THE COMPASS MARCH 2017 ISSUE #3

IN THIS ISSUE

Economic and Political Fragmentation Global Trend

Malaysian Prime Minister Launches the Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development Sustainability

A Time For Integration Banking in ASEAN

Retaining International Economic Order ASEAN and East Asia

Improving Education Access and Quality in Asia Asia Public Policy Forum 2017

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY (KPT/JPT/DFT/US/B15) A member of the Sunway Education Group

Tel. (03) 7491 8622 Email. [email protected] Web. sunway.edu.my

OWNED AND GOVERNED BY THE JEFFREY CHEAH FOUNDATION (800946-T) 02 TABLE OF CONTENT Page 47 VIDEOS TOPMOST POPULAR OUR TEN Mr. MunjedM.Murad Senadheerage Ms. PamudiBanjithaAbeynayake Page 46 Ms. RebeccaB.ChoongWilkins Page 45 Associate Professor Dr. Jeff Tan KuanOnn Page 44 Ms. JesslynLeongYoke Kiau Page 43 TRAVEL GRANTS CHEAH JEFFREY Effectiveness ofParliamentaryCommittees Page 40 Asia PublicPolicyForum2017 Page 34 HIGHLIGHTS EVENT Page 30 EVENTS CALENDAR Who isJeffrey Sachs? Page 28 Sustainable Development? What’s NextfortheJeffrey SachsCenteron Page 26 Development the Jeffrey SachsCenteronSustainable Malaysian PrimeMinisterLaunches Page 20 LAUNCHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON SACHSCENTER JEFFREY Reimagining SoutheastAsia Page 19 as BritainPrepares forMembershipVote The EUFacesEconomicandPoliticalThreats Page 18 As aMatterofFact,AllFactsAre Conditional Page 16 Banking inASEAN-A Time forIntegration Page 12 Malaysian Universities Vitality ofResearch-Inspired Teaching in Page 9 Economic Order Retaining theCurrent International ASEAN andEastAsiaare theKeyto Page 7 ESSAYS IN THISISSUE COUNCIL (IAAC) INTERNATIONAL ACADEMICADVISORY Tan SriDato’Seri DrJeffrey Cheah Monash University Pro Vice- andPresident, Professor HelenBartlett Harvard University Emeritus ofPoliticalEconomy, Harold HitchingsBurbankProfessor Institute onSoutheast Asia; Chairman, IAACofJeffreyCheah Professor DwightPerkins Southeast Asia on Royal Patron, JeffreyCheahInstitute The SultanofPerak DarulRidzuan; Sultan AzlanMuhibbuddinShah SultanDrNazrinShahIbni HRH Deputy Governor oftheBankJapan University ofTokyo;andformer Dean, EconomicsFaculty, Professor Kiyohiko Nishimura Pro-Chancellor ofSunway University Tan SriRamon Navaratnam (alternate) Bank NegaraMalaysia and FormerDeputyGovernor, President Harvard ClubMalaysia Pro-Chancellor ofSunway University Professor Tan SriDatukDrLinSee-Yan Sunway EducationGroup Senior Executive Director, Dr ElizabethLee Psychiatry atHarvard University Anthropology andProfessorof Center; andProfessorofMedical of Harvard University’s Asia Victor andWilliam FungDirector Professor ArthurKleinman Vice-Chancellor ofUniversiti Malaya on Southeast Asia; andformer Senior FellowJeffreyCheahInstitute Professor Tan SriDr Ghauth Jasmon Peking University; Institute, China;andProfessor, Director, NationalEconomicResearch Professor Fan Gang Chancellor, Foundation; andFounder Group; Trustee,JeffreyCheah Founder andChairman,Sunway

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President, University ofGroningen Professor SibrandesPoppema Jeffrey CheahFoundationTrustee Professor RichardGraemeLarkins Jeffrey CheahFoundationTrustee Dato’ SriIdrisJala Affairs, SouthKorea and formerMinisterofForeign Professor, SeoulNationalUniversity, Professor Yoon Young-Kwan Earth Institute,ColumbiaUniversity Director ofEast Asian Program,the University ofCalifornia,Davis;and on Southeast Asia; Professorat President, JeffreyCheahInstitute Professor DatukDrWoo Wing Thye Vice-Chancellor, Sunway University Professor GraemeWilkinson Hong Kong Vice-Chancellor, University of Asian Studies,;andformer Chairman, InstituteofSoutheast National University ofSingapore; Chairman, East Asian Institute, Professor EmeritusWang CBE Gungwu, Sunway University Research Professor, Professor DatukDrTan Tat Wai Development ResearchInstitute and formerPresidentofThailand Former MinisterofFinance,Thailand Dr ChalongphobSussangkarn Vice-Chancellor, LancasterUniversity Professor MarkSmith Government, Harvard University Professor, KennedySchoolof Professor Anthony Saich Universitas ; andProfessor, Strategic &InternationalStudiesin Executive DirectoroftheCenterfor Creative Economy,Indonesia;former Former MinisterofTrade;Tourism& Dr MariElkaPangestu AO effective solutionstothesechallenges. continued development,andwouldhence comeupwithbold to recognise theemergence ofnew, unfamiliarchallenges totheir countries areASEAN nowmore likelytohave theself-confidence from beinginthiscelebratory moodisthatMalaysiaandother achievements insocio-economicdevelopment.The goodluck in2017ASEAN is deservedly celebrating fiftyyears ofimpressive GLOBAL ORDER FRAGMENTATIONOFTHE BAD GOOD FRAGMENTATIONVERSUS PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Woo Wing Thye

03 ISSUE #3 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 04 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and capital but could notcountenancethefreeand capitalbut movement British public could accept the free movement of goods Kingdom andDonaldTrump intheUnited States.The unexpected victoriesoftheBrexitmovement intheUnited of globalisation has played animportantpartinthe aspects different with dissatisfaction popular that clear is It hidden from viewbypopulistsloganeering. these issueshaseitherbeensuppressed by repression or many unfortunateexampleswhere internaldebate over be on track toresolve these problems. There have been too governments ofmost ASEAN countries(e.g.Thailand)to I perceivemisunderstood tomeanthat not be the for each ASEAN member. Thechoiceofthisfocusshould of ASEAN havefocused ontherequired internalreforms on the secondsetofreforms becausemostanalysesonthefuture Institute Cheah Jeffrey the Southeast Asia (JCI)atSunwayUniversity, toelaborate on of publication annual the I will use this Introduction to thethird issue of Compass, Enlightened self-interest shouldunite ASEAN onthistask. New InternationalNormalisforced ontoanewtrajectory. Asian countriesare similarlythreatened unlesstheemerging and nationalprosperity ofMalaysia. All otherSoutheast security national the to threat a is de-globalisation 1786, in Malaysian economic miracle since thefoundingofPenang investment havebeenthefundamentalforces behind the population. trade andinwardAs international foreigndirect become a pejorative word to a large segment of the world’s de-globalisation isoccurringbecause“globalisation”has and security international economic architecture toamore benignform. Forexample, the of reconfiguration drastic ASEAN has toactcollectivelyhelpshapetheongoing Second, a NewInternationalNormalisemerging, and interests thanbyself-denial. requiresenlightened self- their actionsbeguidedby that members inthemiddle-income trap.Thewayforward on theexistingpolicieswouldonlyentrench these ASEAN instability. To exorcise this horror trinitybydoublingdown social polarisation,andpolitical of economicstagnation, increasingly characterisedbythehorrorscenario trinity inseveral ASEAN countries where theirinternalsituationsare are required reforms domestic significant First, emerging NewInternational new trajectory. Enlightened All other Southeast Asian All otherSoutheast self-interest shouldunite Normal isforcedontoa countries aresimilarly threatened unlessthe threatened ASEAN onthistask. ASEAN

arbitration bodies). foreign investors from domestic courts to external private removesadjudication ofcommercial the disputesinvolving Mechanism Dispute Settlement (e.g., theInvestor–State corporations at theexpense of less developed countries in internationaltradeagreements thatfavoursmultinational also does not require thestrengthening of the two-decade trend globalisation Deepening 1990s. the in Crisis Financial of the US banks in the 1980s and which mishandled the Asian which actedas the collector of Latin American debt onbehalf under thethumbofInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF), require thelessdeveloped countries tofallevenfurther does not globalisation deglobalisation. Deepening without globalisation-induced socioeconomic problems can be solved rollbackbe resisted ofglobalisation becauseweknowthat in manyways, weurgeincompetent andunfair been the that by themajor powers andinternationalagencieshasoften Even thoughitistruethe governanceofglobalisation that threatening tounravelglobalisation. on fossilfuelindustries.Thisvacuumingloballeadershipis supervision of financial institutions and removed regulations strong approval forBrexit, proposed rollbacks ofprudential United Statesfromthe Paris ClimateTreaty, the expressed For goodmeasure, Trump also declared thewithdrawalof defacto into alliance withChina. countries these pushing effectively (RCEP), China-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership neutral positionofbeinginboththeUS-ledTPP andthe (ASEAN) and Australia theoptionofadoptingformally because it denies the Association of South-East Asian Nations Trans-Pacific the of Partnership (TPP).Trump’s out guttingoftheTPP isunfortunate States United the pulling by Asia then also ended former president Barack Obama’s pivot to speaking withtheTaiwanesehis termby President,he but inscrutableways. Heconfronted of Chinaatthebeginning his keycampaignpromises so far— albeitinsometimes US President, DonaldTrump, hasstayedtrue tomanyof of USallies. theocracy, bothofwhichconstantlythreaten thedestruction KoreanNorth regimeantagonistic Iranian andofthehighly China Finally, in 2008. was also seen as the quietallyof the overly-aggresive markets financial US of meltdown surplus savings from China as one of the keyfactors in the identified had Reserve, Federal US the of chairman former problems. After all,eventheever-reasonable BenBernanke, States’ United the of part significant a for responsible be to and widening of US interaction withChinawere perceived strengthened manyof America’s enemies. The deepening of these ills to American shores and also as the process that Globalisation was seen as the process that brought many international standingoftheUnitedStates. and theblowtotheirnationalpridefrom thedeclinein class towardsvalues relating their guns andreligion;to assistance, thecontemptuousnessofliberalpolitical need foradjustment conservative politicalclasstotheir of production plantsabroad, theunresponsiveness of the manufacturing jobs to foreign importsand to relocation Rust Belthadalottoberesentful about:theloss of their level. The American workingclassandmiddle class in the of peoplebecauseitsthreatand wage toethnicidentity

etr ad p o 93 bt b 12, t a dcie to economic power to hold back collapsing global demand declined had it 1929, by middle-power status andnolongerhadtheoverwhelming but, 1913, to up and century rolestabilising United Kingdomplayedthat inthenineteenth unstable unlesssomecountryintervenestostabiliseit.The sizeable shocks,itbecomes the globaleconomyishitby The essence of the hegemonic stability thesis is that whenever lender oflastresort. assuming the dualroles ofcomsumer of lastresort and was who able and willing tostabilisethe international system by 1929–39 period the during hegemon benevolent recession, according toKindleberger, wastheabsenceofa experienced theGreat Depression rather thanagreat reasonthesis. Theultimate hegemonic stability world the book isthe The fundamentalinsightinKindleberger’s private interests ofall’. world public interest went down the drain, and withitthe country turnedtoprotect itsnationalprivateinterest, the Great1929 the Depression every ‘When deglobalisation: was that themechanism responsible forthedepthandlengthof 1929–1939 Depression, in World 1973 magisterialbookThe keep inmind the conclusion of Charles Kindleberger in his economy for thebetter, toprevent deglobalisation.We must to up step should the plateandchangegovernanceofinternational China, including G20, the in countries In the face of the US withdrawal from global roles, major G20, including China, should includingChina, G20, roles, majorcountriesinthe roles, the international economy the internationaleconomy change thegovernance of for thebetter, toprevent step uptotheplateand withdrawal fromglobal In the face of the US In thefaceofUS deglobalisation.

regionalism inorder tomaximiseeconomicprosperity. production, everygeographicalclustermustpractiseopen century). Giventheexistenceofeconomiesscalein Eastern Europe andtheSovietUnionintwentieth geographical clusterforpoliticaldomination(asbetween between Africa andEuropeor a century) inthenineteenth and not ageographicalcluster for economic exploitation (as become ageographicalclusterforeconomic development could power major each of influence of sphere The emerge. each majorpower,globalisation could anewformofbenign agreements inplacetoaddress thesecurityconcernsof With therightregional arrangementsandinterregional lack ofimaginationifwewere toallowthisoccur. the future neednotbeareplay ofthepast;anditwouldbea China Seacouldbethebeginningofthisprocess. However, power. Thepresent squabblesinUkraineandtheSouth major each of concerns security the of because influence of distribution ofpoweristhedivisionworldintospheres The mostcommon outcome inasituationofoligopolistic ‘History that observation repeats itself,firstastragedyandthenfarce’. (1852) Marx’s Karl of challenge self-defeating protectionism. Theworldisnowfacingthe development becausealeaderlessworldisprone toadopting the lensofhegemonicstabilitythesis,thisisaterrible From 2060. in Union States–European –China–United and 2017 in Union States–European China–United Normal: hegemon. A multipolarworldistheNewInternational a monopolyeconomicpowerthatcouldactastheglobal In brief,theworldfrom thispointwouldnolongerhave GDP aslarge asChina’s. Indian population will be significantly larger, making India’s of livinginIndiamightstillbelowerthanChina,butthe in 2060 will be at least as big as China’s. In 2060, the standard US maintains itspresent paceofeconomic catch-up, itseconomy the to up catching in standard oflivingbythattime?Theanswerisno.IfIndia succeeds it if 2060 in hegemon large as the US economy. Will Chinaemerge as the global of theChineseeconomymeasured inPPP dollarsisnowas size the because 2017 in exists longer no hegemon global A developed themindsettoplaythatrole. United Statesbecametheunchallengedglobalhegemonand to takeon that role. It was only afterWorld War II that the hegemon, but, evenifithad been, itwas not mentallywilling in 1929 was not yet big enough to be the global and to mobilise others to join countervailing actions. The

05 ISSUE #3 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 06 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE the hegemonicstabilityprovided bytheUnitedStates. because it was their rise that have contributed to the end of moral obligationtomakecollectivegloballeadershipwork ASEAN must remind these twocountriesthattheyhavea Being neighboursandtraditionalfriendsofChinaIndia, thesis applies and Marx’s dictum on repetitive historyrules. hegemonicstability is thesituationinwhichKindleberger’s a setting of effective collective leadership. Bad fragmentation fragmentation. Good fragmentation protects globalisationin order. There is,however, goodfragmentationaswellbad and economic fragmentation ofthepost–World War IIglobal The NewInternationalNormalnecessarilymeans the political safety nets. social financing in bottom the to race a prevent to capital on getting theworld to agree to a worldwide minimum tax rate currencies toreduce currency risksfrom globalisation,and monetary systembybroadening thechoice of reserve and international terrorism, stabilising theinternational climate fighting in change andspeciesextinction,stoppingnuclearproliferation lead will They goods. public global of and ofregional coordination toensure anadequatesupply of tasks regional coordination additional toensure globaleconomic integration, the have will G20 the and agencies, its Existing globalinstitutionssuchastheUnitedNationsand IMF andtheWorld Bankinthepast. international amonopoly prescriptions, avoiding a repeat of the mistakes made by the the possibilityofwrong diagnoses and/or the wrong and development bank.This outcome would minimise institution financial centres intheworldinsteadofamonopolyinternational means thereinstitutions areindependent analytical multiple Bank. Theexistenceofcompeting/complementary regional Investment Bank(AIIB) and theInter-American Development the European StabilisationFund,the Asian Infrastructure institutions initsown geographical cluster—for example, the chieffunderofeconomic Each majorpowerwouldbe security concernsofeachmajorpower. arrangements and interregional agreements to address the ASEAN membersactcollectivelytohelpestablishregional in a multipolar world need not be a dream, especially when sum realpolitik game. The outcome of benign globalisation interests or to be cynical and continue to playtheusual zero- to beenlightenedenoughactaccording toitslong-term point where eachofthemajorpowersischoosingeither regionalism. Theworldislikelytobenowatthecritical economic development basedontheprincipleofopen outcome willinsteadbegeographicalclustersforsustainable enlightened self-interests prevail inthemajor countries, the where de-globalisationistheby-product. However, influence if of spheres competing into world the of partition business-as-usual outcomeisthe In amulti-polarworld,the principle ofopenregionalism. prevail inthemajorcountries, outcome isthepartitionof world intocompetingspheres development basedonthe enlightened self-interests for sustainable economic for sustainableeconomic be geographical clusters be geographical the outcome will instead the outcomewillinstead by-product. However, if In amulti-polarworld, de-globalisation isthe the business-as-usual of influencewhere (WTO) may be nullified. The first World The nullified. Tradebe may (WTO)Organization and furthermorebasis ofpolicydisciplineunder the the instruments suchasanti-dumping willsurely beactivated, like mercantilism ofafewcenturiesago.Micro tradedispute bilateral tradebalancesaswellhissense of “fairness”look in internationalproduction networks. His obsession with sharing production activitiesacross thenationalborder the industry-to-industry is understood as anall-or-nothing choice,ratherthan or unbundling division of labour.international Foreign direct investment first the under terribly outof date, based on the image of old trade regime Mr. Trump’s perceptiontrade seemstobe oninternational dangerous scenarios. yet, beenassigned notfully has and thuswestillhavetoprepare ourselvesforallsortsof issues trade for staff his Mr. Trump’s statementsonTwitter tooseriously. However, of thefocalpointsconcern. Perhaps weshouldnottake world havefacedplentyofuncertainties.Trade policyisone States, notonly Americans butalsopeoplealloverthe Since Mr. Trump’s electionasthePresident oftheUnited ASEAN AND EASTASIA AND ASEAN FOR INSTITUTE ECONOMIST, ECONOMICRESEARCH CHIEF AND UNIVERSITY KEIO OFECONOMICS, GRADUATE SCHOOL DEAN, KIMURA FUKUNARI ECONOMICORDER INTERNATIONAL CURRENT THE TOKEY RETAINING THE ARE EASTASIA AND ASEAN Professor FukunariKimura

development. for economic of GVCs advantage taking most advancedin the sametime.This regionat isregardedone being asthe sustained rapideconomic growth andpovertyalleviation agglomeration. In these processes, ASEAN has achieved networks and have even started forming industrial have participatedinquickandtime-sensitive production based and labour-intensive industries, countries in theregion Going slow-changing GVCsasobservedintypicalnaturalresource mid-1980s. the since beyond simplyhookingthemselvestoslow-movingand (GVCs) chains value global adopted development strategies of aggressively utilising and investment. ASEAN and developing East Asia have leaders canopenlyadvocatetheimportanceoffreer trade Now ASEAN is one of the fewregions where political Trade(NAFTA). Agreement test wouldbetherenegotiation oftheNorth American Free

