Greetings from the chair

I am very pleased to share Martin C. Jischke Professor in Aerospace Engineering in August this report on the exciting 2005. Roger Hanson, who earned his BS in 1954 and PhD in accomplishments in the 1958 from Iowa State, endowed the professorship in honor of Department of Aerospace former Iowa State President Martin C. Jischke. Engineering at Iowa State University over the last We also have two other extremely capable young faculty two years. We continue to members to introduce. Stephen Holland, who earned build on our rich history in his PhD at Cornell University and has set up a lab to study aerospace engineering and vibrothermography in the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, engineering mechanics and joined the department in July 2006; and Soon-Jo Chung, strive to reach new levels of a 2007 MIT graduate, arrived in summer 2007. His research achievement. interests include formation flight spacecraft and network control and synchronization. Also, Hui Hu, who joined us in 2004, Our world-class faculty members conduct research in eight received the prestigious NSF Career Award in January 2007. major areas unified under the theme of engineering for harsh environments. The common goal is to increase the Though we are delighted to have had some outstanding new performance, durability, and life of engineering systems. Our faculty members join us, we also had to bid farewell to some major research areas are highlighted in this report. pillars in the department who retired––Professors Bion Pierson, John Tannehill, and Yu-Min Tsai. Our department U.S. News and World Report ranks our comprehensive graduate is extremely grateful to these faculty members for their dedicated and undergraduate programs among the top 25 in the country. service and strong contributions to the department. Our graduate students in both aerospace engineering and engineering mechanics are actively involved in our eight major Our alumni continue to bring great honor to Iowa State research areas. University. This summer, Clay Anderson, who earned his MS in 1983, began his mission on board the International Space We have more than 400 students in our undergraduate program. Station. He is the first Iowa State alum to become a NASA In addition to classroom and laboratory activities, they learn astronaut. In 2004, we unveiled our Hall of Distinguished through a wide range of extracurricular pursuits. Some are hired Alumni to pay tribute to those who have become eminent as undergraduate research assistants, working on such things as leaders in the aerospace field. Our display, which now features an aircraft icing project or investigating how materials behave 14 distinguished alumni, reads like a Who’s Who of the at the nanoscale level. Some join AirISU, a student club that is aerospace industry. The 2005 inductees are all highly respected designing and building a light sport airplane, and others work leaders in the aerospace industry and academia. The 2006 on special projects in the Spacecraft Systems Operations Lab. inductees have all contributed to the department’s international Seniors serve on a simulated industrial team completing a major reputation in computational fluid dynamics. aircraft or spacecraft design project for their capstone course. Our dedicated faculty, staff, and students, and our loyal alumni An endowed chair and an endowed professorship have have established the Department of Aerospace Engineering as helped us further strengthen our faculty expertise. In March a leader, and we look forward to continuing that tradition of 2007, Bong Wie was installed as the first Vance D. Coffman excellence in serving our state, our country, and our profession. Endowed Chair in Aerospace Engineering. Professor Wie is one of the world’s leading researchers on space vehicle dynamics If you have any questions about the department, please contact and control, solar sail flight control system development, me at [email protected]. and modeling and control of flexible space structures. The Lockheed Martin Corporation funded this chair in honor of former CEO Vance D. Coffman, a 1967 alumnus.

Paul Durbin, internationally recognized for his contributions Tom I-P. Shih in mathematical modeling of turbulence, was installed as the Professor and Chair

2 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Engineering for Extreme Environments News from the college 4 Computational Fluid Dynamics Nondestructive Evaluation Engineering minor 5 The Iowa State University College of Engineering now 7 Wind Engineering and Experimental Aerodynamics offers an engineering minor. Offered beginning in spring 2007, the minor is aimed at non-engineering students who Flight Dynamics, Guidance, and Control 8 want a better understanding and appreciation of technology 11 Mechanics of Micro/Nano Materials and the issues engineers address in the design process. 12 Rotorcraft/UAV/MAV Twenty-one credits are required, including 15 in engineering. Three engineering studies courses— 13 Turbine Science and Technology Engineering: From Thought to Thing (260); Survey of the Impacts of Engineering Activity (265); and How Things Advanced Flow Diagnostics and Experimental 14 Work (270)—will be offered as part of the minor. “We Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer are very excited about the classes we are offering,” reports Mani Mina, program director, “and we will add to them Bong Wie is first Coffman endowed chair Page 9 as more students learn about the program.” Durbin installed as the first Jischke professor Page 13 Interest in the minor is widespread with inquiries coming NSF CAREER Award winner Page 15 from students in business majors such as accounting, Student news Page 18 finance, and marketing, as well as political science, First Iowa State astronaut Page 20 meteorology, and music. Mina expects about 30 students to take classes in the minor next fall. Coffman awarded Anson Marston Medal Page 21 Distinguished alumni Page 22 The first students with the engineering minor will Distinguished speakers Page 24 graduate in spring 2008. Donors Page 27 Differential tuition With a goal of strengthening the quality and Undergraduate Enrollment competitiveness of programs in the College of Engineering, a differential tuition for junior- and senior-level 550 engineering students went into effect in fall 2006. The 500 515 higher cost of educating engineering students compared 450 445 434 to students in other majors was cited as a reason for 400 410 430 350 implementing the differential tuition. The number of 300 laboratory-intensive courses, small class sizes, and the 250 need to provide competitive compensation for world-class 200 engineering faculty contribute to the higher costs. 150 100 The differential tuition for 2006–2007 was $250 per 50 semester. When it is fully implemented in 2010, upper-

