DOCSLIB.ORG

Black Oat (Avena Strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black Oat (Avena Strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments agriculture Article Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments Vladan Ugrenovi´c 1, Vera Popovi´c 2 , Milan Ugrinovi´c 3, Vladimir Filipovi´c 4, Ksenija Maˇcki´c 5,*, Nataša Ljubiˇci´c 6 , Slobodan Popovi´c 7 and Željko Laki´c 8 1 Institute for Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute for the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorky 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 3 Institute for Vegetable Crops, Karador¯ deva¯ 71, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Serbia; [email protected] 4 Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Panˇci´c”,Tadeuša Koš´cuška1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; vladimirmfi[email protected] 5 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 6 BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Ðindi´ca,21000¯ Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 7 Faculty of Economy, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 8 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study examined the influence of agroecological conditions on the ontogenesis and production yield traits of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Understanding the agronomic and phenological properties related to productive properties of black oats can enable more successful Citation: Ugrenovi´c,V.; Popovi´c,V.; introduction into new areas of oat cultivation. Field microexperiments were performed during the Ugrinovi´c,M.; Filipovi´c,V.; Maˇcki´c, three consecutive years (2017–2019) on the two localities in South Banat, in Serbia, which differed in K.; Ljubiˇci´c,N.; Popovi´c,S.; Laki´c,Ž. soil type: carbonate chernozem and humogley, respectively. The results showed that all investigated Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) traits of oat in the chernozem soil type were higher when compared with measured traits obtained Ontogenesis and Agronomic from the humogley soil type. The average value of yields of aboveground biomass, yield and protein Performance in Organic Cropping content were significantly higher in relation to the humogley, by 13%, 17% and 11%, respectively for all System and Pannonian Environments. three seasons. Observed by years, all productivity parameters differed significantly, which confirmed Agriculture 2021, 11, 55. https:// that the productivity of the cultivated plants was strongly influenced by different agroecological, doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010055 soil and climatic conditions in Pannonian environments. The aboveground biomass and grain yield Received: 8 November 2020 obtained from the humogley soil type indicate that this species can be successfully grown and utilized Accepted: 7 January 2021 in production as a cover or fodder crop even in less favorable soil conditions. Published: 12 January 2021 Keywords: black oats; locality; ontogenesis; productivity parameters; soil Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neu- tral with regard to jurisdictional clai- ms in published maps and institutio- nal affiliations. 1. Introduction The black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) belongs to the diploid subgroup of cultivated annual species of the genus Avena, with an open and loose panicle. It differs from other Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Li- cultivated species of this genus by thin and tall stem and outer glumes that end in two thin censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. awn looking outgrowths [1]. This plant species has moderate requirements for climatic This article is an open access article and soil conditions. It tolerates drought well [2], but is less resistant to low temperatures ◦ distributed under the terms and con- because it freezes in winter at temperatures below −7 C[3]. This limits cultivation to a ditions of the Creative Commons At- certain extent, so it is more often grown as a spring crop. The black oat tolerates lower soil tribution (CC BY) license (https:// fertility levels well. It is tolerant to acidic soils (pH 4.5 to 7.3), and is best suited to sandy creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ and loamy soils [2]. 