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Tylosaurine Mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of Northern Germany
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences —– Geologie en Mijnbouw | 94 – 1 | 55-71 | 2015 doi: 10.1017/njg.2014.31 Tylosaurine mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Germany J.J. Hornung1,2,* &M.Reich3,4 1 Georg-August University Gottingen,¨ Geoscience Centre, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidt-Straße 3, 37077 Gottingen,¨ Germany 2 Current address: Fuhlsbuttler¨ Str. 611, 22337 Hamburg, Germany 3 SNSB - Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 4 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munchen,¨ Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 27 April 2014, accepted: 18 September 2014 Abstract Two genera of tylosaurine mosasaurs, Tylosaurus and Hainosaurus, are recorded for the first time from Germany. Tylosaurus sp. is represented by two isolated tooth crowns, originally described as Mosasaurus? alseni (here considered a nomen dubium) from the latest Santonian–Early Campanian, which are very similar to T. ivoensis and T. gaudryi.ThematerialofHainosaurus sp. comprises a maxillary with associated postorbitofrontal, two pterygoid teeth and several indeterminate cranial fragments. The specimen from the Late Campanian is slightly less derived than H. bernardi from the Maastrichtian in retaining labiolingually less compressed anterior maxillary teeth and unserrated pterygoid teeth with only very weak carinae. Despite only minor skeletal differences, the genus Hainosaurus is considered to be distinct from Tylosaurus because of its significant modification of the dental apparatus compared to the plesiomorphic condition in the latter. This dental morphology suggests a phylogenetic trend from a generalised-piercing marginal dentition in Tylosaurus towards the increasingly labiolingually compressed, symmetrical, strongly bicarinate cutting marginal teeth in Hainosaurus spp. -
Lineages, Splits and Divergence Challenge Whether the Terms Anagenesis and Cladogenesis Are Necessary
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, , – . With 2 figures. Lineages, splits and divergence challenge whether the terms anagenesis and cladogenesis are necessary FELIX VAUX*, STEVEN A. TREWICK and MARY MORGAN-RICHARDS Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Received 3 June 2015; revised 22 July 2015; accepted for publication 22 July 2015 Using the framework of evolutionary lineages to separate the process of evolution and classification of species, we observe that ‘anagenesis’ and ‘cladogenesis’ are unnecessary terms. The terms have changed significantly in meaning over time, and current usage is inconsistent and vague across many different disciplines. The most popular definition of cladogenesis is the splitting of evolutionary lineages (cessation of gene flow), whereas anagenesis is evolutionary change between splits. Cladogenesis (and lineage-splitting) is also regularly made synonymous with speciation. This definition is misleading as lineage-splitting is prolific during evolution and because palaeontological studies provide no direct estimate of gene flow. The terms also fail to incorporate speciation without being arbitrary or relative, and the focus upon lineage-splitting ignores the importance of divergence, hybridization, extinction and informative value (i.e. what is helpful to describe as a taxon) for species classification. We conclude and demonstrate that evolution and species diversity can be considered with greater clarity using simpler, more transparent terms than anagenesis and cladogenesis. Describing evolution and taxonomic classification can be straightforward, and there is no need to ‘make words mean so many different things’. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 00, 000–000. -
Lowest Paleogene Strata on Vega Island, Antarctica
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 402 (2014) 55–72 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Stratigraphy and vertebrate paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous–?lowest Paleogene strata on Vega Island, Antarctica Eric M. Roberts a,⁎, Matthew C. Lamanna b, Julia A. Clarke c, Jin Meng d, Eric Gorscak e, Joseph J.W. Sertich f, Patrick M. O'Connor e, Kerin M. Claeson g,RossD.E.MacPheeh a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia b Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA c Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1100, Austin, TX 78712, USA d Department of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024, USA e Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA f Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80205, USA g Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA h Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024, USA article info abstract Article history: The Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Sandwich Bluff Member of the López de Bertodano Formation is well Received 24 October 2013 exposed on Vega Island in the James Ross Basin off the northeastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Although Received in revised form 18 February 2014 this unit is one of the richest sources of end-Cretaceous vertebrate fossils in Antarctica, it is also one of the Accepted 3 March 2014 least sedimentologically and stratigraphically characterized units in the basin. -
Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of the Inoceramid Species from the Mid-Turonian Through Upper Middle Coniacian in Japan
Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 48 (1998), No.4, pp. 435-482 Palaeontology and stratigraphy of the inoceramid species from the mid-Turonian through upper Middle Coniacian in Japan MASAYUKI NODAl & TATSURO MATSUMOT02 IFukagochi 5kumi, Oita 870-0881, Japan 2c/O Department of Earth & Planetary Science, Kyushu University 33, Fukuoka 812, Japan ABSTRACT: NODA, M. & MATSUMOTO, T. 1998. Palaeontology and stratigraphy of the inoceramid species from the mid-Turonian through upper Middle Coniacian in Japan. Acta Geologica Polonica, 48 (4),435-482. Warszawa. Upper Cretaceous strata are weIl exposed in many areas of Japan, although good exposures through the Turonian/Coniacian boundary are not common. This paper focuses on six areas in Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu and documents the stratigraphical distributions of inoceramid species. These data are used to summarise the stratigraphical ranges of Turonian/Coniacian taxa in Japan. In part 1 of the paper, 17 species are described, with some biometric data and phylogenetic interpretation. These species are: Inoceramus (1noceramus) hobetsensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (1.) teshioensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, 1. (1.) iburiensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (1.) tenuistriatus NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (1.) pedalionoides NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (1.) lusatiae ANDERT, I. (1.) uwajimensis YEHARA, I. (Cremnoceramus) rotun datus FIEGE, I. (Cr.) ernsti HEINZ, I. (Cr.) deformis MEEK, I. (Cr.) lueckendorfensis TRaGER, I. (Platyceramus) tappuensis nom. nov., I. (Pl.) szaszi NODA & UCHIDA, I. (Volviceramus) koeneni MULLER, Mytiloides incertus (JI!VlBO), M. mytiloidiformis (TRaGER), and M. sublabiatus (MULLER). In part 2, the stratigraphical distribution and correlation of these species are discussed. INTRODUCTION boundary problem (MATSUMOTO & NODA 1985; NOD A 1992, 1996; NOD A & UCHIDA 1995). -
TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North -
Fordyce, RE 2006. New Light on New Zealand Mesozoic Reptiles
Fordyce, R. E. 2006. New light on New Zealand Mesozoic reptiles. Geological Society of New Zealand newsletter 140: 6-15. The text below differs from original print format, but has the same content. P 6 New light on New Zealand Mesozoic reptiles R. Ewan Fordyce, Associate Professor, Otago University ([email protected]) Jeff Stilwell and coauthors recently (early 2006) published the first report of dinosaur bones from Chatham Island. The fossils include convincing material, and the occurrence promises more finds. Questions remain, however, about the stratigraphic setting. This commentary summarises the recent finds, considers earlier reports of New Zealand Mesozoic vertebrates, and reviews some broader issues of Mesozoic reptile paleobiology relevant to New Zealand. The Chatham Island finds A diverse team reports on the Chathams finds. Jeff Stilwell (fig. 1 here) is an invertebrate paleontologist with research interests on Gondwana breakup and Southern Hemisphere Cretaceous-early Cenozoic molluscs (e.g. Stilwell & Zinsmeister 1992), including Chatham Islands (1997). Several authors are vertebrate paleontologists – Chris Consoli, Tom Rich, Pat Vickers-Rich, Steven Salisbury, and Phil Currie – with diverse experience of dinosaurs. Rupert Sutherland and Graeme Wilson (GNS) are well-known for their research on tectonics and biostratigraphy. The Chathams article describes a range of isolated bones attributed to theropod (“beast-footed,” carnivorous) dinosaurs, including a centrum (main part or body of a vertebra), a pedal phalanx (toe bone), the proximal head of a tibia (lower leg bone, at the knee joint), a manual phalanx (finger bone) and a manual ungual (terminal “claw” of a finger). On names of groups, fig. -
Correlation of Albian European and Tethyan Ammonite Zonations and the Boundaries of the Albian Stage and Substages: Some Comments
Correlation of Albian European and Tethyan ammonite zonations and the boundaries of the Albian Stage and substages: some comments Hugh G. Owen Owen, H.G. Correlation of Albian European and Tethyan ammonite zonations and the boundaries of the Albian Stage and substages: some comments. — Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue 3: 129-149, 5 figs., Lei• den, December 1999. H.G. Owen, Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England (UK). Key words: Early Cretaceous, Albian Stage, ammonite zonation, European and Tethyan faunal provinces Although the so-called 'standard' ammonite zonation of the Albian contains index species which occur in the Tethyan province, the scheme largely reflects the faunal succession in the European fau• nal province with its endemic sonneratiinid and hoplitinid faunal elements. Workers in the Tethyan province, stretching from South America in the west to Australia in the east, including southern Africa, Madagascar and India, face problems in the correlation of their successions with this so-called 'standard' scheme. There are other problems in that the succession of hoplitinid ammonites used in the biostratigraphy of European Albian sediments allows a far more detailed zonation to be made than in the case of some of the longer time-ranging Tethyan forms. This paper comments on propos• als made recently for the delimiting of the base of the Albian Stage, and the Middle and Upper Sub- stages, based on ammonite faunas. New information which affects the Albian ammonite zonation in the European faunal province and its correlation with the Tethyan province is discussed. The current hierarchical framework of zones and subzones used in the European faunal province may prove to be unsatisfactory in interprovincial correlation and particularly if the lower boundary of the Albian Stage was placed within the current Leymeriella tardefurcata ammonite Zone, instead of at its base. -