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 level engineering students will pay $875 more per semester for tuition than other Iowa State students. Research expenditures 2004–05: $9.8M; 2005–06: $9.9M; and 2006-07: $10.7M A top priority for the differential tuition revenue is to Publications reduce undergraduate student-faculty ratios. Presently 2004–05: 4 books, 4 book chapters, 34 journal articles, 56 conference/proceeding papers the Iowa State engineering college has a 23:1 student- 2005–06: 6 book chapters, 30 journal papers, 54 conference/proceeding papers continued on page 17 2006–07: 3 books, 3 book chapters, 47 journal papers, 83 conference/proceeding papers

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 3 Engineering for Harsh Environments Engineered systems in aerospace applications operate in extremely harsh environments. These include the high-temperature environment inside air-breathing and rocket engines and the intense heat generated by space vehicles during entry into planetary atmospheres.

The Department of Aerospace Engineering has developed eight major research areas—Nondestructive Evaluation, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Wind Engineering, Guidance and Control, Rotorcraft/UAV/MAV, Turbine Science and Technology, Micro/Nano Mechanics of Materials, and Advanced Flow Diagnostics and Experimental Aerodynamics—with the unifying theme of engineering for extreme environments. Whether our researchers are studying how to design structures that can endure high winds, build turbine engines that can withstand intense heat, or devise instrumentation that can survive sandy terrain, the goal is to increase the performance, durability, and life of engineering systems.

Each of the research areas cuts across disciplines. Aerospace engineering faculty collaborate with colleagues within the department as well as from across the College of Engineering and Iowa State University, including Ames Laboratory. The research areas are described in the following pages.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Aerospace Engineering: Z. J. Wang, Paul Durbin, Rich Hindman, Ambar Mitra, Ganesh Rajagopalan, Alric Rothmayer, Tom Shih, John Tannehill; Chemical Engineering: Rodney Fox, Jim Hill, Monica Lamm, Dennis Vigil; Civil Engineering: Roy Gu; Mechanical Engineering: Francine Battaglia, Song-Charng Kong, Richard Pletcher, Shankar Subramaniam; Mathematics: Hailiang Liu

he Department of Aerospace Engineering is internationally CFD focuses on a common theme of engineering for extreme Trecognized for its computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environments. Iowa State researchers, for example, are investigating research and educational program and has educated many of the areas such as aircraft icing, film and internal cooling of turbine most prominent CFD researchers. Five of these pioneers were blades, and multiphase spray combustion. Other active research inducted into the department’s Hall of Distinguished Alumni in areas include rotorcraft aerodynamics, hypersonics, mesh generation, 2006 (page 22). large eddy simulation, and high-order solution algorithms. The research is funded by a variety of agencies including NASA, the CFD has become an indispensable tool in engineering design. It is National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, and the used to numerically solve the system of partial differential equations Department of Energy, as well as by private industry. that govern fluid flow in order to simulate and predict the actual physical behavior of fluids in motion. Iowa State’s CFD research program began in the mid-1960s with a focus on developing new algorithms to solve the governing equations of fluid dynamics. In 1980, NASA selected Iowa State University’s College of Engineering as the site for one of seven CFD centers of excellence.

Over the last three decades, the development of high-speed computers and new algorithms for analysis has led to remarkable advances in CFD. Computations that would have taken computers of the 1970s years to complete now require only a few seconds. As a result, CFD has greatly reduced the need for expensive and time- consuming experimental analyses and model tests.

As the science of CFD has matured, Iowa State’s research has turned to developing algorithms and applying CFD to solve complex multidisciplinary, multiscale problems. The research in applied Computational mesh and contours of vorticity magnitude for a generic supersonic missile.

