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Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) of Taiwan: II

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Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) of Taiwan: II 台灣農業研究 (J. Taiwan Agric. Res.) 68(2):91–113 (2019) Research Article DOI:10.6156/JTAR.201906_68(2).0001 Taxonomic Description of Idolothripinae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) of Taiwan: II. Tribe Pygothripini Chin-Ling Wang1, Yi-Ju Chen2, and Feng-Chyi Lin3,* Abstract Wang, C. L., Y. J. Chen, and F. C. Lin. 2019. Taxonomic description of Idolothripinae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) of Taiwan: II. Tribe Pygothripini. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 68(2):91–113. This paper reviews 7 genera and 17 species of thrips in tribe Pygothripini of subfamily Idolo- thripinae in Taiwan. Identification keys are provided, and major characteristics are described and illus- trated. There are 2 new species, Ethirothrips rubeus Wang and Ethirothrips yangi Wang. Ethirothrips stenomelas (Walker) was recorded for the first time in Taiwan. Allothrips taiwanus Okajima and Scotothrips chui Chen are new synonyms of Allothrips nubillicauda discolor Chen and Ethirothrips tibialis Okajima, respectively. Key words: Taxonomy, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae, Idolothripinae, Taiwan. INTRODUCTION lothripinae species, Rhaebothrips lativentris (= Nesothrips lativentris). Moulton (1928) added The insects belonging to order Thysanop- 3 new species, Machatothrips artocarpi, M. tera are divided into two suborders, Terebran- celosia and Smerinthothrips yuasari (= Neso- tia and Tubulifera. The only family under sub- thrips lativentris). Chen (1980, 1982) made order Tubulifera is Phlaeothripidae, and two a survey in Taiwan and recognized 10 genera subfamilies are recognized, Idolothripinae and and 15 species which including 2 new species, Phlaeothripinae. Scotothrips chui and S. virgulae, and one new The spore-feeding Idolothripinae are de- subspecies, Allothrips nubillicauda discolor. vided into two tribes, Idolothripini and Pygo- In the same paper, Chen also listed 3 new re- thripini. Five genera and 11 species in tribe cords, Megathrips (= Bactrothrips) honoris Idolothripini found in Taiwan were reviewed Bagnall, Dichaetothrips indicus (Bagnall), previously (Wang et al. 2018). Here Taiwanese and Scotothrips claripennis (Moulton). Some species of tribe Pygothripini were described in of these specimens are re-identified and their this paper. taxonomic positions are altered in this paper. Karny (1913b) first described a new Ido- Okajima (1979) published a new species, Gas- Received: May 25, 2018; Accepted: December 7, 2018. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 1 Former Research Fellow and Division Director, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agri- culture, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. 2 Assistant Research Fellow, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, Tai- wan, ROC. 3 Associate Research Fellow, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, Tai- wan, ROC. 92 台灣農業研究 第 68 卷 第 2 期 trothrips fuscatus from Taiwan. In 2006, he 4 Head with 3 pairs of expanded setae; tube published 4 new Acallurothrips from Japan short, not triangular ................... Allothrips and Taiwan. – Head without expanded setae; tube triangu- lar ...................................... Acallurothrips MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 Female tarsal tooth present; femur enlarged, bearing several spurs ........... Machatothrips Specimens studied were from four dif- – Female tarsal tooth present or absent; femur ferent sources: thrips collected by the authors without spurs .......................................... 6 from year 1993 to 2006 and deposited at Taiwan 6 Head square; pelta triangular, reticles irreg- Agricultural Research Institute (TARI); slides ular ....................................... Gastrothrips deposited at TARI by R. Takahashi; slides de- – Head square or long; pelta hat-shaped, reti- posited at TARI by L. S. Chen; slides loaned cles dense and regular ............................. 7 from Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan. 7 Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent; Identification keys and characteristic de- center of pelta covered with regular hexago- scriptions were made by examination and com- nal reticles ............................. Ethirothrips parison of these slides. – Metathoracic sternopleural sutures present; center of pelta covered with transverse hex- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION agonal reticles .......................... Nesothrips Key to tribes of subfamily Idolothripinae Acallurothrips Bagnall (Fig. 1F) Bagnall, 1921:269. Type spe- 1 Metasternum without sternopleural su- Acallurothrips cies: Acallurothrips macrurus Bagnall. tures; pelta without