07 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 08 ESSAYS FTAs withtheUnitedStatesmayalsocommitthemselves. the current text.Latin American countries thatalready have with go can thus and TPP ratified already has Japan not. or whether therevision of the current textcan be minimised States isessential,should certainly beamended. The keyis United the in TPP.ratification the 1 that states minus which 12 30.5, Article a for work should countries negotiating (TPP) Agreement hashurtit.However, theotherTPP Trans-Pacific Partnership the from Trump’swithdrawal Mr. policy makersandthepublic. importance ofservices liberalisation mustbeunderstood by upper middle income to fullydeveloped economies, the than inthemanufacturingsector. Inorder to stepupfrom more chances to reach thefrontier ofnewbusiness models amenities. Localplayersinserviceshave elements ofurban Services actually supportGVCs,andconsist of essential agenda suchasservicesareSome liberalisation delayed. energy cooperation,andothers. medium enterprisesdevelopment,disastermanagement, institution building,infrastructure development,smalland narrowed development gaps, which includes economic measures. Policycooperation indevelopmentagendahas facilitation trade of number a and removal tariff total almost trade ingoodshasbynowbeensubstantiallyliberalised Under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) agenda, utilisation ofGVCs. ruleinternational aremaking effective pursuing for essential trade ingoods, trade inservices, and investmentaswell also moveacross nationalborders. Deeperliberalisationin goods but also ideas, know-how, investment,andtraining international division oflabour,the determined by notonly whereIn thesecondunbundling theproduction process is we mustkeeptheworldopen. order. Together withtheestablishment of healthy democracy, the midstofcurrenteconomic confusionofinternational The voiceof ASEAN andEast Asia isextremelyin important for furtherliberalisationandadvancedrule-making. as tier agenda soon aspossible,andsetthesecondtierabuilt-in first the complete to try tiers, two into negotiations as well as to theworld. One idea would be toreorganise investment wouldbecome crucial tothewholeEast Asia may changenow. Sendingamessageforfreer tradeand However,countries theincentiveschemeofnegotiating not effectivelyunitetopushtheinitiative. reluctant incommittingfurtherliberalisation. ASEAN could liberalisation. China pretended to be positive but was also of thereasons was India’s passive attitude toward trade trade free six New Zealand,andIndia.Itwentslowly, however. One and countries agreement ASEAN partners,namely, China,Japan,Korea, Australia, ASEAN 10 an as with 2013 initiative in began RCEP over negotiation The Asian economicintegration. present anotableadvancement of ASEAN centrality inEast Comprehensive(RCEP). Thiscould EconomicPartnership One ofthecandidateswouldbeconclusion of Regional of ASEAN, andsomesymbolicadvancementisrequired. anniversary 50th the is 2017 year The investment. and trade It isimportantfor ASEAN to keep the momentum for freer would becriticalinthisaspect. procurementproperty andintellectual protection,right be quite happy intheconclusion of TPP on government The attitudeof Australia andNewZealand,whichmaynot

students. international to attract to makeMalaysiaaneducationhub and ispartoftheMalaysianGovernment’sambition colleges teaching of to beupgradeduniversityandcollegestatus; number a allowed 555 Act 555). (Act 1990s the Act Institution Education Higher Private 1996 the especially since rates following theamendmentofhighereducationregulations, growth mushroom experienced Malaysian highereducationinstitutions(HEI)have KOK BOONCHONG UNIVERSITIES MALAYSIAN TEACHING IN INSPIRED RESEARCH- VITALITY OF Dr. ChongKok Boon

university administrators. that manycompetent academics are oftenside-lined by the learning amongst students. However, there is a perception Malaysia dedicatedtoresearch strivingtonurture higher Of coursethere isalsoacohortofcompetentacademics in (iii)  (ii) (i) Malaysian universitiesare: Some generalmisconceptionsofresearch andteachingin development inthefield. and have nocapacitytolinktheteachingwithlatest unqualified academics deliver teaching by flipping the books The vastmajorityofacademics do not do research. These colleges areeducation institutions. higher teaching-centric speaking, Malaysianuniversitiesanduniversity Generally and higherlearning. degrees butalsotoadvancingknowledgethrough research so that auniversityis not just limited to grantingacademic distinguishes theuniversityfrom othersub-domains of HEI truth through questioningextantauthorities.Thisclearly are dedicated to advancingknowledgeand searching forthe A universityisacommunityofteachersandscholarswho MALAYSIA IN STATETHE OFUNIVERSITIES university education. issues ofresearchand theirroleslearning andhigher in article focuses on oneofthesegaps,namelytheessential culture.to achieveitstargets. Thiswillhinderitsability This academics, lack ofresearch capacity and higherlearning reality ontheground includingtheshortageofcompetent However, MEB-HEhasoverlookedandignored muchofthe by chance. to nurture, “future-ready graduates,”bydesignandnot transforming HEIinMalaysia.Itaims,amongstotherthings, Education (MEB-HE)setsoutanambitiousvisionfor graduates. TheMalaysiaEducationBlueprint-Higher There hasbeenalarge growth inthenumberofunemployed innovative ideasfrom thelatestresearch literature. preferred textbooksandnotbebasedonnewor follow thewell-establishedknowledgebasein that teaching,especiallyforundergraduates, should Malaysia (10th marketable Planning) and; be and value commercial that thesolepurposeofresearch isthatitshouldhave programmes orundergraduate final-yearprojects; which shouldbelimitedtopostgraduateresearch degree that research is a kind of time and money wasting luxury

09 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 10 ESSAYS

ESSAYS situations whichexposestudentstomanyopen-questions well-developed knowledgeintextbooks.Thisoftenleadsto current research problems andoutputtocomplementthe design. Research-active academics ofcourse can also utilise their thefundamentals gobeyond RIT of benefits The improve thespeedanddepthoflearning. to help these of needed. All modifications necessary the and and intellectually, aswellitslinkstoderivativesituations has the needs ofaparticulartheory, itsdevelopmentchronologically also expert The capacity tojustifytherationaleof the topics, explaining the effectively. more methods and the subjectandpackagedisciplinarytheories,concepts research, canstructure thecurriculum around thecontentof field the are research-novices. throughsyllabi of the content the in mastering The expert, in who research-expert those a outperforms significantly by delivered effectiveness the teaching that of is RIT for and argument learning The student outcomes. benefit to research disciplinary and expertise academics’ the of of use make and benefits reflect which RIT instrumental the on are focuses the Generally, comprehensive knowledgeandunderstanding. the arts,sciencesandhumanitiestocreate aframeworkfor These universities haveintegratedteachingandresearch in Harvard University, Tokyo ImperialUniversityandothers. university whichispractisedbymanyleadingacademia,i.e. It servesasafundamentalframeworkofthemodern such as political,ideological, economic or religious groups. must befree from interference from restrictive authorities these activities academics andstudents.Itemphasisesthat in research and promotes the exchangeofideas for both the “Humboldtian” University, strives for academic freedom guided by thelatestresearch output. This model, known as teaching processes in universitiesthatmust be supportedand In theearly19thcentury, Wilhelm Von Humboldtproposed ISVITAL (RIT) TEACHING INSPIRED RESEARCH- AND WHY RESEARCH countries, amongstotherthings. university campuseswhichare mushrooming in ASEAN institutions notbeingcompetitive to otheroverseas students fromcountries duetoMalaysian neighbouring for similar reasons. These include decreasing international education sector. MalaysianHEI have similar experiences past three decades leading to fierce competition in the higher established acrossuniversities havebeen world inthe the One ofthetrendsmore ofdemocratisationHEIisthat ethics from theirexperiencedresearcher-mentors. ofthis insight students willalsolearnprofessionalelement ofRITisthat crucial final, A codified. been has acquired knowledge is being produced and how the knowledge apply theknowledge.Inaddition,studentswilllearnhow mastering andcreatingthroughcapacity can which they in pursuingknowledgeandhelpsthemtoactasresearchers, interests students’ the improves significantly This solutions. Moreover, theyare motivatedtocome up withpossible and realdisparity ofthetextbooks the worldapplications. students arethat proud oftheirachievementsandabletosee between research, teaching and learning. Experience shows serve toimprovedeliberately communication andinteraction will minimise the division of teacher and students and and integrateitintostudentslearningactivities.This researchers to transfer their skills in theprocess of inquiry This typeofinquiry-basedteachingneedsexperienced students andacademics. nexus ismulti-dimensionalandcentred onlearningforboth adapt the teaching to fit research. Thus, the research-teaching output applicabletoteachingandlearningbutwillalso and authority. RIT will notberestricted to the research teaching-centric pedagogieswhich often playtoconformity and exchangeofideas with thestudentsandcontraststo active expertsembracethought-provoking discussion contrary totheaccepted wisdom of thetextbooks.Research-

meritocracy-based. The meritocracy inrecruitment should Second, the recruitment of the academics should be purely other relevant actstorestore academicfreedom. universities, aswellrevise thehighereducationlawand trueMinistry mustgrant the First, autonomytothe and private. Ministry needs to reform Malaysian universities,bothpublic difficult due to the perception that it is a waste of money. The industrial and/orcorporatefundingforresearch isvery The current situationforMalaysianuniversities,isthat IMPLEMENTED? TO BE WHAT NEEDS prospective students. and postgraduatestudents,makingthemmore attractiveto of profile the universities from theperspectiveofbothundergraduate boost will approach RIT the consequence, a As for. scouting is market employment the candidates first and innovativeproblem solvers. Theywillbeamongstthe creativeequipped andtrainedtobe embraced RITwillbe in solvingworkplaceproblems. Thosegraduatesthathave things at a reasonably fast pace and be able to offer new ideas Employers are lookingforcandidates who can adapt tonew information andsolveproblems. ask questions, the studentshavelearned how toacquire independent learners.Oncestudentshavelearnedhowto students tobecome RIT isamasterframeworktoenable Fifth, theGovernmentshouldinstituteRIT in theuniversities. purely basedonthemeritofideasinproposal. in accessing and securing research grants, withassessment ensure equalopportunityforalluniversitiesandacademics universities viataxincentives.TheGovernmentshould also industrial and corporate investment in joint-research with Fourth, theGovernmentshouldhavepoliciestoencourage academics. the universitysenateshould be electedrepresentatives of both teachingand research. A majorityof the members of governance andsafeguarding theacademic freedom in University Senateplaysanimportantrolewhich the in practices ofthetopleadingacademia around theworldin Third, universitiesinMalaysiashouldemulatethebest leadership oftheuniversity. also applytotheappointmentofseniorexecutivesand

11 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 12 ESSAYS prospects. Financialintegration alsosupports ASEAN’s integration isstrong tofurtherrealise ASEAN’s growth financial for case the (EU), Union European the in 60% than more to compared trade total of ASEAN’s 24% only at trade integrated andcohesiveeconomy.highly Withintra-regional 2025) vision was endorsed towards, among others, achieving a (AEC 2025 Community Economic ASEAN renewed a targets, those on delivered substantially Having 2015. by capital of flow freer and labour skilled investment, services, market andproduction basewithfree movementofgoods, Recognising this, ASEAN leaderspledgedtocreate asingle cross-border businessexpansionandinvestmentpotential. middle class and 620-million strong consumer base, growing economic growth, macroeconomic stability, a burgeoning reforms resilient with off paying are Decade-long crisis financial 1997/98 the after integration. financial and economic gaze firm a kept on anotherimperative- ASEAN’s journey towards greater has world the centre-stage, geopolitical Even astheSouthChinaSeadominates ASEAN’s evolving MARK LEE KIAN MENG A TIMEFORINTEGRATION BANKING INASEAN- with bankingintegrationand in step AEC 2025. inclusion financial of agenda social the positioning across markets serving ASEAN. Policymakers also deservetobelaudedforrecently (QABs) Banks ASEAN Qualified Framework (ABIF)facilitatingtheexpansionofindigenous This integration. banking will be achieved through an ASEAN Banking Integration regional for 2015 in way the up opened finally and on ploughed tenaciously policymakers the impetus for a single ASEAN currency has waned, account liberalisationandcurrency cooperation.While plan Services a ofFinancial craft Liberalization (FSL),capitalmarketdevelopment, the areas to in foresight integration the financial had for ASEAN 2003, in Back EU. intra- high its regional tradeintensityindex,which surpasses that of the by signified as networks production dense and institutional capacity. Concomitantly, theFSL strategy depth of terms in primarily sectors, financial andhave diverse highly development of economic stages different at are the “ASEAN Way” writtenalloverit. ASEAN member states The design of ABIF and implementation approach to datehas across borders. through theseregulatory cracks when expandingrapidly or fall country). QABsmayexploit (in theQAB’soriginating supervision ofQABbranchoperations to“home”regulators may emerge when“host”authorities relinquish deeper jurisdictions different across risks Moreover, level. regional supervisory arrangements over QABs that converge atthe one-to-one networksamongnationalregulators, ratherthan Consequently, oversight ofbankinggroups willbebasedon one another on the basis of readiness and reciprocity. implementing with ABIF asmemberstatesnegotiate ASEAN has chosen to adoptabilateralapproach towards The fourthpointdelvesintothesupervisionofQABs. prudential concernofmemberstates. the relieve to criteria stringent sufficiently meet to required To gainfullaccess to ASEAN banking markets,QABs are QABs. of number limited a only benefit may Thirdly,ABIF building effortsfadeintothebackground. grouping, andwideningofdisparitiesshould capacity Brunei, Cambodia,Laos,MyanmarandVietnam (BCLMV) ABIF by the better-prepared ASEAN-5 countries ahead of the others joininlater. Whatthismeansisimplementationof state that countries ready to liberalise can proceed first while of 21(2) which (Article Charter), formula” ASEAN “Minus-X full not and semi ASEAN policymakers.Secondly, of ASEAN adopts the one is 2020 integration, signifyingthemeasured approach takenby by game end current Four keyobservationson ABIF standout.Firstly, ABIF’s PRUDENCE TO MEASURE –MADE INTEGRATION BANKING FOR GAME-PLAN ASEAN’S EQUAL ENVIRONMENT harmonisation and capacity building Source: CombinedASEAN-ADBstudyonAssessingtheFinancialLandscapeandFormulatingMilestones regional market Segmented Regulatory Illustration 1:TheASEANBankingIntegrationFramework for MonetaryandFinancialIntegrationinASEAN,2013 licensing regime Two-tiered against foreign discrimination reduction of institutions Substantial

risk ormacroeconomic instability. and nationalregulatory discretion intheeventofsystemic setting preconditions, considering domestic policy objectives liberalisation, pacing for flexibilities with members accords financial stability with the emergence of strong regional of strong the emergence banks andmore developedfinancial infrastructure. with stability financial banking integrationwill, on balance, result in greater regional growth. Whatislessobviousandmoreis whether debatable capital productively andaccelerateregional economic saver toborrower stateswiththegreatest potentialtoharness transfer offundsfromessence, theseactivitiesfacilitatethe costs for users from increased competition and efficiencies. In clear, namelyanenlargedand lower customer baseforbanks are flows capital integrating freer of environment of ASEAN an benefits in banks The QABs? of creation the behind Over andabovethedesignof ABIF, whatisthedrivingforce final cutin2013. scheme priortointroducing ABIF, but thisfailedtomakethe considered the keyprerequisite ofan ASEAN-wide depositinsurance also had planners 2011, In shocks”. external to require newregional arrangements...ascollectiveresponses supervisors may help relieve stabilityconcerns and may QABs by suggestingthat“cooperationamongnational need forrobust supervisorymechanisms to governregional infringes nationalsovereignty,that ABIF glossesoverthe task ofregulatoryacknowledged thedaunting harmonisation overall monitoring structure. While ASEAN policymakers agencies, consumerprotection frameworksandlastly, an rating credit national of development institutions, financial harmonisation, cross-border resolution ofregional ABIF laysdownaraftofpreconditions includingregulatory EQUAL ACCESS regional market Semi-integrated EQUAL TREATMENT

