINTA MOTOR INNS: 10-12% discount on every room, every day. RAMADA NATIONAL CAR RENTAL: At participating locations nationwide, 1-800-2-RAMADA special American Legion pre-discounted unlimited mileage rates, reduced 10-40%. Use special Legion ID number: 5176669.

RAMADA: R & R Weekend — 25% off minimum published room rate for one or two persons.

RODEWAY INNS: Minimum of 10% off the current rate on all rooms. Does not apply to already discounted rates; certain black- RODEWAY 1-800-528-1234 TON out periods may apply. M. 4IRP0KT THRIFTY RENT-A-CAR: Provides special unlimited mileage 1-800-228-2000 rates to American Legion members when renting in the continental U.S. Rates range from $31 for subcompacts to $38 for fullsize. Greyhound AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN: The Legion Plan can provide you with additional protection at a price you can afford. For information phone 1-312-269-4516

TO GET YOUR DISCOUNT, call the toll-free number, tell the com- f3 pany you're a member of The American Legion and give your current 1-800-367-2277 membership card number.

The above offers are valid only at participating locations. The above discounts are not valid with any other discount or special price.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE COMMANDER'S MESSAGE

Legion Fighting For Implementation Of Key Programs

Later this month the 99th Con- cut) and MX missile funding was set at gress will convene to consider $2.5 billion. No money can be spent for legislative issues crucial to the MX before April 1, and then only after nation. Many of those issues also are Congress passes two resolutions ap- in The American Legion's legislative proving the expenditure. Also of in- portfolio, adopted by the 66th annual terest to The American Legion is a National Convention in Salt Lake City. provision for $123.5 million in military While these resolutions cover the and economic aid for El Salvador. gamut of American Legion concerns, Each of these defense-related several rise to the surface because of items — as well as adequate VA fund- long-standing Legion efforts in previ- ing and immigration reform — is ad- ous Congresses to effect legislation dressed by mandates adopted at last favoring American Legion posi- year's national convention. It's plain to tions — and because they are affected see that The American Legion has its by the federal budget. legislative work cut out for it for the One of the most notable is the an- next couple of years because these and ticipated battle to protect the Veter- many other positions contained in our ans Administration from becoming a 142-resolution portfolio will come be- target for budget cutters. This has be- fore our new Congress. come a yearly engagement, with The How can each Legionnaire help? American Legion in the forefront, de- Natl. Cdr. Clarence M. Bacon Here are some ideas: fending adequate appropriations to • "Talk up" The American Legion keep the VA a top-notch health serv- We have taken the first step to at every opportunity. ices and benefits agency. enlist national support by producing a • Expand membership to broaden This year, and in the next few booklet describing the impact of VA on our grassroots base. years, the VA will come under increas- the states. It is my hope that this ef- • Keep informed about the issues. ing scrutiny as Congress tries to trim fort will show results immediately, for • Stay in touch with your elected the federal deficit. And, you will be there is little time left. government officials at the local, state hearing more and more about the By the same token, one congres- and national levels. "Grace Commission" report, with its sional item with budgetary impact The American Legion has a long his- recommendations to streamline gov- whose time ran out last year was im- tory of presenting comprehensive, ernment. More than likely, the open- migration reform. The Simpson- well-thought-out justification for its ing salvo of this battle of the budget will Mazzoli immigration reform pack- legislative mandates. And Congress be heard within the next few weeks. age — after two years of maneuvering generally has been responsive when Although it is not widely under- and debate — died in a House-Senate Legionnaires voiced their opinions stood, either at the federal or the state conference committee when the 98th about specific issues. level, the VA budget — particularly Congress adjourned last October. This year, with each program under amounts dedicated to health care Now, any further move toward scrutiny, The American Legion will delivery — represents a tangible asset. immigration reform will have to begin work closely with Congress to see that Decisions the 99th Congress may all over again. major items such as veterans pro- make to degrade the VA health care Of course, Department of Defense grams and defense spending receive budget will not, in reality, eliminate appropriations will, as always, be a positive attention. And we will con- the expenditure, but rather transfer matter of concern for The American tinue to work for innovative legislation responsibility for its funding to other Legion. The FY 85 defense spending such as immigration reform and agencies or to state governments. package fared relatively well in the voluntary prayer in public schools. It is my firm belief that, once the 98th Congress, although funding was We wish the president and the 99th many committees of Congress and the substantially reduced from levels re- Congress well in their quest to reduce state legislatures understand that fact, quested by the administration. the federal deficit — but not at the ex- The American Legion will find many The president's Strategic Defense pense of programs that are vital to the new allies in the battle to protect VA Initiative received only $1.4 billion of health and security of America and benefits for all veterans. the asked-for $1.8 billion (a 20 percent America's veterans.

JANUARY 1985 9 "The only way to live for less in Florida is at your brother-in-law's?

r

Instead of owing him a favor, do yourself a favor. Come to an InterCoastal Community Florida homes - where you'll have the best of retirement living. Including a fine, 2-bedroom manufac- tured home for under $26,000. from $25555. If you're a golfer, The Fairways in Orlando, with its championship course is for you. Mail this coupon for a free color catalog about Lakeland Harbor has waterfront views and is our 3 fine communities— The Fairways, Lake- a paradise for fishermen. The Lakes at Lees- land Harbor or The Lakes at Leesburg. AL 1/85 burg takes you back to the lazy days of old Name Florida. Address Each community has a spacious club- house, game rooms, swimming pool, shuffle- City, .State. -Zip_ board and many other facilities. And they're Telephone ( ) all in Central Florida — the world's leading recreational area featuring Walt Disney InterCoastal Communities, Inc. World and more. Where the living is easy. As Lonesome George Gobel says, "Inter- 2170 S.E. 17th Street, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33316^ j Coastal quality and value really impressed me. 'Cause you can't hardly get them kind of buys no more." TOLL FREE 1-800-525-0050 Should There Be Mandatory Sentencing Of Criminals?

Sen. Patrick J. Leahy, D-Vt. Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich.

I spent nine years of my I Fixed sentencing systems life prosecuting crimi- should not be enacted. They nals in Vermont's larg- YES entail serious costs with little est county. I can't think of a better way corresponding benefit. Such systems to get to know how criminals think. will neither deter more crime than the I can tell you that only two things current systems, nor prevent more deter lawbreakers: the fear of being crimes by incapacitating offenders. De- caught and the knowledge that after terrence depends more on the certainty conviction they will face a sure, determinate sentence. of apprehension and punishment than on the severity of the Most criminals are gamblers. They're betting they won't punishment. Although locking up those very likely to serve time. Too often, they're right. commit future crimes might, as an abstract matter, reduce When they are convicted, the judge often hands out what crime, we currently cannot accurately predict future crimi- seems like a tough sentence. But I don't call any sentence nal behavior. The best predictions are wrong two of every tough until it's served. And most criminals know they won't three times; fixed sentencing cannot incapacitate those serve the time the judge sets. likely to commit future crimes if we cannot identify them. Indeterminate sentencing in most states makes criminals Reforms of the criminal justice system, such as fixed eligible for parole in a fraction of the term announced. sentence proposals, will not reduce crime. The crime rate is Parole boards are composed of human beings trying to do determined primarily by demographic factors, such as the a good job. But they can never treat like cases alike. Some portion of the population in the crime-prone age and the criminals will be on the street within months, while others extent of urbanization. In fact, basing their work on demo- who committed the same crime will spend what seems like graphics, forecasters were able to predict with amazing ac- a lifetime in prison. curacy both the increase in the crime rate during the 1970's Sentences should be realistic — never shaved and never and the recently reported significant decrease. shaken. When a criminal is sentenced, he should know he'll Contrary to the claim that fixed sentencing will reduce serve the time. sentencing disparity, it is actually likely to merely change Sentences should be applied equally to all criminals who the source of the disparity. Discretion (the source of dispar- commit the same offense under the same circumstances. ity) is divided among the court, the prosecutor, the police Sentences should be written with clear guidelines to and the parole authorities; reducing the discretion of one judges, so that there can be no doubt as to how they are to will merely increase the power of the others. If the be applied. sentence is predetermined by the offense, then the prose- And we need to give prosecutors the power to appeal cutor controls the sentence by deciding the charge and the inadequate sentences. plea bargain. Since prosecutorial practices differ, disparity Maybe some of these sentences will look shorter than the will continue. Increasing the importance of plea bargaining ones now on the books, but there will be one big difference: entails serious risks. The best plea bargaining is done by People will believe the numbers. expensive, high-powered lawyers; shifting power to the Earlier this year, the Senate passed a comprehensive prosecution will thus have the greatest effect oh the poor crime package with an excellent sentencing provision. I am and minorities who rely on court-appointed counsel. proud to serve on the committee that drafted and approved Fixed sentencing involves another serious cost: States that bill. But it only applies to federal crimes. that have adopted such schemes have experienced in- Members of The American Legion are universally re- creases in prison population. Overcrowding means less spected as proud and strong supporters of our criminal jus- prison space for the violent offenders who really require it. tice system. I urge all of you to press your state legisla- Finally, a just sentencing system must be able to con- tures for sentencing laws that are fair, firm and easy to sider such individual factors as motivation and complicity. understand — both for the judges who will apply them and Fixed sentencing schemes can never be sufficiently flexible for the criminals who must come to fear them. or detailed to deal with such factors.

JANUARY 1985 11 For two years the crime rate has declined, but the war goes on. "Right now we have great momentum" says FBI Director William H. Webster. The important thing is to continue that effort" He tells how in this interview.

Legion Magazine: Mr. Webster, where do we Second, more severe sentences are being passed out, and stand regarding crime in the United States? Is the fewer paroles are being given to repeat offenders. In other situation getting better or worse? words, the people who account for more than a single crime are being put in prison and they're being kept there. William Webster: Serious crimes in the United We have the largest prison population in our history at the pres- States—murder, arson, robbery, rape—showed a 3 percent ent time over 400,000 people in prison. We're sorry to reduction in 1982 from the previous year, and there was a 7 — see that, but we're glad to see fewer incidents of early re- percent reduction in 1983. This is the first time since we lease of repeaters. began to collect comparative data that we have had two third factor, which undoubtedly has influence on years of recorded declines in succession. The first six months A some crime but is overblown by too many, is the demographic of 1984 also reflect about a 5 percent decline compared with factor the passage of the baby boom through the period of the first six months of 1983. — 19 to 24, when most crimes are committed. A final important factor has been the emergence of ef- What's the major reason for this improvement? fective citizens' groups determined to be part of the process of dealing with crime. America has often vigilante There are many factors that influence crime—even the seen I- groups, but what we really need are vigilant citizens. Ma weather. For in- And we're getting them. We're like stance, we have consis- now seeing groups the Crime Stoppers sharing information, providing impor- tently recorded the low- tant resources and avenues for information to flow into the est crime rates in the criminal justice system, giving us leads that we need to first quarter of the year, make our criminal cases. when it's winter time; the third quarter is tra- ditionally the high crime Qa What can citizens do to help prevent crime? period, when more _ We focus initially on making the community aware of people are out on the Ma what law enforcement is all about—helping citizens street. Yet, a number of get better acquainted with their local law-enforcement things can be cited as agencies, making sure that those agencies are seen by their contributing to lower citizens as being part of, and not outside, their com- crime rates. munities. These are not hired guns. They are fellow citizens

First is more effective serving you. law enforcement. There's Citizens then become more comfortable with and suppor- means more infor- never been a time in the S tive of law-enforcement agencies. That will pass from these citizens to our nation's law- 20 years I have been | mation associated with law Si enforcement agencies. information. enforcement in one form or another that I can recall We can't enforce laws in a vacuum. We need greater concerted efforts by law enforcement at all levels to We need cooperation. We need the willingness of citizens deal with problems of major crimes. who are witnesses to crimes to be prepared not only to give the information but, in many cases, to act as witnesses. Be- Director of the FBI since 1978, William H. Webster earlier fore they'll do that, they need the confidence that the police served as a U.S. District Attorney, U.S. Court of Appeals are going forward. That there will be prosecution. That it's judge and Washington University Law School instructor. worth their support.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE —

Qb Can people hope to see the downtrend in crime network and put these criminals in prison—not just those statistics continue? who are doing the higher-ups' bidding, but the higher-ups

_ Hope comes cheap . . . but in reality the momentum is themselves. I've been working at that ever since I came to Mb there. As long as this level of citizen cooperation con- the FBI. tinues, as long as we continue the heavy emphasis on train- ing at all levels of law enforcement, keeping ahead of the Qb What about drugs? Do you think you can ever state of the art on crime, identifying crime trends and mov- really hope to come to grips with growing drug traffic? ing out to meet them, instead of simply reacting after the - Yes, I do, but it is a many-faceted challenge, and we situation becomes intolerable, I think we have a very good Mb need to win in each of the facets to be successful. We chance to keep that chart line going down. need to improve our clout with source countries. We need to win their cooperation in reducing the amount of con- Q> How about the quality of the individual law-en- traband produced in their countries and shipped here. forcement agent? That's perhaps the most effective action we can take. - There's a rising level of professionalism among those The next challenge lies in interdiction. We're improving Mb coming into our ranks. In the FBI, all of our special our capacity to stop it enroute or to seize it at our borders. agents are college graduates, and we subject them to an The third phase, one in which the FBI is primarily occu- on-going program of in-service training. We're utilizing pied, is to break up the apparatus for distribution of narcotics modern technology—lasers, computers, modern scientific inside our country. Seizure is important, but we could seize 75 forensic technology. This type of capability attracts an in- percent of the drugs and still they would pour in as long as the creasingly able group of young men and women. capacity to distribute is in the country. Our mission also has tremendous job satisfaction. You're Step number four is equal to all the others. We must re- doing something for your community. You're doing some- duce demand. Law enforcement can approach the problem thing for your country. You're serving justice. And young of supply, but as long as people want drugs, people will men and women of ability and patriotism and idealism are manage to obtain them. I see some very healthy signs on logically attracted to what we're doing.

Qb You're always involved in a race with the criminal. As you get better, he gets more elusive. Who's ahead? — We're certainly running apace with the most advanced had 100 terrorist Mb criminal techniques. This is especially true as we get a bombings in 1977. By better handle on such crimes as the misuse of the computer and the illegal electronic transfer of funds. The real chal- October last year, lenge out there now is not so much the individual criminal, we had 8." but the criminal enterprise—whether it's a terrorist group, espionage agents operating in this country, the narcotics cartels or the traditional Mafia crime families. Our chal- lenge has been to disrupt the enterprise and its distribution the horizons here. For instance, marijuana has been shown to be harmful to health, and consumption among the young is going down.

FBI PROFILE Qb Does the growing acceptance of narcotics among The FBI's fiscal year 1985 budget of $1.1 billion— more wealthy citizens affect your ability to control the the first time the agency exceeded a billion dollars drug problem? supports about 20,000 employees, including 8,875 special H Yes, and that tolerance is at least partly the result of agents in 59 U.S. field offices and Puerto Rico, and 13 Mb ignorance of the magnitude and scope of the damage foreign liaison offices covering 85 nations. done to our country by the presence of drugs. Drugs gen-

Criminal activities under FBI purview include vio- erate violent crime in a society. They corrupt officials at all lations of more than 200 federal statutes, organized and levels. And, then, there's the worst consequence of drug white-collar crime, kidnappings, terrorism and foreign usage—the damage to our children. There is no use talking counter-intelligence. The FBI also works with the Drug about drugs in moderation. It just doesn't happen. Enforcement Administration and many other law enforcement agencies throughout the nation. Qb What about the Mafia? Can you ever really hope Referred to at one time as "G-Men," the FBI began to come to grips with such well-organized and deeply in 1908 when President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the entrenched crime groups? creation of an office of chief examiner for the Depart- - We are coming to grips with them. The Mafia has had ment of Justice, which evolved into the Federal Bureau Mb for many years a heavy commitment in the flow of

of Investigation on July 1, 1935. narcotics. They always pretended they weren't interested The FBI plans to hire 300 special agents in fiscal year in that sort of thing, but that's a myth. We've established 1985 and 1,300 support employees. those connections, beyond any possible doubt. In the bureau's 76 years of service, 26 special agents Perhaps it's our fault for not tooting our horn enough, have been killed in the line of duty. but we have been indicting and convicting top players in organized crime for years. I don't think there is a major

JANUARY 1985 13 crime family in the United States that has not experienced find fertile soil in the United States. But that doesn't mean it our aggressive investigation and prosecution. A Los can't happen here or won't happen here. That's why we Angeles "family" was wiped out in one case—as was an- worked so very hard for six years to prepare for the Los other family in Cleveland and another in Denver. We've Angeles Olympics—to be sure we had an Olympics free from identified organized crime leaders in Las Vegas and ob- terrorists from outside our country using us when the eyes of tained convictions there. Top players in Kansas City have the world were watching us. And nothing happened. been convicted. In Chicago we have both indictments and I'd like to call attention to the record. When I first came convictions coming in. Among New York families we are here almost seven years ago, we were averaging about 100 working hard to neutralize their effectiveness. We have a political and terrorist bombings a year. In 1982 the number number of top "godfather" figures under indictment. Or- was 51. In 1983, it was 31. By, October last year, 8. ganized crime knows now we mean business. How was that done? Q» How do you feel about legalized gambling. Is that Better intelligence and more aggressive efforts to a factor in encouraging crime? A. identify terrorists and to put them into jail. - Well, in my position, I hesitate to take moral positions Ma on legislative issues. But I pointed out at the time that Q a What about counter-espionage—dealing with the Atlantic City was going into casinos that we knew of no communists' KGB? What are you doing about that? situation in which legalized gambling was in place where we • This is an area where I cannot record success in terms did not eventually have organized crime. Crime doesn't al- M» of reducing the ways show up in the same way. In Atlantic City organized problems. We have had crime influence is coming through the control of goods and singular successes in the services. It's different from the "skimming" we've seen in past few years in iden- Las Vegas. We're also seeing evidence of corruption as or- tifying foreign intelli-

ganized crime tries to reach the gaming commission gence officers and either I through other state officials. having them expelled if]

So I really don't see how one can expect to run legalized they're protected by dip- gambling anywhere without serious problems—fraudulent lomatic immunity or tickets, counterfeit lottery processes. Any time organized prosecuted if not. And crime sees an opportunity to put a fix on something, to get we've increased our

an edge on something, it'll be there. And gambling is still counter-intelligence the largest source of revenue for organized crime. agents. Yet, we are con- fronted with an increas- ingly hostile intelligence presence in the United If States. There are simply Gambling continues more people coming in

1 to be the largest here with intelligence * ^V" task missions than we can cope with. The president and source of revenue Congress have increased our resources in this area dramat- for organized crime." ically. But as long as we continue to receive large numbers of communist diplomats, tourists, trade missions and stu- dents, we're going to have a major espionage problem on our hands.

\\m More than the drug traffic? Qa What's needed to fight that battle more effectively? _ More in dollars but not necessarily in profit. The profit A We're getting the resources. We have reached about Ma margin in narcotics is very high. b 12,000 companies possessing classified information or doing business with the government to increase their sen- Qa What about government involvement in lotteries? sitivity to recruitment attempts and efforts to buy infor- - Well, the argument is always made that we should mation from employees. Ma give the poor people a little hope. But the probabilities of winning on a lottery ticket are so miniscule that it has to Qa What about the future of your fight against crime? be called a false hope. The states really have to think seri- - The future depends on the present. Right now we ously about what they are doing to their own citizens when Ma have a tremendous momentum of support. A huge they push for something like that. crime package was adopted by Congress last year. Addi- tional resources have been made available and are being Qa What about terrorism? Is there any possibility properly built into the system. There is a strong relation- that this could become as serious a problem within the ship between state, local and federal agencies. Citizens are

United States as it is outside? concerned and are taking action. The important thing is to _ We're taking terrorism seriously. Forty percent of all continue that concerted effort. Mb the terrorist incidents outside the United States in the At no time in my lifetime have I ever seen the various past five years have been directed against U.S. persons or segments of our society working so well together on law U.S. property. Now, I don't believe that terrorism will ever enforcement. We mustn't quit now. The heat must stay on.