4 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Nondestructive evaluation Aerospace Engineering: R. Bruce Thompson, Dale Chimenti, Vinay Dayal, Steve Holland, Les Schmerr; CNDE: Lisa Brasche, Tim Gray, David Hsu, Ron Roberts

ondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies are used aircraft engine components (the cause of the Sioux City crash of Nextensively to ensure the safety and reliability of materials United 232 in 1989). This information will appear in a revised and structures used in aerospace vehicles and propulsion FAA advisory circular. systems. NDE technologies, such as ultrasonics or x-rays, allow engineers to assess the physical condition of a wing or CNDE also initiated several new research programs. In propeller, for example, without invasive action that could cooperation with a major European consortium, one project’s weaken the part. objective is to detect anomalies produced by inappropriate machining procedures. Another project will develop a novel NDE research first began at Iowa State University in 1980 when inspection technique to detect very small cracks generated by the U.S. Air Force funded a program to develop quantitative heat during vibration. NDE measurement methods to inspect aircraft. The Center for Nondestructive Evaluation (CNDE) was formed at Iowa State CNDE organizes the annual Review of Progress in Quantitative in 1984 as a National Science Foundation Industry/University Nondestructive Evaluation, the leading international research Cooperative Research Center. meeting in the field, and provides the permanent home of the World Federation of NDE Centers (WFNDEC), a cooperative Today, CNDE is an international leader in developing a new endeavor devoted to education, research, and technology transfer. generation of measurement techniques and computer-based engineering tools. While the aviation and space industries Visit www.cnde.iastate.edu for more information. have driven the development of these techniques and tools, the energy industry is increasingly using NDE to determine the integrity of critical structures such as nuclear waste storage tanks and pipelines. In addition, NDE tools are being used to assess manufacturing and agricultural machinery.

Throughout its history, CNDE has collaborated with the U.S. Air Force, Federal Aviation Association (FAA), and NASA as these agencies have worked to address major challenges faced by the aerospace industry.

In 2005, CNDE continued work on a $6.5-million contract from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research to research techniques for assessing the dependability and safety of military aircraft fleets as they age. The research involves improving NDE techniques to determine how much life remains in critical components, such as jet engines. In 2006, CNDE refined techniques to measure stress in engine components and streamlined procedures to assess the reliability of inspections based on computer simulations.

A NASA program is developing inspection technology for advanced materials and sensors that will be used to Vibrothermography is an NDE technique that uses high- continuously monitor the condition of future space vehicles and frequency sound to inspect for cracks. High-frequency take corrective action as needed. Researchers have improved sound causes the sample to vibrate. Here a laser is the techniques used to locate leaks in spacecraft and to assess scanning the internal motions of a vibrating bar. As the integrity of the sprayed on foam insulation (SOFI) used on space shuttle orbiters. It was a SOFI failure that led to the loss the surfaces of the cracks rub against each other, they of Columbia upon reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere in 2003. generate heat, which can be seen with an infrared camera.

Under FAA support, new curves were developed to quantify the probability of ultrasonically detecting hard-alpha inclusions in

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 5 AerE is perfect fit for Holland

ssistant Professor Stephen Holland exudes enthusiasm Holland’s diverse engineering background has contributed to Aas he talks about his research. And why not? He has built his research program. He has a BS in electrical engineering a brand new lab and is conducting innovative research focused and PhD in applied mechanics, both from Cornell University. on a challenging and valuable goal—ensuring the reliability of An interest in ultrasound research brought Holland to jet turbines. Ames in 2002 as a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation. There, he worked with AerE Holland focuses on turbine Professor Dale Chimenti on a project to detect leaks in components, particularly the blades. spacecraft. CNDE then hired him as a staff scientist in 2005, Operating in an environment where where he started the research program in vibrothermography. extremely hot gases—1,000 to 1,500 degrees Celsius—are constantly In July 2006, the AerE department appointed him as an flowing over them, the blades are assistant professor. Although aerospace engineering is a new under tremendous stress. A small field for him, Holland describes it as a perfect fit. “Aerospace imperfection such as a crack could engineering is really an application of every other engineering lead to disaster. “If a blade breaks off, field,” he explains. “I am using tools and techniques I then it can damage the blades behind it and basically destroy gained from the other engineering areas to tackle some very an engine,” Holland explains. challenging problems.”