4.0/). Agriculture 2021, 11, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010055 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Agriculture 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 14 Agriculture 2021, 11, 55 2 of 14 tolerates lower soil fertility levels well. It is tolerant to acidic soils (pH 4.5 to 7.3), and is best suited to sandy and loamy soils [2]. TheThe black black oats’ oats’ center center of of origin origin is is considered considered to to be be the the Iberian Iberian Peninsula, Peninsula, from from where where itit spread spread to to Western Western and Cen Centraltral Europe and occupied a number of ecological niches in thethe area area all all the the way to the plains of Afghanistan.Afghanistan. At At first, first, this this species species was was originally a a weedweed in in other other cereals, cereals, but since the Bronze Age it has been cultivated and used in human nutritionnutrition or or as as an animalimal feed. feed. Over Over time, time, cultivation cultivation and and use use declined, declined, so so that that at at the end of thethe twentieth twentieth century century it it was was on on the the verge verge of of extinction in in Europe [4] [4].. The reason for this waswas the the introduction of more productive cultivated forms of A. sativa L. [5 [5–7]7].. In In recent yyearsears in Europe, efforts havehave beenbeenmade made to to conserve conserve the the genetic genetic resources resources of of the the black black oat oat as aswell well as as revive revive its its production production [8]. [8] The. The black black oat oat is considered is considered an excellentan excellent feed feed for cattlefor cattle due dueto its to high its nutritionalhigh nutritional value and value good and digestibility good digestibility [9]. Due to its[9] biological. Due to properties, its biological such properties,as the ability such to remediateas the ability soil to via remediate the phytoextraction soil via the ofphytoextraction heavy metals, of and heavy allelopathic metals, andand allelopathic nematocidal and effects, nematocidal it finds application effects, it infinds sustainable application agricultural in sustainable production agricultural systems productionas a cover crop systems [10,11 as]. a Therefore, cover crop for [10,11] the needs. Therefore, of the EU, for in th thee needs area ofof Vojvodinathe EU, in province,the area ofthe Vojvodina production province, of black the oat production seeds has beenof black organized oat seeds since has 2013 been (Scheme organized1), which since 2013 also (Schemerepresents 1), its which introduction also represents into Serbia its introduction [12]. into Serbia [12]. SchemeScheme 1. 1. BlackBlack oat oat seed seed production production near near Alibunar Alibunar city, city, Serbia (Photo:(Photo: Ugrenović, Ugrenovi´c,2018). 2018). BesideBeside the the fact fact that that oat, oat, like like many many other other cereals, cereals, the the black black oat oat is is highly highly adaptable, adaptable, onlyonly cultivars cultivars with with modest modest input input demands demands are are suitable suitable for for growing growing in in different stress environmentsenvironments [13] [13].. The The less less productive productive soils soils could could significant significantlyly decrease decrease the the production. production. DueDue to differencesdifferences in in the the structure structure of theof the pedological pedological profile, profile, the processesthe processes of transformation of transfor- mationand migration and migration of mineral of andmineral organic and matter, organic as matter, well as as physicochemical well as physicochemical characteristics, charac- the teristics,productivity the productivity and quality of and plants quality are differentof plants in are different different types in different of soil [14 types]. However, of soil [14] with. However,knowledge with of the knowledge genetic resources, of the genetic the needs resources, of plants the and needs plant of response, plants and as well plant as there- sponse,agroecological as well conditions as the agro ofecological the specific conditions region, it isof possible the specific to optimize region, plantit is possible production to optimizeand the rational plant production use of production and the inputs.rational use of production inputs. Therefore,Therefore, the mainmain purposepurpose of of this this study study was was to evaluateto evaluate the performancethe performance of com- of commercialmercial black black oat varietiesoat varieties in different in different localities, localities, different different soil typesoil andtype differentand different years yearsof study. of study. In that In sense, thatthe sense, goal the of thegoal conducted of the conduct researched was research to study was the to ontogenesis study the ontogenesisand productive and characteristics productive ofcharacteristics this new plant of species this innew organic plant production species in systems organic in productiondifferent agroecological systems in different conditions agroecological of Pannonian conditions environments. of Pannonian The best environments. management Thepractices best management identified in thispractices preliminary identified study in can this then preliminary be verified study and extrapolatedcan then be verified