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE RIME IN AMERICA

into factories and shops that produce usable goods. • The repeal of statutes limiting prison industries' production or mar- kets for prison-made goods. Factories Inside • The repeal of protectionist laws that discriminate against the sale or transport of prison-made goods in in- Prison Walls terstate commerce. • The participation of business and labor leaders in programs permitting When societyjails people, it has an obligation to wider use of productive facilities inside change themfor the better before they are released all prisons. The concept of productive work for We spend $1 7 million a day on prisons but little inmates is not new. It has been applied for many years in northern to help prisoners improve, says our chiefjustice. Europe and to a significant extent in the federal prison system. In 1979, Congress authorized seven pilot pro- By Warren E. Burger grams in state prisons to contract with private firms to produce and ship RECENT declines in prison-made goods in interstate com- THEAmerica's crime rates still leave merce. This year, Congress expanded us with probably the highest the program to 20 projects; this must crime rate in the world. Our be expanded to all the states. prison population has more than In Minnesota's project, prisoners doubled— from about 200,000 in the are tested for their adaptability to mid-1970s to more than 450,000 today. training. Approximately 150 inmates Crime rates may have declined be- in the Minnesota prison at Stillwater cause some 200,000 more crime- assemble computers for Control Data inclined persons are now off the Corporation, which offers them jobs streets and behind prison bars. upon release. Under the 1979 legisla- If we acknowledge that the funda- tion, programs similar to Minnesota's mental obligation of government in a have been authorized in Arizona, Kan- civilized society is to protect people sas, Nevada and Utah. and homes, we must make law I believe that America, the most enforcement more effective. Equally voracious consumer society in the important, however, is the need for world, will absorb the production of all fundamental changes in our correc- inmates who can be trained — without tional systems. injury to private employment. Even More stone, mortar and steel for or will we change our thinking and under the best conditions, prison pro- walls and bars cannot solve this create institutions that are training duction will comprise only a drop in melancholy problem. We must change schools and factories with fences the bucket in terms of the Gross Na- our approach to dealing with those around them, where we will train in- tional Product. Today, some prison convicted of crimes. When society mates for useful employment to pre- production facilities lie idle because of places persons behind bars, it assumes pare them for release and to help pay laws confining the sale of their prod- a moral — not a legal — obligation to for their confinement? ucts to city and county governments try to change them for the better be- We pay at least $17 million each day within the state. fore they are returned to society. to run the nation's prisons, excluding Rewards and punishments permeate The federal government has em- the potential productivity squandered the lives of all free people and should barked on a multi-billion dollar prison when so many prisoners are idle. The not be denied to inmates. Our private construction program, with $1 billion prison unemployment rate is approx- enterprise system rewards good per- worth of work already under way. Will imately 90 percent. formance and penalizes poor perform- we build more "human warehouses," A person imprisoned for two years, ance. Certainly we can induce many five years or longer, and then re- inmates to cooperate in education and leased still unable to read, write, production. It is also reasonable that Warren E. Burger, — spell or do simple arithmetic, and un- they should not have to study more or Chief Justice of the trained in any marketable skill is work longer, for example, than the United States, — quite vulnerable to returning to a life cadets in our service academies. served 17 years as of crime. I advocate creating programs where a law professor. It is imperative that we adopt new the inmate can learn and earn his way For 15 years he standards, including: to freedom and a new life. Not all will was assistant U.S. • The conversion of prisons into succeed, but it is worth the effort even attorney general. places of education and training and if only 10 percent succeed.

JANUARY 1985 15 —

RIME in AMERICA

problem in child abuse, but also to let the public become more aware of the difficult decision-making process in- herent in prosecuting most child Face To Face abuse cases. In the juvenile area the prosecutor must enforce the laws vigorously, but With Local Crime should also attempt to prevent future criminal behavior on the part of the juvenile offender. The hope is always Kidnappings, family violence, child abuse and held that children can be turned away from criminal behavior. brutaljuvenile crimes provide some of the grisly While recent figures show that there is a decline in the crime rate na- day-to-day challengesfaced by) localprosecutors tionally, many local prosecutors are in their battles against crime in America. faced with increased caseloads in all types of crime. It must be recognized that the decline in the national crime rate has not allowed any significant By Tom Foley reprieve to our criminal justice sys- tem. The problems of serious and vio-

impact of crime on American lent crime continue to plague us all. Thecitizens is a serious problem Greater recognition of the victims of which, for the most part, must crime has focused national attention on be dealt with and addressed by the need for our criminal justice sys- local law enforcement officers. tem to become more sensitive to the While federal law enforcement officials needs of victims. Local prosecutors concern themselves with such prob- welcome this long-overdue recognition lems as organized crime, major drug of victims as parties to criminal actions trafficking and large-scale white collar with rights and privileges that should crime, local law enforcement officials be equal to those of the accused. concern themselves with the child who When an elderly St. Paul woman is abducted from the neighborhood and called the county attorney's office is later found brutally murdered, the and asked what she could do because small businessman who is robbed at her house had been burglarized and, gunpoint, the young couple whose among other things, her social security house is burglarized of their newly ac- check taken, it required the prosecu- quired possessions, or the young tor to have an understanding of her woman who is raped in the streets of problems as a victim and a willingness her own neighborhood. VIOLENT CRIME Murder, armed robbery to help her through the criminal jus- Within the community of local law and rape plague most U.S. cities today. tice process. enforcement officials, the ultimate re- The prosecutor's relationship with sponsibility for dealing with these year-old girl disappeared from her fam- the victims of crime is critical to the serious and violent crimes, and the ily's church services. The child was later prosecution function. The prosecutor criminals who commit them, rests with found dead, in a trash container several needs to educate and assist the victim. the local prosecutor. It is the prosecu- miles from the church. This particular It is this understanding of the victim's tor who maintains the leadership role crime was solved and successfully pros- need that bridges the gap between the in directing the criminal justice pro- ecuted through information obtained in prosecutor and the public. cess at the local level. an intensive investigation that used the Although local prosecutors face The role of the prosecutor is most combined efforts of the police, the pros- many difficult challenges and decisions often understood by the public in the ecutor and the community at large. It is in their battle against crime, they do context of the sensational or shocking in cases of this type that the prosecutor not, and should not, face that battle case. Several years ago the St. Paul must exercise his leadership, not only to alone. In addition to networking with community was outraged when a six- calm the fears of an outraged communi- local law enforcement agencies and the ty, but also to utilize available resources local community, the federal govern- in order to bring about a successful ment must join local prosecutors in prosecution of the guilty. setting priorities, initiating reforms Tow Foley is In another recent case, our commu- and instituting creative approaches to county attorney nity was shocked to learn that a highly improve our system of justice and pro- for Ramsey regarded employee of our school sys- tect the rights of our citizens. While County, St. tem had been involved sexually with the federal government is an impor- Paul, Minn. school children. The successful prose- tant partner in the fight against crime, cution of this case, the result of a plea it is still the local prosecutor who bargain, helped not only to educate comes face to face with crime at the the community about the widespread local level every day.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE —

RIME IN AMERICA

prints of a criminal who uses surgical gloves can be found. Other fingerprint methods either on the market or under development in- clude fluorescent compounds, dyes and Catching Criminals laser applications. • In crime labs where analysis of microscopic material often means a In The Computer Age conviction, new instrumentation makes submicroscopic analyses. A hit-and-run driver was caught last year when police identified a minute Bandits stole billion U.S. businesses $3 from particle of a car's signal light em- last year using computers to do their dirty work. bedded in the clothing of the victim. A proven method of apprehending But thejig may be up as lawmen turn data criminals, with an imaginative twist, last marshals in dragnets. was used year by U.S. banks into nationwide California. Using a computer to obtain the last known addresses of 2,000 for Congress to act, is applying a fugitives, 70 arrests were made when By David Holmstrom number of old statutes, including marshals, posing as delivery men, fraudulent use of interstate telephone went to those addresses. If the crimi- BURGLAR, thinking no lines, to make arrests. nal wasn't home, a message was left THEone was home, entered the quiet The FBI also has a behavioral sci- asking him to go to a specified address West Coast house early one ence unit in which psychological pro- to pick up a package. evening in 1978. Surprised to files are made using known criminal "It was like making an appointment find a woman alone in the suspects. Of the 209 murder, rape and for an arrest," said Stanley E. Morris, kitchen, he shot her in the face and kidnapping cases the unit handled in director of the U.S. marshals who fled. Scrambling out a rear window he 1982, the resulting profile was instru- called the dragnet "the most successful left a slight fingerprint on the mental in 77 percent of the cases. fugitive hunt in recent U.S. history." windowsill. The woman died. Innovations in other crime detection An added benefit in this case was that The shooting remained unsolved for areas are equally dramatic. not a single shot was fired during the six years because laborious manual • By using a chemical fume contain- 10-week operation. comparisons of fingerprints in local ing cyanoacrylate—the chemical used The computer and other technologi- police files failed to produce a match. in some quick-bonding glues — the cal advancements are being used to Then early in 1984, the police, using fingerprints on just about any object commit newer types of crimes every a new $2.6 million computer capable of can be exposed in a chalky white out- day. What's comforting to know is that comparing millions of fingerprints in a line and photographed. Even finger- almost as quickly as new schemes are matter of minutes, scored a "hit." Iron- developed, law enforcement officials ically the criminal, who confessed to COMPUTER SHERIFF Today's high-tech are finding ways to use the computer the murder, was a computer operator. Innovations are snaring more criminals. to combat them. Thanks to computer technology, manual searching to match prints that before took days is now reduced to minutes. Since the California state Department of Justice pioneered sophisticated computer fingerprint identification in 1980, about a dozen law enforcement agencies around the country have adopted similar systems. There is, unfortunately, one draw- back to these new developments: crim- inal usage. The American Bar Asso- ciation has reported that computer crimes netted $3 billion from American businesses last year, and it's likely to get much worse. While there are no federal computer crime laws, 25 states have created them, and 14 more are considering such legislation. The FBI, not waiting

David Holmstrom, former staff cor- respondent with the Christian Science Monitor, has written for several national magazines.

JANUARY 1985 17 . — FOOTBALL'S TOUGHEST JOB During this month's big bowl games, these unsung heroes will be booed by crowds, knockedflat by players and

berated by nearly everyone . but ifs all in a day's workfor the "Zebras." BY AL STUMP

S A CONSULTANT to busi- H ness concerns, Jim Tunney, a II tall, lean Californian, travels MB the U.S. in a somber business JM|| suit, briefcase in hand. He's a H motivation specialist, advising companies on ways to increase plant productivity. Then—fast switch—a far different Jim Tunney appears. Now he's standing on a 50-yard line, dressed in a garish black-and-white striped shirt, short pants, a billed cap and cleated shoes. In this role, Tunney leads as hectic a life as anyone in sports. He's been booed by crowds of 100,000, knocked flat by charging 280-pound players, roundly cussed by coaches and players, berated by TV commentators, and escorted from frenzied stadiums by police body- guards. Ironically, Jim Tunney, the motivation man, inspires people from coast to coast to criticize and fans could come onto the field, where UNSUNG HERO In true Yankee tradi- genuinely abuse him. violent things happen in split-seconds, tion, referees get no respect. "It's a tough job," says Tunney, at they might change their minds. As it 57 the senior active referee of the Na- is, even the Supreme Court couldn't back a winning 80-yard touchdown by tional Football League. "I've also been please a majority of customers." dropping that blankety-blank handker- accused of blindness, prejudice, Although Jim Tunney has officiated chief on a penalty." whistle-happiness and slow feet. If in four Super Bowls and more than 400 He has plenty of company. In the other contests in 25 years, he's rarely NFL, seven-man crews supervise Al Stump, a frequent contributor to applauded. In Yankee tradition, refs, games. All are on the spot. Refe- The American Legion Magazine, umps and other judges get no respect. rees — the overall bosses of crews — are has been writing about professional Smiling slightly, Tunney tells you, "I'm the most-exposed targets. Last Sep- sports for more than SO years. remembered only as the guy who called tember, during a Detroit Lions-San

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE —

Diego Chargers game, Tunney caught son, are highly a Charger defender battering Lions' accurate. Behind quarterback Gary Danielson after he'd this is the fact that thrown a pass. Marching off a 15-yard NFL crews form one roughing penalty, Tunney was jeered of the most elite groups and booed each step of the way by in sports. Only 106 53,500. Moments later, television's in- names appear on the NFL stant replay of the decision proved him Roster of Officials. Each correct. But as officials observe of man was required to meet such situations, "The TV replays don't stiffer criteria of competence to convince everyone. The live audience reach the big leagues than the still believes what it thought it saw." athletes he oversees. While Whistlemen are called "Zebras" by players jump straight from colleges players. Knowing how important they into pro-team jobs, gridiron magis- are to a multi-billion dollar business, of- trates must toil at the high school- ficials refer to themselves, with dignity, collegiate level for at least 10 years be- as "the third team on the field." And fore they're even considered for an third-teamers can vouch for the long NFL position. As a case in point, memories of both fans and players. senior referee Ben Dreith, 56, has gal-

rve been accused of blindness, prejudice, whistle-happiness and slow feet. But even the Supreme Court couldn't please most customers. 55

An emotional bunch, players com- loped over NFL fields for 25 seasons. plain colorfully. Line judge Art Hoist But Dreith worked schoolboy compe- remembers the Sunday when a Kansas tition for well over a decade before City Chiefs end, Fred Arbanas, was reaching the top plateau. tackled so hard that his artificial eye For these middle-agers, officiating popped out. After a grass search, the is a part-time, moonlighting activity ENDANGERED SPECIES Whistle while orb was found. with big benefits. Away from the you work takes on new meaning for the "I'm impressed with your courage." chalkstripes, they're employed in law-and-order corps of referees. Hoist told Arbanas. "What would you nearly every area of professional do if you lost the other eye?" endeavor. Some are even rumored to they say. "Then there are the wives. "That's easy," snapped Arbanas. be millionaires. Taking time away They worry a lot watching us on TV. "I'd become a referee." from main pursuits, they fly 120,000 or We're relatively small persons in the Endurable Norm Schacter, for 22 so miles per year, enduring derogation middle of a war." Norm Schacter's years an outstanding member of the and risking bodily injury in the midst nervous family members expressed it law-and-order corps, one afternoon as- of a ton of converging giants. They're with, "You're trying to maintain the sessed a series of penalties on the San out there in all kinds of weather. Un- peace in a gang fight among 80 toughs Francisco 49ers. At game's end, with like players, they wear no protective with just a little whistle and a colored San Francisco losing, Schacter was pads. Is the payoff worth it? handkerchief." stopped by one of the 49ers. Said the "It isn't the money that attracts us "Yes," replied Schacter, "but it's latter, "You had a terrible day with nearly as much as the exhilaration," my hanky." the whistle. But I still think you're the says Bob Fredric, a former Colorado U. Whatever is lobbed at them, the second-best official in the league." linebacker who's now a Denver printing striped-shirters stand as the most Inquired Schacter, "Who's first?" company president. "At kickoff time, alert, sober individuals in the house. "All of the others." you feel young again. You relax and They're prohibited from imbibing for Outsiders join in panning the Zeb- forget business problems." 24 hours before contests. Closely ras, too. Relates Schacter, "At All Zebras agree that they're foot- watched and evaluated by the home halftime of a Chicago Bears- New ball nuts whose enthusiasm never office, crews are required to check into York Giants game, a messenger boy fades. Who has the best seat in the a game-city hotel on Saturday before a appeared in the locker room with a stadium? Further, the pay is nice: Ex- Sunday assignment. Five to six hours telegram. It was from my optometrist, perienced tooters draw $900 per are spent in skull sessions reviewing who'd earlier fitted me with contact regular-schedule game, going up to rules and studying video films and lenses. The wire read: 'SAW FIRST $3,000 for playoffs and $5,000 for Jan- data on the teams. HALF ON TELEVISION. TIME uary's Super Bowl. As a sideline, they Coordinating with the referee are an FOR A NEW PRESCRIPTION.'" can earn $25,000 in six months. umpire, four judges (back, side, field Yet detailed film reviews of their rul- Among the drawbacks are flying ob- and line) and a head linesman. Each ings show that officials, over the 291- jects. "Hard-packed snowballs thrown has specific duties—and woe to anyone game National Football League sea- at us in northern cities aren't funny," Continued on page 56

JANUARY 1985 19 In theface of seemingly overwhelming odds, member nations have not lost one inch of territory since this keystone of US. foreign policy went into effect in 1949.

NATOH H ^| ^^^^ SOVIET ARMOR— A column of Russian tanks rumbles through Prague, Czechoslovakia 35 YEARS OF DETERRENCE

In 1961 the building of the Berlin Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands. By Kenneth Rush Wall sent shock waves around the This touched sensitive nerves in world. The Iron Curtain was rein- Moscow, and one of the most massive recently celebrated its forced with barbed wire, machine guns propaganda campaigns in history was NATO35th anniversary and those 35 and booby traps to check the flood of launched against the "two-track" de- years have seen their share of people fleeing the "workers' paradise." cision and the possibility of installation turbulence, both internally After weeks of crisis, the coordinated of the U.S. missiles. Feeding on natu- and externally. Internally, firmness of NATO and its member ral fears of the horrors of nuclear war, for example, were the Suez nations enabled Gen. Lucius Clay to Moscow succeeded in rousing protest crisis of 1956 and the peren- move his tanks boldly up to movements all over Europe and even nial Greek-Turkish problem. NATO Checkpoint Charlie. Although the wall in the U.S. The European govern- succeeded in calming these troubled is still there, the Soviets have never ments involved faced serious domestic waters without major strain. again tried to seize the city. political problems. Of far greater importance have been Of even greater significance has Oddly enough the protest demon- the external crises. NATO has sur- been the test of wills these last five strations in Europe, and even those in mounted these, and not one inch of a years over intermediate-range nuclear the United States, were against the member nation's territory has been lost missiles. For several years in the late possible installation of U.S. missiles since the treaty went into effect in 1949. 1970s, the USSR had been installing rather than against the Soviet missiles West Berlin, an island of freedom increasing numbers of SS-20s targeted already in place. There were two surrounded by a totalitarian sea, pro- on the cities of Western Europe. In minor exceptions. According to press vided one of NATO's crucial tests. December 1979 NATO reached a de- reports, some 20 Europeans tried to cision that, unless an agreement for protest in Red Square against Soviet Kenneth Rush, chairman, The Atlan- the limitation and reduction of missiles and were ordered out of the tic Council, has served as ambassador intermediate-range missiles could be country, and 50 Soviet citizens who to France and Germany, as deputy reached by the end of 1983, U.S. dared to do the same were arrested on secretary of defense and state, and as Pershings and cruise missiles should the spot. a presidential adviser. be installed in Germany, Britain, For four years the negotiations