13 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 14 ESSAYS

ESSAYS negotiations. German Landesbanken,could feature prominently in ABIF segments of ASEAN domestic banking markets,akintothe suggests that protectionist policies for politically linked institutions willcontinuetoserve local markets. This two tothree tiermarketstructure wherebysome domestic among regional giants, ASEAN policymakers envision a EU’s experience where local banks continued to survive across different markets via passporting. Also, drawing from standards mean freer entryof a larger numberof banks the numberofQABs.IncaseEU,relatively lower ASEAN adoptsmoreminimum standards stringent tolimit in thedepthof integration andoversightmechanisms, as calibration is difference key The borders. across recognition toolkit ofminimum harmonised standards and mutual In essence, integration ASEAN employsthesamebanking 1977 and1989respectively. harmonisation via the Firstand Second Banking Directives in regulatory banking of process the by driven space, financial retainthe integrated as muchautonomypossiblewithin series ofcompromises that allowednationalgovernments to is facing. EU’s overall approach to integrationrested on a the world, accompanied by the same set of trade-offs ASEAN building competitiveness within Europe andexternally withtherest of at aimed were 1990s financial and 1980s and the in market integration single Europe’s ASEAN, like Much ALL AFTER ISNOT SODIFFERENT EUROPE national interests andundercuts regional integrationefforts. solidifies turn in which reasons, policy public or historical financial of ownership of ASEAN commercialare banks prevalent for basics the to keep intermediation rooted inreal economicactivity. Lastly, state to regulators ASEAN This by banking. and investment sits wellwiththepost-GlobalFinancialCrisisclarioncall corporate and financing, to grow itsbusinesslinesoftradecredit, infrastructure ASEAN’s broadtrajectories developmentandintegration and underdevelopment. Thus,QABswilllikelytrack offerings that are relatively straightforward due to regulation proclivity forconservative,lessriskystructures withproduct in capitalmarkets. As a whole,thesebankshaveaninward remain in the financial sector mainstream in spite of advances dynamics are worthnoting. ASEAN banks willcontinueto How willQABsshapeupgoingforward? Severalbroad to-fail territoryandpreserving regional financialstability. too-big- into QABs advancing between trade-offs precarious commercialglobal 100 top the representsvision This banks.” Singaporean banksandoneMalaysianbank(bysize)rankin mergers andacquisitionofsmallbanks”,since“onlythree throughcompetitive bankswithafootholdinglobalbanking the growth“nurturing ASEAN championsby oflarge lies ASEAN’s corethat motivation-for therein ABIF to buildglobal it appears integration, financial and monetary for 2013 in study ADB-ASEAN combined a on Based

willing tobailoutaMalaysianbank?” Singaporean“In timesofcrisis,wouldthe governmentbe as well as the criticalityof regional institutionswhenasking, Committee, laysbare ASEAN’s domestic political realities the Vice ChairmanofIndonesia’sNationalEconomic tofall short ofup-scaledregulatory expectations.RadenPardede, seem also Office Research Macroeconomic ASEAN beef upthe ASEAN Secretariat orexpandtherole ofthe supervisors), national different congregate (which colleges oversee QABs. Recommendations to strengthen supervisory creation ofcommoninstitutionswithstrong mandatesto and trackoverallprogress, ratherthanthefundamental only goso far astoenhanceregional mechanisms to monitor infrastructure building,resulting proposals tosupport ABIF While ASEAN policymakers recognise theneedfor that emphasiseflexibilityandconsensus. decision making, aswellenforcement and adjudication one ofnon-intrusive, inter-governmental mechanisms for non-compliance. Essentially, ASEAN’s modus operandi is moral suasionthanauthoritytoenforce agreements orexpose representedthe by ASEAN Secretariat,which relies more on commitments. Theexistingregional bureaucracy is to impose discipline on member governments to adhere to favour limited institutional structures that ultimatelyfail sustainable bankingintegration. ASEAN governments Europe’s failure tobuildrobust regional institutionsfor is largely lobbying the judging by absent, ABIF processlooks settorepeat it services financial if even ASEAN, For serves upanothermultifariousquandary. of nationalinterest. Dividinglosses from bankinsolvencies credit provision, economic growth and jobs, allcore issues comes down to subjectivejudgmentsthathaveseriousimplicationsfor ultimately supervision Banking is. effort this schemes) illustrates howcomplexandpoliticallycharged regulation, supervision, resolution and deposit guarantee to constructgrappling abankingunion(regional banking the clearly was other culpritintheplot.ThecontemporaryimageofEurope institutions financial dominant and large currency, the failure to build regional institutions to oversee In as much as the European crisis was attributed toitssingle risks from greater concentrationandmoralhazard. and in power grow legitimacy tore-write therules ofthegameandgenerate institutions financial large EU’s saw dynamic toEU-widerule making.Incessant lobbying the Lamfalussy Process, which legislated the consultative of the FinancialServices Action Planin1999followed by groups were the driving force behind eventual formulation and lobby Industry integration. financial advance to space actors were increasingly draftedintothepolicymaking There cameastageduringEurope’s journeywhere private financial juxtaposed againstthestaticmodeofnationalsupervision. EU’s of economy political revealsintegration thegrowth ofregional universalbanks the at look closer A bilateral means – it is the same for banking integration. The bilateral means–itisthesameforbanking states undertheguiseofnon-interference, consensusand is adept atmanagingtheprotectionist tendencies of member overall progress across theregion remains slow. Yet, ASEAN delineate market access and operational flexibilities of QABs, by signingonwithIndonesia, Philippines andThailand to headways made has Malaysia While 2018. by ASEAN-5 the least onebilateral ABIF agreement eachtobeinplaceamong The nextmilestonefor ASEAN banking integrationisforat WAY THE AND FORWARD TRADE-OFFS DEVELOPMENTS, order to preserve financialstability? moderate its vision for globallycompetitive ASEAN banks in regional QABs? If yes, how much will ASEAN have to structures beabletocontinuegoverningtheriseofambitious will ASEAN’s nationalregulators andregional cooperative will itbeabletoworkaround the trilemma? Put anotherway, prudent ofworking, way approach andbroadly conservativelandscape for banking, ASEAN’s Given trade-offs. to At day’send, comes ASEAN’s integrationdown banking Financial stability Illustration 2:ThetrilemmaofASEANBankingIntegration Globally competitive ASEAN Banks integration affects intra-regional trade towards achieving towards AEC 2025. trade intra-regional affects integration sector financial and banking in lags how is loss, of concern greater opportunity this Beyond technologies. financial of compliance and disruptive threats from the mainstreaming with saturatingdomestic markets, overhang ofregulatory wears thin for pan-ASEAN global bankingaspirants coping fully render ABIF and QABs ineffective. Meanwhile, patience rules ofthegamemayprolong implementation,butwillnot than later. rather sooner for fighting worth one is banks cross-border to supervise,regulate,resolve andinsure depositsof anything, itis that politicalbattlesforregional structures and behemothinstitutions.IfEurope hastaught ASEAN for regional banksthatevolvedintopowerful,dominant take toheartEU’s crucial mismatch ofnationaloversight prudence and establishcontextualsafeguards, it needs to While to exercisethings right doing allthe ASEAN maybe supervision National

15 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 16 ESSAYS term was first used to defend Trump’s former press secretary a and talker apologist—Trump’sblatant deflective advisorKellyanneConway. a The be to known someone by coined facts.” Itislaughedout,mainly becauseitwaspublicly What interests me here istheadventofterm “alternative and debatebreakdown. smarty pantsplay,a partisangame,that all discussion then rationality became a suspect. Once rationalityis seen to be for eightyears,triumphalismcrept intosuchadegree that somewhere alongtheway. With BarackObama aspresident had somehow trappedthemselves in anecho chamber liberals in the seems clearisthat What American society days ofthepresidency iscurrently developing. 100 first the how and year, last went campaigning the how domestic politics. Nodoubtthere ismuch to belearnedfrom Americans to retain some distance tothepartisanshipoftheir Trump Presidency, itisimportantforthoseofuswhoare not With theworldcaughtupinrealityshow wecallthe Dr. OoiKee Beng ON THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD(ISEAS2015). HISTORY OFTHE ON THE ITS EDGES AND CORE EURASIAN THE BOOKS INCLUDE RECENT HIS INSTITUTE FORSOUTHEASTASIA. CHEAH FELLOW AT SENIOR JEFFREY AND SINGAPORE INSTITUTE, OFISEAS-YUSOF DIRECTOR ISHAK DEPUTY ISTHE BENG OOI KEE CONDITIONAL OFFACT,AS AMATTER FACTS ALL ARE : DIALOGUES WITH WANG DIALOGUES WITH GUNGWU popularly acceptedfact. evidence, andcannotsimplybeastubbornrejection ofa evidence canbefound. Alternative factsneed alternative supporting evidence,orevensuggestionsofhowsuch is tomake aclaimwithout is notlegit What is totallylegit. A counter-claim—an alternativehypothesis,asitwere— stating “alternativefacts”. record-sized audience. Conway claimed that Spicerwas just claim that thepresidential inauguration was attended bya Sean Spicer, whohadmegaphonedhisboss’s ridiculous conditional. knowledge, mostclearlysocial knowledge, istentativeand statement is entirely withoutnon-empirical content, and all No empirical it. and assumptionsunderlying beliefs, habits questioned becauseanyempiricalinference willalways have Seen from a social-scientific point of view, a fact can always be TWO WAYS AFACT TO REJECT

universality. knowledge, limiting theirusefulnessand theirclaimto nomenclature andthe jargon ofacertainapproach to a country or a society. Stated facts are often clothed in the and psychologicalpolitical notionsvarygreatly within habits andassumptions.Sociological andsocialconcepts, agreementchallenges receivedclaim that onany beliefs, In theSocialSciences,itis clearly muchharder toreach eternal, externalanddivine. human andexpedient,not of knowledgeastentative, modernity,was groomed wastohaveamind that tothink modernised, as understood in theearly days ofhuman is that moreBeing empiricallymindedandtechnologicalinspirit. society a from different very are that ways in fact a therefore will thinking scientific to constitutes what consider The collectiveisalwaysrelevant. Ais notgiven societythat findings tosavehisownskin. Very understandably. example, ofGalileoGalileibacktrackingonhisastronomical many othersuchcasesinthehistoryofscience.We know, for and submitted his manuscript for publication. There are that hehastenedtoovercometrack thisdread ofridicule, only whenherealised thatRussellWallace wasonthesame and findings his publish ideas for fear of how society would reject them, and it was to rush not did Darwin Charles be aspowerfullydefended by themas by anyreligious body. universities and thinktanks,biasesearlierassumptionscanveryoften from apart debate, scientific for times modern Although there are respected organisations formedin method. scientific the with clash often can condition This is proposed. perceivableintuitively bytheaudiencetowhichclaim To make sense, the notionaltrappingsof a claim must be Secondly, related tothisisthecentralityofcollective. AGREEMENT COLLECTIVE FACTS PRESUPPOSE by it. mistake, one can cast it aside and need no longerbemisled that inhavingmeansbywhichonecanidentifyafactual in error.being Theunderlyingwisdom here istherealisation adopting ahumblestanceandinthewillingnesstoaccept is alwaysaworkinprogress, thestrength ofwhichliesin facts arethemselves. Themethodsandthe This inseparable. about theworldasmuchitisaccumulatedfacts on methods that canprovide us withcumulativecertainty about thesearch forasuniversalanagreement aspossible therefore is age our characterises that project scientific The be met. scientific thinking means and why experimental criteria must several yearsinuniversitiestodevelopagoodsenseofwhat way throughwomen havetocultivatetheir thickbooksfor standards to bemaintained.Thatiswhyyoungmenand times and contexts. That is why it is so important for scientific communities, different in greatly vary can doubt reasonable the requirements for whenaclaim has beenproven beyond Beyond that are two furtherpoints to consider. For one thing, state thatfact. the understandingandacceptanceofconceptsusedto of evidence to thecontrary, existence andsecond, through variances in the through ways—first, basic two in rejected but itstillremains the case that a factualstatementcan be Now, somefactsare more likelytobequestionedthanothers,

thorough socialreview andexamination. society andmankindshouldasarule,about undergo sciences should convince us allthemore thatstatements social sciences, thisfactofvulnerableobjectivityinthesocial Instead ofbeinganargument againstthevalidityof to venture difficult statements acrossgeneral sub-cultures. societies,orbetween more it making well, as greatly varies a weapon.Thesituationineachsociety cannot avoidbeing knowledge, whetherintheguiseofscience or not,mosttimes But truth. the even intimesofpeace,amityisbutarelative term,and is war of victim first the quoted, often is As and criteriaforobjectivitywithinitare hard tofind. more contested. The human arena, in truth, is one of conflict, much moremuch more general, value-basedandso,much Nature inthatstatementsmadetheformerare necessarily of Study the from differs Society his and Man of Study The generation. As always, much of theworkwillhavetobedone by thenext intellectual capture thattheyhavesuffered forsolong. have escapedthe they say that Malaysians canfactually disseminate facts, butwehaveyetalongwaytogobefore changed thewaypeopleaccess news, makesnewsand of communication and discussion thatitbrought mayhave The adventoftheInternetandmanytechnologicalmeans education systemallowedtodeteriorate. neutered fordecades, the judiciaryequallyso,and had beenthenormforalongtime.Journalism What are we to learnof this? In Malaysia, divisive discourses integration. arguments and conflicts more than discussions and discourse though thatitmaybetoolate,andwhatawaitsinsteadare the divideswillbeinteresting towatch.There are signs society, andwhethertheinstitutionscanmanagetobridge feeling ignored bywhatshould have beenaninclusive A large segment of American society hasnodoubtbeen attempts toundermineitshonoured traditions. the Vietnam War, andwecanexpectitsjudiciarytoresist students toembrace activism to adegree notseen since in thepublicsphere;irrationality wecanexpectitsuniversity see astheriseof to goonthewarpathagainstwhatthey put itsinstitutionstothetest.We canexpectitsjournalists the UnitedStatesisgoingthroughThe crisisthat nowwill for criticsofgovernmentsare dauntingly harsh. known todevelopindependentthought;andthepunishment technical subjects and not towards those disciplines that are education system isgearedlow; the is painfully towards the standarddeveloping countriesisthat ofjournalism and without.Whatissadlynoticeableinmostof Asia’s society’s ability toresist intellectual capture from within of education have therefore beenconsidered essential to a Maintaining agood standard of journalism and ahighlevel wishes todefinethatsociety. discussions so as to determine what thefacts are which it survival. Itistheapparent nature ofpowertolimitandsteer society byitsmembersare sovitaltoitsdevelopmentand This iswhymechanisms for seriouspublicdiscussions about CAPTURE INTELLECTUAL ESCAPING