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identification of Cereal Remains from Archaeological Sites 2Nd Edition 2006
    Identification of cereal remains from archaeological sites 2nd edition 2006 Spikelet fork of the “new glume wheat” (Jones et al. 2000) Stefanie JACOMET and collaborators Archaeobotany Lab IPAS, Basel University English translation partly by James Greig CEREALS: CEREALIA Fam. Poaceae /Gramineae (Grasses) Systematics and Taxonomy All cereal species belong botanically (taxonomically) to the large family of the Gramineae (Poaceae). This is one of the largest Angiosperm families with >10 000 different species. In the following the systematics for some of the most imporant taxa is shown: class: Monocotyledoneae order: Poales familiy: Poaceae (= Gramineae) (Süssgräser) subfamily: Pooideae Tribus: Triticeae Subtribus: Triticinae genera: Triticum (Weizen, wheat); Aegilops ; Hordeum (Gerste; barley); Elymus; Hordelymus; Agropyron; Secale (Roggen, rye) Note : Avena and the millets belong to other Tribus. The identification of prehistoric cereal remains assumes understanding of different subject areas in botany. These are mainly morphology and anatomy, but also phylogeny and evolution (and today, also genetics). Since most of the cereal species are treated as domesticated plants, many different forms such as subspecies, varieties, and forms appear inside the genus and species (see table below). In domesticates the taxonomical category of variety is also called “sort” (lat. cultivar, abbreviated: cv.). This refers to a variety which evolved through breeding. Cultivar is the lowest taxonomic rank in the domesticated plants. Occasionally, cultivars are also called races: e.g. landraces evolved through genetic isolation, under local environmental conditions whereas „high-breed-races“ were breed by strong selection of humans. Anyhow: The morphological delimitation of cultivars is difficult, sometimes even impossible. It needs great experience and very detailed morphological knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Origin of the Avenacin Gene Cluster for Synthesis of Defense Compounds in Oats
    Adaptive metabolic gene clusters as toolkits for chemical innovation: Investigation of the origin of the avenacin gene cluster for synthesis of defense compounds in oats Hoi Yee Chu (Athena) A thesis submitted to the University of East Anglia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia John Innes Centre Norwich, the United Kingdoms September 2013 c This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there-from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract Operon-like gene clusters are functional cassettes of physically linked and non-homologous genes involved in the same pathway. To date, 20 such plant gene clusters have been discovered, all of which are involved in specialised metabolism. Plant gene clusters raise interesting biological questions about their importance and the drivers behind their formation. This thesis describes the investigation of the evolution of the avenacin gene cluster, discovered in the diploid oat Avena strigosa S75, via wet-bench experiments and bioinformatic analyses, commencing with the general introduction (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 to 4 describe the survey on the avenacin production, expression pattern and phylogeny of the five characterized avenacin biosynthetic (Sad) genes within Aveninae, focusing on Avena L. The genomes of all Avena spp. investigated, including the avenacin deficient A. longiglumis, possess the five Sad gene homologues. The expression pattern of the Sad gene homolgoues vary in a genome-type dependent manner that it is root-specific amongst A genome oats.
    [Show full text]
  • Avena Strigosa Schreb.) Germplasm
    EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ________________________________________ Thomas Antony Certificate of Approval: _________________________ _________________________ David B. Weaver Edzard van Santen, Chair Professor Professor Agronomy and Soils Agronomy and Soils _______________________ _________________________ Andrew J. Price Joe F. Pittman Assistant Professor Interim Dean Agronomy and Soils Graduate School EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 17, 2007 EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon the request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ___________________________________ Signature of Author ___________________________________ Date of Graduation iii THESIS ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony Master of Science, December 17, 2007 (B.S. (Agriculture), Kerala Agricultural University, India, 2002) (B.S. (Botany), Mahatma Gandhi University, India, 1995) 156 Typed Pages Directed by Edzard van Santen Black oat has become an important winter cover crop in subtropical and temperate regions. Originating in the northern parts of Spain and Portugal, black oat cultivation has spread to different parts of the globe. Even though different in ploidy level, diploid black oat has been used in many hexaploid common oat ( A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multilevel Exploration of Avena Strigosa Diversity As a Prelude To