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE were carried on in Geneva against the background of a steady increase in the VIEWPOINT installation of Soviet missiles and a drumbeat of intense Soviet prop- aganda against the installation of any American ones. In October 1983, the IMPROVING NATO'S Soviets broke off the negotiations, and the missiles are now being installed in CONVENTIONAL DEFENSES Western Europe. NATO had won a major psychologi- By Sen. Sam Nunn, D.-Ga. cal victory, survived its potentially most severe crisis and emerged NATO's leaders have been given warn- lies start to run out of ammunition— they stronger than ever before. ings for many years about diminish- get there just in time for either another In both WWI and WWII we in the ing confidence in our ability to deter Dunkirk or a tactical nuclear war. United States learned that no matter a lightning conventional attack by the To encourage the allies to meet these Warsaw Pact. Earlier this year, Gen. repeated pledges, I recently introduced Bernard Rogers, NATO's Supreme Allied an amendment [co-sponsored by Sen. Commander Europe, testified that the al- William V. Roth Jr., R.-Del.] requiring 11MAT0 IS AN liance's "current conventional posture reductions in U.S. troop levels in Europe does not provide our nations with unless certain goals are reached. Begin- adequate deterrence, and it leaves the ning in 1987, and continuing for three nuclear threshold at a disturbingly low years, the U.S. troop ceiling would have level." He added, "And I'm talking in been reduced by 30,000 per year unless INSTRUMENT FOR terms of days, not weeks or months." Un- the allies met either their pledge of 3 per- less NATO strengthens its conventional cent real growth in defense budgets or WORLD PEACE." forces, a non-nuclear attack by the War- their specific output pledges to acquire a saw Pact could leave us with only two 30-day supply of munitions and establish options: immediate escalation to nuclear a concrete plan to provide needed facil- how hard we tried we could not escape weapons or capitulation. ities and aircraft shelters. involvement in a major European war. NATO leaders have long recognized The amendment was vigorously op- What made the lesson especially painful these dangers. In 1978, the allies agreed posed by the administration and failed by was that we didn't get into the action to a set of plans to improve NATO's con- a vote of 55-41. Unless the allies begin to ventional defenses. The U.S. pledged to take positive steps to improve NATO's until our friends had come very close to send to NATO, within 10 days of a crisis, conventional defenses, I plan to offer a defeat. Even then, we had to go in ill- six Army divisions and more than 1,500 similar measure in the future. prepared and develop our military and tactical aircraft as early reinforcements The U.S. will remain a part of NATO. industrial potential as fought. we to the four divisions and hundreds of air- But U.S. actions alone cannot meet the In the aftermath of WWII, Western craft we keep over there in peacetime. alliance's needs. Now is the time to de- Europe lay exhausted militarily, eco- Our allies pledged to construct the termine whether the allies are serious nomically and psychologically. The facilities needed by these U.S. reinforce- about improved conventional defenses. I Soviet Union dominated all of Eastern ments and to build up their own ammuni- am convinced that these modest im- Europe, and the fear of its advance tion stocks to a 30-day supply. To pay for provements— the total cost to the allies these and other improvements, all the only about billion, spread westward hung like a pall over Western would be $6 NATO nations agreed to increase defense several years represent the best Europe. Ernest Bevin, the British over — spending by at least 3 percent annually course to ensure peace in Europe and Foreign Secretary, saw the picture after adjusting for inflation. avert the risks of nuclear war. But if the clearly when he told Secretary of State The U.S. has kept its part of the bar- Europeans are not prepared to carry out Marshall: and former Gen. George gain; the allies have not. If the U.S.- their part of the agreement, then I believe "I am convinced that the Soviet based aircraft committed to NATO were we will have to revise the size and compo- deal the Union will not with West to fly to Europe tomorrow, they would be sition of the U.S. commitment to NATO. I on any reasonable terms in the virtually useless. Eighty percent would believe we can provide a deterrent force foreseeable future, and that the not have facilities for refueling, ammuni- that relies on the threat of early escalation salvation of the West depends upon tion and repair, and none would have to nuclear weapons with far fewer U.S. such a mobilization of moral and hardened aircraft shelters to protect forces and U.S. servicemen in Europe. will inspire confi- material force as them from Soviet attack. Moreover, the Which way we go depends critically on energy within and re- dence and six Army divisions assigned to Europe what our allies choose to do about improv- spect elsewhere." wouldn't even have arrived before our al- ing conventional forces. Marshall agreed and so did Sen. Arthur Vandenburg, then chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations commit- American Legion Resolution on NATO tee. After 15 months of negotiation, Res. No. 451 (VA as amended and consolidated fend U.S. national security, but the other NATO the North Atlantic Treaty was signed with Res. No. 367 MD and 503 IA)— North Atlantic members must also expand their NATO commit- Treaty Organization. ments, and on April 4, 1949, and ratification was WHEREAS, North American-West European WHEREAS, The Soviet Union seeks in every way approved by an overwhelming Senate divide emasculate NATO; now, therefore, be it cooperation within NATO has provided collective se- to and By The American Legion in National vote. Every president since then has curity deterring Soviet attack and providing a secure RESOLVED, Convention assembled in Salt Lake City, Utah, Sep- environment in which Western Europe has achieved considered NATO the keystone of that we urge the American unprecedented internal amity and economic develop- tember 3, 4, 5, 1984, Government to enhance U.S. U.S. foreign policy. ment; and people and the U.S. national security by improving the U.S. conventional While has been successful in WHEREAS, Non-defense issues such as East- NATO forces committed to NATO, thereby raising the nu- West relations, trade, and technology transfer, mone- achieving its basic objective of safe- clear threshold; and be it further tary policy, and agricultural policy create division RESOLVED, That we urge the U.S. Government guarding its member nations from among NATO governments; and to convince other members of NATO to improve their aggression and, therefore, preventing WHEREAS, Some members of Congress recommend conventional forces and forces contributing to the at least a partial reduction of U.S. support for NATO; major war, its very success has turned principle of the strategic defense initiative committed and to NATO and to contribute directly or indirectly to Continued on page UU WHEREAS, A continued and expanded U.S. military efforts in other regions, e.g., the Persian commitment to NATO is imperative in order to de- Gulf, which benefit Western Europe.

JANUARY 1985 21 — THE YEAR

AND BEYOND

A hundred years from now, perhaps even sooner, space settlers will be exploring the outer solar sys- tem, exploiting the asteroids and building outposts possibly as far away as Pluto. By Isaac Asimov

he space For instance, space shuttle Dis- stations that are now T covery, which being planned for per- flew its mission over manent occupancy (in the Labor Day relays) by a dozen weekend in 1984, was human beings at a time the first to extend a would be powered by "solar-power array" such an array of solar during flight. The cells. Such stations can array was a large be used as a base for SPACE COLONIES Life In space cylin- rectangle of solar the building of other ders could Include Earth-like blue skies, clouds and sunlight (left). A 21st century cells, 102 feet long structures in space. space colonist might see the view above and 13 feet wide. Perhaps the most from a space tug nearlng a colony large This first extension immediately useful of enough to be the home of a million set- of such an object was f such structures would tlers, with 100 square miles In land area, not intended to pro- be one that would be, with regulated seasons and controlled duce electricity, so so to speak, almost all day-night cycles. most of the solar cells it contained array. Instead of 102 by 13 feet, we were dummies. The array tested well might imagine arrays that were a mile light, none of which would be ab- otherwise. It was stable and did not long and hundreds of feet wide; sorbed. The array can be placed in interfere with the maneuvering of the perhaps even a number of them spread orbit in such a way that it would enter vessel. Eventually, such an array will out windmill fashion, and all catching the Earth's shadow only for brief produce electricity, enough for the the sunlight. Such structures have periods around the equinoxes and, tak- shuttle and enough, in fact, for three been discussed in all seriousness by ing the year as a whole, it would be in average American homes. scientists since the early 1960s. sunlight about 98 percent of the time. All that energy would come from The first huge arrays of this kind It has been calculated that a solar sunlight and this is another step, a are likely to be built on Earth's sur- array in space might produce up to 60 giant one, toward fulfilling a science face in some desert areas where there times as much electricity as the same fiction dream. is much sunshine. But space has great array on Earth's surface. Such solar Such arrays are quite likely to be- advantages, once the techniques of arrays, then, could produce far more come commonplace over the next few space construction are worked out. electricity than would be needed for decades and they will help make such On Earth's surface there is sunshine space activities alone. There would be structures in space much more practi- only half the day on the average and a large surplus that could be exported cal than they would be otherwise. even clear, desert air blocks most of to Earth. the wavelength range of sunlight al- This could be done by having the Isaac Asimov, professor of biochemis- together and absorbs much of the rest. electricity that is produced by the try at Boston University School of This absorption is more marked the solar array, converted into micro- Medicine, has published 307 books lower the sun is in the sky. In space, waves and beamed to Earth. On Earth and written hundreds of articles about however, the array would be exposed there would be receiving stations de- nearly every branch of science. to the full range of continuous sun- signed to absorb those microwaves

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE —

LUNAR INDUSTRIES Moon settlers (above) could mine and ship to distant space colonies tons of lunar resources for colony construction. In such col- onies, (below), settlers might find rivers whose shores are made of lunar soil, and mountains, plains or forests.

and reconvert them into electricity for distribution throughout the planet. It might seem that if we must build receiving stations to absorb micro- waves, they might as well be built to absorb sunlight directly and cut out all the intermediate steps. Sunlight, how- ever, is widely spread out and there- fore hard to collect, whereas the microwave beam would be concen- trated and could be handled by a far smaller receiving station than would be required for sunlight. Moreover, sunlight is present in daylight only and is absorbed by the atmosphere to a great extent, while microwaves can be beamed down day and night and are not absorbed. They can penetrate even clouds and fog. To be sure, the microwave beam may not be entirely harmless to living things. They need not be so concen- trated, however, that the danger is acute. Then, too, they can be set up in isolated areas and can probably be shut off in very short order if that should ever prove necessary. In all likelihood, they will be no more dangerous than high-voltage wires. In both cases, one need only stay away from them. It is likely that once we have a space station, we will also be ready to return to the moon. With space vessels built at the space station, it will take far Continued on page ^8

JANUARY 1985 23 — —

RAVELOGUE America's Historic Battlefields Freedom in America was won by our forebears whofought five wars on home soil, including the great battlefields shown here, to preserveforever the right to be free.

BY GARYTURBAK

M LTHOUGH the United JH States has escaped the de- struction of having a world war fought on its soil, our

JK» 1 a ml lies dotted with battlefields. Five wars — the American FREDERICKSBURG Actors at the Fredericksburg/Spotsylvania National Military Park, Va., prepare for battle. The 6,500-acre park has four Civil War battlefields, Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Civil major where 100,000 fell. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville were Confederate victories; War, Texas war for independence and Wilderness and Spotsylvania were Union. the Indian wars — have ebbed and flowed across America. Thousands of American soldiers have seen battle in the Alamo, Gettysburg, Manassas, their homeland. Shiloh, Little Big Horn and others. Today, many of these battlefields The events that took place at these have been preserved as monuments, places are etched forever in the na- national parks and historic sites. To- tion's memory: George Washington ac- gether, they tell the story of a great cepting the sword of Cornwallis to end country's quest for independence, the Revolution; Andrew Jackson's vol- unity and peace. For the traveling unteers routing the disciplined British; American, there can be no better way Colonel Barret Travis drawing a line to tour our land than to visit the in the Alamo dirt and asking those nation's battlefields. willing to die to step over. Guided tours, interpretive talks, Each battlefield is unique, yet all museums, scenic drives, restored are connected by the threads of brav- buildings and ancient fortifications will ery and valor. At these places, men highlight your trip. At some fought and died for what they be- battlefields, actors in authentic uni- lieved. That some struggles pitted forms recreate historic skirmishes, fill- brother against brother, while tragic, ing the air with the smoke from is commemorated by the fact that the muzzleloading rifles. And there are American people have chosen to turn the cemeteries, where a century of these places into monuments. veterans lie. Scores of battlefields — from New The names of the battlefields roll York to Texas to Montana— beckon to unencumbered off the tongue — the American traveler. Each lays LITTLE BIG HORN Simple markers at Yorktown, Saratoga, Orleans, claim to a part of history. New U.S. As you the Custer Battlefield National Monument, travel across your country, take time Mont., show where Gen. George Custer Gary Turbak is an Air Force veteran to relearn the significance of these and 264 men of his 7th Cavalry attacked of Vietnam and an award-winning places and of the sacrifices Americans 4,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors in free-lance writer. have made there. June 1876. No soldiers survived.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE —

GETTYSBURG—More men fell here In June 1863 than in any other battle fought In North America. The Gettysburg National Military Park, Pa., saw Confederate Gen. George Pickett's final charge fail, leaving 51,000 wounded and dying on both sides.

THE ALAMO Texas was fighting for its independence from Mexico in 1836, and 188 volunteers were trapped in a mission near the San Antonio River. Mexican forces overran the garrison, killing all the freedom fighters, but the cry, "Re- member the Alamo," spurred others to win the war.

CHALMETTE—In the last battle of the last war fought between the U.S. and Great Britain, 5,000 Americans routed twice that many Redcoats in the 1815 Battle of New Orleans, at what is today the Chalmette National Historical Park, La.

YORKTOWN — The statue of a British soldier stands atop an earthen fortifica- tion at the Yorktown Battlefield, Va. It was here that the six long years of the American Revolution ended with George Washington accepting the sword of sur- render from British Gen. Cornwallis.

Photos courtesy of the National Park Service, Colonial National Historic Park and San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau.

FORT SUMTER—Confederate troops fired the first shots of the Civil War on April 12, 1861, and captured the island fort, now Fort Sumter National Monument, S.C. For four years, the Confederates used Fort Sumter to guard Charleston Harbor.

JANUARY 1985 25 VETERAN5 UPDATE

Approximately 2.2 Million service- tactics, then approach customers and ask them to buy mag- disabled veterans, their families and survivors will azine subscriptions. However, salespersons ask customers receive a 3.2 percent increase in their VA compensation to make checks payable to the charitable cause as a contri- checks beginning this month, according to VA Adminis- bution instead of to the Legion or to the Auxiliary for a trator Harry N. Walters. magazine subscription. This way, customers are told, they

The increase in disability compensation and other bene- may write off the contribution as a tax deduction and still fits is the result of the Veterans' Benefits Improvements get the magazine. The magazine subscriptions do not exist, Act of 1984. and consequently, neither does the tax deduction. The rate boost means an increase to $1,295 per month for The third scam is a hoax directed at WWII veterans that a veteran with a disability rated at 100 percent. Veterans will cause headaches for the VA. Titled "Insurance Refunds with a 50 percent disability will receive $376 a month, and for Veterans," this cheaply produced circular recently was those with 10 percent ratings will get $66 a month. mailed to veterans in western Pennsylvania telling them they

The legislation also increases to $349 the annual allow- are eligible for dividends on their GI life insurance policies. ance made to certain veterans whose artificial limbs or "It's a hoax," said Tom Schneiders of The American wheelchairs cause wear on their clothing. Legion's Veterans Affairs and Rehabilitation Division. In addition, the bill provides the same percentage in- "We've been seeing this every few years since 1948. It can crease in dependency and indemnity compensation rates for cost the VA up to $100,000 to respond to these inquiries," 315,240 widows, widowers and children of veterans who he said. died in service or who died later because of service- Veterans are told to mail certain information to V. R. connected injuries. Prosser at the regional office in Philadelphia. There is no

Other provisions of the bill include: V. R. Prosser working for the VA in Philadelphia or any- • A 10-percent increase in Vietnam-era GI Bill benefits, where else, Schneiders said. survivors' educational assistance benefits and vocational rehabilitation subsistence allowances. he VA Central Office (vaco) wants to • A two-year extension of the Veterans Readjustment buy from veteran-owned businesses, especially those Appointment Program, which provides federal employment owned by Vietnam-era or disabled veterans. advantages to certain Vietnam-era and disabled veterans. This reminder comes from Marsha J. Simerly, chief of • An extension of the participation deadlines and funding VACO's supply division, Washington, D.C. VACO is dis- authority under the Emergency Veterans' Job Training Act. tinct from the 172 medical centers throughout the country • An increase in the maximum specially adapted housing that buy approximately $3 billion of medical supplies and assistance grant from $32,500 to $35,500. services each year. VACO is headquarters of the VA, and • An increase in the maximum amount of the automobile annually buys about $5 million of goods, mostly general assistance grant from $4,400 to $5,000. office supplies, equipment and services. Veterans may do business with VACO by phoning in Of Three Scams aimed at Beware their bids or submitting them in writing. Legionnaires, Auxiliary members and veterans in Veterans interested in doing business with VACO should general. contact Marsha J. Simerly, Chief, Supply Division (031C), The first involves a telephone sales scheme offering ex- VA Central Office, 810 Vermont Avenue NW, Washington, cess merchandise from the 1984 National Convention in D.C. 20420; (202) 389-2965. Salt Lake City. The caller identifies himself as a represen- tative of the national organization, selling leftover mer- chandise that will be shipped to buyers, collect, via United Veterans Have Until Feb. 28 to Parcel Post — which requires cash from buyers. apply for eligibility for the federal Emergency Veter- No such excess merchandise exists, and no one from the ans' Job Training Act. national organization is involved in such an operation. This act, which went into effect in 1983, provides reim- The second scam concerns questionable practices of some bursement for employers of half the starting wages of un- magazine sales solicitors, who misuse the name and emblem of employed Korean War or Vietnam-era veterans trained in The American Legion and The American Legion Auxiliary. certain jobs. Usually sellers approach an officer in a post or auxiliary As of October, 233,582 veterans have been certified eli- and request permission to represent the Legion or Auxil- gible for the program. The number of employers certified iary while selling magazine subscriptions to raise funds for to participate in the program has risen to 30,000. So far, a charitable cause. Once permission is granted, sellers arm 17,625 veterans have been placed in jobs, and more than themselves with official-looking, but unauthorized, Ameri- $71 million has been earmarked for employer reimburse- can Legion credentials and pawn themselves off as agents ments, according to Donald E. Shasteen, deputy assistant of either organization. Sellers, some of whom use coercive secretary for veterans' employment and training.

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APPLY TODAY Select the num- BENEFITS—Yearly Renewable Reducing Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-781) ber of units from the chart at Benefits determined by age at death and include 20% SPECIAL INCREASE for deaths right, fill out the application be- occurring during 1985. Maximum coverage limited to 12 units. low and enclose your check or 12 Units 11 Units 10 Units 8 Units 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit order for the prorated Age at Death money $288 per yr. S264per yr. $240 per yr. $192 per yr. $144 per yr. $120 per yr. $96 per yr. $72 per yr. $48 per yr. $24 per yr. premium indicated to provide Through age 29 $144,000 $132,000 $120,000 $96,000 $72,000 $60,000 $48,000 $36,000 $24,000 $12,000 coverage for the rest of the cal- 30-34 115,200 105,600 96,000 76,800 57,600 48,000 38,400 28,800 19,200 9,600 endar year. 35-44 64,800 59,400 54,000 43,200 32,400 27,000 21,600 16,200 10,800 5,400 45-54 31,680 29,040 26,400 21,120 15,840 13,200 10,560 7,920 5,280 2,640 IF YOU LIVE IN FL, IL, NJ, NY, 55-59 NC, OH, PR, TX, or Wl send for 17,280 15,840 14,400 11,520 8,640 7,200 5,760 4,320 2,880 1,440 60-64 11,520 10,560 9.600 7,680 5,760 4,800 3,840 2,880 1,920 960 special application. Applications 65-69 7,200 6,600 6,000 4,800 3,600 3,000 2,400 1,800 1,200 600 and benefits vary slightly in 70-74* some areas. Make check or 4,752 4,356 3,960 3,168 2,376 1,980 1,584 1,188 792 396 75*-0ver 3,600 3,300 3,000 2,400 1,800 1,500 1,200 900 600 300 money order payable to: The American Legion Life Insurance Prorated Premiumf $264 $242 $220 $176 $132 $110 $88 $66 $44 $22 Plan. No persons age 70 or over (including those desiring additional coverage) will be accepted for new insurance. 9 and 7 units also available. Please write for details. fPRORATED PREMIUM TO SEND WITH YOUR APPLICATION. The pre- INCONTESTABILITY Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has

miums shown above are for the balance of 1985 for approved applica- been in force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. tions effective Feb. 1, 1985. Premiums for applications effective Mar.1 later are proportionately less, by $2 PER UNIT PER MONTH, and any or MAIL TO: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan overpayments will be refunded. Premiums accompanying non-approved P.O. Box 5609 • Chicago, IL 60680 applications will be refunded in full.