campaniform sensilla; Female. Body size small to medium, wing-retaining setae 2 pairs or more (except macropterous; antennae 7 (or 8)-segmented, Hystricothripina with only one pair); tube segments VII and VIII fused; segments III and with or without long setae ...... Idolothripini IV with 2 and 4 sense cones, respectively (Fig. – Metasternum with or without sternopleural 1F); maxillary stylets wide apart, V-shaped; sutures; pelta with or without campaniform prosternal basantra present; metathoracic ster- sensilla; one pair of wing-retaining setae; nopleural suture present; forewings without tube without long setae ........... Pygothripini duplicated cilia; tergites II–VII each with one Key to genera of tribe Pygothripini in pair of wing-retaining setae, short and straight; Taiwan tube narrow toward apical end, shaped like a truncated cone, covered with numerous small 1 Maxillary stylets close together medially in tubercles. head ....................................................... 2 Male. Apterous. – Maxillary stylets wide apart or V-shaped in About 22 species were recorded in the head ....................................................... 3 world (ThripsWiki 2018). 2 Ventral side of eyes normal; antennal seg- ment IV with 2 (rarely 3 or 4) sense cones .. Key to species of Acallurothrips in Taiwan .............................................. Phaulothrips 1 Metanotum with campaniform sensilla – Ventral side of eyes longer than dorsal side; ............................................................... 2 antennal segment IV with 3 sense cones – Metanotum without campaniform sensilla ............................. subtribe Compsothripina ............................................................... 3 (no records from Taiwan) 2 Tube long; S2 setae on tergite IX smaller 3 Antennal segments VII and VIII fused ..... 4 than S1 setae ............................ casuarinae – Antennal segments VII and VIII separated – Tube short, about same as its width; S2 se- ............................................................... 5 tae on tergite IX stronger and longer than S1 Pygothripini of Taiwan 93 setae ................................................ hagai forewings greyish brown; major setae brown; 3 S2 setae on tergite IX stronger and longer femora grayish on distal end, tarsi yellow. than S1 setae ............................. hanatanii Head nearly quadrate, length about 1.2 – S2 setae on tergite IX smaller than S1 setae times width (Fig. 1A); postocular setae sharp, ...................................................... nonaki slightly longer than eyes; maxillary stylets reaching posterior margin of eyes; antennal Acallurothrips casuarinae Okajima (Fig. 8-segmented, segments VII and VIII fused 1G) (Fig. 1F). Pronotum wider than long, major Acallurothrips casuarinae Okajima, 1993:87– setae sharp; metanotum with a pair of campan- 89. iform sensilla; fore leg with tarsal tooth. Pelta Female. Body length 1.6–2.0 mm on slide. triangular, posterior margin irregular (Fig. Color dark brown, abdomen darker toward 1C); S2 setae on tergite IX long and stout (Fig. posterior segments, tube darkest; antennal seg- 1D); tube width about same as its length, as ments I, II and basal half of III yellow, distal long as head, laterally almost rounded, surface half of III and rest of segments brown to dark with numerous tubercles (Fig. 1E). brown; forewings grayish brown; major setae Male. Body smaller. Color similar to fe- yellow; femora yellow on distal end. male; fore leg with tarsal tooth, femur usually Head broad, width about 1.7 times its larger than that of female (Fig. 1B). length; postocular setae sharp, slightly longer Distribution. Taiwan, Japan. than eyes; maxillary stylets reaching posterior Specimens examined. Paratypes: 1F1M, margin of eyes. Pronotum wider than long, ma- Hyogo (Japan), dead branches of ever-green jor setae sharp; metanotum with a pair of cam- tree, 6.i.1984 (Okajima); 1F, Chinjing Farm paniform sensilla; forewing without duplicated (Nantou), dead wood, 5.vi.1996. cilia; fore tarsal tooth present. Pelta triangular, Acallurothrips hanatanii Okajima (Fig. posterior margin irregular (Fig. 1G); tube tri- angular, about same length of head, with nu- 1H) merous tubercles. Acallurothrips hanatanii Okajima, 1993:92–94. Male. Body smaller. Color similar to fe- Female. Body length 1.5–1.7 mm on slide. male; fore tarsal tooth present; S2 setae on Color dark brown, abdomen darker toward tergite IX small; tube triangular, about same posterior segments, tube yellowish, paler than length as its width, and as long as head. segment IX; antennal segment I yellow, II Distribution. Taiwan, Japan. brownish yellow, III brown with yellow base, Specimens examined. 1F, Okinawa (Ja- rest of segments from brown to dark brown, pan), dead leaves and branches, 4.ix.1989 darker toward apical segments; forewings (Okajima); 1M, Okajima (Japan), dead branch- grayish brown; main
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