17 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 18 ESSAYS remain partoftheEU. the across refugees of UK’s JunereferendumMediterranean andthe flow to on whether the from risks: political faces Honkapohja toldtheaudienceatSunwayUniversity. Italso But Europe’s challengesareonly economic,Professor not of Europe’s slowrecovery, headded. The extremely low inflation in the EU, was a strong indicator were growing more slowlythantheirnorthernneighbours. and Spain, Italy Mediterranean nations,like said, whileother on recovered”he “barely had – 2009 was in bankruptcy of brink the which – economy Greece but overall year, a the 1.5% about with at growing 2013 since recovery gradual a Professor Honkapohja said that theEuro area hadexperienced Asia (JCI). lecture Southeast on Jeffreyorganised Institute the Cheah by Bank ofFinlandeconomist Seppo Honkapohjawarnedata UK referendum on whether to stay in the European Union, developments overseas and athome, including theimpending from risks significant are there but crisis, financial the from The countriesoftheEuropean Union(EU)are recovering Seppo Honkapohja MACROECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OFCAMBRIDGE. MACROECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OFINTERNATIONAL PROFESSOR FORMER AND OF FINLAND SEPPO HONKAPOHJA VOTE MEMBERSHIP FOR PREPARES ASBRITAIN THREATS POLITICAL FACESECONOMIC AND EU THE IS A BOARD MEMBER OF BANK OFBANK MEMBER ISABOARD itself. Countrieswhichoperate inisolationusuallydo badly.” UK isisolating do,” heconcluded.“Insomesensethe to thing “It is naïve for the UK to think that thisa straightforward UK. union –wouldreally beinthebestlong-terminterests ofthe within theEU and questionedwhetherBrexit –leavingthe Obama hadspokenstrongly infavourofBritainremaining Professor Honkapohja pointedoutthatUSPresident Barack not onlyintheEU, but inothercountriesaround the world.” exports. “There willbeconsequences for tradearrangements UK’s the of half almost for aredestination the states 28 EU’s are likelytobetough,”Honkapohjawarned,notingthatthe the termsofitsdeparture.years tonegotiate “Negotiations under theTreatydoes voteforexit, of Lisbonitwillhavetwo polls suggestingtheoutcome is tooclose to call.IfBritain The UK referendum will take place on June 23rd with opinion spark alotofdifficultyandturbulence.” definitely would departure their and Union European the in Honkapohja said.“TheBritisheconomy is oneofthelargest “Businesses are saying theyare postponingplans,” Professor from 2011 – 2014, argued that the current economic climate economic current the that argued 2014, – 2011 from Economy Creative the Tourismand for Minister and 2011 – 2004 from Indonesia in Minister Trade was who Pangestu, “Bad timesleadtogoodpolicies,” sheobserved. 622 millionpeople. ASEAN Economic Community(AEC),across tennationsand emergenceagreeingworld stage by ontothe to establish the New York. ASEAN hadalsomobilisedinresponse toChina’s Financial Crisis in 1997/98, or the wake of the 9/11 attacks on Worldthe TradeAsian the of Organization,creation the 80s, of times, whetherwiththeeconomic recessions of the mid- difficult most the at come often had states member its and the impetustochangewithin Pangestu notedthat ASEAN the world’sbigpowers. decline incommoditypricesandincreasedbetween rivalry services to trade from goods,therestructuring ofChina’seconomy, in the shift global a years, slower 3-5 next the region: the over growth facing challenges five outlined Now aProfessor at theUniversityofIndonesia, Pangestu must findthepoliticalwilltotakeleadership role.” lead role,” Pangestutoldtheinvitedaudience.“Indonesia “ASEAN has always been strong whenIndonesia takes the Institute onSoutheast Asia (JCI). Pangestu, said at a dinner talk organised by the Jeffrey Cheah must lead the way, former Indonesian Trade Minister Mari and the riseofbig-powerrivalryinregion, andIndonesia reform economic growth, slowing effectively address is crucial forthecountriesofSoutheast areAsia ifthey to A stronger Association ofSoutheast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Mari Pangestu CREATIVE ECONOMY 2014 FROM2011 OCTOBER UNTIL TO FROM 2004 2011, AND OFTOURISM AS MINISTER AND OFTRADE MINISTER AS INDONESIA’S PANGESTU SERVED MARI REIMAGINING SOUTHEAST ASIA SOUTHEAST REIMAGINING Southeast Asia without ASEAN.” without Southeast Asia “I am cautiously optimistic,” she said. “I cannotimaginea concluded. encouraging fortheregional bloc,Professor Pangestu Nevertheless, recent shifts in Indonesia’s approach were given longertoimplementthe plan. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar andVietnam –havealsobeen agreements forprofessionals. ASEAN’s poorer members– up ofservicesandthemutualrecognitionon theopening struggled toimplement some of its provisions, particularly and production baseacross theregion,countries have but Ultimately, the AEC issupposedtoestablishasinglemarket 2015. December of end the at trillion, $2.6 of GDP combined a ASEAN EconomicCommunity(AEC),asinglemarketwith it isdoing,”shesaid. that integration ASEAN declared the should also “accelerate,deepenandbroaden the economic Given thechangingeconomic landscape, ASEAN countries pact, wouldhavetopay17%,shesaid. the outside Indonesia, while zero be would tariff Vietnam’s risked losingout.Inindustriessuchasshoemanufacturing it stillrequires theapproval oftheUSCongress -Indonesia month. join the following Pangestu saidthatiftheTPP were tobecomeoperational– to wish (TPP) its Partnership Trans-Pacific signalled the and 2015 September in moves deregulatory major of a series on embarked it 2014, in office Widodo’s government was quite protectionist whenittook Focusing onIndonesia, she notedthatwhilePresident Joko Trans-Pacific US-led the join Partnership, appeared tobeactinginasimilarway. to Malaysia, and Vietnam and thedecision bysome ASEAN countries, including

19 ISSUE #3 ESSAYS 20 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING targets forallcountries toadoptinaccordance with their leaving no one behind. These goals also provide 169 detailed of goal 2030’s Agenda of part as generations, future for life community tocometogetherwiththevisionimprove call forallmembersoftheglobal The SDGsserveasarallying involve tacklingissuesassociatedwithanothergoal. interconnected; oftenthekeytosuccess of anyonegoalwill induced climatechangeinmind.Thegoalsare complexand with the key goal of mitigating thedangers of human- development andenvironmentalequitable sustainability justice. The SDGstakeonthechallengesofensuringmore innovation, sustainableconsumption, as well peace and new areas suchasclimatechange,economic inequality, poverty, hunger andpreventable diseases while including Development Goalswhichfocused on endingextreme Goals Development (SDGs). TheSDGscontinuetheworkofMillennium Sustainable the includes which 2030, summit at theUnited Nations in New York special to adopt Agenda a for gathered leaders world 2015, of September In Prime MinisterDato’SriMohdNajibbinTun Professor Razak, Tan SriZakri AbdulHamid. From lefttoright:Professor Graeme Wilkinson, Professor Jeffrey Sachs,Tan SriDato’SeriDrJeffrey Cheah DEVELOPMENT CENTER ONSUSTAINABLE LAUNCHES THEJEFFREYSACHS MALAYSIAN PRIMEMINISTER eeomn Sltos ewr truh gf o US$10 of gift a through Network Solutions Development collaboration withtheUnited NationsSustainable University Malaysia.The Center wasestablishedin Development, thefirstofitskindin Asia, at Sunway onSustainable (JSC) Center Sachs Jeffrey the launching by development promote sustainable to effort global the in step tremendous a took Malaysia 2016, December of 9th the On path tosustainabledevelopment.” expertise todriveprogress andhelpsupportcountries onthe and experience the has UNDP conflict. and change climate of the pressing challenges facing our world such as poverty, providesome uswithacommonplanandagendatotackle Program (UNDP) Administrator HelenClark.“TheSDGs top priorityforUNDP,” saidUnitedNationsDevelopment a is Agenda 2030 the of out roll “Supporting planet. the and collaboration and unity to make a positive change for people agenda, as they tackletheroot causes of poverty and promote issues of our time.The SDGs provide an all-encompassing own domestic agendaaswelltodealwiththepressing AO

on sustainabledevelopment. curriculum world’s best will curatesomeofthe addition, it tanks around the world to generate research and policy. In and developinglinkageswithleadinguniversitiesthink deepening technicalknowledgeinsustainabledevelopment The Jeffrey SachsCenterwillbetheregional hubfor of theUnitedNations(UN)in2015. following theadoptionof17goalsby193memberstates commitment focused ontheeducationandimplementationofSDGs financial largest Cheah the Jeffrey far by the (JCF), Foundation from million) RM45 (about million the three themesofsustainabledevelopment: economic Center, inhisopening speechfortheconference, emphasised Sachs Jeffrey The of Director the WooThye, WingProfessor Lan andProfessor Jeffrey Sachs. Daniel Schrag,Professor Angelo Riccaboni, Professor Xue included Professor Tan SriZakri Abdul Hamid,Professor on SustainableDevelopmentNow.” With speakersthat theme oftheconference was“MovingDecisivelyForward The of the Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development. A one-dayconference was held inconjunction with thelaunch CENTER THE OF CONFERENCE AND LAUNCH THE Professor Tan SriZakri AbdulHamid various eminent scholars. various poverty palm alleviationby acknowledged inwas oil Malaysia and free from thevicious cycle of poverty. FELDA’s success in rubber gave 1956 smallholdings to therural poor as a wayfor people tobreak in scheme (FELDA) establishment oftheFederal Land Development Authority the exampleofMalaysia’sfightagainstpoverty. The A CaseforMalaysiaandSoutheast Asia”. Hestartedwith spoke on“Walking theTalk onImplementingtheSDGs: Abdul Sri Zakri Tan Hamid, Science Advisor to thePrimeMinisterofMalaysia Professor speaker, keynote first The engagement andtrainingprogrammes with thegovernment. role in assisting with theproblem of implementation through He concluded with a vision of the Center playinga pivotal development amongthestatesremain unaddressed. intra-ethnic inequality,but uneven caused by andinequality been proactive inaddressing inequalityamongethnicgroups the Malaysiangovernmenthas social inclusion,hesaidthat its ethnicgroups andindustrialisation.Onthematterof crisis, thereduction ofpovertyaswellinequalityamong financial Asian the before from growth high of restoration the Malaysia’s goalforeconomicdynamismshouldbe environment. dynamism, social inclusionandthesustainabilityofnatural

21 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING 22 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING climate change,suchastheGreenland ice sheets, Arctic sea to barriers describing examplesofdiminishingnatural Opportunities fortheDevelopingWorld”, beganby discussing “Climate ChangeandSustainableDevelopment: Harvardat Geochemical Oceanography University, in for theEnvironment, andDirectorLaboratory for ofthe Professor Daniel Schrag,Director oftheUniversityCenter economic progress, includingtheeradicationofpoverty.” between protecting ournaturalheritageandensuringsocio- balance right the finding about is development “Sustainable equitable society. Inconcluding his presentation, Zakrisaid, resilient growth, and enhancing inclusiveness towards an human capitaldevelopment,pursuingsustainableand framework through severalstrategies,suchasaccelerating Zakri suggestedthattheSDGsbeintegratedintoplanning commodities have helped reduce rural poverty dramatically. Malaysia hasbecomeatopproducer ofrubber andoilpalm; Through manyyearsofresearch anddevelopment, Professor DanielSchrag in termsofbiodiversityandfoodsecurity. trade-offs the consider seriously must we but fuels fossil for In Schrag’s opinion, biofuels are the best possible replacement fossil economy in spite of the present commercial unviability. next generationclean technology research to reach a non- He concludedbyemphasisingtheimportanceofcontinuing to zero. the pointof this is not justtoreduce emission but togetit a non-fossil economy is essential for our planet’s future and metres, tensofmetres ofsealevelrise.”Schragaddedthat of years, on the scale of massive ice sheets, sea level rise of and our grandchildren, we’re talkingabouttensofthousands children our affect just not will that today technology the audience,saying“We are makingdecisions about energy cautioned He now. from years 20,000 staggering a there be stay in the atmosphere 1,000 years from now; a third will still morewarned that thanhalfofairbornecarbondioxidewill ice and Antarctic ice shelfs. Speaking onthecarboncycle, he

of allfoodproduced wasted; thatagriculture iscarried out are percent who 30 with waste food tremendous alongside hunger of people million coexistence the obese; are 800 more billion 2 while underweight almost the us: confronting solution asquicklypossible.Hespokeofthree issues the challengewillbetogofrom research toinnovation water usedinagriculture. Witha growing worldpopulation, of all energy is used in the food sector and 70 percent of fresh billion 2 people worldwide currently are sector. employed in that the food sector, agricultural says 30 percent he the enormity, its He affecting Emphasising is 2030. environment the Agenda and implementing in described how agriculture isimpactingtheenvironment overlooked often his presentationbegan about theagri-food,sector talking Sustainable Development:Innovationsare Needed.”He University ofSiena,focusedon“FoodSystemsfor Riccaboni, ChairofSDSN Assembly andRectorofthe Following Professor DanielSchrag,Professor Angelo Professor AngeloRiccaboni

and capacitybuilding. mobilising andeducatingconsumers onbetterfood practices for instance;promoting businessculture inthesmall farms, number of ways to introduce innovation in the food sector, and is also good for theplanet.”Riccaboni ends with a good for your healthhas a lower impact on the environment great impact of food on the environment. He said, “What is leadership onfoodandultimately, publicawareness ofthe on thefoodsector, coordinated publicpoliciesandglobal and energy, theneedformore informationandresearch understanding intersectionalitywithotherissues like water create jobs. Somekeyissues in achievingthesegoalswouldbe importantly, most and efficiency, energy and water greenhouse gas emissions, preserve biodiversity, increase The goals,according toRiccaboni,shouldbereduce also employedasanimalfeedandbiofuels. for purposesotherthanfood,suchascereal crops, thatare

23 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING 24 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING clear policy direction from the top level and flexibility for flexibility local implementation. and level top the from direction policy clear sound analysis, elements, namelypoliticalwill coupledwith concluded by sayingthatimplementation needs a number of can beimproved.technologies bydiscussinghowthey He carbon low in innovation and policy) Poverty’ on ‘War the Five (Chinese Government’s 13th initiatives Year Planand He elaborated on solutions in place, such as government towards theenvironment attitude andgrowing social inequality.” pollute-first-clean-up-later a model, development to betheiroverreliance onalabourintensiveeconomic events, theirdevelopment challenges inrecent yearscontinue opening ofitseconomyin1979.Hesays,“inspitethese he describes the major transformations in Chinasince the barriers inachievingthegoals.UsingChinaasacase study, and, nationalandinternationalcoordination assome of the capacity government financing, cites he implementation, with oneanother. Expoundingonsome of thelimitationto and goalscaneitherbecomplementarytoorcompeting priorities, developmental different have countries whereby goals because achieving thegoalsare technicallycomplex, implemented asasystemandnotcollectiveofindividual Development Goals.” He explained thatSDGs must be “Policy ChallengesinImplementingSustainable Management atTsinghua University, Beijing,discussed School ofPublicPolicyand Council andDeanofthe Professor Xue Lan, Member of United Nations University Professor XueLan on SustainableDevelopmentforthe ASEAN Region: Sachs ends by reiterating the tasks of the Jeffrey Sachs Center and systems necessary to achieving theSDGs. Professor ASEAN, including thekindof mind-set, institutions, values Sachswent said. he on todescribethechallengesofsustainabledevelopment in solutions,” find and reflect to able be each other,peaceful, norwillwe to be able not be wewill Goals because ifweare notable to thinkclearlyor understand is themostimportantofallSustainableDevelopment objectives, andofallthecomplexities, Ithinkeducation access to qualityhealthcare andeducation. “Ofallofthese sustainable cities, sustainable agriculture andlanduse, four great transformations:lowcarbonenergy transition, species. Sachsbelievesthatsustainabledevelopmententails storms tothedrivingextinctionofanumberGreat Ape tropical massive from change, climate man-made of onSustainable various effects the showed first He Mean?” Center Really Development Sachs SDSNand Jeffrey UN Development, spoke on “What Does Sustainable the the of of Chairman Director Sachs, Jeffrey Professor

2 1   Urban Systems Applied Research: Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Smart the SDGlobalLibrary SDG Courses forthe Academy andNewTextbooksfor in Development Practise, Quality Education:Master’s Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Jeffrey Cheah Jeffrey Dr Seri Dato’ Sri Tan defining the challenge ofourtimes,”hesaid. is development sustainable that recognising pehs y rfso Scs Tn r Dt’ ei r Jeffrey Dr Cheah Seri Dato’ Sri Tan Sachs, Professor by speeches The daycame to aclose with thelaunchceremony and not the sole responsibility ofgovernmentsbutrequires of Sunway University, saidtherealisation ofthesegoalsis Chancellor and Founding Foundation Cheah Jeffrey the of the vision of Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Jeffrey Cheah Jeffrey Dr Seri Dato’ Sri Tan of vision the signals governments andinnovation.“Thispartnership its workon education, applied research, coordination with of theworld’s drive towards achieving theSDGsthrough Professor Sachs said thattheCenterwillbeanimportantpart Tun Razak. 4 3

Cheah From lefttoright:Professor Graeme Wilkinson, Tan SriDr. Ir. AhmadTajuddin Tan Dato’SriIdrisJala, Ali, SriDato’SeriDrJeffrey Tan Tan Hashim, SriDatukSeriRazmanM. SriDato’Dr. R.V. Navaratnam Scaling Up Cutting-Edge Demonstration Projects with Potentialfor Advisory andTraining withBusinessandGovernment AO andourPrimeMinister, Dato’SriMohdNajibbin AO , PrimeMinisterDato’SriMohdNajibbinTun Professor Razak, Tan SriZakriProfessor AbdulHamid, Jeffrey Sachs, AO , FoundingTrustee AO , in

the worldinsustainabledevelopment,”hesaid. government bodies,NGOsandsocialenterprisesaround universities, industries, with linkages and indeveloping a newgenerationofstudents,practitionersandpolicyleaders and policy practice; creating world-class programmes to train pioneering Centerwe open today will be a hub for research in supportingthegovernmentadvancingSDGs.“The of the Jeffrey Sachs Center, which will be taking on a lead role In hisspeech,PrimeMinisterNajiblaudedtheestablishment agenda fortheregion and,indeed,theworld.” establish Malaysia as a leader in drivingthesustainability help will here Center Sachs Jeffrey the up setting that hope ensuring amoreworld. Itismy sustainable andequitable to theworldofideasandcommitment its contribution to effort measured notjustby itseconomic statistics,butalso through the in campaigner end poverty. “Istrongly believethatadevelopednationis tireless a and development Center,the beingaworld-renownedon sustainable authority were truly delightedwhenProfessor Sachsagreed tolead sustainable developmentinourdailylives,”hesaid.“We of thisCentertochangethemindsetpeopletowards commitment ofallsegmentssociety. “Itisthevision the