EFFECTIVE DATE Your insurance becomes effective on the first day of Plan insured by Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company. the month coinciding with or next following the date your application

is received, subject to Insurance Company's approval. Insurance Application Subject to Underwriter's Approval

may be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION OF INFORMATION

Information regarding your in- Full Name. Birth Date surability will be treated as con- Last First Middle Mo. Day Year fidential except that Trans- america Occidental Life In- Permanent Residence- surance Co. may make a brief aStreet City State Zip report to the Medical Informa- Relationship tion Bureau (M.I.B.) a non-profit Name of Beneficiary. Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones. A/of "Mrs. H. L. Jones" membership organization of life insurance companies which Membership Card No Year .Post No. -State. operates an information ex-

change on behalf of its I apply for the number of units indicated: Pj members. Upon request by nsurance Company's approval or rejection of this another member insurance The following representations shall form a basis for the enrollment: Answer all questions. company to which you have ap- actively working? plied for life or health insurance, 1. Present occupation? , Are you now

or to which a claim is submit- Yes No If no, give reason , ted, the M.I.B. will supply such 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If yes, give date, company with the information it length of stay and cause may have in its files. 3. During the last five years, have you had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver disease, The Company may also release lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you had or received treatment or medication for high blood information in its file to its rein- pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details —. . surers and to other life in- surance companies to which knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card are true you may apply for life or health I represent that to the best of my part of insurance granted upon it under the policy. and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a any insurance, or to which a claim me, or who may attend or examine me, to I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined is submitted. disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of 19 Applicant you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- Dated The American Legion offers this Insurance through Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company, closure of any information it Home Office: Los Angeles, California may have in your file. Medical GMA-300 19 12-79 (Univ.) information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AUTHORIZATION 5185 closed to your attending physi- of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any cian. If you question the ac- I have received and read the Notice facility, in- curacy of information in the physician, medical practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person rection in accordance with the having any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Transamerica Occidental Life In- procedures set forth in the Fed- surance Company any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in-

Signature of Applicant . formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated , 19 Life Insurance. present certificate number is Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion My 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660. —

LEGION NEWS

Dr. John W. Ditzler Agent Orange Law Named VA Chief 'A Step in the Medical Director Right Direction' A VA physician with extensive A new law allowing compensation yL_l administrative and clinical ex- L\ for veterans exposed to radia- JL JL perience has been selected as JL JL tion and Agent Orange has the new VA chief medical director. garnered qualified support from Na- Dr. John W. Ditzler, a board-certi- tional Commander Clarence M. Bacon. fied anesthesiologist and native of Bacon said the legislation is a "much for needed in direction," Frederick, Md., began working the of the step the right but VA as a consultant in 1970. Assigned Scout Year falls short of meeting Legion expecta- to the San Diego VA Medical Center in Nominations Due tions for benefits to these veterans. 1980, Ditzler was its director at the "The Legion feels that there is suf- time of his appointment. A pplications for 1985 American ficient evidence to support a perma- As head of the Department of Z-k Legion Scout of the Year nent presumption of a connection Medicine and Surgery, Ditzler will JL JL nominations were mailed re- between exposure to Agent Orange administer the nation's largest health cently to scoutmasters of American and the diseases chloracne, prophyria care system, which employs more than Legion-sponsored Scout troops, de- cutanea tarda — a liver disorder — and 200,000 people in 172 medical centers, partment Scout chairmen and depart- soft tissue tumors," Bacon said. He 227 outpatient clinics, 105 nursing ment adjutants. pointed out that the legislation does homes and 16 domiciliaries. The VA's Deadlines for return of the nomina- not recognize service connection for medical budget this year is more than tions to district commanders is Feb. 1; the latter medical problem. $9 billion. to department commanders, March 15; Another troubling provision of the Ditzler, 65, a veteran of the U.S. and to Natl. Headquarters, April 15. law is the temporary recognition of Army Medical Corps, served during The American Legion Life Insur- these problems. Rather than add this WWII and the Korean War. His medi- ance Trust Fund provides an $8,000 compensation to the part of the VA cal degree is from Temple University scholarship to the Eagle Scout who is statutes governing the paying of Medical School, with residencies in selected for the honor. The scholarship claims for service-connected disabili- both medicine and anesthesiology. is allocated to the winner at $2,000 per ties, this is a free-standing provision of year for four years. The Scout of the law that will pay claims only between Year also will be a member of the Oct. 1, 1984 and Sept. 30, 1986. Youth Champion delegation at the "While a joint American Legion/ Co- 67th National Convention in New Or- lumbia University study of Vietnam leans, Aug. 23 to 28. veterans will be completed in the very near future, the federal government's own study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control is not scheduled to Soldiers May Rate be completed until after the period set Bronze Star Medal by the new law expires," Bacon said. "The American Legion feels that the ome Army veterans may be problems suffered by veterans ex- ^ eligible for a Bronze Star Medal posed to Agent Orange and radiation L^J for service from Dec. 7, 1941 are not temporary and must not be through Sept. 2, 1945, if they meet treated as if they were." one of the following criteria: If they were awarded the Combat Infantry- man Badge or Combat Medical Badge; were cited in orders for heroism; were awarded a certificate of exemplary conduct in ground combat against MAN OF THE YEAR Milford A. Forrester, enemy forces; were given awards for a member of James F. Daniel Jr. Post 3, meritorious achievement issued after Greenville, S.C., and chairman of The A "Membership Recruiter" cap patch Is Dec. 6, 1941 and before July 1, 1947 American Legion Magazine Commission, available through departments as an In- for actions between Dec. 7, 1941 and was named Department of South Caroli- centive to Legionnaires who excel In Sept. 2, 1945. na's "Man of the Year." Forrester was membership recruitment. The patch dif- Veterans who think they qualify cited for dedicating his life to helping fers from a previous membership patch, others by putting into practice his beliefs should write and send documentation which denotes any of a number of mem- In service to America's veterans, and in to Headquarters, RCPERCEN, Attn: bership roles a Legionnaire could hold. volunteer efforts to American communi- DARC-PSE-AW, 9700 Page Blvd., St. The new patch will be Issued under rules ties and The American Legion. Louis, Mo., 63132. established by departments.

JANUARY 1985 29 —

Americas POWs/MIAs You Are Not Forgotten!

N NOVEMBER 1983, we reported Progress continued in October when I to you on the history of the POW/ Thach met with Richard Childress, the BMIA issue stemming from the White House National Security Council I Vietnam War and the Legion's role representative, and Ann Mills Grif- I in helping to resolve it. Then, 2,491 fiths, executive director of the National I Americans were listed as missing League of Families. Thach emphasized ^ and unaccounted for. As of Nov. 1, his government's interest in rapidly re- 1984, little measurable progress has solving the POW/MIA issue. Shortly been achieved — 2,483 are still miss- afterward, America and Vietnam an- ing. However, there are some indica- nounced they would have a technical tions in the diplomatic arena that We write no last meeting in Hanoi in October, more greater progress may be forthcoming. than a month earlier than anticipated. chapters. We close American officials, who attended the VIETNAM meeting said it was "the most cordial no books. We put and cooperative to date, with a good A great deal of attention is being fo- exchange of informaton." cused on Vietnam, where 1,826 Amer- away no final In testifying at a congressional hear- icans are still missing. ing in August, Assistant Secretary of Last January, a significant devel- memories until we State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs opment occurred during a meeting of Paul Wolfowitz was cautiously optimis- the foreign ministers of the three In- account for every tic: "Progress with Vietnam on resolv- dochinese countries of Vietnam, Laos ing this issue has been disappointingly and Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia). one of our missing. slow, but developments in recent weeks Their communique of Jan. 29, for the offer room for some hope." first time contained a portion on the POW/MIA issue. They stated their LAOS willingness to cooperate with the U.S. government based on the increased in- particularly those cases involving the Here, where 569 Americans are terest of the American people and de- most accessible sites and POWs who missing, Wolfowitz told Congress he pendent upon U.S. cooperation and died in captivity in South Vietnam; to could "report modest progress." abandonment of hostility. return eight sets of remains; and to In December 1983, responding to a Momentum continued in a February resume periodic technical meetings, Lao government invitation, U.S. visit to Hanoi by the highest level which the Vietnamese had suspended technical experts conducted a prelimi- U.S. delegation to visit Vietnam since in July 1983. nary survey of a C-130 crash site at the war ended. Assistant Secretary of The Vietnamese subsequently ful- Pakse in southern Laos. The aircraft Defense Richard L. Armitage headed filled two of their promises. They re- was shot down in 1972. One crew the delegation, which included the ex- turned eight sets of remains on July member was killed, and two were ecutive director of the National 17. (It is noteworthy that the transfer rescued. The fate of 10 others is un- League of Families and White House occurred just three days before Na- known. The U.S. subsequently pro- and State Department officials. tional POW/MIA Recognition Day posed a joint excavation of the crash In meetings with Vietnamese perhaps signifying the Vietnamese' site. On July 20, in his speech for Na- Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach, the understanding of the powerful role of tional POW/MIA Recognition Day, delegation emphasized the U.S. objec- public awareness efforts in the U.S.) President Reagan announced the Lao tive of increased cooperation at a faster Six of the remains were identified as government had agreed in principle to pace. The two delegations agreed that American servicemen and returned to the excavation. The two governments the POW/MIA issue was a humanitarian their families for burial. In mid- are working out the details and hope problem, to be solved separately from August, technical meetings were re- to complete the excavation by the end other outstanding issues. sumed in Hanoi. At the meeting, U.S. of this month. During the meetings, the Viet- technicians gave the Vietnamese sev- During the past year, several high- namese made three promises: to speed eral case files to assist them in fulfil- level U.S.-Lao discussions have been up actions on the POW/MIA issue, ling their third pledge. held in New York and Vientiene. Both

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE governments have agreed in principle to improve relations; however, the U.S. government regards the POW/ MIA issue "as the principal measure of Lao sincerity." In the atmosphere of improving relations, the U.S. hence- forth will vote in favor of economically sound loans by multilateral lending in- stitutions to Laos and has provided some emergency food aid to Laos. KAMPUCHEA The problem of achieving an ac- counting for the 82 Americans missing here is complicated by the fact that the Phnom Penh regime does not completely control the country. The U.S. believes the Vietnamese government, which basically controls Kampuchea, should have information on those missing. The U.S. also is seeking assistance in obtaining infor- mation through the offices of an inter- national humanitarian organization. THE AMERICAN LEGION Legionnaires attending the 66th National Convention in Salt Lake City heard President Reagan reiterate his total commitment to solving the POW/MIA issue. "Your responsible support of our ef- forts and the National League of Families is greatly appreciated," he said. "We have made some recent prog- ress with both Laos and Vietnam, and we will continue our highest priority ef- forts until we achieve the fullest possi- ble accounting of these brave men." Delegates also heard a detailed status report on the POW/MIA issue by Commodore James 0. Cossey, the AMERICAN Legion has them to support the current high Pentagon's director for East Asian and THEbeen in the forefront of those or- priority of the POW/MIA issue and Pacific affairs. He presented a letter ganizations seeking a complete, urge continuous, firm action until all to the national commander from Sec- accurate and just resolution of of the POWs/MIAs have been ac- retary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, the POW/MIA issue. That resolution counted for. lauding the Legion's POW/MIA pro- cannot be accomplished by the • Write letters to the editors of gram. Cossey also stated that the actions of a few interested persons. local newspapers and magazines. Defense Intelligence Agency is con- It will require the force of a national • Seek knowledgeable POW/MIA tinuing to investigate to confirm more will, a national determination that speakers for your meetings. than 190 firsthand, live-sighting re- Legionnaires can help forge. • Help create public awareness ports of Americans in Indochina. through floats in parades or publicity Delegates adopted a strong resolu- What You Can Do at sports events. tion supporting government-to- • Send your suggestions, ideas government cooperation as the only • Assist your department POW/ and requests for information about effective means to resolve the POW/ MIA chairman. POWs/MIAs to the National MIA issue. It urged the U.S. "to • Write Hanoi and let the Viet- Security/Foreign Relations Division, ensure that this POW/MIA issue be namese know that there will be no The American Legion, 1608 K Street kept at the highest national priority, improvement in U.S. -Vietnamese re- NW, Washington, D.C. 20006 to accelerate efforts in every honor- lations until they cooperate in ac- • Write the National League of able way to obtain the immediate re- counting for all POWs/MIAs. Send Families at The American Legion's lease of any Americans who may still letters to the SRV Representative to Washington address to get informa- be held captive in Indochina, to the United Nations, 20 Waterside tion about public awareness activi- achieve the fullest possible accounting Plaza, New York, NY 10010. ties, to get free materials for distri- of those still missing and to repatriate • Write to the president, your bution or to place your name on its the remains of those who died serving representatives and senators and ask free mailing list. our nation."

JANUARY 1985 31 THE DEPARTMENT

John M. Tyson E. P. Oliver Kay Compton Ernest C. Bradshaw Richard H. Mibach COMMANDERS Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California ELECTED FOR '84 -'85 Raymond J. LeBrun Everett McConnell Eliott Morris Mrs. Jackson-Reining Edward J. Gondella Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware D. C.

Rheuben M. Hair Sr. Robert H. Winkler Curtis Higingbotham Robert J. Conrad Michael G. Schow Roy B. Koeneman Richard F. Wright Vincent E. Blank Florida Hawaii Idaho Indiana

Donald K. Harris Brad Jorgens Joe Ghetti Seth A. Slocum C. Hal Manson Jack Gilmont Larry Little John G. Pandora Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

John E. Hein Dr. Guy Exon Donald F. Klein Harvey W. Hall Howard V. Erickson Paul H. Drake C. E. "Jack" Swank Stan C. Stueve New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon m %

i

John K. Hoyle L. G. Smith Ernesto P. Golez Jose N. Palmer Walter R. Perry Sr. A. J. LeClaire Bob Searl William E. Strong Panama Canal Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee

John D. Morris Orval Wright Thomas Courts J. W. (Buster) Johnson Howard Jessen Olin Wharton James E. Chapin Dewey M. Pendleton Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE

Andrew J. Cooper Robert G.Blair Dr. C. L. Vawter, Jr. Lawrence E. Fisher Donald A. Drumheller COMMITTEEMEN Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California IN OFFICE '84 -'85 J. Archie Corriveau Charles Pat Smith Henry S. Bialoglowy John K. Simons Richard Billig Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. of Columbia

A. L. Ulchar, Sr. Williams. Lombardo W. D. Harrell Kenneth McAtee Conrad Chisholm Charles Kinkade Gilbert E. Sheeks Mark J. Studer Florida France Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa

Warren R. Davies Robert W.Durand John J. Harris Robert A. "Bob" Tart Robert E. Hennessy Thomas L. Gabel TomC. Smith T. Les Galloway New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

Donald Clarke Ricardo R. Machado D. D. DiFrancesco Eligio Tionamba Luis A. Andujar R. S. Sanchas E.Roy Stone, Jr. John J. Maddux Jr. Panama Canal Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee

Harvey Holcomb Christoffersen John Morrissey Emmett B. Burley W. H. Dunn Jack T. Gribben Ted Mallow Frank M. Shaffer Texas Utah Vermont Virainia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

JANUARY 1985 33 —

A Relaxed Country Club Atmosphere Retire to Sun-Kissed Florida Living A Carefully Planned Community!

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• Carport, Utility room, Screen Florida room Please rush me complete details and floor plans without cost or obligation. Wonderful Activities— Fine Location! On the grounds you'll find 2 golf courses, 2 Name king-sized solar heated pools, private fishing All property owners en|oy lovely executive Address. a 9 hole lake, 12,000 square foot clubhouse— activities course located right on our property. Own your own cart — no greens fee! galore. Located on four lane U.S. Highway City . State - .Zip- New regulation 9 hole course now under construc- 441-27 just 8 miles north of Leesburg and only tion Golf course lots still available 45 miles to Disney World. Phone! I

ENJOY LUXURY LIVING ON A BUDGET! About $200 per month should pay your Check Here: I am interested in a golf course homesite.

I regular maintenance, taxes, sewer, water, utility bills, phone, insurance, cable TV and Free golf. am interested in a homesite

• ADVERTISEMENT- $1000 A Month With Just A Hack Saw! © Philip E. Brancato Sr. 1982

Yes, you can make $1000 a What Do I Do? hours of work is selling for found the right design and with just a tricks to month and more I make beautiful indoor/ over $ 1 89 in the stores. 1 can measurements and hack saw in your spare time. outdoor P.V.C. pipe furni- sell my chaise lounge for the manufacturing of P.V.C.

Will I Get Rich? ture. Such as chairs, lounges, anything I think my labor~ is pipe furniture. I only wish No, you will not get rich, tables, swings, and all kinds worth. that when I started, I could but you can make over $1000 of baby furniture out of Where can you buy have bought these shop in your spare time P.V.C. pipe; even birdhouses drawings and I would have a month the P.V.C. Pipe? for just one and have a ball doing it. and feeders. P.V.C. pipe gladly paid $100 them. I tried all those "Get Rich" furniture is the hottest selling You can buy the P.V.C. of gimmicks that are advertised, furniture on the market pipe from any local hardware / will pay you!

that never tell you anything today, because it is unique store to start. Plus I will sup- Yes, I will pay you $25 for until you've sent them your and beautiful and will not rot ply you with the name and any unique design shop

$25, and then you find out or rust and it will virtually address of one of the largest drawing that I can use in my their gimmicks were not for last a life time. manufacturer of pipe, fitting, collection and workshop you. Well, I've tried them all Profit Unbelievable! cushions, and table tops who manual. and I'm still not rich. The fantastic part of this will sell to you at wholesale How do you start?

I was prices not have to All ever wanted business is the profit. and you do 1) Decide if you like to something I could do in my buy a minimum amount. You work with your hands to spare time with my hands, can buy one cushion or 50 create things and want to with make a little money and en- plus I will supply you my make money. have six detailed joy myself and not to shop manual and 2) Can you afford $12.00 buy $3000 worth of tools or shop drawings with pictures for my shop manual and six merchandise to do it. and measurements of six dif- drawings. ferent designs. 3) Send me your name and Believe It Or Not Do you need my address along with your I the enjoyable found most check for $12.00 to: shop drawings? and profitable business Philip E. Brancato Sr. with Just go look at some of this No, you don't need my working my hands and P. O. Box 237AL3

I furniture in the stores and see drawings unless you the only tools use are a hack shop Riverview, Florida 33569 some of the unbelievable want to save hundreds of saw and measuring tape. The (813) 677-6948 prices it is selling for. hours of trial and error work really nice thing about it is Please allow about two or ten-year- A chaise lounge that costs and thousands of dollars that any man, woman weeks for delivery. old can do it. $62.25 in material and three 1 had to spend before I finally LEGIONNAIRES IN ACTION

Shooting for the Stars and making it, perhaps best describes LEGIONNAIRE the efforts of George Maynard, commander, James Morris Post 145, Westport, Mass. This past year he increased membership by 50-plus, not count- OF THE MONTH ing those he encouraged to join the Auxiliary. A tireless bundle of "can-do," Maynard helped sponsor a flag etiquette pro- gram; distributed cheese and butter to the needy; attended funerals of Legionnaires and their families; visited veterans and post members in the hospi- tal; collected goods and worked yard sales to raise funds to repair the post home; helped the Auxiliary with its projects; collected $1,295 for a town Vietnam memorial plaque; and collected $1,200 to buy gifts for the handicapped to be distributed at Christmas. Thanks to Maynard the post kitchen has new counters, a gas cooking stove, refrigerator, soft drink machine and gas heating stove. Maynard bought three flags and donated them to local schools. He spends many hours collecting books and clothing for two hospitals. He's missed only one post meeting in the past four years. Maynard humbly credits the Legion and his fellow post members for the success of these projects.

Increasing Membership by 100 Members every year, Thomas Cope has helped his King Beasley Post 4, Forrest City, Ark., to maintain its steady 400 membership. Cope, the worker-bee adjutant, was named Arkansas' "Blue Cap Legionnaire of the Year" for 1984. He has served as post adjutant for more than 30 years. He works countless hours to support child welfare in his county and provides transportation to VA hospitals for veterans. Robert P. "Pat" McCreery He is the service officer for his post and has 2,500 cases on file. P. McCreery has made a Robertcareer out of love of country. 'Veteran Of The Year' for Alabama, Charles P. Hayes, Al- A cattle rancher in Gillette, berta City Post 123, Tuscaloosa, continues a dynamic career that hasn't Wyo., McCreery was 16 when stopped. Hayes has been active in the Legion for 40 years and has held every he joined the Wyoming Na- office in his post, including two years as commander. He's served on every tional Guard in 1932. He later district-level committee and has been vice commander and commander. He served in the Marines and in WWII served on several department-level committees and was department commander served in the Navy in the Pacific. A in 1969-70. His additional department assignments include four years on the Legionnaire for 39 years, McCreery baseball committee, three oratorical committee, seven years as vice years on the was a member of the Guard when it chairman of the education committee and scholarship committee, and 23 years as was activated during the Berlin crisis assistant director of boys state and its director for one year. He has served on in 1961. the National Americanism Commission since 1979 and for the past three years His service to country and commu- has served on the national Youth Activities Sub-Committee of the Americanism nity continues today at Gillette Post Commission. 42, where he's been chaplain 12 years. He's also been department chaplain Ohio Legionnaires Raised $212,000 through four years, department commander in their "Gifts for Yanks" program to provide equipment and services for hos- 1979-80, and is in his second term as a pitalized veterans throughout the Buckeye state. Sylvia Landin, 77, has been member of the National Security supporting Legion activities for more than 30 years through her hand-made Commission. In Gillette, he's served as wreaths for the Gene Gisalson Post, Washington Island, Wis. Post 3 in a county commissioner, a school board Flagstaff, Ariz., rates special kudos for helping an out-of-state Legionnaire in- and draft board member and, in the volved in an automobile accident. Art Clark, life member of Marsch-Kellogg late 1970s, served on a board that Post 139, Milford, Pa., built a life-size Army tank that he drives in local developed the system that provided parades to promote Legion membership. Gillette its first pure drinking water. Kubik-Finch Post 142, Traer, Iowa, donated $35,000 to a local athletic For the past 10 years, McCreery has complex for lighting for two baseball diamonds. Euclid Post 343, Euclid, Ohio, been a member of the Gillette hospital has raised the American flag before the opening of all Euclid High School foot- board and is its chairman. As a member ball games for the past 25 years. Legionnaires of Dudley-Gendron Post 141, of that board, he helped spearhead the Sutton, Mass., raised $16,000 and bought a van for its local council on aging. construction of a 132-bed hospital. McCreery and a friend wrote a flag his- Editor's Note: Beginning with this column, The American Legion Maga- tory program for Veterans Day 1972, It presented zine will highlight the outstanding contributions of as many Legionnaires "The Story of Taps." was at and posts as possible each month. We invite your submissions -P.O. Box the conclusion of the Post Everlasting 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Ceremony at the 66th National Con- vention in Salt Lake City.