    Podyma et al. BMC Plant Biology (2019) 19:291 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1819-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A multilevel exploration of Avena strigosa diversity as a prelude to promote alternative crop Wiesław Podyma1,2 , Paulina Bolc1 , Joanna Nocen1 , Marta Puchta1 , Sylwia Wlodarczyk1 , Boguslaw Lapinski1 and Maja Boczkowska1,2* Abstract Background: Sand oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), one of the four cultivated species of the genus Avena, could be considered as another alternative crop. In gene banks 865 germplasm samples of this species have been preserved that have not been thoroughly investigated so far. The results of phenotyping (36 traits), isoenzymatic (12 systems) and genetic (8 pairs of Sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers) variation were used to obtain the complete description of 56 accessions diversity originated from different parts of world. Results: Breeded and weedy forms represented similar pool of morphological traits that indicated a short-term and extensive breeding process, albeit all accessions which we classified as cultivated were characterized by better grain and green mass parameters compared to the weedy ones. Isoenzymes showed relationships with geographical origin, which was not possible to detect by SRAP markers. There was no similarity between morphological and biochemical results. The polymorphism level of SRAP markers was lower than indicated by the available literature data for other species, however it may result from the analysis of pooled samples of accessions with a high internal variability. The extensive type of breeding and its relatively short duration was also reflected in the population structure results. Joint analysis revealed that a secondary centre of diversity is being created in South America and that it has its genealogy from the Iberian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • BLACK OATS (Avena Strigosa)
    Cover Crop Information Sheet BLACK OATS (Avena strigosa) True black oats (Avena strigosa) are a different species than oats (Avena sativa) usually planted in the Coastal Plain. They produce a dense, thick growth and will produce comparable biomass to cereal rye at half to 2/3 the height. They are less cold tolerant than common oats. There are two varieties of black oat available for sale in the U.S. – “SoilSaver” and “Pratex”. Seeds for SoilSaver are not currently commercially available due to seed crop failure. Recommended Varieties Variety Reasons Why Source SoilSaver Increased cold tolerance. USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Planting Information Information Comments Source Drilled Seed 1 - 1 ½ USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Depth (inches) Drilled Seeding 50 - 70 Managing Cover Crops Rate (lbs/acre) Profitably, USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Broadcast 100 USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Seeding Rate (lbs/acre) Aerial Seeding N/A Rate (lbs/acre) Termination Information Information Source Black oats are not as cold hardy as most oat varieties. They will usually winter kill USDA Black Oats Plant Guide at less than 19F depending on growth stage. SoilSaver was developed to be more cold tolerant. Black oats can be terminated by herbicides, rolling & crimping, mowing, and tillage. They can be killed by rolling & crimping alone at the early milk stage. Rolling & crimping should be combined with herbicides at earlier growth stages. Consult your local Extension and state Pest Management Handbook for herbicide recommendations. Always follow the herbicide label. Continue to next page… southerncovercrops.org 1 Cover Crop Information Sheet BLACK OATS (Avena strigosa) Cultural Traits Traits Comments Source Typical Dry 4,000 - 7,000 USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Matter Range (lbs/acre) Typical Total N 15 - 30 Unpublished Literature Review Range (lbs/acre) in Coastal Plain – Gaskin Life Cycle Cool season USDA Black Oats Plant Guide annual grain Growth Habit Upright USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Preferred Soil pH 4.5 - 7.3 USDA Black Oats Plant Guide Relative Seed N/A Currently not available.