25 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING 26 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING as power, transportation,waterandwastemanagement. projects currently inthepipelinewillencompass areas such various stakeholdersandthepublicatlarge. Demonstration number ofworkshopsinorder tocommunicatetheSDGs We have planned a series of regional events as well as a executive trainingseries,bothonsustainabledevelopment. programme and an launching aworld class master’s and applied research. Inthearea ofeducation, we willbe is Development onSustainable currently focusedonthree pillars:education,outreach Center Sachs Jeffrey The technologies. to formulatesolutionsformakingthebestofavailable technical know-howaswellsocialandpolicyframeworks Ecology, etc.These subjects willequipstudentswithboththe such as SustainableEnergy, Water Management,Industrial regionacross andeventually theworld.Itwillcovertopics implement sustainable solutions and policy inthe ASEAN tomorrow’s leaders withtheknowledgeand skillsto programme willservethepurposeoftrainingandequipping inSustainableDevelopmentPractice The Master’s TRAINING EXECUTIVE AND PROGRAMME MASTER’S DEVELOPMENT? SACHS CENTERONSUSTAINABLE WHAT’S NEXTFORTHEJEFFREY

operations, aswellsustainableurbanpractice. will includediscussions on sustainablemanagementand them toreach theirfullestpotential.Theexecutivetraining tools necessaryfor them withthe development andequip on their potential role in furthering thecause of sustainable the publicandprivatesector, itwilleducateparticipants developed. Targeted at professionals and leaders from both An executivetrainingprogramme iscurrently being transportation andwastemanagement. who are dedicatedtoareas suchassustainableenergy, green aimedat are These public and private sustainabledevelopment practitioners interest. of technical topics specific on The Centeralsohasplannedanumberworkshopsfocused towards realising Agenda 2030. foster solidarityandcooperationamongthe ASEAN nations respectivegoals intheir nations.We hopetoseethismeeting insights ontheministers’ experiences inimplementingthe Sustainable DevelopmentGoals.Thismeetingwill provide the Southeast Asian Nations todiscuss their commitments to In April, wewillhostameetingoftheministersten WORKSHOPS AND EVENT OUTREACH waste, while it appears rather trivial, is a large contributor location of the Centerinanurbansetting.Recyclingfood Wasteanother area managementwillbe ofstudy, given is alsobeingplannedforthenear future. management, studyingthewater bodieswithinSunwayCity of keepingtheriverclean. A project onsustainablelake will beparamounttoeducatethepubliconimportance As theriverruns alongresidential andindustrialzones, it project will encompass both atechnical and social aspect. of thePenagaRiverwhichruns through SunwayCity. This (UKM) tostudyanddevelopsolutionsremediate thewater currently workingwiththeNationalUniversity of Malaysia to furtherresearch inthearea ofwaterbodies.TheCenteris Being situated in Sunway City offers the unique opportunity infrastructure. network and enhancements of the existing pedestrian These studies will lookinto thefeasibilityof a bicyclesharing eco-mobility willbecarriedoutstartingwithSunwayCity. almost zero carbontransportationsystem.Two studieson an of possibility the offers bikes these hydrogenfor generate of utilisingsolarenergyto hydrolyse in order water to from a technicalandcommercial standpoint.Theoption exploring theviabilityof hydrogen fuel cell motorbikes In thearea ofsustainabletransportation,theCenteris move towards almost zero-carbon powergeneration. ofsolar the Centerhopes to starta trend in theenergy sector that will acombination Employing energy,storage andsteamreformed battery hydrogen gas; grid. national the off that willseeurbanaswellrural communities taken Plans are underwaytodesignanddevelopanenergy strategy viablility whileleavingthesmallestcarbonfootprintpossible. sources andhow cantheybebestoptimisedforcommercial researchThe Centerhasbegun onalternativepower PROJECTS RESEARCH APPLIED

in sustainabledevelopment. technologies andideascanbeimplemented,leadingtheway into a“livinglab”wherewill transformSunwayCity new hopes to sees this supportdevelopintoapartnershipthat support forgreen initiativeswithinSunwayCity. TheCenter the future, theSunwayGroup hasexpressed theircontinuing Planners (MIP) Awards forPlanningExcellence.Lookingto Low CarbonCity Awardof Malaysian Institute ninth the at In January of 2017, Sunway City was awarded the prestigious various othermeans. excess ediblefoodtothoseinneed,usingitascompost, or problem could be bestaddressed, whether by sending the projects will beimplemented todemonstratehowthis measurement ofemissions from fooddecompositionand to greenhouse gasemissions. A studywilllookintothe to takeonthecomplex challengesfacingour planet. next generationof“Sustainable DevelopmentPractitioners” to produce a comprehensive core curriculum, equipping the work withmemberinstitutions andpartnersoftheSDSN open onlineeducationonsustainable development.Itwill SDSN Association and aims to provide high-quality, massive SDG Academy. TheSDG Academy isaninitiativeofthe Open OnlineCourses (MOOCs) fortheonlinelearningportal, developing aMassive In additiontothat,theCenterwillbegin achieve thegoalsby2030. priorities forimplementationandclosethegapsinorder to Goals. TheSDGIndexisaimed at helpingcountriesidentify their progress in addressing the 17SustainableDevelopment as partofaglobalinitiativetoholdnationsaccountableon SDG IndexDashboarddata necessary forthe compile the government agencies and research institutes to collect and The Centerlooksforwardvarious with tocollaborating INITIATIVES OTHER

27 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING 28 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING smallholder agriculture and to fight high disease burdens through strengthening primary healthsystems.His disease high fight to and agriculture smallholder Act (AGOA).Hehaslobbied African leaders to promote countries through the African Growth and Opportunity market enhance significantly access to theUSforqualifyingSub-Saharan African (SSA) to Administration Clinton the from officials senior with worked He mid-1990s. the in national andregional levelonthematterof Africa’s poverty Sachs started his career working in African countries at a Asia, Europe andtheMiddleEast. on economic strategy and reforms in Africa, the Americas, years ofexperienceadvisingheads of stateandgovernments of theyoungestinHarvard’s history. Hehasmore thanthirty promoted to the position of Full Professor at the age of 28, one Sachs, already an academic star in the making, was Influential Most 100 Magazine’s People.” “Time of one as named renownto earnhiminternational andrespect; hewastwice leadership intheseinitiativeshaveearnedandcontinued fervour for preserving our planet for future generations. His demonstrated an immense compassion for thepooranda initiatives toeradicatepovertyacross the globe. Hehas from being economic advisor to various nations to leading career, illustrious truly a had has Sachs D. Jeffrey Professor WHO ISJEFFREYSACHS?

AIDS, malaria andTB through anumberofinitiatives.Sachs from theBush Administration tocombatthespread ofHIV/ officials senior and Annan Kofi Secretary-General UN with WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health.Heworked the of chair was he when 6 and 5, 4, MDGs support health of financing care and disease control in the low-income countries to the up scaling in role pivotal a played the premier academic and practitioner of the MDGs. He consideredGoals (MDGs),Sachshasbeen many tobe by Since theadoptionofMillenniumDevelopment University, thefirstofits kind intheUnitedStates. introduce thePhDinSustainableDevelopment atColumbia sustainable developmentintertiaryeducation,andhelpedto development. Hehasconsistentlyadvocatedforinclusion edge research onallaspectsofearthsystemsandsustainable science and social-science disciplines, in conductingcutting- organisation ofacademics and professionals from natural- Columbia University. As Director,of heleads a university-wide Institute Earth the of Director the became Sachs 2002, In more equitableworld. a for fight the in regions international to expand to time his experiences in Africa provided a valuable foundation during trap havebeenwidelyappliedthroughout thecontinent.His to breakin health ideas oninvesting pioneering poverty the TB, andMalaria,justtoname afew. Programme (WFP),UNAIDS,the GlobalFundtoFight AIDS, Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP), the World Food banks, theWorld HealthOrganization (WHO),theUnited including the African Union,variousregionaldevelopment to workcloselywithmanyinternationalorganisations, questions ofdevelopmenthasgivenhimtheopportunity His deepknowledgeinaddressing povertyandpertinent for Development. Commissioner of theITU/UNESCO Broadband Commission also oneoftheSecretary-General’sMDG Advocates, anda extreme poverty, hunger, and preventable disease. Sachs is the MillenniumDevelopmentGoals and theeradicationof organisationachievement of committed toaccelerating solely non-profit international an Alliance, Promise Millennium of In additiontothat,Sachs is Co-Founder and ChiefStrategist countries to helpsupportnationalanti-povertyprogrammes. being appliedinnationslikeNigeria,Maliandmanyothers reviewed publications. Some of the keyconcepts are now mortality rates,withtheresults describedinseveralpeer- agricultural production, reducing childstunting,andcutting in raising breakthroughs significant recorded led approach to sustainabledevelopment.The Project has root the address causes ofextreme poverty, to takingaholistic,community- aims Project The people. 500,000 than which operatesinten African countries andcovers more Sachs currently directs theMillenniumVillages Project, implemented anddocumentedintheMillenniumVillages. recommendations for rural Africa thatare currently being Millennium Project ataspecialsession. Among themwere General UN Assembly adopted the keyrecommendations of theUN the 2005, September In MDGs. the achieve to UN MillenniumProject anddeveloped a concrete actionplan the chair to Annan Kofi Secretary-General by assigned was Professor Jeffrey Secretary- D.Sachs General PhotoCredit: withUN BanKimoon. EarthInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity. together toachievetheSustainable DevelopmentGoals. prime positiontoplayaleadershiprolenations inbringing upstanding reputationamong worldleadersputshimina poor anddisadvantaged.His a deepcompassionforthe development coupledwith economic andsustainable with University,to ithisyearsofexperience Malaysiawillbring Sunway at Development Sustainable on Center Jeffrey Sachs Sachs, withhisrecent appointmentastheChair of the throughout theyears. change andtheendofpovertyduetohisvastexperience strategies ofeconomic reform, macroeconomic policy, climate aleading He remains commentator on globalissues like economic development, programme. this offer to around world majoruniversities the of anumber to led have efforts future leaders for the cause of sustainabledevelopment. His Masters ofDevelopmentPractice(MDP)inorder totrain a championofthe Development Goals.Hecontinuestobe Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moonontheSustainable Since then, hehasserved as Special Advisor to United creating sustainabledevelopmentpathways. sustainable developmentchallengesandassist countries in projectsSDSN willdeploypilot andimplementsolutionsto challenges confrontingnear future,world. Inthe the the the interconnected economic, social, andenvironmental promote integratedtechnicalandpolicyapproaches to scales. ThisNetworkwillacceleratejointlearningandhelp development problem solvingatlocal,national,andglobal civil society, andtheprivatesectorinsupportofsustainable academia, from expertise technical and scientific mobilising with SachsasitsDirector. TheSDSNwastaskedwith the (SDSN), UN SustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork launched Ki-moon Ban Secretary-General UN 2012, In

29 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHING 30 EVENTS CALENDAR Sunway University) (Jointly organised by Seminar 7 March 2016 Webcast 4 February 2016 Forum 28 January2016 Webcast 26 January2016 Renaissance Front) G25 andIslamic (In collaborationwith Forum 25 January2016 Forum 14 January2016 Date &Type ofevent FROM JAN 2016 TO MAR 2017 – EVENTS ASIA ON SOUTHEAST INSTITUTE CHEAH JEFFREY

Excellence to AchieveAcademic Mobilising Diversity ISIS inMalaysia Through Innovation the Current Uncertainties Universities toSurvive TPPA andMalaysia to Democracy? Is PoliticalIslamaThreat in 2016 The World Economy Topic 4. 3.  2. 1.  Panel ofspeakers: Islamic University, Malaysia Dr. MaszleeMalik, Assistant Professor attheInternational 2. 1.  2. 1. for TheInternationalNew York Times. The PulseoftheMiddleEast,andamonthlyopinionwriter newspaper HürriyetDailyNews,thewebsite Al-Monitor: Mr. MustafaAkyol,authorandcolumnistforTurkish 2. 1.  Speakers University Professor GraemeWilkinson , Vice-Chancellor, Sunway Australian HighCommission,Malaysia Karen Welsh, Counsellor(Education andScience), Chancellor, AustralianNationalUniversity , Australia Professor MarnieHughes-Warrington, DeputyVice- of UniversityMalayaandFounderPresident of of SunwayUniversity,FormerVice Chancellor Professor Tan SriDr GhauthJasmon,Board Member National Unity, Department. PrimeMinister’s Hub andformerPoliticalSecretary, Departmentof Mr. Vincent Wong Wai Sang,CEO,MalaysiaInnovation Multimedia University. of UniversityMalayaandFounderPresident of of SunwayUniversity,FormerVice Chancellor Professor Tan SriDrGhauthJasmon,Board Member Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia Institute forMalaysiaandInternationalStudies Professor SufianJusoh,World Trade Institute and YB CharlesSantiago,MemberofParliamentforKlang University Econometric Theoryand Applications, NationalTaiwan Department andDirector oftheCenterforResearch in Professor, FinanceDepartmentandEconomics Professor KuanChung-Ming,UniversityChair Institute onSoutheast Asia, SunwayUniversity Professor Woo Wing Thye,President, Jeffrey Cheah Association) Malaysian Economic (In collaborationwith Forum 12 August 2016 Renaissance Front) G25 andIslamic (In collaborationwith Forum 1 August 2016 Seminar 21 June2016 Renaissance Front) G25 andIslamic (In collaborationwith Forum 30 May2016 Public Lecture 13 May2016 Forum 23 April 2016 Dinner Talk 24 March 2016 Conference 24 March 2016 Date &Type ofevent FROM JAN 2016FROM JAN 2017 TO MAR (cont’d) – EVENTS ASIA ONSOUTHEAST INSTITUTE CHEAH JEFFREY

Committees Parliamentary Effectiveness of over Theology The Salienceof Authority Theory ofSectarianism: Toward aPolitical Private HigherEducation Seminar onExpanding Islam andtheSecularState Other Stories Teamand Adenan The 2016SarawakElections: Problems Policies, Prospects and The European Economy: Reimagining Southeast Asia Reimagining and ClimateChange Problems, Big-PowerRivalry Domestic Socio-Economic Searching forSolutionsto East Asia in2016: Topic 3.  2. 1.  of InternationalStudies,UniversityDenver Director, CenterforMiddleEastStudies, JosefKorbelSchool Associate Professor ofMiddleEastandIslamicPolitics Associate ProfessorDrNaderHashemi, 2. 1. University, USA Charles Howard CandlerProfessor ofLaw, Emory Professor AbdullahiAhmedAn-Na’im Cheah InstituteonSoutheast Asia, SunwayUniversity Professor JamesChin,UniversityofTasmania/ Jeffrey Finland Dr. SeppoHonkapohja Indonesia Professor MariElkaPangestu,FormerMinisterofTrade, 4. 3.  2. 1. Northeast AsianSituation: 4. 3.  2. 1.  Southeast AsianSituation: Speakers Hon JonErizal , MemberofIndonesian Parliament Representatives Parliament, andformerSpeaker oftheHouse Hon AnnaBurke,RetiringMemberof Australian Office andMinisterof Transport,UnitedKingdom Rt HonNormanBaker,FormerMinisterofState,Home Open UniversityMalaysia Professor MansorFadzil,President /Vice-Chancellor, University Institute onSoutheast Asia; Board Member, Sunway Professor GhauthJasmon,SeniorFellow, Jeffrey Cheah Korea University, andformerMinisterofForeign Affairs, South Professor Yoon Young-Kwan, Professor, SeoulNational Institute onSoutheast Asia, SunwayUniversity Professor Woo Wing Thye,President, Jeffrey Cheah Harvard University Professor EmeritusofPoliticalEconomy, Professor DwightPerkins,Harold HitchingsBurbank Asian Institute,NationalUniversityofSingapore Professor EmeritusWang Gungwu,Chairman,East Indonesia Professor MariElkaPangestu, FormerMinisterofTrade, of Malaya,FounderPresident ofMultimediaUniversity Sunway University, formerVice ChancellorofUniversity Professor Tan SriDrGhauthJasmon,Board Member Development Research Institute of Finance,Thailand;andformerPresident ofThailand Professor ChalongphobSussangkarn, formerMinister Sunway University Professor Dato’ Dr. Tan Tat Wai, Research Professor, , MemberoftheBoard, Bankof

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31 ISSUE #3 EVENTS CALENDAR 32 EVENTS CALENDAR Kennedy School) and Innovation,Harvard Democratic Governance with ASH Center for (In collaboration Forum 18 &19January2017 Harvard University) Development at Center forInternational (In collaborationwith Seminar 9 November2016 Seminars 31 October2016 Harvard University) Development at Center forInternational (In collaborationwith Seminar 5 October2016 Seminar 4 October2016 Harvard University) Development at Center forInternational (In collaborationwith Seminar 22 September2016 Date &Type ofevent FROM JAN 2016FROM JAN 2017 TO MAR (cont’d) – EVENTS ASIA ONSOUTHEAST INSTITUTE CHEAH JEFFREY Access andQualityin Asia Improving Education Asia PublicPolicyForum: for theBigCities Requires aLeadingRole Urbanization inChina Efficient andInclusive Transformation Sustainability andEconomic Malaysia’s Growth the Problem Indonesia andFixing Catch-Up Growth in Understanding theSlow Malaysian Institutions Greater Excellencein Governance: Achieving University leadershipand Agreements and Preferential Trade of Production Network based ontheExpansion Strategy forSoutheast Asia A NewDevelopment Topic •  •  •  Education Panel 3:BalancingAccessand QualityinTertiary •  •  • Secondary Education Panel 2:BalancingAccessandQualityinPrimary •  • •  Panel 1:CreatingaVibrant KnowledgeSector Shanghai JiaoTong University Professor LuMing,Distinguished ofEconomics, 2. 1.  University ofIndonesia Professor MuhamadChatibBasri, ofEconomics, 3.  2. 1.  Keio University Professor FukunariKimura,Dean,FacultyofEconomics, Speakers for Education Mr. MokhamadMahdum,IndonesiaEndowment Fund UniversityVietnamMs. DamBichThuy,Fulbright Education Dr. ConnieK.Chung , Harvard GraduateSchoolof Professor LantPritchett,Harvard KennedySchool Research Institute(TDRI) Dr. DeundenNikomborirak,ThailandDevelopment Professor RajahRasiah,UniversityofMalaya Australian NationalUniversity Pak DanielSuryadarma,SMERUResearch Instituteand Dr. KarndeeLeopairote,C-ASEAN Professor MichaelWoolcock , Harvard KennedySchool School; Vice-President, MalaysianEconomic Association Professor ofEconomics,SunwayUniversityBusiness Program, Jeffrey CheahInstituteonSoutheast Asia; Professor Yeah KimLeng,Director ofEconomicStudies (ACU) Banking, the Association ofCommonwealthUniversities Commonwealth FellowofFinancialEconomics& Chancellor, UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysiaand Professor DatukDrNoorAzlanGhazali,Vice- Malaya. University andtheVice-Chancellor oftheUniversity University; formerlyFounderPresident ofMultimedia Institute onSoutheast Asia; Board Member, Sunway Professor GhauthJasmon,SeniorFellow, Jeffrey Cheah Educational Leadership,UniversityofMalaya Professor AlmaHarris,Director oftheInstitute (UMacau) andaFellowofthe American PhysicalSociety. and Special Advisor totheRectorofUniversityMacau Professor DaHsuanFeng,Director ofGlobal Affairs