JANUARY 1985 35 POST OF THE MONTH

Newell, Iowa Post 193 Winning Post Is Hub of Community

WOULD be hard to imagine a income for the post's upkeep and to when a larger-than-normal crowd is community in which an American help support post community projects. expected. Last fall, the Iowa Depart- ITLegion Post has had more impact The donated land is rented and farmed ment's Ninth District meetings were than in Newell, Iowa, a town with by Iowa State University. at Post 193, the first time that's hap- a population of 927. Much of the post's income is given pened in 25 years, said Galbraith, also In the heart of Iowa's "Tall back to the community in the form of a Buena Vista county commander. Corn" Ninth District, where every donations to the community swimming Post members donate volunteer sixth resident is a member of Newell pool, baseball diamond, nine-hole golf services at the local Good Samaritan Post 193, the 170 post members make course and Newell Volunteer Fire and Home and at the county hospital, 35 up a powerful corps of post and Buena Ambulance Department. The post also miles from Newell. The post also pro- Vista County leaders and volunteers. vides a 26-member color guard and a Three of the six town councilmen firing squad, both in full uniform. The are post members, including David A. "It's a magnet post It color guard raises the flag at all home Wiley, post commander, as well as football games at Newell-Providence numerous county and civic leaders, does so much that High School. Since 1976, a Memorial said Post Membership of Flags" has been set Chairman everybody wants to Day "Avenue Lloyd F. Galbraith. up in Newell by post members. The This degree of participation and join and participate" Merle Hines family donated to the leadership has been appreciated by post a plot of ground in town where a other town residents, and they show flag is raised every day in tribute to their appreciation. For instance, the sponsors a Boy Scout troop and Cub veterans. The flag pole was donated George Allee family donated a plot of Scout pack and awards a $250 scholar- by the town in memory of Orville B. land to the post in honor of Allee's ship each year to a local student. Rogers, for 25 years the mayor grandfather, a Civil War veteran. The The recently renovated post home, of Newell. post and community raised over one of the largest buildings in Newell, The post also puts on chili and oyster $50,000 to build the two-and-one-half is a community focal point where suppers, hosts an annual free pancake story post home. Allee also donated senior citizens meet twice a month. and sausage breakfast for everyone in 128 acres of farm land to provide an The local VFW also uses the post for town, and sponsors an annual open its meetings, and town and area resi- golf tournament. The post's Auxiliary TOWN LEADERS — Newell Post mem- dents have used it for weddings and uses a storeroom in the post home bers lead the community's Memorial Day anniversaries. The post auditorium is where hospital equipment is kept and services with a flag ceremony. used for some town council meetings loaned free to any area resident re- cuperating from an illness or injury. Post 193 has won consecutive "all- time-high" membership awards the past seven years. "And we're working on number eight," Galbraith said. A. J. Hill, the chairman of the board of a local bank and an active member, said the post "stands as an example of law and order, good citizenship and above all, loyalty to our government." Added his son, a WWII veteran, "The post has been a cohesive force in Newell with all members working together in the improvement of our community." Dept. Adj. James Quinlan said, "That post is definitely a magnet post. They do so many things so well that people throughout that area want to join it and get in on the activity. It's definitely a winning post. It fulfills every duty and obligation of an Amer- ican Legion post from service to the needy and disabled veteran to a very active force of community leaders and volunteers."

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE - .

AMERICAN LEGION JACKETS

A. SATIN ATHLETIC JACKET. Highly polished satin weave 100% nylon with tricot fleece lining. Royal Blue with Royal/Gold collar, cuffs and waistband. Full snap front, laydown collar and deep slash pockets. XXL add $4. No. 70480 $36.95

B. "AMERICAN LEGION" SLEEVES. Navy blue nylon flannel lined jacket with gold, white and navy woven inserts in sleeves. Snap front, elastic cuffs and drawstring bottom. XXL and XXXL available at $4 extra. No. 70422 $37.95

SHIPPING AND INSURANCE Add to ALL Orders C. SHERPA LINED JACKET. Heavily lined Oxford Nylon. For those Up to $5.00 $1.50 COLD days. Add $5 for XXL and XXXL. $5.01 to $15.00 $2.50 $15.01 to $30.00 $3.00 No. 70283 Royal Blue $36.95 $30.01 to $50.00 $4.00 $50.01 & Over $5.00

D. ROYAL BLUEJACKET. Heavy oxford nylon with polyfibre quilted PRICES GOOD THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1985 jacket lining. Set in sleeves. Knit collar and cuffs with gold trim. This ORDER FROM: National Emblem Sales, DepL CA cannot be lettered. Add $5 for XXL. The American Legion, P.O. Box 1050, Indianapolis, IN 46208 No. 70278 $39.95 '~1

Mastercard Enclosed is $ . or; Charge my VISA E. BOMBADIER JACKET. Heavy nylon waist length jacket with fur- like collar, knit cuffs, and bottom, combination slash and snap pockets, Card No Expires zip shoulder pencil pocket, and durable metal zipper closure. Quilted Please ShipL Size:. Style- nylon lining. Add $6 for XXL. No. 70226 $53.95 Name

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where indicated. City . State- Zip- PROFILES IN 5ERVICE

National Legislative Commission

Lobbying for America's Veterans

he principal party we rep- to be at the center of debate and for the extension of legislation aiding f|^^J" resent is the nation's vet- decision-making on numerous issues of disabled veterans and veterans of erans community and our national significance. Vietnam and Korea in job-seeking, the platform is the well being At the National Convention in Salt establishment of a National Family of America." That's how Lake last year, the members of the Week, assistance to families of chil- American Legion National dren with catastrophic illnesses, legis- Legislative Commission Chairman lation to reform current immigration Gary W. Sammons described the work 'Through a 'policies, policy, and funding to promote politi- of the commission he has chaired for not polities' approach, cal stability in Central America. over two years. All of these positions, , said Sam- "But the diverse membership of the the Legion strives mons, are determined by the members Legion means there is a diverse array of the Legion through their writing of issues of concern to our members. for action in the and adoption of resolutions at the dis- From our initial lobbying efforts in the nation's interest" trict and department levels and finally '20s on behalf of WWI veterans, to our by adoption at national conventions. writing and steering through Congress "This Commission takes its march- of the G.I. Bill, to our calls today for Legion put forth the goals of the ing orders from the members who an answer to the Agent Orange puz- organization in the form of 165 resolu- adopt resolutions," he said. He added zle, the Legion's voice before Con- tions, 144 of them requiring congres- that the staff of the Legislative Divi- gress has been reasoned and rational. sional action. Among those are a call sion will be kept busy in the coming And since the Legion's founding, this commission has been the spearhead at which the legislative efforts of Legionnaires come together," said Sammons, a high school teacher in Ecorse, Mich., and a former Marine who served in Vietnam. Sammons continued, "Teddy Roosevelt Jr., a Legion founder and one of the best known young Republi- cans of his day, said the Legion would be concerned with 'policies, not poli- tics' when the organization was founded. His counterpart, Bennett Clark, at that time the best known young Democrat in the country and the son of a former Speaker of the House, agreed. The Legion is dedi- cated to the nation's welfare in the broadest possible sense, an approach that transcends political philosophy or party affiliation. For example, we may seek the support of a congressional member who advocates strong na- tional defense, but that same person may oppose us on funding for child nu- trition programs." Although this "policies, not politics" approach has guided the organization's legislative efforts for more than 60 years, there have been a few unsuc- cessful attempts to officially endorse political candidates. Partially as a result of its remaining nonpolitical, "NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED"— Sammons reports on mandates during the the Legion has consistently been able NEC fall meetings at National Headquarters In Indianapolis.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE professional staff. The work of the committee and Congress is greatly enhanced by their efforts." That kind of respect isn't new. The late FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover once said of the Legion, "No other lay organ- ization has done more for law and order, national security and the moral health of the nation than the Legion." That perception of the Legion isn't held only by national leaders. Elmo Roper, the famous public opinion re- searcher, ran a public opinion poll on the unique character of the Legion among the nation's lobbying groups. He asked Americans to name which nonpolitical TEAMWORK— Careful planning by Sammons and Phil Riggin, division director, pro- group they felt had the most duces desired results on a diverse array of veterans' Issues. trustworthy political judgment. At the top of the heap was the Legion, followed Congress, appearing more than 100 Chairman and Legionnaire G. V. by local church leaders, the League of times before some two dozen congres- "Sonny" Montgomery is used to hear- Women Voters and other groups. "The sional committees. ing the voice of the Legion. "The Legion," Roper wrote, "has an almost The Legion, which has no political Legion has been instrumental in mak- equal appeal among business, labor and action committee because of its char- ing certain that our veterans and their white collar groups as a potential source ter and because of the breadth of its families are given a fair shake," said of good judgment." concerns, is recognized on Capitol Hill Montgomery, a Mississippi Democrat. "And therein lies our strength," as a voice of mainstream America. "The Legion has strong national lead- added Sammons. "The total of our na- "The real power," explained Sam- tional influence and prestige is the mons, "ultimately lies with the people. sum of our individual efforts in each Today's communications age has added "No other lay community and state. Your senators new meaning to the term 'public opin- and congressmen, knowing you served ion.' Public opinion does influence de- organization has in uniform and knowing you continue cision making on Capitol Hill, but only done more for law to serve in the places where you live, if voters realize that their responsibil- respect your opinions. They know you ity does not end when they leave vot- and order, national are concerned, caring citizens who ing booths. If they communicate with security the enthusiastically volunteer for the bet- their elected representatives, then and terment of your communities. they possess a potentially awesome moral health of the "The Legislative Commission must amount of power." rely upon a membership that is in- The Legion, which legitimately nation than The formed and involved, and experience claims more than 2 million people who American Legion" has clearly shown that the success of our regularly exercise their voting staff efforts on Capitol Hill is closely privilege, expresses its opinion to Con- tied to that involvement," he continued. gress through personal meetings, let- ers, an industrious and vocal legislative "As it is in so many other ways in ters and petitions. Its influence in state staff in Washington and a membership this organization, the membership legislatures is also dramatic, a situation representing a broad cross-section of holds the key to success. Congress that offers an even greater opportunity America. With that kind of input into must continue to understand that we, for personal contact. In fact, many our legislative program, input from an as a grassroots group, are prepared to Legion leaders are speaking to fellow organization that stays on top of the actively promote our positions on na- Legionnaires when they meet with concerns of our veterans and their tional issues. As long as the member- their elected representatives. Of the needs, how could we help but be suc- ship of The American Legion is willing 100 senators in the 98th Congress, 57 cessful? The veterans of this nation to communicate with the nation's were Legionnaires, and among the are fortunate to have their concerns elected leadership in Washington, members of the House of Representa- expressed in Washington by this most Americans, not only veterans, tives, 140 were Legionnaires. group of dedicated volunteers on the will benefit from our national and local House Veterans Affairs Committee Legislative Commission and their legislative efforts."

JANUARY 1985 39 1

OUTFIT REUNIONS

Vernon Clark, 437 W. Center St., Waldron, Ml 49288 Karg, 834 SW 125th, Seattle, WA 98146 (206) (517) 286-6394 244-9938 Army 305th Engrs., Post 40, 80th Dlv. AEF & ETO (Apr- "B" Btry., 777th AAA AW Bn. (July-Springfield, MO) Canton, OH) Joseph Fecskovics, 7A William St., Chester Frank, Lake View, IA 51450 (712) 657-2727 2nd Chemical Mortar Bn. (June-Hershey, PA) Clarence Jamesburg, NJ 08831 (201) 521-3198 "B" Co., 116th Combat Engr., 41st Dlv. (Sept-Alliance, Jefferies, 1314A E. Derry Rd., Hershey, PA 17033 322nd Med. Bn. (Aug-San Francisco) Joe Meneghelli, NE) O. J. McMasters, 601 Big Horn Ave., Alliance, NE (717) 534-1448 616 38th St., Richmond, CA 94805 (415) 234-2208 69301 (308) 762-3455 Sth U.S. Inf. Regt. Assn. RCT (July-Portland, ME) Hollis 328th F.A., 85th Dlv. (WWII) (July-Long Island, NY) "B" Co., 634th Tank Destroyer Bn. (Sept-Boone, IA) Lorlng, 121 Gorham Rd., Scarborough, ME 04074 John Regan, 29 Aberdeen St., Newton Highlands, MA Myron Piper, 1718 Country Club PI., Marshalltown, IA (207) 883-4914 02161 50158 (515) 752-5228 7th Inf. Dlv. Assn. (June-Monterey, CA) Louis Wise Jr., 398th Army Serv. Force Band (Guadalcanal, "B" Co., 785th MP Bn. (July-Opelika, AL) Millard White, 3001 Richmond Ave., Mattoon, IL 61938 (217) Phlllpplnes-WWII) (June-Salt Lake City) Carling 711 Columbus St., Dadeville, AL 36853 (205) 234-6534 Childs, 1201 N. Raymond Ave., Fullerton, CA 92631 825-4402 8th F.A. Observ. Bn. (May-Oklahoma City) Vondel (714) 871-1419 "C" Co., 3rd Bn., 22nd Inf. 4th Dlv. (Vletnam-1966-67) Smith, Box 19267, Oklahoma City, OK 73144 (405) 400th AFA Bn. (Sept-Louisville, KY) Douglas Keach, (July-Sante Fe, NM) John Stelzer, Rt. 2, Box 44, 634-1439 2922 Smallhouse Rd., Bowling Green, KY 42101 Rosalia, WA 99170 (509) 569-3442 13th Arm'd Dlv., Dlv. Hqtrs. (May-Evansville, IN) D. K. (502) 843-6251 "D" Co., 67th Arm'd Regt., 2nd Arm'd Dlv. (May- Dressback, 5207 Monroe Ave., Evansville, IN 47715 405th Inf. Regt. (May-Dearborn, Ml) Robert Day, 802 Tampa, FL) Leo Cauzillo, 8900 Gale Rd., Pontiac, Ml (812) 477-2396 Court St., Saginaw, Ml 48602 (517) 793-6131 48054 (313) 666-1660 14th Field Hospital (June-Minneapolis) Paul Seaborg, 438th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) (May-Cleveland) Sidney ."E" Btry., 217th CA. (AA) (June-Crookston, MN) Curt 6441 14th Ave. So., Minneapolis, MN 55423 (612) Snyder, 36 Captain Rd., Long, MA 01106 (413) Hendrickson, 602 S. Washington Ave., Crookston, 866-7066 567-8859 MN 56716 (218) 281-2293 23rd Gen., 53rd Station Hospitals (July-Columbus, NE) 448th AAA AW Bn. (June-Columbus, OH) Ike Kendall, "E" Co., 167th Inf., 31st Dlv. (May-Guntersville, AL) Charles Sand Sr., 3321 Breakwater PI., Columbus, Box 448, Silver Lake, IN 46982 (219) 352-2864 Jesse Swords, Rt. 1, Guntersville, AL 35976 (205) NE 68601 (402) 564-6792 452nd QM Co. (May-Grand Rapids, Ml) Frank Johnson, 582-8159 30th Spec. Serv. Co. (May-Philadelphia) William 6500 State Rd., Orleans, Ml 48865 (616) 761-3431 "E" Co., 386th Inf. Regt., 97th Dlv. (May-Las Vegas, Hunter, 104 Walnut St., King Manor, King of Prussia, 475th AAA AW Bn. (June-Bloomsburg, PA) Lynwood NV) Harry Emerson, 400 N. Lake Park, Y6E, Hobart, PA 19406 (215) 275-1235 O'Brecht, 2620 Tower Rd., Bloomsburg, PA 17815 IN 46342 (219) 947-1268 31st, 241st (C) Engr. Bns. (WWII) (July-Little Falls, NY) (717) 784-0786 "F" Co., 159th Inf. (Sept-Kansas City, MO) Irv Schmidt, Gerald Stone, 507 Lake St., Herkimer, NY 13350 (315) 479th Amph. Truck Co. (July-West Bedford, OH) 355 Chateau Dr., La Porte, IN 46350 (219) 326-6773 866-5447 William Dobson, 21391 CR 3, Warsaw, OH 43844 "H" Co., 135th Inf. Regt., 34th Dlv. (WWII) (Sept- 43rd Inf. Dlv. (43rd, 143rd Tank Bns., Hqs., A,B,C, H&S (614) 327-2511 Rochester, MN) Don Oliphant, 717 9th St. SW, Cos., Spec. Trps.), 169th Inf. Regt., Cannon, Tank 513th AAA Bn. (WWII) (June-Nashville, TN) James Rochester, MN 55902 (507) 289-3282 Cos., 191st Tank Bn., D Co., 102nd Inf. Regt., Tank Robinette, Box 8, Duck River, TN 38454 (615) "HQ & HQ" Btry., 384th F.A. Bn., 103rd Inf. Dlv. (May- Co. (May-Niantic, CT) Joseph Beninato, 22 Marshall 379-0370 Dubuque, IA) Jack Dedolph, 219 Park Ln., Clinton- Rd., Enfield, CT 06082 (203) 745-8298 542nd Parachute Inf. & ABN Command (May-Phoenix, ville, Wl 54929 (715) 823-3444 60th Troop Carrier Grp. (WWII) (June-King of Prussia, AZ) John Grady, Box 542, Malabar, FL 32950 (305) "SV" Co., 152nd Inf., 38th Dlv. (June-New Haven, IN) PA) John Diamantakos, 7216 Pine Tree Ln., Fairfield, 723-7660 Donald Parker, 1617 N. Highland Dr., Ft. Wayne, IN AL 35064 (205) 923-2323 568th AAA Bn. (July-Philadelphia) James Coulter, 16 46808 62nd Arm'd F.A. Bn. Assn. (July-El Paso, TX) Ted Hes- W. Glen Cir., Media, PA 19063 (215) 566-2351 Canadian Women's Army Corps (June-Windsor, On- ter, 901 West Ave. F., Lovlngton, NM 88260 (505) 593rd JASCO (Aug-Dearborn, Ml) Frank Hoffman, 1743 tario, Canada) Margaret Jobin, 1714 Labadie Rd., 396-4350 Lyon St., Port Huron, Ml 48060 (313) 987-9199 Windsor, Ontario, Canada N8Y 4H5 (519) 945-8987 99th Inf. Dlv. Assn. (July-Milwaukee) Byron Rousseau, 632nd L.E. Engrs. (June-Clairon, PA) George Dawson, General MacArthur Honor Guard Assn. (1945-51) 1400 Dousman St., Green Bay, Wl 54303 (414) 1901 Poole Ln„ McLean, VA 22101 (703) 893-5772 (Aug-Norfolk, VA) Robert Marko, Box 185, Ambia, IN 494-4429 727th Amph. Tractor Bn. (July-Blue Springs, MO) 47917 (317) 869-5924 103rd Dlv., 410th Inf., 2nd Bn. (June-Milwaukee) Stayton Parr, 520 Walnut St., Blue Springs, MO Officers of the 1st Dlv. (Apr-Washington) Col. Lyn Cini, Michael Egan, 1331 S. 120th, West Allis, Wl 53214 64015 (816) 228-5059 8550 Newington Forest Ct., Springfield, VA 22153 (414) 453-3268 748th Railroad Oper. Bn. (Sept-Alsip, IL) Louis (202) 693-0218 110th Engr. Combat Bn. (Overseas) (June-Overland Tauberschmidt, 9300 S. 49th Ct., Oak Lawn, IL 60453 O'Reilly General Hospital (Aug-Springfield, MO) Park, KS) Bill Hodges, 6706 Floyd, Overland Park, KS (312) 422-7700 Archie Klegseth, 106 Grove, Chatfield, MN 55923 66204 (913) 432-0500 744th Railway Oper. Bn. (June-Green Bay, Wl) Don (507) 867-4845 121st Inf. Regt. Assn. (May-Macon, GA) James Brake, Hoff, 421 N. Main St., Seymour, Wl 54165 (414) Society of the 89th Dlv. (WWII) (Sept-Colorado 1069 Mimosa Dr., Macon, GA 31204 (912) 742-0054 833-6095 Springs, CO) Larry Berg, 3101 Breckeridge Dr. W 141st F.A. (Wash. Arty. Vets Assn.) (May-El Paso, TX) 749th Railroad Oper. Bn. (July-Columbus, OH) Donald Colorado Springs, CO 80906 Russell Mayeur, Box 280, Arabl, LA 70032 (504) Gothard, 4173 Dixie Ct., Columbus, OH 43228 (614) US Army Med. Command (Japan), US Army Hosp., 271-6610 279-3026 Camp (Zama) (June-Las Vegas, NV) Arch Telgren, 155th Airborne Antl- Aircraft Bn., 17th Airborne Dlv. 801st Engr. AVN Bn. (Aug-Dayton, OH) William 1023 Forest St., Brookings, SD 57006 (605) 692-6692 (May-Gettysburg, PA) Wilbur Metcalf, 911 Woodland Rlckard, Rt. 2, Box 33, Lock Haven, PA 17745 Dr., Lemoyne, PA 17043 (717) 737-7934 (717) 748-5428 156th Inf., 31st Dlv. (WWII) (May-Lake Charles, LA) 803rd Tank Destroyer Bn. (May-Reno, NV) Louis Navy Evan Janlse, Rt. 1, Box 300, Ragley, LA 70657 (318) Frinchi, 5315 104th St. SW, Tacoma, WA 98499 855-7314 (206) 584-1169 162nd Slg. Photo Co. (WWII) (May-Little Rock, AR) G. 805th AVN Engr. Bn. (Feb-Daytona Beach, FL) Harry 46th NCB (WWII) (May-Hot Springs, AR) W. L. Arnold, E. McDonald, Box 516, Holly Grove, AR 72069 (501) Keaton, Rt. 1, Box 37, Crescent City, FL 32012 (904) 933 S. 68th Ln., Fort Smith, AR 72903 (501) 452-8820 462-8222 698-221 67th Seabees (June-Baton Rouge, LA) Lucien Pigott, 172nd, 941st F.A. Bns., 774th T.D. Bn. (Aug- 807th Tank Destroyer Bn. (July-Portland, OR) Harold Box 187, Springfield, LA 70462 (5041.294-5156 Manchester, NH) Joseph Proulx, 300 Candia Rd., Trenkel, Rt. 1, Box 262, Ontario, OR 97914 (503) Bomb. Sq. 85, USS Shangrl La (June-Cape May, NJ) Manchester, NH 03103 (603) 625-6789 889-6045 James Laclna, 910 W. 86th St., Downers Grove, IL 187th Airborne Regt. Combat Team (July-Hartford, CT) 814th T.D. Bn. (June-Savannah, MO) Carroll Christmas, 60516 (312) 985-9317 David Carr, Box 2666, Rt. 2, Shelburne, VT 05482 106 S. 9th, Savannah, MO 64485 (816) 324-4100 Comm. Unit 41, Admiralty Is. (Oct-San Diego) Charles (802) 485-8738 982nd Ordnance Co. (July-Chattanooga, TN) Ralph Littlehale, Box 1143, Julian, CA 92036 (619) 765-1419 203rd Gen. Hospital (Aug -Billings. MT) George Knut- Hammontree, 113 Passons Rd., Chattanooga, TN DES RON 8 (USS Walnwrlght DD419, Buck DD420, son, 2512 Beartooth & Poly Dr., Billings, MT 59102 37415 (615) 877-1027 Mayrant DD402, Trlppe DD403, Rhlnd DD404, (406) 656-3622 1896th Engr. AVN Bn. (June-Indianapolis) Victor Rowan DD405, Bristol DD453-WWII) (June- 203rd Inf. Bn. Sep.-ATTU (Aug-Sunrise Beach, MO) Lechowicz, 719 Taylor Ave., Avalon, PA 15202 (412) Bloomington, IN) Lee Craig, 520 Slack Dr., Anderson, Hans Ostlund, Box 459 Sunrise Beach, MO 65079 761-7592 IN 46013 (317) 643-9502 (314) 374-6421 3169th Signal Bn. (DF-2) (Oct-New Orleans) A. G. Farfan Radio (Canal Zone-1947-52) (Aug-lndianapolis) 224th General Hospital (WWII) (July-Long Beach, CA) Marquardt, 1153 Ivyton St., Lancaster, CA 93534 Mike Mltzel, 5181 Laurel Hall Dr., Indianapolis, IN Barbara Dunn, 3820 3rd Ave., Apt 1, San Diego, CA (805) 942-3757 46226 (317) 547-7692 92103 (619) 299-0853 3469th Ord. (Australia, New Gulnea-1 942-45) (July- Navy 3115 (Cub 10-AII units) (June-East Liverpool, OH) 233rd Engr. (C) Bn. (Oct-Green Bay, Wl) Edwin Neveu. Baton Rouge, LA) Allen Landry, 627 Gladiolus St., John Call, 1250 Sunnyside Ave., East Liverpool, OH 601 Terravlew Dr., Green Bay, Wl 54301 (414) Port Allen, LA 70767 (504) 387-3081 43920 (216) 385-1112 336-0352 "A" Btry., 311th F.A. Bn., 79th Dlv. (WWII) (June- Navy Mall Serv. Vets Assn. (Sept-Phoenix, AZ) 255th F.A. Bn. (Aug-lndlanapolls) Marvin George, 44 N. Lewistown, IL) Russell Rhodes, 325 West Ave. G, Box Patricia Hamilton, 5501 Seminary Rd., #1109S, Jackson Ave. E2, San Jose, CA 95116 (408) 259-4927 254, Lewlstown, IL 61542 (309) 547-2765 Falls Church, VA 22041 (703) 845-5428 277th Port Co., 503rd Port Bn. (WWII) (June-Atlantic B-Z Wacs (Sec. D, 2509th AAFBU, Big Spring, TX- Spec. Services, USNTC (Balnbrldge, MD-Football, City, NJ) Don Andrew, 13 Avon Ct., Turnersville, NJ WWII) (June-San Diego) Mary Cameron, 419 Short 1950s) (May-North Hampton, PA) Ed Klmak, Rt. 4, 08012 (609) 227-3766 Beach Rd., East Haven, CT 06512 (203) 467-5736 Box 215, North Hampton, PA 18067 (215) 262-7638 289th Inf., 75th Dlv. Cannon Co. (July-Valley Forge, PA) "B" Btry., 188th F.A. Bn. (WWII) (July-Seattle) Richard US Navy LCT's of Flotilla #5 (New Gulnea-1943-44)