I Exploring the Relationship Between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving
Exploring the Relationship between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving Behavior, and Size Variation of the Parietal Eye in Mosasaurs By Andrew M. Connolly Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. __________________________________ Stephen T. Hasiotis, Chairperson __________________________________ Rafe M. Brown __________________________________ Jennifer A. Roberts Date Defended: March 25, 2016 i The Thesis Committee for Andrew M. Connolly certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Exploring the Relationship between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving Behavior, and Size Variation of the Parietal Eye in Mosasaurs __________________________________ Stephen T. Hasiotis, Chairperson Date Approved: March 25, 2016 ii ABSTRACT Andrew M. Connolly, M.S. Department of Geology, March 2015 University of Kansas The parietal eye (PE) in modern squamates (Reptilia) plays a major role in regulating body temperature, maintaining circadian rhythms, and orientation via the solar axis. This study is the first to determine the role, if any, of the PE in an extinct group of lizards. We analyzed variation in relative size of the parietal foramen (PF) of five mosasaur genera to explore the relationship between PF size and paleolatitudinal distribution. We also surveyed the same specimens for the presence of avascular necrosis—a result of deep- diving behavior—in the vertebrae. Plioplatecarpus had the largest PF followed by Platecarpus, Tylosaurus, Mosasaurus, and Clidastes. A weak relationship exists between paleolatitudinal distribution and PF size among genera, as Plioplatecarpus had the highest paleolatitudinal distribution (~78°N) and the largest PF among genera. -
Albian Black Flysch Group Deposits) and Vation of the Abundant Organic Input
Syntectonic deposits and punctuated limb rotation in an Albian submarine transpressional fold (Mutriku village, Basque-Cantabrian basin, northern Spain) L.M. Agirrezabala* Estratigra®a eta Paleontologia Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 postakutxa, 48080 Bilbao, Spain H.G. Owen Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK J. GarcõÂa-MondeÂjar Estratigra®a eta Paleontologia Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 postakutxa, 48080 Bilbao, Spain ABSTRACT strata and angular unconformity geome- Cenozoic foreland basins. Fewer cases have tries, temporal variation of deformation been reported from strike-slip basins. Field Deep-water syntectonic deposits and an- rates, and bedding-parallel faulting indi- and modeling studies support two contrasting, gular unconformities record the denudation cate folding by progressive limb rotation geometrically based kinematic models: instan- and deformation history of the middle Cre- and associated ¯exural slip. Local northwest- taneous limb rotation and progressive limb ro- taceous Aitzeta structure, interpreted here southeast compression is deduced in for- tation. The former model is based upon kink- as a monoclinal syncline associated with the mation of the Aitzeta syncline. The pres- band migration and displays constant dips on high-angle reverse Mutriku fault (Basque- ence of bedding-parallel oblique faulting the fold limbs (Suppe, 1983; Suppe et al., Cantabrian basin, northern Spain). Sedi- and minor drag folds suggests a component 1997). The second model produces limb ro- mentological and structural analyses, com- of right-oblique movement along the Mu- tation and increasing limb dips during growth bined with a precise chronostratigraphy triku fault. (Riba, 1976; Holl and Anastasio, 1993; Hardy based on ammonites, permit us to docu- and Poblet, 1994; VergeÂs et al., 1996; Schnei- ment in detail the history of this syncline Keywords: Albian, Basque, folding, rates, during ;0.53 m.y. -
Ammonoid Biodiversity Changes Across the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan
Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan KEN’ICHI KURIHARA, SEIICHI TOSHIMITSU, and HIROMICHI HIRANO Kurihara, K., Toshimitsu, S., and Hirano, H. 2012. Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (4): 749–757. Ammonoid biodiversity changes from shallow to offshore environments across the Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T) bound− ary are reconstructed in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan. This group was probably deposited at approximately 35–45°N along a westward subduction margin in the northeastern Asian continent. Temporal changes in species richness in the Yezo Group, which show persistently high values during the middle Cenomanian and then decline stepwise from near the middle–late Cenomanian boundary, resemble those in Europe, but not those in Tunisia and the Western Interior. These differences suggest that the Cenomanian–Turonian “mass extinction” was not a global event for ammonoids but was re− stricted to mid−palaeolatitudinal regions (Europe and Japan). Sea level and climate changes probably influenced ammonoid faunas in the Yezo Group as well as those in Europe. However, it is unlikely that a single, simple cause led to the C–T boundary “mass extinction” because various abiotic changes in the Cenomanian–Turonian transition have been detected, and biotic and abiotic change are interrelated. Key words: Ammonoids, mass extinction, Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T) boundary, Cretaceous, Hokkaido. Ken’ichi Kurihara [[email protected]], Mikasa City Museum, 1−212−1 Nishiki−cho, Ikushumbetsu, Mikasa, Hokkaido 068−2111, Japan; Seiichi Toshimitsu [[email protected]], Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 1−1−1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305−8567, Japan; Hiromichi Hirano [[email protected]], Department of Earth Sciences, School of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 1−6−1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku−ku, Tokyo 169−8050, Japan. -
Abbreviation Kiel S. 2005, New and Little Known Gastropods from the Albian of the Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagaskar
1 Reference (Explanations see mollusca-database.eu) Abbreviation Kiel S. 2005, New and little known gastropods from the Albian of the Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagaskar. AF01 http://www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/ForschungImadagaskar.htm (11.03.2007, abstract) Bandel K. 2003, Cretaceous volutid Neogastropoda from the Western Desert of Egypt and their place within the noegastropoda AF02 (Mollusca). Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg, Heft 87, p 73-98, 49 figs., Hamburg (abstract). www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/Forschung/publications.htm (29.10.2007) Kiel S. & Bandel K. 2003, New taxonomic data for the gastropod fauna of the Uzamba Formation (Santonian-Campanian, South AF03 Africa) based on newly collected material. Cretaceous research 24, p. 449-475, 10 figs., Elsevier (abstract). www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/Forschung/publications.htm (29.10.2007) Emberton K.C. 2002, Owengriffithsius , a new genus of cyclophorid land snails endemic to northern Madagascar. The Veliger 45 (3) : AF04 203-217. http://www.theveliger.org/index.html Emberton K.C. 2002, Ankoravaratra , a new genus of landsnails endemic to northern Madagascar (Cyclophoroidea: Maizaniidae?). AF05 The Veliger 45 (4) : 278-289. http://www.theveliger.org/volume45(4).html Blaison & Bourquin 1966, Révision des "Collotia sensu lato": un nouveau sous-genre "Tintanticeras". Ann. sci. univ. Besancon, 3ème AF06 série, geologie. fasc.2 :69-77 (Abstract). www.fossile.org/pages-web/bibliographie_consacree_au_ammon.htp (20.7.2005) Bensalah M., Adaci M., Mahboubi M. & Kazi-Tani O., 2005, Les sediments continentaux d'age tertiaire dans les Hautes Plaines AF07 Oranaises et le Tell Tlemcenien (Algerie occidentale). -
Synecology of an Unusual Late Cretaceous Inoceramid-Spondylid Association from Northern Italy (*)
Ann. Mus. civ. Rovereto Sez.: Arch., St., Sc. nat. Vol. 11 (1995) 327-338 1996 ANNIE V. DHONDT & IGINIO DIENI SYNECOLOGY OF AN UNUSUAL LATE CRETACEOUS INOCERAMID-SPONDYLID ASSOCIATION FROM NORTHERN ITALY (*) NNIE HONDT GINIO IENI Abstract - A V. D & I D - Synecology of an unusual Late Cretaceous inoceramid-spondylid association from Northern Italy. A large specimen of the Santonian inoceramid Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus (F. ROEMER) was found in the Scaglia Rossa Veneta formation at Passo del Brocon, Trento, N. Italy. Both valves of this inoceramid are covered with numerous iso-oriented specimens of Spondylus fimbriatus GOLDFUSS. The distribution of the spondylids is explained by the upright position of the living inoceramid specimen. Key words: Bivalvia, Inoceramidae, Spondylidae, Santonian, Northern Italy, Palaeoecology. NNIE HONDT GINIO IENI Riassunto - A V. D & I D - Sinecologia di una inconsueta associazione inoceramo-spondili nel Cretaceo superiore dell'Italia settentrionale. Nella Scaglia Rossa Veneta di età santoniana di Passo del Brocon (Trento) è stato rinvenuto un grande esemplare di Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus (F. ROEMER). Entrambe le valve di questo inoceramide sono rivestite di numerosi esemplari isorientati di Spondylus fimbriatus GOLDFUSS. La distribuzione degli spondilidi permette di ipotizzare per linoceramide una posizione di vita verticale. Parole chiave: Bivalvia, Inoceramidae, Spondylidae, Santoniano, Italia settentrionale, Paleoecologia. (*) This paper was presented at the Second International Congress on Palaeoecology (Nanjing, China, August 30 - September 3, 1991), the Proceedings of which have not been published. Work supported by the Italian M.U.R.S.T. (grants to I. Dieni). 327 INTRODUCTION When studying the ecology of organisms extinct to-day it is often difficult to understand their life habits.