    [Show full text]
  • Physilogical and Biochemical Responses of Avena Species To
    Vol. 12(43), pp. 6170-6175, 23 October, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.1044 ISSN 1684-5315 ©2013 Academic Journals African Journal of Biotechnology http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Studies on morpho-physiological characters of different Avena species under stress conditions H. C. Pandey1*, M. J. Baig2, Shahid Ahmed1, Vikas Kumar1 and Praveen Singh3 1Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orrisa, India. 3SKUAST-J, Poonch-185101. Jammu & Kashmir. India Accepted 12 April, 2013 Seven species of oat (Avena) were evaluated for their relative drought tolerance under soil moisture stress. The plant height, leaf area production and biomass yield reduced under soil moisture stress. Among the species tested, minimum reduction in height was recorded in Avena vaviloviana, Avena abyssinica and Avena sterilis at vegetative and flowering stages. Significant decrease in leaf area production was recorded at vegetative stage, whereas at flowering stage, the decrease in leaf area production was marginal in A. sterilis followed by A. abyssinica predicting their more adaption to stress environment. The increase in specific leaf weight (SLW) of all the species of Avena showed increase in leaf thickness, exhibiting high water retention capacity under soil moisture stress condition which is a requisite trait for drought tolerance. Soil moisture stress imposed at vegetative and flowering stages reduced fresh biomass yield in all the species. Minimum reduction in dry biomass accumulation under stress environment at vegetative stage was recorded in A. sterilis followed by A. strigosa and A. sativa, exhibiting their tolerance to drought at early stages of growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Meiotic Studies of Some Avena Species and Populations in Iran
    Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 14(2): 121-131 (2003) University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104 MEIOTIC STUDIES OF SOME AVENA SPECIES AND POPULATIONS IN IRAN M. Sheidai*, P. Koobaz, and B. Zehzad Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract Eleven populations of five Avena species were analysed for meiotic characters including chiasma frequency and distribution as well as chromosomal association and segregation. Plants of a single population of A. eriantha showed the presence of 2n = 14 (diploid) and 2n = 4x = 28 chromosome number. Populations of A. barbata and A. wiestii possessed n = 14, while populations of A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana possessed 2n = 6x = 42 (hexaploid) chromosome number. Tetraploid and hexaploid species showed diplontic behavior and formed only bivalents. The species and populations studied differed significantly in the frequency of chiasmata. B-chromosomes occurred in some of the species studied. Cytomixis and chromosome elimination led to aneuploid and unreduced pollen mother cell formation in the species studied. Keywords: Avena; B-chromosomes; Chiasma frequency; Cytomixis study considers the meiotic analysis of some Avena Introduction species/populations in Iran trying to reveal the ploidy The genus Avena L. (Tribe Aveneae) comprises level and the basic cytogenetic information of these about 27 species throughout the world [3], out of which species for the first time. 9 or 10 species occur in Iran [4,18]. These species are considered as important range grasses of Iran and grow Materials and Methods wild throughout the country. All Avena species are inbreeders and annuals with Plant Material the exception of A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Repetitive DNA Landscape in Avena (Poaceae): Chromosome
    Liu et al. BMC Plant Biology (2019) 19:226 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1769-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The repetitive DNA landscape in Avena (Poaceae): chromosome and genome evolution defined by major repeat classes in whole-genome sequence reads Qing Liu1* , Xiaoyu Li1,2, Xiangying Zhou1,2, Mingzhi Li3, Fengjiao Zhang4, Trude Schwarzacher1,5 and John Seymour Heslop-Harrison1,5* Abstract Background: Repetitive DNA motifs – not coding genetic information and repeated millions to hundreds of times – make up the majority of many genomes. Here, we identify the nature, abundance and organization of all the repetitive DNA families in oats (Avena sativa,2n =6x = 42, AACCDD), a recognized health-food, and its wild relatives. Results: Whole-genome sequencing followed by k-mer and RepeatExplorer graph-based clustering analyses enabled assessment of repetitive DNA composition in common oat and its wild relatives’ genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based karyotypes are developed to understand chromosome and repetitive sequence evolution of common oat. We show that some 200 repeated DNA motifs make up 70% of the Avena genome, with less than 20 families making up 20% of the total. Retroelements represent the major component, with Ty3/Gypsy elements representing more than 40% of all the DNA, nearly three times more abundant than Ty1/Copia elements. DNA transposons are about 5% of the total, while tandemly repeated, satellite DNA sequences fit into 55 families and represent about 2% of the genome. The Avena species are monophyletic, but both bioinformatic comparisons of repeats in the different genomes, and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes from the hexaploid species, shows that some repeat families are specific to individual genomes, or the A and D genomes together.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization and Variable Expression of the Cslf6 Homologs in Oat (Avena Sp.)