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE (May-Maryville, MO) Mrs. L George, 215 W. 12th, #1, USS Rfnehart DE 196 (June-Cleveland) F. E. Hixson, 254, Eagle Harbor, Ml 49951 (906) 289-4440 Maryville, MO 64468 Rt. 1, Box 50, Hopwood, PA 15445 (412) 439-8315 First Radio Sq. (June-Dayton, OH) Horace Moore, Box VF 13 Ftr. Sq. (May-Pensacola, FL) John Langford, 175 USS Rotanin AK 108 (June-Minot, ND) Bob Temanson, 736, Rosebud, TX 76570 (817) 583-4300 Hwy. A-1-A, #310, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 (305) 2304 Academy Rd., Minot, ND 58701 (701) 338-1244 Stalag 17B (May-Clearwater, FL) Fred DeRolf, 808 Tus- 777-3974 USS Salt Lake City CA 25 (1929-47) (Sept-San Diego) kawilla St., Clearwater, FL 33516 (813) 447-3600 USS Adm. W.S. Benson AP 120 (July-Niagara Falls, Syd Foster, 4433 Albatross Way, Oceanside, CA NY) Donald Ackerman, Box 99, Bolivar, OH 44612 92056 (619) 439-3777 (216) 874-3117 USS Shannon DML 25/DD 737 (May-Nashville TN) Ray USS Alabama Crewmen Assn. (Apr-Mobile, AL) John Shiel Sr., Box 514A, Kennebunkport, ME 04046 (401) Coast Guard Brown, Box 501, Keller, TX 76248 (817) 431-2424 942-7997 USS Barnett (Barney Maru) (June-Houston) Rex Baker USS South Dakota BB 57 (Nat'l Reunion) (July) Ray USS Hurst DE 250 (Aug-Orlando, FL) Richard Votapka, Jr., 2200 Willowick, 6E, Houston, TX 77027 (713) Kanoff, 1210 N. 12th St., Norfolk, NE 68701 (402) 5875 24th St., Vero Beach, FL 32960 (305) 562-1420 654-8111 371-0242 USS Merrill DE 392 (Aug-Orlando, FL) USS Merrill Re- USS Belle Grove LSD 2 (July-Milwaukee) Joe Bledsoe, USS Stephen Potter DD 538 (Sept-St. Louis) Donald union, Box 681, Enka, NC 28728 194 Pinegrove Dr., Bellbrook, OH 45305 (513) Huston, 19202 20th NW, Seattle, WA 98177 (206) USS Wakefield (June-So. Egremont, MA) Carmine 848-2855 542-3495 Ciampa, 21 Briggs St., Melrose, MA 02176 (617) USS Bradford DD 545 (Oct-Madison, Wl) Frank USS Vesuvius AE 15, USS Duluth LPD 6 (Aug- 665-7869 Anderson, 6609 Regis Rd., Madison, Wl 53711 Chicago) Harold Clyman, 213 Chicory Ct., Buffalo (608) 271-1838 Grove, IL 60090 USS Chandeleur AV 10 (July-San Antonio, TX) Mrs. K. USS Vlncennes Assn. (Aug-Vincennes, IN) Guy Air Force Boyd, Rt. 4, Box 145, Culpeper, VA 22701 (703) 854- Jacobs, 5138 Terrace Dr., Baltimore, MD 21236 (301) 5076 665-8710 5th Sq., 52nd Ftr. Grp. (July-Fairborn, OH) Joe Myers, USS Columbia CL 56 (May) Fred Hickman, 3038 USS Wadsworth DD 516 (Aug-Williamsburg, VA) Rt. 1, Box 303, Ramsey, IL 62080 (618) 423-2597 Sedgefield Rd., Roanoke, VA 24015 (703) 989-8696 Richard Lowe, Rt. 2, Box 200, St. Elmo, IL 62458 15th Recon. Tech. Sq. (March AFB-1952-56) (July- USS Crane DD 109 (Feb-San Diego) Jack Wagner, 1563 (618) 829-5564 Riverside, CA) John Pate, 8314 Alameda, No. C, Oleander Ln., San Diego, CA 92011 (619) 421-8535 USS West Point Assn. (July-Charleston, SC) John Downey, CA 90242 (213) 869-2603 USS E-L.S.M. 446 (May-Norfolk, VA) Ronald Neal, 16 Daniel, 3728 S. Fuller, Independence, MO 64052 43E Pilots Class (Gulf Coast Trng.-WWII) (May-Denver) 25th St. NW, Barberton, OH 44203 (216) 825-8889 (816) 252-3822 K. C. Growe, 508 S. Ogden Dr., Los Angeles, CA USS Galveston CLG 3 (June-Philadelphia) Morris USS Woolsey DD 437 (May-Cincinnati) Tony Torres, 90036 (213) 931-8835 Butcher, 4754 Bill Knight Ave., Millington, TN 38053 13710 Capiz Ct„ Whittier, CA 90601 (213) 693-8023 43rd MR & R Sq., 9th A.F. (May-Reading, PA) Gordon (901) 872-4071 USS Zellln APA 3 (May-San Diego) Thomas Hoffman, Lindeblad, 6 Windermere, Bella Vista, AR 72714 (501) USS Hansford APA 106 (June-San Francisco) Billy 35444 Ave. H, Yucaipa, CA 92399 795-5318 (714) 855-1034 Barnett, 1746 Trenton Ave., Bremerton, WA 98310 60th Aer. Del. (Travis AFB-1 966-67) (May-Webster, NY) (206) 377-4107 Ron Gentle, 1 Linda Ln., Webster, NY 14580 (716) USS Idaho BB 42 (Aug-Burley, ID) David Graham, Box Marines 872-6314 11247, San Diego, CA 92111 (619) 271-6106 308th Signal Co. (Wing) (Oct-Branson, MO) Fray USS James O'Hara APA 90 (July) Ebert Engstrom, 2nd Bn., 5th Marines E Co. (67-68) (May-Washington) Hi II house, 2230 S. Kings, Springfield, MO 65807 7684 Appleton Ave., Belvidere, IL 61008 Tom McLaughlin, 1129 N. Broad St., Mankato, MN (417) 881-1774 USS John D. Henley DD 553 (Mar-Atlanta) William 56001 (507) 388-7647 313th Troop Carrier Sq., 349th T.C. Grp. (WWII) Nierman, 635 Lake Rd., Covington, GA 30209 (404) Honolulu NAS (Marine GD Det„ Keehee Lagoon Mon- (Sept-Akron, Earl Cunningham, 2509 Maltland 787-5064 OH) goose Flat-1944-45) (Aug-Vero Beach, FL) A. Jerden, Ave., Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223 (216) 928-1833 USS Kershaw APA 176 (June-New York) Dr. R. W. 694 E. Thrush Clr., Barefoot Bay, FL 32958 (305) 330th Bomb Grp. VH, 20th A.F. (Sept-Dayton, OH) Pruden, 630 5th Ave., Ste. 1853, New York, NY 10111 388-0329 Robert Woliver, 8704 Point West Dr., Austin, TX (212) 765-7469 Japanese Language School (June-Crawfordsvllle, AR) 78759 (512) 345-4804 USS Klmberly DD 521 (July-Chicago) Arthur Forster, William Howe, Box 364, Crawfordsvllle, AR 72327 356th Serv. Sq., 342nd Atchem Engr. (Oct-Wichita, KS) 2312 Nela Ave., Orlando, FL 32809 (305) 855-5625 (501) 823-5295 Franklin Buseman, Rt. 2, Box 37, Goodell, IA 50439 USS Lake Champlaln, M Dlv. (1953-58) (July- Marine Barracks (Yokosuka, Japan-1945-52) (Mar- (515) 587-2250 Narragansett, Rl) Harry Rich, 7920 Mission Dr., Camp Pendleton, CA) Alan Cole, 354 Zada Ln., Vista, 1132nd QM Co., 2nd Air Dlv., 8th A.F. (Shlpdham & Franklin, Wl 53132 CA 92083 (619) 726-2868 Norwich England) (June-Philadelphia) Thomas Hill, USS Lamberton DMS 2 1940-46 (Sept-New York City) "B" Co., 1st Corp. Tank (Aug-Colorado Springs, CO) 11 School Dr., Doylestown, PA 18901 (215) 348-1672 George Schmelz, 26 Highland Dr., Highland Mills, NY James Hutchinson, Box 246, Holly, CO 81047 (303) 3310th Food Ser. Sq., 3310th AB Grp. (Scott AFB- 10930 (914) 928-2758 537-6882 1948-49) (June-Peorla, IL) Jake Tennant, 814 E. Hlnes USS LCI (G) 442 (June-Des Moines, IA) Arthur Dillon, "I" Co., 3rd Bn., 7th Marines, 1st Marine Dlv. (Apr- Ave., Peoria Hts., IL 61614 (309) 688-3869 1887 Morln Dr., Bay City, Ml 48706 (517) 893-3821 Jacksonville Beach, FL) Gilbert Croll, 218 Egret Ave., Stalag Luft III Ex-POWs (May-Denver) Robert Wein- USS Longshaw DD 559 (May-Kansas City, MO) Leo Naples, FL 33963 (813) 597-5751 berg, 1695 2nd St. Apt. 507, Highland Park, IL 60035 Scott, 512 Woodlawn, Sallna, KS 67401 (913) 432-5972 827-9150 (312) Tow Target Detach. (Panama Canal Zone-1942-43) USS LSM 232 (June-Nashville, TN) Ross Rush, 613 (June-Indianapolis) Robert Friedman, 7736 Stlllwell Graham Dr., IN Army Air Forces Bloomlngton, 47401 (812) 332-4059 Rd., Cincinnati, OH 45237 (513) 761-7546 USS LST (H) 951 (June-Nashville, TN) Don Heuer, Rt. 7, Box 454, Batesvllle, AR 72501 (501) 793-3566 23rd Antl-Submarlne Sq. (June-Tampa, FL) Robert USS Mack DE 358 (Sept) Cyril Kanoza, 811 Sleepy Hol- Parsons, 215 W. Lambrlght St., Tampa, FL 33604 low Rd., Castle Shannon, PA 15234 (412) 344-4298 (813) 239-2026 Miscellaneous USS Mission Bay CVE 59 (Sept-San Francisco) P. E. 29th Bomb Grp., Hqs., 6th, 43rd, 52nd Sqdns. (WWII) McLeary, 1732 Ulloa St., San Francisco, CA 94116 (July-Dayton, OH) Richard Polleys, 1619 Schlrm Dr., American Defenders of Bataan & Corregldor (May- (415) 564-2222 Mlddletown, OH 45042 (513) 423-7205 Albuquerque, NM) Ralph Levenberg, Box 337, Hen- USS Oklahoma Assn. (May-Reno, NV) Clarence 89th Serv. Sq., 305th Serv. Grp. (June-Carlisle, PA) derson, NV 89015 (702) 565-7130 Knight, 7831 Aberdeen Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814 Louis Porto, Rt. 2, Box 355, Bernvllle, PA 19506 (215) Persian Gulf Command Vets Organ. (July-Salt Lake (301) 652-3274 488-1142 City) Karl Wlnsness Jr., 277 Mountain View Dr., Mur- USS Patapsco AOG 1 (Oct-San Francisco) Hank 89th Troop Carrier Grp., 26th, 30th T.C. Sqdns. ray, UT 84107 (801) 262-6103 Dunning, 1070 Harding St., Salinas, CA 93906 (408) (June-Myrtle Beach, SC) Llndo Harvell, 711 Biggs St., South Pacific Vets Assn. (July-Rockport, ME) Al 449-5553 Laurlnburg, NC 28352 (919) 276-2344 Bonney, Box 26, Brunswick, ME 04011 (207) USS Patoka AO 9 (May-French Lick, IN) Clarence 97th Bomb Grp. Assn. (July-Seattle) Clarence 725-6454 Stienlng, 325 7th St., North Vernon, IN 47265 (812) Hammes, 15 Avllla Heights So., Alexander, AR 72002 USN Armed Guard Vets Crew (WWII) (Apr-Norfolk, VA) 346-4306 (501) 794-2615 Charles Lloyd, 5712 Partridge Ln., Raleigh, NC 27609 USS PC 793 Assn. (June-Reno, NV) Joseph Wilkinson, 318th Fighter Grp. (May-Claremont, CA) Arthur Bowen, (919) 872-7115 Box 343, New Florence, PA 15944 (412) 235-9235 984 Casa Vista Dr., Pomona, CA 91768 (714) USS PC 1252 (June-Cherry Hill, NJ) Harold Roesler, 629-1835. 5512 Cedar Ave., Pennsauken, NJ 08109 (609) 924th QM Co. (Boa t- AVN- 1941 -44), 10th AAF Emer. Guidelines 663-5792 Rescue Sq. (1944-45) (Oct-Tempe, AZ) Samuel Reunion Outfit Reunion notices are published for USS Peterson DE 152 (July-Indianapolis) Russell Miller, 606 W. 11th St., Tempe, AZ 85281 (602) Legionnaires only and must be submitted on Jensen, 1324 Stanley Rd., Plainfield, IN 46168 967-3625 official forms. To obtain forms, send a self- (317) 839-2809 1090th Signal Co., Serv. Grp. (June-Augusta, GA) addressed, stamped envelope to: O.R. Form, The USS Raleigh CL 7 (Apr-Raleigh, NC) Andrew Partch, David Kenyon, 2 Hardin Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37412 American Lesion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, In- 259 5th St., Chula Vista, CA 92010 (619) 422-4945 (615) 629-6703 dianapolis, IN 46206. Notices must be received at USS Reno CL 96 (June-St. Louis) Louis Trebino Jr., Army Air Corps BTC (Atlantic City) (Oct-Atlantic City, least seven months before reunions are scheduled 343 Dairy Rd., Auburn, CA 95603 (916) 885-3835 NJ) John Vavrek, 718 Pittsburg h-McKeesport Blvd., and will be published only on a first-come, first- USS Riley DE 579 (July-Norfolk, VA) Eldon Sanders, Dravosburg, PA 15034 (412) 469-1307 served basis. 14715 62nd St., Stillwater, MN 55082 (612) 439-0456 Bombardiers (Apr-Midland, TX) Ned Humphreys, Box