Forum 29-30 March 2017 Seminar 20 March 2017 on Southeast Asia on the Jeffrey CheahInstitute Sunway Universityand Education Research, Centre forHigher (Co-convened bythe Seminar 10 February 2017 Kennedy School) and Innovation,Harvard Democratic Governance with ASH Centerfor (In collaboration Forum 18 &19January2017 Date &Type ofevent FROM JAN 2016FROM JAN 2017 TO MAR (cont’d) – EVENTS ASIA ONSOUTHEAST INSTITUTE CHEAH JEFFREY Asian EconomicPanel to Adapt? Phase: HowisSoutheast Asia Globalisation EntersaNew Challenge inMalaysia Education. Meetingthe Inequality inHigher Access andQualityin Asia Improving Education Asia PublicPolicyForum: Topic 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3.  2. 1. 2. 1.  5. 4. 3.  2. 1.  •  • •  Education andDevelopment Panel 6:UnderstandingtheRelationshipBetween •  •  •  Panel 5:MeetingJobMarketDemand •  •  •  Panel 4:AssessingandImprovingEducationQuality Speakers Barry Eichengreen, UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley Yongseung Jung,KyungheeUniversity Naoyuki Yoshino, Asian DevelopmentBankInstitute Li Shiyu, RenminUniversityofChina Miaojie Yu, PekingUniversity Ming Lu,ShanghaiJiaoTong University Sarah Lynne Daway,UniversityofthePhilippines Kwanho Shin,Korea University Research Institute Muhammad AbdulKhalid Southeast Asia Professor Woo Wing Thye,Jeffrey CheahInstituteon Professor DwightPerkins,Harvard University Southeast Asia Professor Woo Wing Thye,Jeffrey CheahInstituteon Institute, Singapore Dr. OoiKeeBeng,DeputyDirector ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Education Research, SunwayUniversity Professor GlendaCrosling,Head,Centre forHigher Sains Malaysia National HigherEducationResearch Institute,Universiti Associate ProfessorMunirShuib,DeputyDirector, University ofMalaya Multimedia UniversityandtheVice-Chancellor ofthe Sunway University;formerlyFounderPresident of Cheah InstituteonSoutheast Asia; Board Member, Professor Tan SriGhauthJasmon,SeniorFellow, Jeffrey Management, UniversitiSainsMalaysia Professor FauziahMd.Taib, Dean,Schoolof Founder andDirector ofNEON,UK Higher EducationResearch, SunwayUniversity; Dr. GraemeAtheron, Adjunct Professor, Centre for Southeast Asia Professor Woo Wing Thye,Jeffrey CheahInstituteon Professor ChenZhao,FudanUniversity Technology Professor SatryoBrodjonegoro,BandungInstituteof Institute onSoutheast Asia Professor Tan SriDr. GhauthJasmon,Jeffrey Cheah Indonesia, AIPI (Indonesian Academy ofSciences) Professor MaylingOey-Gardiner,Universityof Sciences Dr. Vu QuocHuy,Vietnamese Academy ofSocial Surabaya Professor AnitaLie,Widya MandalaCatholicUniversity Commission Dr. NayWin Oo,MyanmarNationalEducationPolicy and Sciences,Harvard University Professor Xiao-LiMeng,Dean,GraduateSchoolof Arts

, FormerKhazanah

33 ISSUE #3 EVENTS CALENDAR 34 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS rapidly changingcontext. high qualityeducationwhich meetstheneeds of societyin a Asia and globally in the 21st century Asia as well as how to onSoutheast deliver Institute discussed the challengesfacingthefuture ofeducationin Cheah Jeffrey the from Thye address, theseProfessorsProfessor alongwith Woo Wing at theHarvard KenneySchool. In theopeningandwelcome Saich, Director ofthe Ash CenterforDemocraticGovernance - ChancellorofSunwayUniversityandProfessor Anthony (APPF) waspresented byProfessor Graeme Wilkinson, Vice addressThe opening sixth ofthe Asia PublicPolicyForum the viewtoensuringeconomicandsocialprogress.” improving educationaccess quality with and guaranteeing of “considering how Southeast Asia can better engagewith and as said by Professor Graeme Wilkinson, withtheaim Sunway and developing a link betweeneducation and development at Foundation. 2017 Cheah January Jeffrey This forum brought togetherindividualsproviding access 18 the by on sponsored Asia” University, in Quality and a half conference themed “Improving Education Access Jeffrey the and Institute onSoutheast Asia jointlyorganised thedayand Center ASH School Kenney Harvard The Tan SriDato’SeriDrJeffrey Cheah From Left toRight:Professor Graeme Wilkinson, Mr. JonPetitt,Professor JayRosengard,Tan SriDato’Dr. R.V. Navaratnam, Dr ElizabethLee, Tan Sarena Hashim, ,Professor SriDatukSeriRazmanM. Tan SriDr. GhauthJasmon QUALITY INASIA” EDUCATION ACCESS AND 2017 ON“IMPROVING ASIA PUBLICPOLICYFORUM AO , Dato’ Seri Idris bin Jusoh, ProfessorJuliePerkins, , Dato’SeriIdrisbinJusoh, DwightPerkins,Mrs. secondary andtertiarystagesinorder secondary high levels ofparticipationandalsoin the middle income trap. Thisofcourse the middleincometrap. for nations to reach highlydevelopedfor nationstoreach effective educationsystemswithhigh ensuring thattheeducationisindeed status andavoid whatisoftencalled relation toaffordabilityinensuring both economically andsocially,both economically but of highqualityandfit forpurpose brings aboutamajorchallengein levels ofparticipationatprimary, development highly doesrequire in thecontemporary world.” “ Professor GraemeWilkinson, Vice-Chancellor, Asia isdeveloping rapidly, Sunway University Woolcock emphasised on inclusivity byhelpingcitizens expertise, therefore tappinginto thatformofexpertise. a solutionto that problem without the needofexternal recognising thatsomeone somewhere hasalready provided and encouragedtoperceived themasasource oflearning, standard deviationsproduced by complicated problems at School and discussed the needtotapintobig Harvard Kennedy School drew on the solutions explored Professor Michael Woolcock from the and Karndee Leopairote andPakDanielSuryadarma. Dr. Michael Woolcock, Professor included panel first the for is possibletodevelopwithinthosecommunities.Speakers the understandingwithinlocal communities and look atwhat and howonemightworkwithlocal experiences toimprove serves the peopleandexaminedissues of positivedeviance Sector” looked athowtoimprovesystem that of the quality the Knowledge aVibrant on “Creating panel first The SECTOR KNOWLEDGE AVIBRANT CREATING with respect toeducation.” of opportunity succeed withoutacommitmenttoequality Growth the Report which pointed outthat“growth strategiescannot from findings the highlighted Saich Anthony provision anddevelopmentofhumancapital,Professor market. Whenspeakingaboutthechallengesofeducational while meetingthedemands of a highly competitive labor absorb the increase of flow in people up the education ladder institutions.” From hisperspective,future challengesincludehowto flexible more and better develop to need the skilled workforce due to increase in globalisation, as well as emphasised the need to “develop a highlytrainedand Professor Saich fromAnthony theHarvard KennedySchool technological advancements. and other robotics intelligence, artificial by replaced being of workinwhichtraditionaljobsare fastdisappearingand Professors wasonhowtopreparepeople foraworld young One major concern which washighlightedtwicebyboth Professor JayRosengard Professor MaylingOey-Gardiner, Dr. VuQuocHuy, From lefttoright:Professor Tan SriDrGhauthJasmon, deliver whatournationsrequire.” future ofoureducationsystems and need to ensure they really and needtoensuretheyreally “All ofushave astake inthe Professor GraemeWilkinson, Vice-Chancellor, Sunway University

solutions. suppliers ofknowledgealongwithpotentiallong-term case study, Suryadamadiscussed themainconstraintsfacing from one countrytoanother. With Indonesia as the primary all solutionwhenitcomes to transferringacertainpolicy one-size-fits- no is there that and making policy sound for Suryadama sharedknowledge isnecessary quality high that Sector for Policy in Indonesia: A Look at theSupplySide.” University presentedAustralian National on“Knowledge Pak DanielSuryadarma of SMERU Research Instituteand private sector. contribute toamore vibrantknowledge sector, but also the only institutionssuchasschools and universitiesthatcan collaboration in ASEAN. She also highlighted thatitisnot individual, levels; institutional, community-cityengagement,andcross-border specific four on impacts economic and knowledge sectorcancirculate informationtocreate social Thailand. Leopairote’s presentation lookedathowthe the ASEAN region where shepresented casestudiesfrom paper on“Creating Vibrant KnowledgeSector,” lookingat Dr. KarndeeLeopairote from C-ASEAN presented her with theimmediateconsequences. problems canbeprioritisedbythepeoplewhohavetolive be partofthedecisionmakingprocess asaresult, allthe countries.” improvement ifcomparedmiddle income other upper with education sinceindependence,theretertiary isstillroom for access to secondary education, and its progression towards “Malaysia hasachievedremarkable improvements in disciplines. Rasiahcameto theconclusion that while STEM (science, technology, engineering andmathematics) other countriesbefore heconcluded with streaming into access and quality ofsecondary with education. Hethenproceededinto tertiary tocompare the in enrolment in secondary education and progression presentation withtheapproaches toeducation andchanges Education: The MalaysianExperience.”Rasiahbeganhis a local perspective on “Access and Quality of Secondary Professor RajahRasiahfrom UniversityofMalayaprovided Nikomborirak andProfessor LantPritchett. second panelwere Professor RajahRasiah,Dr. Deunden when itcomes to qualityofeducation.Speakersatthe quantity and quality between trade-off a thereis whether on education in Malaysia and Thailand as well as perspectives discussion of access and quality of primary andsecondary and Indonesian Scholar and Practitioner, brought about The second panel moderatedbyPakToenggoel Siagian EDUCATION SECONDARY AND PRIMARY IN QUALITY AND ACCESS BALANCING “We needadifferent way knowledge isandwhatit of thinkingaboutwhat World Bank, HarvardKennedySchool should bedoing.” Professor MichaelWoolcock,

35 ISSUE #3 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS 36 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS Dam BichThuy andMr. MokhamadMahdum. who presented onthistopicwere Dr. Connie K.Chung,Ms. byproduct of increased access of tertiary education. Speakers how tomanagethehighergraduate unemploymentrateasa as well as education higher access, high afford can countries how on specifically education, tertiary in quality and access Wilkinson shared his reflection on some challenges concerning Vice-Chancellor of SunwayUniversity, Professor Graeme quality.the education isofhigh that the Moderatedby the uptakeof tertiary education and at thesame time ensure The third panelexaminedthecriticalissue ofhowtooptimise EDUCATION TERTIARY IN QUALITY AND ACCESS BALANCING also thetop,inremainder ofhispresentation. issue not onlytothebottomeducationdistribution,but He proceedsthe importantimplicationsofthis to highlight expansion ofschoolinghasnotalwaysproduced learning. been remarkablyuniform across countriesoftheworld, expansion has expansion ofschooling,globally;andthat studies presentsissue ofwhilethere the massive hasbeen schooling and education and through statistics and case Quality of Tradeoff a There makes thedistinctionbetween and Quantity?”Pritchett Is Education: of “Quality of Development, Professortopic examined the LantPritchett From the Harvard Kennedy School and Center for Global the qualityofeducationwithoutaffectingaccess. factors alongwithsolutionstoThailand’sneedimprove presentedevaluation system,Nikomborirak resistance the Policy,of educationbasedonPISA quality scores andthe Having provided aperspectiveonThailand’s Education “Improving Educationand in Access andQuality Asia.” Research Institute (TDRI), presented on the topicof Dr. DeundenNikomborirakfromThailand Development the that themonitoringandappraisal those countryelitesareactually, getting bad education, butalso getting badeducation, low average the qualitymeans of qualityeducationmustbe Mathematics andReading and incredibly mediocreeducation “Efforts must betaken“Efforts toraise the quality of English, Science, the qualityofEnglish, made moreaccountablethan poor anddisadvantaged are Professor LantPritchett,HarvardKennedySchool “The problemisnotjustthat in global terms, havingan in globalterms, and CenterforGlobalDevelopment what isdonenow.” Professor RajahRasiah, University ofMalaya at best.” in establishinganinstitutionwithhighqualityeducation. then can they determine whether theyhave been successful University is hoping to see its first class in June 2018 and only liberal educationis something worth pursuing.Fulbright as wellconvincingparentswas acceptable inVietnam that which school of system governance a negotiating of years 12 was struggle the in Included professors. and staff students, freedom, autonomy withthecurriculum, with recruitment of university.quality Aspects mentionedincludedacademic certain prerequisites were metinorder toachievehigh which came out of her talk included the necessity of ensuring themes Main established. be to institution profit Vietnamese for not private, independent, first the become to University Fulbright get to year-longstruggle 23 the of story sharedthe From Fulbright UniversityVietnam, Ms. Dam Bich Thuy resilience. knowledge, butmore importantly, wisdom, character and access seeking is notjustabout life-long learning notion that the education, quality of definition and equityare criticalcomponents of qualityequationand the shift to need main themeswhichcameoutinthispresentation wasthe The studies. case in-depth 10 and 21CC teach that globally that practise 21CC as well as an analysis of 50+ organisations century. 21st the in Chung’s research also included the studyof 7 programmes need students skills what of topic the proposed inthecompendiumofresearch conductedon and analysingtheframeworks it againstthecompetencies involved looking atthecurriculum frameworks of six countries research her where findings cross-country share to proceeded a Chung education, century and 21st century,for framework 21st the of changes economic and political the qualityaspectoftopic. After presenting thesocial, Education discussed her research which focused mostly on Innovation InitiativeattheHarvard GraduateSchoolof First speaker, Dr. Connie K. Chungfrom the GlobalEducation Dr. Professor Chung, Graeme ConnieK. Wilkinson From lefttoright: Mr. DamBich Ms. Thuy, Mokhamad Mahdum, Dr. Chung ConnieK. outer, anddisadvantagedarea. to comefromstudents ought three segmentedareas: frontier, on Higher Education mandates that 20% of tertiary education 2012 in passed law Indonesian the said Mahdum education, to access greater providing to comes it significantly.” When it willdisadvantage thetransformationofeconomic sector provide adequatelevelofskill,knowledge,andexperience to mentionedthat“ifIndonesiafailsdesign,prepare and indicating thatitstillremains vibrant; however, he proceeded professional and competent workers in the privatesector is also mentionedthatthenumberofdemand of skillpool the needs of implementingnationaleducation.”Mahdum 20% of national budget should be used for education to meet According“At least toIndonesia’sNationalConstitution, TertiarythroughEducation inIndonesia,particularly LPDP.” Mahdum presented on“Balancing Access of and Quality scholarship providersbiggest is oneofthe inIndonesia. Fund for Education (LPDP), under the Ministry of Finance, Mr. Mokhamad Mahdum from the Indonesia Endowment proceeded to elaborateon a retreat forthefacultycentered faculty andstudent.Xiao as thedynamicshiftbetween well technology, as of use the with specifically information, also discussed the changesinhowstudentstodaygather can improve teachingaswellstudents’learning.Xiao while assessments emphasising how doingwellinlearningassessments oflearning perception and learning definitions at varied of issue specifically the addressed first speaker The assessments. looking Students,” Tomorrow’s “Preparing Future FacultytoTeach and Assess Today and and Sciences,Harvardpresented University hispaperon Professor Xiao Li-Mengfrom theGraduateSchool of Arts Nay Win OoandProfessor Anita Lie. education. SpeakersincludedProfessor XiaoLi-Meng,Dr. how toaddress the issueoflearningassessments in higher education system in Myanmar and Indonesia as well as progress made and goals to be achieved to improve the the discussed Asia Southeast on Institute Cheah Jeffrey the The fourth panel,moderated by Professor James Chin from QUALITY EDUCATION IMPROVING AND ASSESSING From left to right: Professor Xiao-Li Meng, Dr. Meng, From lefttoright: Professor NayWin Professor Xiao-Li Oo, Anita Lie,Professor JamesChin is where shesaysresearch andpolicies comein. on whatmakesgovernmentinvestinmass education, which three provinces in Indonesia. Lie concluded her presentation professional development project forin-service teachers in had doneonaformativeevaluationofcommunity-based school. Lieproceeded toshare astudyherandteam achieved by 2019, including school readiness prior to primary index. Lieshared Indonesia’s educational targets tobe reduced adultilliteracyandincreased humandevelopment improved remuneration, and certification teacher education, in primaryandsecondaryschools,higheraccesstobasic made in thesector, which included increased enrollment the IndonesianEducation System includingachievements Education QualityinIndonesia.” After providing insightson in Surabayapresented herpaperon“Assessing and Improving Professor Anita Lie from Widya Mandala Catholic University leadership positionsininstitutions. of technicalspecialists,managers,andthoseoccupying programmesinvestment intraining the tobuildcapacity as theestablishmentofaqualityassurance system and areas,of technicalandvocationaleducation,aswell quality for allchildren, includingthoselivinginremote andrural placement forpre-schoolhealthy andprimaryeducation reformsprovisioncoming yearsincludethe inthe ofquality, of their students, youth and adults. The government’s key meet the goalof life-long learningand career aspirations major transformation overthenextfewyearsinorder to recommendations fromCESR, Myanmarplanstoundergo the educationsystem.Basedon programme usedinMyanmar’s Education SetReview(CESR),anassessment-like education inMyanmar’s system. The speaker introduced the Comprehensive made being efforts and policies Commission provided a local perspective on the current Dr. NayWin Oofrom theMyanmarNationalEducationPolicy collaboration betweenschools, departments and individuals. evaluation forcurrent andfuture faculty, andencouraging best practices;identifyingareas oftraininginassessment and issues addressing such asassessment and evaluationtoolsmethods at aimed which 2013 May in conducted around thethemeof“Are mystudentsactuallylearning?”