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2012-08-09 Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.) Melissa A. Coon Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Coon, Melissa A., "Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.)" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 3750. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3750 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.) Melissa Coon A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Eric N. Jellen, Chair Peter J. Maughan Gongshe Hu Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University December 2012 Copyright © 2012 Melissa Coon All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.) Melissa Coon Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science (1,3;1,4)-β- D-glucan (β-glucan) is a plant cell wall hemicellulose and a main component of endosperm cell walls. The Cellulose Synthase F family of genes is involved in the synthesis of β-glucan. In this study full-length genomic sequences of CslF6 were obtained from multiple Avena species.
    [Show full text]
  • Soilsaver – a Black Oat Winter Cover Crop for Teh Lower
    Conservation Systems Research Using a Black Oat Winter Cover Crop for the Lower United States Southeastern Coastal Plain Department of Agriculture CONSERVATION SYSTEMS FACT SHEET NO. 01 Agricultural Black oat (Avena strigosa) is a cool Research season, winter annual grass that Service grows well in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. ‘SoilSaver’ black oat National Soil (Avena strigosa Schreb.) is a joint Dynamics release between AuburnUniversity Laboratory and IAPAR (Institute of Agronomy Conservation of Paraná, Brazil). It was selected Systems for increased cold tolerance by Research Auburn University and USDA-ARS researchers from a population of ‘IAPAR-61-Ibiporã’, a public variety released by IAPAR (Institute of Black oat residue Agronomy of Paraná, Brazil) and the Comissao Paranaense de Avaliacao de Forrageiras (Parananese Commission for Evalua- Conservation tion of Forages-CPAF). Systems Fact Sheet Yields No. 01 Black oat seeds have on average a thousand seed weight of 15 g and are light tan in color. Expected seed yields range from 800 to 1400 lb/acre. Black oat is intended for March 2005 use as a cover crop and biomass yield is more important than seed yield. ‘SoilSaver’ rev. April 2016 black oat was compared to ‘Wintergrazer 70’ rye (Secale cereale L.) and ‘GA Gore’ wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a cover crop from 1994/95 - 1996/97 in a conservation tillage experiment in Headland, AL (Table 1). ‘SoilSaver’ black oat compared favorably to both these small grains in biomass production, with the exception of the 1995/96 season, Contact us: when consecutive low temperatures of 15°F, 12°F, and 12°F on 4-6 February, respectively, USDA-ARS-NSDL killed the black oat in 1996*.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrients Accumulation in Black Oat (Avena Strigosa) and Pearl Millet (Pennicetum Glaucum) After Application of Herbicides Glyphosate Or Glufosinate-Ammonium
    AJCS 12(09):1370-1376 (2018) ISSN:1835-2707 doi: 10.21475/ajcs.18.12.09.PNE679 Nutrients accumulation in black oat (Avena strigosa) and pearl millet (Pennicetum glaucum) after application of herbicides glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium Virginia Damin*1, P.C.O. Trivelin2 1Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (EA/UFG), Av Esperança, sn, CP 131, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia- GO, Brazil 2Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Lab. Isótopos Estáveis. Av. Centenário, 303 cx.postal 96, CEP 13416-000, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Cover crops used in conservative cropping systems can accumulate large amounts of nutrients, reducing nutrient losses from the soil-plant system and improving the nutrient use efficiency in crops. However, recent researches demonstrated that herbicides used to kill cover crop could decrease N status in the straw, reducing the nutrient availability to the cash crop. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium application in K, P, Ca, Mg, S and C status in plant´s tissues of black oat (Avena strigosa) and peal millet (Pennicetum glaucum) desiccated with herbicides. An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a factorial design 2x3. The evaluated factors were cover crop (black oat or peal millet) and cover crop management (1-Control- mechanical cut, without herbicide application; 2-Glyphosate- cover crop desiccation with glyphosate; 3-Glufosinate- cover crop dessication with ammonium-glufosinate). Dry mass production, nutrients accumulation in plants part and entire plants and the nutrient´s utilization efficiencies were determined.
    [Show full text]