JANUARY 1985 41 . . - m Free Fund Continued Raisins from page 5 Ideas run itself as families and businesses with what's best for the country handle their own spending and buying rather than politicians who are con- Catalog habits. I believe that the more taxes cerned with what's good for them. we pay will only give government Stanley J. Poplawski Each year, Revere Company helps thousands of school, church, civic and more money to spend and give away. Carlstadt, N.J. social groups (just like yours) earn the Sig Lingelbach money they need. Our colorful catalog Oconto Falls, Wis. Yes, I'll pay increased taxes, and contains all of the latest, most lucrative products and programs available to fund cheerfully, when I can see serious in- raisers. You can have a free copy sent While it is easy to criticize our pres- tent by Congress and government de- directly to you simply by calling toll-free or ident and Congress for the economic partments to effect worthwhile mailing this coupon. Order now! nightmare on our hands, we the people economies and to reduce spending. 1-800/528-6050 Ext. 147 must share much of the blame. For Adin B. Wimpey In Ariz. 1-800/352-0458 Ext. 147 years we have pressured our repre- Spring Valley, Calif. sentatives in Washington for a host of To Revere Company Department L66 services and benefits without regard Scranton, PA 18504-0119 to the cost involved. Instead of raising Sounding Taps Please send me Revere s latest Catalog ot taxes to match spending, they have Fund-Raising Ideas found it politically expedient to spend The October 1984 issue of The beyond tax revenues. American Legion Magazine carries Bill Jim Davis a story about "Taps." Covington, Tenn. There is one glaring error, when you indicate that ..." 'Taps' for play- Balancing the budget and reducing ing ..." (emphasis added.). "Taps" is deficits could all be accomplished if we not played; "Taps" is sounded. the voters sent statesmen to the Berman E. Deffenbaugh Jr. AMERICA'S FOREMOST FUND RAISING CONSULTANT House and Senate who are concerned Ex-Buglemaster, U.S. Navy

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So easy to handle subversion and psychological warfare. guide it with you Communism over the years has lost Just ONE HAND! NATO most of whatever appeal it once had. Continued from page 21 The failure of the communist system in the USSR to deal with agricultural and industrial problems, or to improve Soviet adventurism into two other living standards, has been evident to channels of aggression. all the world, painfully so in the coun- One is seeking to undermine the tries of Eastern Europe, but also in West by extending its domination over the developing countries the USSR areas outside that covered by the has been seeking to subvert. NATO treaty. The obligations of the However, this does not stop the treaty are limited to the home ter- Kremlin from using communism as a ritories of its members and the sea and cloak for exploiting poverty and discon- No Footprints! No Wheelmarks! No Struggle! air spaces between them. Soviet ex- tent and seeking to stimulate anti- Tiller users, for heaven's sake, please don't buy in seeks uprisings it nor put up any longer with any other make of pansionism, halted Europe, government wherever sees Tiller without giving yourself a chance to find out targets of opportunity in Asia, Africa an opportunity in the Third World. about our wonderfully different and better kind of and Latin America. Nor have Soviet subversion and Tillers - with POWER DRIVEN WHEELS and with The other channel has to do with psychological warfare been limited by tines in the REAR instead of the FRONT! Please any means to the developing coun- let us send you complete details, prices, "OFF- SEASON" SAVINGS, etc. Mail coupon below now tries. No country, including our own, to TROY-BILT® Roto Tillers, 102nd St. & 9th Ave., Make '25 to '100 per hour is exempt.

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cal, economic and psychological fac- tors. It is an open question whether the Soviet Union has ever con- *'~ JAN. 1- APRIL 30: $350 templated, or contemplates today, the 9 mili- IT* ONE-WEEK VACATION ( 1 OR 2 PEOPLE) conquest of Western Europe by € stay in a lovely furnished garden apartment with tary force. Why should it risk the nu- kitchen, color TV. private patio. clear devastation of its homeland and of golf, plus tennis, Enjoy a complimentary round the collapse of its communist system swimming, bowling, more. to conquer a Europe largely destroyed ONE VISIT WILL CONVINCE YOU in the process, when it can hope to ...Why Sun City West outsells every other adult com- subjugate and control the area by munity in Arizona. $70 MILLION IN LIFESTYLE more subtle means? The conquest of AMENITIES include: Five 18-hole golf courses Europe by intimidation and subversion Southwest's largest private rec center Shopping, is the threat we face today. services, medical care and churches in community < During the 1970s detente became a 7,169-seat performing arts center. popular word. To many people in the ALL-NEW SILVER EDITION HOME SHOW West, it meant hope of achieving Please mail coupon mutually beneficial agreements with with check or monej order to: the USSR and a lessening of the . Phone (_ Del E.Webb danger of war. To the USSR, it meant Development Co. . State .Zip. continuation of Soviet efforts to ex- AH -015

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* Introductory rate for one or two people including sales tax Return visits are $425/wk. Jan. 1-March 31. Visits are $1S0/wk. May 1-Sept 30 something to be desired, but which and$250/wk. Oct. 1-Dec. 31. One guest must be SO or over and no one can be under 19 Continued on page U6

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NATO A CHECK Continued from page UU

can only be achieved when the causes of tension are removed, largely by profound changes in Soviet ambitions, policies and actions. Former Supreme Allied Commander one Gen. Alexander Haig has said that the jus* ofge only way to bring about such changes q "is to make it in the Soviet Union's own interest to make them." Joseph Luns, after 13 years as Sec- retary General of NATO, resigned last June and was replaced by former British Foreign Secretary Lord Car- rington. On his retirement Luns wrote that "Neither carrot nor stick can per- suade any great power to act contrary to what it perceives its vital interests to be, but through dialogue and ex- change its perception of what is vital :l WW*?* for it may be altered." He expressed hope that the USSR would eventually

"YlTs~~~s i r realize that fair and mutually advanta- Here's your geous relations with the West were chance to break into more advantageous to it than "territo-

the BIG TIME ... in 1 Big Roof Renewal Paid rial aspirations, psychological warfare your SPARE TIME. I George Singleton and subversion under the theoretical paid George $4,154.65 H, 154.65 cloak of peaceful coexistence, provided for just one roof renewal the Atlantic Alliance continues to signal order with Pace Seam- that it will never allow military or other less Spray. He couldn't believe you apply Pace Roof Renewal Sealant right intimidation to succeed." could make such Big Money with so little over the old roof. The cost is so low, the NATO has proved that it is not effort. proven results so satisfactory for such merely a temporary military alliance. And he's not the only one who discov- well-known firms as General Motors, It has proved itself to be an enduring ered this amazing part-time money- American Airlines, Holiday Inns and and effective instrument for peace and maker that can bring you $25,000 a year hundreds more, there is virtually no stability in our part of the world. It and more. Look at Joe Kimpel — sales resistance. has been widely said that: $2,795.69 extra income his very first 5 Pace ships Seamless Spray equip- "The bricks of the Atlantic weeks. Bob Konner—$1 ,429.43 on his ment on Free Loan. Your customer pays edifice are guns and money and first Seamless Spray order. Dave only for the Sealant. His own men apply technology, but the mortar that is holding it together is the common Lute—2 sales in 2 days brought him it. It's as simple as that. heritage and values of western over$1 ,500.00. 1 could go on and on, but The field-tested sales kit we furnish civilization." you get the picture. Now get your name you gives you all the know-how you Our common heritage and values lie on this list! need to get into this BIG SELL im- in the dignity and liberty of the indi- What makes Pace Seamless Spray mediately. There's no waiting, no train- vidual, his freedom to worship in his such a big extra income producer? It ing needed. You don't waste your time own way, to choose his own form of costs a fortune for schools, hospitals, on small, penny-ante business. government and to seek a better life plants and other commercial buildings to Just mail this coupon. I'll mail you all for himself and his children. These are have roof contractors repair their roofs. the facts. Your're under no obliga- universal human values. They are Seamless Spray saves them a fortune tion. No one will call on you. Every- common to all mankind, including by-passing the contractor. The building thing comes to you by mail. Put this people subject to totalitarian rule. owner uses our Seamless Spray to coupon in the mail today so you'll life lose no time in starting to get big NATO's strength and long checks selling part time. derive from the devotion of all its members to the fundamental value of

Mike Mcintosh, Vice President freedom and their determination to PACE PRODUCTS, INC., Dept. AM-185 maintain it. In the words of the Quality Plaza, 112th & College Blvd. P.O. Box 10925, Overland Park, Ks. 66210 Preamble of the Treaty: "They are determined to safeguard YES, I want big checks too. Please rush me the facts about making Big Money in my spare time the freedom, common heritage and with Pace Seamless Spray. No cost or obligation. civilization of their peoples, founded No salesman will call. on the principles of democracy, indi- Name vidual liberty and the rule of law . . . Address "They are resolved to unite their ef- forts for collective defense and for the preservation of peace and security."

State _Zip_ THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE C .

THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATIVE MINT'S SOLID GOLD PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL MEDAL LIMITED EDITION

(Enlarged to Show Detail) 100% SOLID GOLD-$20 ORDERS MUST BE MAILED On January 20, 1985 Ronald W. Reagan, the 40th President of the BY JANUARY 20, 1985 United States will officially start his new term. To honor this momen- assure yourself of acquiring tous occasion, The National Commemorative Mint, Washington, D.C. By acting before January 20, 1985 you can this exclusive, Limited Edition 100% SOLID GOLD Inaugural Medal is issuing its Presidential Inaugural Medal in 100% SOLID GOLD. at the original issue price from The National Commemorative Mint. This is the first time a public offering has ever been made of a PURE president of the United States been so SOLID GOLD medal to honor the Inauguration of a re-elected Never before has a re-elected President. honored. These Inaugural Medals in 100% PURE SOLID GOLD, will become true family heirlooms to present to your children and grand- 100% PURE SOLID GOLD* children as a momentous and valuable remembrance of the second In- auguration of Ronald W. Reagan, our 40th President. However, you are Each medal will be individually minted from hand engraved dies cap- urged to act now while the opportunity is before you, as all orders must turing all of the fine detail of President Reagan's portrait in exquisite be mailed by midnight January 20, 1985 to be accepted. Orders mailed three-dimensional relief. This finely minted PURE SOLID GOLD at a later date will be refused and returned. Don't be disappointed—be available exclusively office of one of America's private piece is from an sure to send your order before midnight January 20, 1985. mints, The National Commemorative Mint, Washington, D.C. Each Inaugural Medal is guaranteed and certified to be 100% SOLID GOLD—the highest quality gold, and each will be marked with its For faster service credit card charge solid purity of 24KT.—there is no gold purer than 24KT* orders may call FREE 9 AM— 10 PM EXCLUSIVE LIMITED EDITION 1-800-345-1328

This is the only time these medals will be made available directly to the public. After midnight January 20, 1985 Inauguration Day, no orders MUST BE POSTMARKED BY JANUARY 20, 1985 for these 100% SOLID GOLD Inaugural Medals will be accepted and i— J P110 the opportunity to acquire them directly at the original issue price of $20 per medal will be gone forever. Each PURE SOLID GOLD medal, National Commemorative Mint Ltd., Inaugural Medals measuring 9mm in diameter, will be presented in a special collector's 3222 M Street, N.W.—355, Washington, D.C. 20007 case for their protection and preservation and each will be accompa- Please send me the following 100% SOLID GOLD (24KT.) Inaugural its nied by a serially numbered certificate attesting to Limited Edition Medal(s) I have ordered below under your 30 day money-back guarantee status and its purity of solid gold. Further, each SOLID GOLD medal of full satisfaction. will be clearly marked on its reverse side with its gold . Mint issues at $20 each plus $1 each postage and handling. purity—24KT* Limit 5

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If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with your 100% Solid 14KT. Gold Frame(s) at $15 each plus $1 each postage SOLID GOLD Inaugural Medal, you may return it within thirty (30) and handling. days of receipt for a full refund. There is a strict limit of five SOLID Solid 14KT. Gold 16 inch Chain(s) at $25 each plus $1 each GOLD Inaugural Medals per order. However, you are reminded to act postage and handling. only promptly to take advantage of the original issue price of only $20 each Special Mint issues in Frame with Chain at $60 each (we pay postage). as orders will not be accepted if mailed after January 20, 1985. I am enclosing my remittance for $ or Charge $ to my Visa Mastercard Amex = * 24KT 100% PURE GOLD Card Number. -Exp. = — Wear Your 22KT 91.67% gold Inaugural 8.33% other metals Medal Signature . Phone # 14KT = 58.33% gold — Charge orders must be signed Proudly in a 41.67% other metals Solid 14KT. Name 10KT = 41.67% gold — Gold 58.33% other metals Frame Address .

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©1984 The National Commemorative Mint, not affiliated with the United States Mint. " •

YEAR 2000 Herefc How to Continued from page 23

less energy to reach the moon, and a permanent outpost can be built there Stop Foot Pain that might hold many dozens of people (in relays). Here, too, solar arrays will have their essential uses. Large arrays can INSTANTLY! be laid out on the surface of the moon, where they will do their work far more efficiently than on the surface of the There's really no mys- Earth. On the moon, there is no air tery about what causes ENJOY and, therefore, no absorption of light. foot pain BLESSED The sun shines on any one spot on the Each of your feet has RELIEF moon for two weeks at a time and, if 26 different bones held in three large arrays are placed equidis- balance and position by FROM: tantly around the moon, one of them tendons, muscles and will always be in sunlight and half the ligaments. Fallen or sore Arches time two will be. Once something hap- This means there will be ample en- pens to destroy this bal- ergy for the people on the moon base ance, (no matter what to conduct mining digging your age) you experience operations, up sections of lunar surface that hap- painful feet, unless you pen to be rich in desirable metal ores, do something about it. Pain in the and casting them into space by means There's really no mystery baits of your feet of a "mass-driver." Such a device about finding relief allow your feet to flex normally in all makes use of an electromagnetic field Since 1948, over 3,000,000 people types of shoes. Thanks to Feather- to accelerate the material to speeds are enjoying blessed relief they never springs, your aching feet get the con- great enough to overcome the moon's

thought possible . . . thanks to Flex- tinuous, moving support which weak gravitational pull. ible Featherspring® Foot Supports brings that relief. The moon material can be smelted which are made in West Germany. and otherwise treated in space to form How do Feathersprings bring re- Feathersprings metals, oxygen, concrete, glass and lief? Well, unlike costly special cradle your soil. The moon can supply all the shoes, mass-produced arch pre- foot V> needed elements except a few in which serves, or ready-made, drug store it is short, notably carbon, hydrogen remedies, custom-formed Flexible and nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, Feathersprings actually restore and sodium and potassium. These can be maintain the elastic support your There's really no risk involved in donated by Earth until supplies from feet had when you were a youth. finding out whether Feather- other regions of (from the as- No matter how long you've had space springs can relieve your foot teroids, for instance) can be obtained. foot problems—be it 3 months or pain 30 years—the instant you slip a With virtually all the energy and material needed for space coming from pair of Feathersprings in your We're so certain that Feath- space with Earth itself supplying shoes (one pair is all you'll ever erspring Foot Supports will end — need)— you'll be able to stand all your foot problems that if you're only specialty materials, human beings not and technical knowledge — the way day, walk, dance, even jog or run completely satisfied . . . we'll refund in total comfort. your money in full . . . with will be open to establish a productive, Feathersprings act as a shock- no questions asked. space-centered society. absorbing, pain-relieving system Write us for full information, It is extremely unlikely that such a which structurally realigns your there's no obligation and no society can be fully set up in the next feet. Not only do they restore the salesman will call. Just fill out and 30 years. Still, unless humanity lacks natural balance of your feet, they mail the coupon below. the vision or the courage (thus experi-

* Actual photos of customers who sent us these letters, encing a "failure of nerve"), it seems What people in unsolicited say SEND NO MONEY! reasonably certain that the basis for testimonials, about Feathersprings: r— — exist first or I FEATHERSPRING INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION such a society will by the "Retiring as a golfprofessional was my own deci- | 712 N. 34th Street, Dept. AL015 second decade of the 21st century. sion. Being forced to stop playing altogether was Seattle, Washington 98103 something my sore aching feet forced me to do. Of the four great steps required to It got to the point where I would play a few holes YES! I want to learn more about Flexible Featherspring

and have to quit . . . because of my feet I just Foot Supports. Please send me your free brochure. I will establish such a society, I have al- I couldn 't go on! I had tried everything and noth- watch for the LARGE PINK ENVELOPE. I understand ing seemed to work. Now, thanks to Feather- that there is no obligation and that no salesman will call. ready discussed the first two: the use springs my are absolutely pain-free I feet and of as a source of unlimited en- finally got a spring in my step again.'' space from the sun, both for space ac- Jock Hutchison, Jr. Northfield, Illinois ergy tivities and for Earth itself, and the

". . . I have thoroughly enjoyed thecomfort Feathersprings have provided me. You establishment of a mining station on would not believe the difference they the moon. have made my feet feel -before I had such pain walking because I have severe when City Given those, the great task will then callus' on both of my feet. M.W.R./Richmond, VA Continued on page 50 * State Zip ©1985 Featherspring International Corp. 712 N. 34th Street, Seattle, Washington 98103 When in Seattle visit the Featherspring building. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . —

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Continued from page 4.8 100™ Birthday be to transfer as much as possible of Commemorative Earth's industrial machine into orbit. Government and industry are, in fact, both speculating on the possibility of factories in space. Harry S. There are great advantages to this, for space offers an environment that, in many ways, can be duplicated on Earth only at great expense, if at all. Truman A factory in space can make use of un- limited vacuum that is harder, that is, more nearly perfect, than can be ob- Solid is f 14 K tained on Earth. A factory in space in free fall and experiences no measur- Gold Piece able gravitational effects. It can also make use of high temperatures and energetic radiation by exposure to the sun, or quite low temperature by shielding from the sun. The use of Only $10 such unusual properties may make it possible for space factories to produce if you Order objects that on Earth cannot be pro- duced with as high a quality or, possi- within 30 Days! bly, cannot be produced at all. The greatest advantage of space fac- tories is that space offers a "sink" into which waste products may safely be dis- charged. This would mean that even factories that would not require special use of space's extraordinary properties would still serve humanity by moving into space, for they would then no Enlarged to show detail longer serve as polluting agents. 9mm tribute is double-dated 1884-1984 and struck Space, even that portion confined to from hand-engraved dies to capture exquisite de- the neighborhood of Earth, is many tail. But you must act quickly to obtain your historic millions of times as voluminous as is America remembers Harry S. Truman! As our Truman goldpiece at these special introductory prices. Take advantage of terrific 33rd President . . . as a leader who guided us discounts on Earth's land surface and oceans, and is through the victorious quantity orders. These valuable goldpieces end ot World War II and the make therefore millions of times as effective

dark times of Korea ... and as a man who earned distinctive gifts . . . heirlooms worthy of passing on in diluting the discharge of polluting his famous "Give 'em Hell, Harry" nickname by al- to future generations ... so purchase extras and ways speaking his mind. save! wastes. Moreover, there is no life in Now, to commemorate his 100th birthday history space (other than astronauts them- Issued in STRICTLY LIMITED EDITION. — and the Sterling Treasury — look back at Harry selves) to be affected by such pollution Truman as one of America's greatest Presidents — These Harry S. Truman goldpieces are being issued as there is on Earth's surface. Finally, a man truly deserving of this outstanding commem- only during this 100th anniversary year. After that, the pollution in will orative tribute. the dies will be destroyed and the edition closed for- nearby space not ever. Due to the fluctuations in the gold market we remain and accumulate until Earth's Historic, one-of-a-kind, SOLID 14K tribute GOLD can only guarantee our $10 price for the next 30 neighborhood is finally fouled by it, for days, so to avoid disappointment, place your order Now to commemorate his there are high-speed charged particles 100th birthday, Sterling now! Save on quantity orders ... two 14K solid gold emerging from the sun in all direc- Treasury has created this Truman tributes, only $18; five for $35; ten for just original Harry S. Truman $60; twenty for just $100. tions. This "solar wind" will sweep the GOLDPIECE made of pollution outward into the incredibly For fastest service call Toll Free gleaming SOLID 14K vaster spaces of the outer solar sys- GOLD! This handsome ^ 1 800-345-8500. Op 326 ©1984 Sterling Treasury tem. All human activities for billions of The Sterling Treasury is not affiliated with affect those Shown actual size. years would not suffice to any U S Government Mint or agency outer spaces dangerously. Nor would these factories in space re- ^Sterling Treasury Enclosed is$. quire much in the way of human main- I Sterling Building, Box HST- 8914 (NY State residents add sales tax.) u tenance. With computers advancing in Garnerville, New York 10923 CHARGE IT! VISA MasterCard complexity, versatility and ability year 1 YESI Please send my TRUMAN SOLID 14K GOLD Diner's Club American Express Tribute(s) at these special prices or your money- by year, and with the age of robots well

\'\ Card Exp. back guarantee of satisfaction: # upon us, we can visualize such factories ONE for only $10 plus $1 postage, insurance and Signature as being thoroughly automated and only handling. I Print Name services of TWO, only $18 plus $2 postage and handling. intermittently requiring the FIVE, only $35 postpaid. Address human beings. I TEN, only $60 postpaid. City/State/Zip. Continued on page 52 - TWENTY, only $100 postpaid.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

.