37 ISSUE #3 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS 38 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS separate trajectories.” and meetingjobmarketdemandare movingalongin likewise ingovernment,”she says, “the trend of education treated is and society in function social a fulfills education Indonesian constitutionasarightofallcitizensandthus the country. While“educationhasanimportantplaceinthe statistics ontheeducationcompositionofworkforce in characteristics ofIndonesia’s education policesaswell and investingineducation,Oey-Gardiner provided dividend. demographic When itcame to thetopicofimproving humancapital of benefits the achieve to needed on thepopulationagestructure andthefourmechanisms expectancy atbirth,Oey-Gardiner discussed the impact mortality rate,andlife rate, infant fertility included total highlighting Indonesia’sdemographictransitionwhich population, education andsocialinvestment. After which provided a broader perspectiveontheIndonesian Demographic DividendEducationasSocialInvestment,” of Indonesiapresented on“RealizingtheIndonesian Professor Mayling Oey-Gardiner from theUniversity and trainingsystemstobettermeetthejobmarketdemand. incremental andpragmaticapproach toreform education reiteratedan need forastrategicvisioncombinedwith the Lastly,adequate capacityinvestmentinfacultytraining. Huy information barriers inrural and remote areas and provide concluded with practicalrecommendations such asaddress a disconnected skill development system. The presentation skills gapversusoccupationalshortage,skilland shared statistics on shared unemployment by level of training, mainly revolvingaround also skillsdevelopment.Huy providing insightsonkeyissuesinVietnam’s jobmarket the Vietnamese Tertiary Education Sector.” Huybeganby Sciences on “Meeting JobMarketDemand: Challenges for Dr. Vu Quoc Huy from the Vietnamese Academy of Social on thistopic. Gardiner andProfessor TanJasmon presented SriDrGhauth market demand. Dr. Vu QuocHuy, Professor Mayling Oey- the discussed enhances skillsandknowledgeofstudentsrelevant tojob which session panel challenge ofensuringeducationandrelevant training fifth the moderated Professor JayRosengard from Harvard KennedySchool DEMAND JOBMARKET MEETING Professor MaylingOey-Gardiner the nation. and theeconomic andsocialconsequencesitwillhaveon the concluded presentationuniversities OPEX cutsinpublic the with Jasmon report. MIER the in findings the to optimistic economic performance outlook for 2017, according by theglobaleconomicslowdown resulting inalessthan however,situation; economic affected was nation the 2016 in vibrant a experienced country the where 2014, in Malaysia then proceeded to discuss the variedeconomic situation in the and 2020 statistics depictingMalaysia’s key economic sectors. He by nation high-income Malaysian EducationBlueprint,afterwhichheshared a being of vision began his presentation byintroducing the government’s Demand: TheCurrentJob Market MalaysianScenario,” Professor Tan SriDrGhauthJasmonpresented on“Meeting people capabilitiesandskills. education, andfurtherinvestmentinpeopleimproving based shift toanoutcomebasededucation,insteadofinput shortages thereby emphasising the needforaparadigm soft skillstocompaniesandtheimplicationsoftheseskill skills, combinedwithstatisticsshowingtheimportanceof research, based evidence Brodjonegoro demonstratedthemajorskillslackingare soft Through intelligence. artificial manual and non-routine manualtaskswillbereplaced by for thefuture employees,asroutine cognitive,routine non-routine analyticandnon-routine interactivetask finding key of astudyconductedlastyear, showedanincrease in A intensive. capital human and innovation to driven frombeing naturalresources andabundantlabor the shiftofbasiseconomy context; explaining between educationanddevelopmentintheIndonesian from the Bandung InstituteofTechnology explored therelationship Brodjonegoro Satryo Professor speaker, first The Chen ZhaoandProfessor Woo Wing Thye. this panelincludedProfessor SatryoBrodjonegoro, Professor involved as well as stage of development. The speakers for counties of the education tradition varies intermsofthe relationship betweeneducationanddevelopmentwhich who introducedcomplicated the mentioning by panel the by wasmoderated Professor Dwight Perkinsfrom theHarvard KennySchool, the forum of panel final and sixth The DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION BETWEEN RELATIONSHIP THE UNDERSTANDING Zhao, ProfessorZhao, Satryo Brodjonegoro, Professor DwightPerkins From lefttoright:Professor Woo Wing Thye, Professor Chen

workers’ children to also better meetthejob market demand. the localtechnicalandvocationalschools to absorbmigrant more fiscal support of education in rural areas and encourage concluded withpolicyrecommendations whichincluded rural andurbanareas inrelation toaccess to educationand also discussed the policyissues and consequences in boththe regardlessmentioned. Zhao ofthetwoformsinequality regions, emphasising that education is very important levels and quality of education provided in rural and urban educational different of result a as gap inequality household Zhao highlighted theurban-rural inequalityand urban specifically looking at educationandinequality. Through hisempiricalstudies, China in development and education Professor ChenZhaofrom FudanUniversitydiscussed From lefttoright: Professor Michael Woolcock, Dr. Karndee Leopairote, Pak DanielSuryadarma,Professor Leong ChoonHeng as a lunch reception. as alunchreception. aswellWing Asia, Thye InstituteonSoutheast oftheJeffreyCheah Jay Rosengard fromHarvard Kenney SchoolandProfessorWoo Asia PublicPolicy Forum concludedwithremarksfromProfessor the2017After adayandhalfofpresentationsdiscussions, CONCLUSION favour thepublicuniversitiesinawarding research grants. education sector, and hence the government should not and public universities is key tobuildingaworld-class by pointingoutthatcompetitionbetweenprivateuniversities of stage economic development,andacross countries.Heconcluded each at different is learning support to policies of in education.Headdedthattheappropriatequality package recommended approacha packet toincrease accessand approachagainst asilverbullet toimproving educationand leads tolowerIQandhenceprevents learning.Hecautioned formation forexample,malnutritioninchildhood years Institute Cheah Jeffrey the emphasised the importanceofgoodhealthtohumancapital of Thye Wing Woo Professor

39 ISSUE #3 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS 40 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS Financial services. Financial Service Authority and Commercial Banks and Ministry of National DevelopmentPlanning,Indonesian the MinistryofFinance, IndonesianCentralBank,the the economy, banking and finance. The Commission oversees 2014until 2019. where he currently sits on the Commission on is amemberoftheIndonesianHouseRepresentatives from Transportfor Department Erizal Jon Hon. 2013. to from2010 PreventionCrime the fromat Minister was and 2014, to 2013 for responsible Office, Home the at State of Minister was He 2015. to from1997 Sussex East in Lewes for (MP) Parliament of member a been had Baker Norman Hon. Rt 2013. to 2012 from Parliament 43rd the during Representatives of House the of Speaker the as served she where 2016, until 1998 from The Hon. Anna Burke waselectedtothe Australian Parliament Finance CommissionandadvisortotheIndianParliament. Hon. JonErizal, a member of the Indonesian Parliamentary parliament (MP)from the UnitedKingdom (UK) andthe Right Hon.(RT)the NormanBaker, aformermemberof Burke, a former Speaker of the Australian Parliament, experts. Speakersincluded the Hon. tank and think Anna community as well as panel of Malaysian parliamentarians and presentations andanalysisbyaninternational democracy, included of parliamentary models different on 2016 12th August at SunwayUniversityaimed to enlightened participants on in held event The (JCF). Foundation Parliamentary Institute Cheah Jeffrey the by possible of made Cheah (MEA),was Association Jeffrey “Effectiveness the (JCI) incollaborationwiththeMalaysianEconomic the by organised on Committees” Forum The Dato Latifah MericanCheong FOR THE MALAYSIANFOR THE ECONOMICASSOCIATION CHEONG MERICAN LATIFAH PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES EFFECTIVENESS OF

fetv i ipeetn srne lgsain a well as as oversight ofthepublicsector, particularlyinterms legislations stronger implementing in effective long functionedindeveloped countries and have proven the economyandcountry. Parliamentarycommittees have MP’s performance, was said to lead to better governance of of the efficiency encouraging in committees parliamentary discussed. The two-hoursession brought outthevaluesof of the effectiveness of parliamentary committees were parliamentarians from abroad, variousperspectives policy makers,educationists,civilsocietyand In thisuniqueexchangebetweenMalaysianeconomists, policy implementation-overtheExecutivemore effectively. supervision offederalagencies,programmes, activities and exercise itsoversight-whichisthereview, monitoring, and committees asamechanismforparliamentto parliamentary the economicgovernanceserieswithapublicforum on as wellcivilservice sector. Accordingly, andinstitutions, theMEA began agencies ministries, sector public to effect must beginatthetop.This will leadtoawidecascade the highestpublicinstitution,MalaysianParliament, institutions. As inthecorporatesector, goodgovernancein need for governance to prevail inallMalaysian public sector critical the to attention draw to intended are 2015 in be started It must Hence, publicdialogsoneconomicgovernancewhichMEA sufficient. not are supported by strong governance to implement these policies. alone policies economic and consistentmacro-economic policies.However, good fundamentals whichare theresult ofdecades of balanced The MEA recognises that Malaysiahasgoodeconomic

reports aswellupdatesreceived byofficials. conduct on-sight visits to betterunderstand and validate regard, both Indonesia and UK parliamentary committees processesinspects thebudgetary and expenditure. Inthis In Indonesia in particular, theFinanceCommittee closely bodies aswellprivatesectorsproviding publicservices. to alsoexamineotherpublic government departments sector in Australia, thePAC reach has beenextendedbeyond broadeningthe spending. Given of public public ofthe effectiveness and efficiency performance, economic of terms The PAC scrutinises thevalueformoneywhichisachieved in (PAC), government agencies. Committee Accounts the Public legislations andoversightcommitteesonimportant as such finance and others. Generally, permanentcommittees include change climate finance, as such areas on issues cross-cutting shadow every departmentofthegovernment,withsome In boththeUK and Australia, parliamentary committees with publicservants,mediaandotherrelevant personnel. departments theyoversee,conductingenquirymeetings the Executiveincheckthrough regular updatesfrom the overseeing governmentdepartmentshavebeenabletokeep House ofRepresentatives ortheSenate.Regularcommittees Committees are ofvarioustypesandmayemanatefrom the its implementation. “political pointscoring”,resultinglegislation and inbetter mechanism for greater public scrutiny of bills,andavoid implications ofthelegislations.Thecommitteesprovide a MPs to have substantial more time to consider the various allows and officials, by submitted results assessment impact thoroughly, andiswhere expertsare calledtovalidatethe Parliamentary committeesenablelegislationstobedebated India, IndonesiaandKorea. also in more recently establisheddemocracies of such that of democracy establishedalongtimeago,but of parliamentary model the Westminster in effective only not are committees of accountability and ethical practices. Parliamentary parliamentary committees has beenaneffective principle observed in accountability inthe management ofthe tool inencouraging “The transparency public sector.” Latifah MericanCheong

democratic governance,transparency andaccountability. committees are testedtotruly implementthe conceptof responsibilities. Parliamentarycommittees and selected adopted byparliamentintheconductofitsfunctionsand and can be ensured through processes and procedures wanting tohavebettergovernments.Integrityisimportant dependent onthepoliticalwillofparliamentarians in in Overall, success ofparliamentarycommitteesisalso effectively perform MPs making to parliamentary committees. key is support other professionalprofessionalof the The quality expertise. able toadequatelysupportcommitteeswithresearch and that parliamenthasitsownadministrativearmand is research oninvestigationsbycommittees. It isessential cadre of professionals able toadvise MPs and to undertake to independentfundingbyparliamentbuilditsown press whichisabletoreport diverseviews,andaccess This includes the freedom of access to information, a free also highly dependentonseveralconditions being met. emphasised that success of parliamentary committees is Both RT. Hon.NormanBakerand Anna Burke to actintheinterest ofthecountry. committees in encouragingMPs from all component parties interest. Thishasbeenthegreatest valueofparliamentary are more consensual,basedonwhatisoptimalfornational evidence are provided by officials and experts, MPs decisions discussions of anyissue. However, as more informationand is was that committees may take thepartylineduringearly An importantrevelation sharedthe three by MPsattheforum effective more create to transparency parliamentary committees. of comings short Indonesia and India, action is being takento address the for parliamentary tomake the appropriate decisions. In is alsoavailableforpublicscrutiny, toParliament creatingpressure submitted reports Investigative effective. be in encouraging tool also averyimportanttoolforparliamentarycommittees to effective an sector.public of the management in the accountability Itis been has committees The transparency principleobservedinparliamentary due totheworkofselectedparliamentarycommittees. effective been has governments in corruption of addressing extra cautionplacedonselectingmemberswithintegrity. The committee. InthecaseofIndonesia,duetopastcircumstances, are alsoprevented from havinganyinfluenceon of parliamentary committees.Similarly, workings governmentofficials the influence cannot whips” “party ensure to principles. Procedures on chairmanship selection isdesigned governance good reflecting party, Opposition the to given chairmanship of criticalcommittees such as the PAC is usually parties basedonrepresentation inparliament,however proportionately betweentheruling andtheopposition by allparties.Chairmanshipofcommitteesisdivided transparent process of nominations to committees observed committees are basedonexpertiseandsenioritythrough a party composition, and selectionofmembers to various reflects committees of Membership sub-committees. appoint also can Committees roles. their in effective be to able be to plethora of committees. A rightbalanceis needed for MPs In somecountrieshowever, MPscanbeburdened witha