IMPROVE YEAR 2000 Continued from page 50 YOUR SLEEP Nevertheless, human beings will Inflatable Sleep have to be available for such tasks, as well as for supervising the mining ac- tivities on the moon, for working on Incliner Pillow the observatories and laboratories A PORTABLE TRAVELER. DEFLATES & FOLDS built in space, for occupying the var- EASY-CARE HEAVY GAUGE WHITE VINYL ious space stations, and for helping to PROVIDES 24" x 27" x 8" INCLINE construct the numerous building proj- ects in space. ONLY For such people to commute to their labors from Earth would be an enor- 99 mous waste of effort and a totally use- less risk. That brings us, then, to the fourth giant step in the founding of a space-centered society: the construc- tion not merely of space stations, but of space settlements that would be ROYAl HOUSE, Dept. SP, New Windsor, NY 12550 nothing less than towns in space. Raises back, neck, shoulder, head - - A number of scientists have given • RELIEVES TENSION & FATIGUE UNCONDITIONAL MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE ROYAL HOUSE, Dept. RSP2540* 137 Walsh Ave. thought to the form such space set- Provides a cushion of air Box 4305 • New Windsor, NY 12550 tlements should take, but until we ac- Please send following number of restful Sleep Pillows: • HELPS YOU BREATHE & tually try to build them and find out at One for $3 99 plus 95c ship/hand (Total $4,94) SLEEP MUCH EASIER firsthand the nature of the "bugs" and SAVE! Two for $7,88 plus $1.50 ship/hand (Total $9.38) • IDEAL FOR 2-PIIL0W USERS . . . Enclosed is $ (NY res. add sales tax for your area) difficulties, we are not likely to work EVEN BETTER CHARGE my MC VISA Exp. date out the best design. Elevates legs (alternate use) Acct# There seems to be a general feeling,

• RELIEVES TIRED, ACHING LEGS Print Name however, that space settlements can be made quite Earth-like. They will Address Apt FOR A RESTFUL SLEEP . . . exist on the inner surface of a hollow City _State_ -Z'P— ORDER TODAY! structure of some shape, a shape that -© 1984 Royal House. will be set in fairly rapid rotation to create an ersatz gravitational effect. FIND BURIED TREASURE Day and night will come at the usual Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new intervals by the manipulation, electronic detector. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into perhaps, of a device something like a earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals when object is detected. Venetian blind operating on sunlight reflected into the settlement from an accompanying mirror. Soil will coat the inner surface, and the settlers will Write for Free Catalog have buildings and farms. If the set- tlement is large enough, it will have RELCO Dept. DD-5 , Box 920839, Houston, Tex. 77292 hills and streams. Once that is done, we can safely as- Plate sume that further adventures in space Gold will be conducted by the settlers rather Dig out your Dog than by those who remain on Earth. Tags and add the The settlers will be accustomed to Midas Touch of 22 Kt. gold. Wear one space and to space travel. They can with pride, or pass build ships in regions in which Earth's them to the next gravitational pull is low so that they will generation as a need less fuel and can build more spa- meaningful keep- sake. Allow six cious and comfortable living quarters. weeks as each tag They will find large spaceships not too electroplated with a final layer of 22 different from the settlements they live Kt. gold. Send tag(s) and $15 each to in and will be more suited, psychologi- Dog Tags, 8543 Braewick, San will Antonio, Tx. 78239. (In Texas, add cally, to the conditions that be ex- MODELS in long voyages. 5%% sales tax.) AVAILABLE perienced space A hundred years from now, the set- tlers will be exploring the outer solar WW II U.S. NAVY system, will be exploiting the as- GERMAN 5 Battle Action and Ship Board 50 teroids, establishing outposts on the glossy photographs. 1000s of WWII small outer satellites of Jupiter and photos available. Catalog $2.00 HELMET or send in name of your ship for (ORIGINAL- Repainted) __j3B^^ may even penetrate as far as Pluto. list of photos COLLECTORS! SEND FOR FREE CATALOG available. after stars. W W, II Medals. Civil War Hats. Flags, etc. 100 s of items And then, that—the REAL WAR PHOTOS The COLLECTOR'S ARMOURY, Inc., Dept. AL P.O. Box 728 • Hammond, Ind. 46320 800 SLATERS LANE. P.O. BOX 1061. ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22313 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE -

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pergallon . . . Slick 50 does exactlyWhat with Slick 50. Six months later the oil tion, this oil carries an API (American

Petrolon claims it does." Researchers at was drained from each vehicle and the Petroleum Institute) service classifi-

the Franklin Institute Research La- cars were driven without the oil plugs cation SF-CC-CD. It also carries the boratory, after applying a powerful for about a half hour. The water tem- military specifications MIL-L-2104C ultrasonic cleaning process to a Slick perature never rose and the engines and MIL-L-46152-A 50 treated engine part, were surprised sustained no apparent damage. The DEALERSHIPS ARE AVAILABLE. at its permanence. They stated, "We Southwest Daily Times (Dec. 19, OTHER SLICK 50 PRODUCTS actually expected the PetroLon Slick 50 1982, p. 6), reports that a man from available are Small Engine Treatment TFE Resin coating to also be removed, Liberal, Kansas, flew his airplane with- (for 2-cycle engines). Aircraft Engine but later found it was still there." out oil for 30 minutes. There are many Treatment, Gear Treatment (manual The FAA (Federal Aviation Ad- more tests available. If you are still transmissions, etc.), Grease, Ultra 9 ministration) has fully accepted Slick skeptical, send $2.00 to defray print- Oil, Fuel Conditioner, and Fabric Pro- 50 Aircraft Piston Engine Treatment ing and postage costs and we will send tector. Free information is sent upon (F.AR #33.49). An FAA test simulating you additional, more detailed, test in- request. 1400 hours of engine use (equivalent formation, etc. Free engine flush sent with each to about 70,000 miles on a car) showed HOW DO YOU TREAT AN EN- order. Free shipping with orders almost zero engine wear! GINE? Very simply. A few minutes be- of 2 or more. Twenty-five hundred miles after re- fore oil and filter change, add engine For purchase or further informa- moving Slick 50 from the crankcase, flush (sent free with each order) to tion call toll free 1-800-228-6505, tests done at the University of Utah clean out your engine. Let your engine ext. 180 (in Nebraska, call 1-800- Engineering Experiment Station idle for 5 minutes. Then drain your oil, 642-9606) or send to: FORT MOR- showed that the benefits of Slick 50 change filters and add the proper GAN SLICK 50, 407 Del Rio Road, were still there. They reported a horse- amount of oil less one quart. Add one Berthoud, Colorado 80513. power increase of 1 6.9% and 9.9% for quart Slick 50, drive for 30 minutes, light and heavy loading respectively. and leave it in the crankcase for 3,000 The senior engineering researcher at miles. As the engine operates, the oil ALl the University of Southern Califor- carries the polytetrafluoroethylene I enclose $39.95+ $4.00 shipping & hand. nia in San Diego stated this, "Slick 50 between the parts where it is bur- D I want 2 or more (free shipping & hand.) does increase horsepower and de- nished into the pores of the metal. Once Check C.O.D. Visa/MC creases fuel consumption in tests done impregnated it is permanent, so you at the university." The Space Shuttle do it only once, not each time you Card * Exp Columbia uses the chemical "poly" in change oil. One quart of Slick 50 will Name its gears and bearings because it is the treat all standard 4, 6 and 8 cylinder only chemical lubricant which can gasoline and diesel engines. Address withstand the heat and corrosive ele- WILL IT WORK WITH MOST OIL? (Give street address for U.P.S. delivery) ments of space. Yes, Slick 50 will work with all petro- City Perhaps most dramatic of all is a leum based oils and all synthetics com- torture-test overseen by the Automo- patable with petroleum based oils. State Zip we ORBEN'S WORLD offer up to $144,000 benefit dollars depending on age.

My wife and I are typical suburban- we ites. We believe in life, liberty and the pursuit of yard sales. keep pace with loved ones' needs for cost of living dollars. The sign at the entrance to one of our city parks bothers me. The one that we says: No Loud Music. No Pets. No Ball-Playing. No Intoxicating say you can buy benefit Beverages. No Loitering . . . Enjoy Yourself. dollars annually for 46^ a week.

Punk haircuts always look as if the re- we the prieve from the governor arrived two If good Lord had meant for us to make it easy to buy. minutes late. be perfect, He never would have given we us Wite-Out. publish a verified What's the big deal about a teacher join- audited pay-out figure. ing a space shuttle crew? If you're a we teacher, you need a second job. process claims and The attention span of the average applications teen-ager is now over. with dispatch.

who we? There is no time like the present to live in the past.

And now, a thought for all you health addicts: Millions and millions of orange trees are being destroyed be- The ONLY officially cause they're diseased. What did vitamin C do them? approved American for Legion Life Insurance Plan We do for you. I don't think anything is going to be done about the federal budget deficit Now until they discover it causes cancer in laboratory rats. you do for you. See pages 27 and 28 The Russians have their own version details. for Mail your I've never understood why anyone of the Peter Principle: If you stay in application today. would pay for a punk haircut. You can the Politburo long enough, you rise to get the exact same effect by bobbing your level of mortality. for apples in a blender. © 1984 Robert Orben

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who commits a gross error, seen by millions on TV's "Big Eye" immediate

Dwarf trees reach only about 8-to1 0-feet tall yet bear , replay. Bad calls can bring suspension full-size apples, peaches, pears, cherries and nectarines from the roster. It's calculated that the potential number of decisions an official might face in one game is 3,250 — 160 aver- FREE Stark Bro's Catalog age plays multiplied by 22 players Grow full-size apples, peaches, cherries and more on Stark Bro's dwarf-size trees.

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HJR HEALTH

and Stress Medicine in Phoenix, and a determined crusader in the battle against stress—especially in the field of individual reac-

MWi 1 1 Smith and tions to it. Fm Harry Jones ease "We're living in the jSLJr their cars out of the bodies of our ancestors in a driveway a little early, both world they never dreamed of them eager to get some would exist," Dr. Eliot said. urgent work done before "For 2.5 million years, the the daily routine begins. environment rewarded But as they swing up the fight-or-flight reactions. ramp onto the freeway, Now it's important that we they find themselves em- learn things like Stress 101 broiled in an inch-by-inch and Coping 1A, which we traffic jam that seems to ex- never got in school." tend for miles. There goes There's still a lot of work that early start. to be done, the researchers On the surface, Bill and caution. "We're still in the Harry seem to be handling experimental stage with this annoyance pretty much this entire question," Weiss the same. But if a doctor said. "We haven't done the could take measurements, he definitive studies to say that would tell a different story. reactivity (the way humans Harry is annoyed but his respond to various situa- blood pressure and heart rate tions) not only is associated haven't changed much. Bill's with heart disease but also blood pressure has gone plays a causitive role in it." through the roof, and his Nevertheless, there is body is reacting to a sudden mounting evidence about the surge of hormones released role of reactivity from human as a response to stress. studies and a growing push This story is imaginary. to get the definitive evi- But what is real is the grow- dence. The National Heart, ing attention that medicine Struggling Lung and Blood Institute is is paying to a new idea, sponsoring "15 or 20 studies" which is summed up by in the area of stress and re- Stephen M. Weiss, chief of activity, Weiss said. behavioral medicine at the Some of the most telling National Heart, Lung and with stress evidence to date comes from Blood Institute: Burning a "dollars worth energy studies in which researchers "In essence, it's not so of monitor volunteers via port- much the stress as the way for a dimes worth of stress" will help able machines that contin- that we respond to the uously record blood pressure stress that counts. It's the cause 1.5 million heart attacks in the and heart rate. subjective response that de- "We know from our ambu- United States this year. termines the health and ill- latory monitoring of blood ness implications of stress," pressure and electrocardio- said Weiss. BY EDWARD EDELSON grams that there are large Stress is definitely head- personal differences in re- line news in medicine these Americans will suffer this ally in stride. But about one sponse to stress," said Theo- days. More and more doctors year, but also a variety of in five of us is a "hot reactor" dore Dembroski, a psycho- are convinced that the kind of other illnesses. Doctors now like Bill, who "burns a dol- logist at the University of stress we all experience hope that they can use the lar's worth of energy for a Maryland. "Some people anything from a traffic jam to new idea about personal dime's worth of stress," in have a moderate response, a crisis in the family—helps stress reactions to single out the words of Dr. Robert S. but some respond with precipitate not only the 1.5 the most vulnerable individ- Eliot, a noted cardiologist. enormous increases in blood million heart attacks that uals and help them prevent Dr. Eliot was a fast- pressure and heart activity." the damage. moving, high-achieving per- It doesn't take much Edward Edelson is science There's medical evidence former when he suffered a stress to produce radical editor for the New York that most Americans are heart attack at the age of cardiovascular changes in Daily News and past pres- "cool reactors" like Harry. 44, 12 years ago. Now he is hot reactors, Dr. Eliot adds. ident of the National Asso- Much as we fuss and fume, medical director of the Na- In the laboratory, just play- ciation of Science Writers. our bodies take stress virtu- tional Center of Preventive ing a video game or even

62 THE AMERICAN LEGION -MAGAZINE dunking an arm in cold person. He's the guy who's day, I would seek out caffeine sent their blood water can send blood pres- leaning on his horn in traf- treatment on my own. If I pressure up, and the stress sure skyrocketing. Multiply fic, who won't let you finish were a cardiologist who saw raised the pressure even those reactions by all the a sentence, who does every- one of those individuals, I more, Lane reported. minor stresses of daily life thing at a hurry-up pace, would be concerned." It's the same with ciga- and it's like "drag-racing whose schedule is always There is evidence that rette smoking, Dembroski with the family car," Eliot overcrowded. But a hot people in some groups have found. In one of his experi- said. "With years of that reactor can be "as cool as a a higher risk of being hot ments volunteers played a kind of treatment, the stan- cucumber on the surface reactors. For example, video game (with stress dard engine wears out." and as hot as a chili pepper there are more hot reactors provided by offering a cash There are skeptics about inside," Eliot said. the hot reactor concept, The hidden nature of hot Dembroski concedes. The reactivity raises two chal- 44 only way to convince them, lenges — identify the hot re- IT'S not so much the stress he said, is to set up a study actors then figure out ways that compares the heart at- to reduce the risk. In his AS THE WAY THAT WE RESPOND tack rates of thousands of book on the subject, "Is It TO THE STRESS THAT COUNTS." men, both hot and cool reac- Worth Dying For?," Eliot tors, over a period of seven outlines a comprehensive or eight years. Meanwhile, series of self-tests that can among Type A personalities award for the winner) while he says, it's a "prudent help someone identify than in the Type B group. they puffed on cigarettes. hypothesis" to follow. dangerous traits. One sim- Hot reactors also are more "Stress alone caused a One reason for interest in ple way to measure your common in families that moderate increase in blood the reactivity idea is the his- personal risk is to buy a have a history of heart dis- pressure and heart rate," tory of a closely related con- blood pressure machine and ease. And men are more Dembroski said. "Cigarette cept that was even more con- take several readings on the likely to be hot reactors. smoking alone also causes a troversial when it was pro- job and at home. If a stress Suppose you find out that moderate increase—about posed almost two decades as basic as a word test or a you're a hot reactor—what 10 heartbeats a minute. ago—the Type A/Type B video game causes blood then? There are a lot of Stress and cigarette smok- personality contrast. common-sense things that ing together increased the Most cardiologists you can do, the experts say. rate by 30 beats a minute scoffed when Drs. "Nobody knows if you can and had the same effect on Meyer Friedman and moderate hot reactivity, but blood pressure. So the worst Ray H. Rosenman of you can certainly avoid situ- time to smoke is when a Mt. Zion Hospital and ations that induce it in you," smoker is under stress. Medical Center in San Dembroski said. "For There's a synergistic effect." Francisco proposed example, if you drive home There's no simple fix for that behavior patterns every day in the rush hour anyone who's worried about could influence the but you know your blood a heart attack, Dr. Eliot said. risk of having a heart pressure goes out of sight Eating well, avoiding ciga- attack. Type A per- when you do it, it's prudent rettes, getting enough exer- sonalities—uptight, to wait around for a while cise, slowing down to smell compulsive, competi- until the rush is over." the roses and enjoy life have tive, aggressive And knowing that you're worked well for him and his individuals —have a a hot reactor makes it all patients, he said. higher risk of heart the more important to pay "Some ways of approach- attacks than calm, attention to the well-estab- ing stress are basic for easy-going Type B lished risk factors for heart everyone," he said. "Talking people, Drs. Rosen- diseases—things like ciga- to yourself constructively; man and Freidman's rette smoking, high blood clarifying your values; un- research indicated. pressure and high blood derstanding that your mind Cardiologists were cholesterol levels. Studies in and body are powerfully af- doubly skeptical. a number of laboratories are fecting each other; connect- First, they questioned showing that stress can ing with other people; put- whether personality traits pressure to rise significant- make other risk factors ting balance in your life; had anything to do with ly, suspect hot reactivity, even more dangerous. above all, recognizing your heart attacks. Second, they Dembroski said. For example, psycholo- own role in what happens in said that even if it were "I've seen individuals who gist James Lane of Duke your life." true, nothing could be done in daily life can have their University ran an experi- In the end, Eliot said, you to change personalities and blood pressure go up from ment that exposed volun- have to write your own reduce the risk. 125 to 220 or 230 continual- teers to the minor stress of ticket, by practicing self- There's one crucial differ- ly," Dembroski said. "If I complicated mental arith- awareness so you can avoid ence between Type A per- were one of those individu- metic while imbibing caf- — or, at least, confront sonality and hot reactivity. als who consistently has it feine, which is known to calmly— life's recurring It's easy to tell the Type A happen during the work raise the heart rate. The stressful situations.

JANUARY 1985 63 Definition Adolescent: A teen-ager who acts like a baby when you don't treat him like an adult. —A. H. Livingston

Old-Fashioned Hubby An old-fashioned husband expects his wife to help him with the dishes. —George E. Bergman

Self-Made Men The problem with most self-made men is that they quit too soon. —Gene Delaine

Stick Together

All of us can learn a lesson from the snowflake. No two are alike, yet watch how they can get together for a big project like tying up traffic. —George Winger

Critical Point

Critic: One quick on the flaw. —Shelley Bassett

The Trouble With Gossip Just A Minute Questionable How long a minute is depends on what Gossip hurts. No one likes being A real comedown is playing one of side of bathroom door you're on. snide-swiped. the those trivia games and finding out that — Richard —Frank Tyger C. Dushaw what they consider trivial was impor- tant to you. — Gil Stern Shaping Up Control Switches He's into aerobics. He's cut out the If I'm the head of the house, how beer. come the control for our electric blan- He's got to streamline his physique. ket is on my wife's side of the bed? He's on the first day of a 7-day diet —Frank Walsh (His high school reunion's next week!). —Anna Hogg Jones Trashcan Food Risk of Birthright I didn't realize how much junk food our teen-ager puts away until the other to Young Americans have a chance day when I accidentally stepped on his be president when they grow up. It's big toe and his mouth flew open. just one of the risks they have to take. — Gerald Volpe —Henry E. Leabo

Ode to Junk Mail Anyone Taking Notes? I hope that I shall never be "Get this, Margaret! Some pregnant After you've heard two eyewitness Reduced to just "addressee." lady just calls Johnny Carson and accounts of an accident, don't you For I'm a person most extant tells him her stupid husband is glued begin to wonder about history? And far from only "occupant." to the TV and it's time for them to go —John B. Klein —Kathleen Y. Bergeron to the hospital."

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