41 ISSUE #3 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS 42 JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS Jeffrey Cheah Travel Grants. level becauseofthe next outcomes, tothe labor market the of children’s diet, Cancer Biology, and social network and their research ofthestudyself-control andself-regulation experts. Thesecandidateswere abletousetheirgranttake received invaluableconstructive feedbackfrom Harvard University, andPamudiBanjitha Senadheerage Abeynayake in his field of study and learned of cutting edge projects at the Dr. experts Jeff with engage to grant the used Onn Kuan Tan University’s bestcollectionofresources. Associate Professor experts onherstudyandgainedaccesstosomeofHarvardby Doctoral candidate Jesslyn Leong Yoke Kiau received views institution’s establishmentin2014. isthe this Grants, Travel thirdplace sincethe academicexchangewhichhastaken Cheah Jeffrey the by provided of the Harvard University inthe United States. Generously staff and scholars, academics, between exchange academic for further University Malaysiaearnedtheopportunity Three doctoralstudentsfrom SunwayandMonash W. (Andrew Border HarvardBurma-China Ong, University). and MakeIsolationinWa Connection andBreak: Regiononthe Special Folic Acid RiceFortification Harvard inVietnam Michels, University), (Karin B. Based onWalking Patterns (Juan CarlosQuirozAguilera,Sunway University), Malaysia (JamesSunway Chin, University), PredictingtheEmotionofaUser Education Systems(ThanLee Lee, SunwayTheChineseCommunityin TES), awardedprojects were: Higher EducationReforms andPerformance ofMalaysia InstituteawardedThe JeffreyCheah tentravel grantsin2016. Amongthe THE JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS CHEAH JEFFREY THE information isavailableontheJCIwebsite,www.jci.edu.my. Institute Cheah Jeffrey (JCI) andapplicationsare invitedtwiceayear. Further the by coordinated is programme Malaysia) andHarvard University. TheTravel Grants (Sunway UniversityandSunwayCollege,Monash institutions Group Education Sunway at staff and students Southeast Asia and theUnited States,thisgrantis eligible to Designed tofurtheracademic exchanges betweenMalaysia/ of Nature. intellectuals ontheIslamic Sciences Asian Southeast contemporary on with scholarsabouthisresearch andinterviewed fieldwork her complete Peranakan culture, while Mr. Munjed M. Murad engaged to grant the From Harvard, Ms.RebeccaB.ChoongWilkins used

she learned that “self-confidence was pertinent for both pertinent was presentation andquestion answersection.” “self-confidence that learned she University, where the at PhD year final a of session defense presented ofattending a dissertation withtheopportunity area betweenSunwayandHarvard University. Leongwas be leadtocollaborationinthe mutuallyinterested research of theseacademicexchanges,onewhichLeonghopeswill is alargefood choices. Networking make better component healthy diet,guidelinesonthefoodpyramid,andways to able togainperspectives from the expertson theories about her toappreciate theHarvard teachingprinciple. Leongwas with interactiveand practical exercises,” she said, leading “Harvardtheoreticalmethod integrates teaching insights extensive andvariedcollectionofresources. and the access given ofHarvard Universitylibrariesandits level throughnext to the views givenon her study theexpert said. Thegrantreceivedher research assisted herinbringing and gainwisdom from thisworldprestigious university,” she at Harvard… Iwasexcitedandeagertoattainknowledge student, “IhadneverimaginedIcouldpossiblyplacemyfeet and self-regulation oftheirchildren’s diet.” As adoctoral Ms. Jesslyn Leong’s research focuses on “Parent’s self-control of Children’s Diet Parent’s Self-Control andSelf-Regulation Sunway University Ms. JesslynLeongYoke Kiau, PhD candidate, Ms. JesslynLeongMs. Yoke Kiauinfront oftheJohnHarvard statueatHarvard University confident.” milestone viva voce, I definitely would be more inspired and final the towards ahead journey Withresearchmy work. the with theprominent researchersof and enhancedthequality exposure inmydoctoratejourney, broadened the network the experiencewas. “This Harvard trip has enriched my describing howelevating Leong concludes herjourneyby over100 in materials languages collectedworldwide. research major and continents five humanities andsocialsciencesresearch collectionspanning States andhasoneoftheworld’s most comprehensive oldest andlargest universitylibrarysystemintheUnited Elkins Widenerwork.” TheHarry is the MemorialLibrary articles anddissertations that are relevant tomyresearch computer workstationintheWidener Librarytosearch the “I spent enormous hours in Atkins Reference Room’s themselves in oneof the world’s most prestigious libraries. is no in betweenmeetingHarvard’s bestmindstoimmerse it fingertips, their at wonder thatourgrantrecipients wouldutilisetheirtime information of wealth a With

43 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS 44 JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS including apoptotic stimuli,forcancer treatment in microenvironment, tumor modified that agents and virus, oncolytic “using is it describes Jeff Tan Dr as example such treatment anti-cancer research labs at theMassachusetts GeneralHospital.One potential into strategies, researchers have conducted investigations in findings research Toanti-cancer therapeutics.” development ofbetter translate important areas of research which he says “might lead to research.Dr. the treatment of Jeff cancer learnt pediatric Tan as Dana-Farber Cancer Institute -a world leader in adultand such institutions, medical affiliated its as well as University researchers aspre-clinical studies,”conductedatHarvard projects and whathesays, “may beconsidered bysome Dr. Jeff Tan also gained exposure to the cutting edge research Cell Death).” mechanism orbetterknownas Apoptosis (Programmed to activatecancer cells to undergo a physiological suicide virusand oncolytic therapy including gene used can be that strategies, different “Weinvestigating arestudy,said, his he describe to him I asked When institutions. affiliated its and Cancer CellBiologyatHarvardinvestigating University through research discussion and meetingwith experts todevelop mechanisms understanding oncancercellsignaling better grant the used Tan Jeff Dr. Professor Associate Genes toEliminateCancerandDrug-ResistantCells ofPro-apoptotic Delivery Gene TherapyThrough Virus-Mediated Associate Professor, SunwayUniversity A/Prof Dr. JeffTan Kuan Onn, Associate Professor Dr. JeffTan CancerInstitute Kuan OnnattheDana-Farber

investigators from institutions affiliated with Harvard with affiliated Medical School.” institutions from investigators and toexplore research collaboration withseniorresearch opportunity tolearnfrom experts inCancerBiologyresearch Sunway University. “Thetravelgranthasprovided methe an Associate Professor and Head of Cancer Biology Lab at University ofSouthernQueensland, Australia, iscurrently University intheUnited States, andaMBA degree from the Tan whohasaPhDDegree inBiochemistryfrom IowaState JeffDr. universities. prestigious most world’s the of one as education inscienceandtechnology, andiscommonlycited Institute ofTechnology (MIT),knownforitsresearch and seminar presented byaProfessor from Massachusetts also attendedresearchbut seminars, includingresearch University, Harvard at researchers met only not Dr.Jeff Tan treatment strategiesforcancer.” fundamental orbasic research…is pivotal todevelopment of “the experiencehasfurtherreinforcedthat mythinking When askedwhattheexperiencehadgivenhim,heresponded treatment. acase describes also stem cellsforcancer of therapeutic involving theexploration Tan Jeff Dr. models.” experimental University,stories from sharing childhood. “TheFoo their two unclesof a prominent Peranakan scholaratSunway Through this academic exchange, Wilkins interviewed to theepic(isPeranakanculture ontheverge ofextinction?).” conversations rangedfrom theesoteric(Peranakanhairpins) of laterbecomingcitizensin thesenewnationstates.Our on both focused the experiencesofgrowing fieldwork upinPeranakanfamiliesand “My Asia. Southeast in states community who experienced the formation of nation Wilkins interviewed elders in thePeranakanChinese Chinese communities.” part ofthis,IbegananethnographicstudyonPeranakan interested intheChinesecommunities of Southeast Asia. As both withinandbeyondmainlandChina.Inparticular, I’m I lookatthemultiplelanguagesandChineseidentities onPeranakan communities,” she says. “My research is in Sinophone studies. identity national of influence the “untangle fieldwork her complete to on contemporaryPeranakanculture where heraimwasto grant travel the used Wilkins as a journalist and financial analyst in London and Shanghai. with aFirst-classdegree inEnglishliterature, Wilkins worked academic exchange. After graduatingfrom Oxford University received the opportunitytovisitMalaysia as part ofthe Ms. Rebecca B. Choong Wilkins from Harvard University Nation States in Contemporary PeranakanCulture Nation StatesinContemporary Against Hybridity: University Harvard Ms. RebeccaB.ChoongWilkinsFrankKnoxFellow, Ms. Rebecca B. ChoongWilkins RebeccaB. Ms. of East Asia. of intheRegionalStudies wherea Master’s she iscompleting Wilkins isaFrankKnoxFellow atHarvard University cultures.” an but cultures, of combination important reminder of Peranakan engagementwith colonial ‘hybrid’ a not was Here voile, printed with a design of delicate English cornflowers… her grandmother, Lilyhas also preserved dresses ofIndian Alongside the gold-embroidered weddingslippersmadeby over the years has inherited a trove of Peranakan treasures. , Ivisited,Lily Yewtailor who aPeranakan fascinating insightsonsartorialPeranakantraditions.“In Separately, shevisitedaPeranakantailorwhoprovided her identity, butalsofamilies.” and Singapore as nation statesnotonlydislocated Peranakan fascinating opportunitytoseehowthefoundingofMalaysia sell Peranakanpuddings,”shesaid.“Theinterviewswere a day theirmothersentthemouttonewneighbours of their family in KualaLumpur. In order to survive, every brothersalmost twoyearsthe were separatedfromrest the their motherinPenangwhere theywere visitingfamily, for up inMalayaduringtheJapaneseinvasion.Strandedwith their lives, recounted vivid, entertaining stories of growing brothers, thoughsomewhatbemusedbymyinterest in

45 ISSUE #3 JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS 46 JEFFREY CHEAH TRAVEL GRANTS currently pursuingher PhDatMonashUniversity. thereworking after forayear, returned toMalaysiaandis Malaysia, went back toherhome country SriLankaand and International Business at Monash University the wayforward,” shesaid. Senadheerage, whostudied on the other hand I was seeing all these possibilities of one hand, Ireceivedthe “On reassurancemy research; about Department. read theseswrittenbyprevious studentsintheEconomics with theviewoverlookingHarvard Yard. Senadheeragealso newspapers andreference titlescombinedwith workspaces periodicals, serials, books, including volumes, 200,000 over of the libraries.”The Lamont Library for instance, holds the two weeks I was there, I had access to the data bases was like, what kinds of resources students have and for to seehowtheinfrastructuregood experiencebecauseIgot before, not tomentionHarvard University said, “it was a Senadheerage, whohadneverbeentotheUnitedStates in yourwork,todiscusswork,”shesaid. “It’s noteverydayyougetachancetomeetpeoplecite research. All of which she says helped rebuild her confidence. as recommendations for additionalreadings toimprove her perspectives onthecurrent results shehadobtained,aswell and research her providingdifferentto analysis, existing improvethe to ways tune find to how from ranging feedback her study, allofwhomprovided herwithconstructive discussing field the in experts with had she time one-on-one market outcomes.Senadheeragealsotookadvantageofthe was focussedonjobreferralslabour anditsimpactonthe a modeldiscussed explaining in herownstudieswhich unit onlaboureconomics research andfoundthelecturer Prior tomeetingwithHarvard academics, she attended a had beeninthatresearch area foralongtime. related research andreceive insightsfrom researchers who her tomeetwithresearchers whowere studyingmigration allowed grant The outcomes.” market labor the difference in contacts and people they know to help them find jobs makes a from rural areas are movingtourbanareas andhowhaving described asathree-part studyfocusingon“howpeople conduct furtherresearch onthesecondpartofwhatshe Ms. Pamudi Senadheerage was given theopportunityto the RoleofSocialNetworks Internal Migrantsand Economic OutcomesofIndonesian Malaysia PhD candidate,MonashUniversity Senadheerage, Ms. PamudiBanjithaAbeynayake in front oftheLamont Library atHarvard University PamudiMs. BanjithaAbeynayake Senadheerage his DoctorateofTheologyatthe Harvard DivinitySchool. foundations this past summer.” Murad is currently pursuing depth andbreadth ofthisresearch afterhaving laidsome the both as soonpossible,“withaneyeonfurthering University describedhispersonalintenttoreturn assoon and MasterofEnvironmental Managementfrom Yale from theGeorge Washington UniversitySchool ofBusiness Administration (BBA) in Finance,InternationalBusiness he said.Murad,who obtainedhisBachelorofBusiness it,” source outsideoftexts,andmyworkisnotthesameafter primary a engage to opportunity an was “It significant. and the insightshereceived, Murad described it asprofound When itcame to discussing his research with ascholar and gave atalkonIslamicMetaphysicsandtheBookofNature . a class on Islamic StudiesatSunwayUniversitywhere he Indonesia and Malaysia.Muradwasalsoaguestlecturer for interviews withscholars of Islamic studies from both of metaphysics in the Islamic context led him to conducting Aside fromclasses inIndonesia,Murad’s study attending Travel Grantfacilitatedthisresearch project. study,my of areexpositors few.”which of JeffreyThe Cheah research atHarvard neededaninformedviewonthesubject more inthenatural world thanjustitsmateriality. Finally, my could significant aid contemporaryphilosophicalinitiativestosee potentially metaphysically and physically as nature Moreover, Ihadastronga nuancedaddress sensethat of that hasbeenrarely studied,namelyIslamic metaphysics. “It was my hope torecord teachings of masters of a science Southeast Asian intellectuals ontheIslamic Sciences of Nature. An Islamic Epistemology ofNature, where heinterviewed and Indonesia to conduct further research onthetopicof continued toSoutheast Asia where hetravelledto Malaysia Mr. MunjedMurad’sresearch beganatHarvard and Sciences ofNature Asian IntellectualsontheIslamic Southeastof Nature:Interviewing Unveiling anIslamicEpistemology University PhD candidate,Harvard Mr. MunjedM.Murad, Mr. Murad MunjedM. University, Singapore. Nanyang Technological of InternationalStudies, the S.RajaratnamSchool International Politicsat of Comparativeand Liow, DeanandProfessor Speaker: ProfessorJoseph Islamic The Malaysian PublicIntellectual Speaker: Mr. SyedAkbarAli Foreign Affairs Department oftheMinistry Treaties and InternationalLaw Director-General attheResearch, Speaker: Dato’ NoorFaridaAriffin, Discover more videosatwww.youtube.com/JeffreyInst POPULAR VIDEOS OUR TOPTENMOST Joseph Liow with Prof conversation A Southeast Asia: State (IS)in of theIslamicCountries of Doom-theCollapse Malaysia andTheClub Malaysia Agenda forabetter Extremism: TheG25 Standing Tall Against , Dato’ SaiffudinAbdullah Farouk Musa,and Hassan Speakers: Dato’ Vaseehar Dilemmas The , Dr. Ahmad and Economic Affairs, Malaysia for Democracy Founder andPresident oftheInstitute Al-‘Abidin IbniTuanku Muhriz Speaker: YAM Tunku Zain  Leadership Political of Malay Tangau andYBDarellLeiking Speakers: YBDatukMadius Ibni Tuanku Muhriz YAM Tunku Zain Al-‘Abidin in EastandSoutheastAsia and DomesticFaultLines Managing theInternational Report 17Dec2014 JCI: SabahRCI Noor) (Badrol HishamAhmad- Dr FarishAhmad-Noor Speaker: Assoc.Prof. Politics P1 in Indonesia and CannotDo What HeCan Administration: The Jokowi ,

MP forKlang, Malaysia Malaysia andCharlesSantiago, Jusoh, UniversitiKebangsaan Speakers: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Sufian Malaysia) (International IslamicUniversity Speaker: Dr. MaszleeMalik

Young-Kwan Wing ThyeandProfYoon Dwight Perkins,ProfWoo Wang Gungwu,Prof Speakers: Prof.Emeritus (TPP) Pacific Partnership Malaysia andTheTrans (IS) andMalaysia The IslamicState 2016 (Panel2) East Asiain

47 ISSUE #3 JCI VIDEOS JEFFREY CHEAH INSTITUTE ON SOUTHEAST ASIA In August 2013, The Jeffrey Cheah Foundation and Harvard University signed agreements to establish at Harvard, two Jeffrey Professorships of Southeast Asia Studies (SEA) and the Jeffrey Cheah Travel Grants following a gift of USD6.2 million by the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation (JCF), the largest social enterprise in Malaysia.

In conjunction with the gift, the Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia (JCI) was established in early 2014. The JCI will act as a catalyst in promoting Southeast Asian studies and as an attractive hub to develop and upgrade academic standards of teaching and research in the Sunway Education institutions and in the region.

JEFFREY SACHS CENTER The Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development was established through a substantial gift from the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network to support the global effort to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2015. The Center will be housed at Sunway University in Kuala Lumpur. Its vision is for sustainable development practices to be embedded in everyday life, and mission to promote green development and social programs through research and education. ABOUT THE JEFFREY CHEAH INSTITUTE ON SOUTHEAST ASIA ABOUT THE JEFFREY CHEAH INSTITUTE ON SOUTHEAST ASIA

JEFFREY CHEAH FOUNDATION The Jeffrey Cheah Foundation is the first-of-its-kind in Malaysia within the field of private higher education, modelled along the lines of one of the oldest and most eminent universities in the world, Harvard University. The ownership and equity rights of the Sunway Education Group’s learning institutions, namely, Sunway University, Monash University Malaysia (jointly owned with Monash University Australia), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Sunway TES and Sunway International School and others, have officially and legally been transferred to the Foundation, valued at more than RM720million.

Governed by a distinguished Board of Trustees, the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation have to-date disbursed more than RM270 million in Scholarships to thousands of deserving students.

The Jeffrey Cheah Foundation was launched on 18 March, 2010 by the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak, in the presence of its Royal Patron, H.R.H. The Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj. For more information on Jeffrey Cheah Foundation, http://jeffrey.foundation.

PRESIDENT DIRECTOR, GOVERNANCE CONTACT US PROFESSOR WOO WING THYE STUDIES PROGRAMME Email: [email protected] PROFESSOR JAMES CHIN

Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT’S DIRECTOR, ECONOMIC Sunway University OFFICE STUDIES PROGRAMME KAREN CHAND PROFESSOR YEAH KIM LENG No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, [email protected] 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, SENIOR FELLOW Malaysia DIRECTOR, EDUCATION PROFESSOR TAN SRI Tel: (603) 7491 8622 AND SOCIAL DR GHAUTH JASMON PROGRESS PROGRAMME MR. MARK LEE KIAN MENG PROFESSOR LEONG CHOON HENG DR OOI KEE BENG

For inquiries please contact JEFFREY SACHS CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR [email protected] PROFESSOR WOO WING THYE PROFESSOR LEONG www.jci.edu.my Email: [email protected] CHOON HENG facebook.com/jci.seasia SECRETARIAT LEE CHOOI YEE youtube.com/user/jeffreyinst Tel: (603) 7491 8622 Email: [email protected] 48