He is working on a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique Holland’s enthusiasm for solving problems carries over to his called vibrothermography to inspect for cracks before they can teaching role. He strives to give students a solid foundation cause a disaster. The technique uses high-frequency sound to combined with real-world applications. “It would be easy to make the sample vibrate. This causes the surfaces of cracks work exclusively with mathematical abstractions where things to rub against each other, which generates heat. An infrared are straightforward,” he explains. “The real world has lots of camera is used to see exactly where the heat is generated. gray areas, and students need to be ready for that. I want them to apply concepts from class to real problems so they will begin Holland’s approach to vibrothermography takes advantage of to understand the limits of those concepts.” the sample’s natural resonant characteristics.

“It is more common for researchers to force the sample to vibrate, often vigorously, by using a single-frequency excitation at an arbitrarily determined frequency,” Holland says. “We work smarter, not harder. We use a range of frequencies and find the one that makes the sample move naturally. As a result, we get as much or more heat at the crack with much less vibration. That’s important because vigorous vibration can increase the damage risk.”

The first step in Holland’s research is determining the reliability of vibrothermography as an inspection tool. “You have to know that wherever a crack might be and whatever size it is, you have enough vibration to cause the surfaces to heat up,” Holland says. Through experiments and modeling, he wants to provide the scientific basis for evaluating exactly what it can and cannot detect. Infrared image of a turbine vane showing multiple cracks.

6 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Wind engineering and experimental aerodynamics

Aerospace Engineering: Partha Sarkar, Vinay Dayal, Fred Haan, Hui Hu; Geological and Atmospheric Sciences: William Gallus, Eugene Takle; Civil Engineering: Brent Phares, Sri Sritharan, Terry Wipf

stablished in 2000, the Wind Engineering and tornados by using Doppler radar and near-ground wind speeds EExperimental Aerodynamics (WEEA) Program in the predicted with CFD. The excellent match between the two sets Department of Aerospace Engineering focuses on the study of of data—field/numerical and laboratory—along with other tests aerodynamic effects on structures, either on the ground or in has shown that the tornado simulator is able to simulate not the air. only realistic winds, but also a variety of tornado scenarios.

The wind engineering research specializes in understanding The eight-by-six-foot AABL wind and gust tunnel is capable how extreme winds generated by tornados, thunderstorms, of generating wind gusts up to 110 mph. The AABL tunnel’s frontal winds, and hurricanes damage structures. The unique combination of wind speed and test section area with experimental aerodynamics research investigates the basic active gust generation capability has enabled researchers to aerodynamic problems that affect aeronautics, agriculture, measure what happens when a gusty wind hits a house or large environment, sports, transportation, and wind energy. semi-tractor trailer, or when an unmanned aerial vehicle flies Researchers from engineering, atmospheric sciences, and through turbulent wind. It has been used to help determine statistics use a combination of methods—wind tunnels, aerodynamic drag on structural members of light poles and test computational fluid dynamics, and analytical and statistical various turbines used for wind energy. tools—to better understand these phenomena and to determine ways to reduce the problems and damage that occur. Some current research includes studying bluff body aerodynamics and flow-induced vibration problems. Wind-induced damage causes about 36 percent of the total Researchers have developed new algorithms and experimental insured loss due to all natural hazards in the United States. That techniques to extract the flutter derivatives and rational is $6.3 billion annually. While high winds are recognized for functions that are used in flutter analysis of flexible bridges their detrimental effects, low-to-moderate wind speeds below and airplane wings. A benchmark study on flutter derivatives 50 mph can also cause problems. These include damage from of bridges is also underway in collaboration with some large-scale vibration of traffic signals, light poles, bridge decks, Japanese researchers, and a project to examine the vortex- and or stay-cables of bridges; unwanted air pollution and dispersion turbulence-induced vibrations of a tall light pole is being done patterns; decrease in building ventilation efficiency; and reduced for the purpose of developing fatigue-resistant design. fuel efficiency due to cross-wind effects on large vehicles. The establishment of the Advanced Flow Diagnostics and The Wind Simulation and Testing Laboratory, fully functional Experimental Aerodynamics Laboratory (see page 14 for since March 2005, is equipped with the latest instrumentation more information) offers more capability for conducting for conducting research, education, and outreach. The tornado/ fundamental studies. microburst simulator produces a translating microburst-like jet or a tornado-like vortex that can move in a path similar to real The program received a major boost in 2006 when it received storms, passing over models on a 20-by-34-foot ground plane. a $1-million federal grant through the National Oceanic This simulator is the only one of its kind used for scale-model and Atmospheric Administration. The grant is funding tests of civil structures. WEEA faculty have been interviewed research on understanding the wind flow in and around the and the simulator featured in numerous news shows as well built environment—for example, a cluster of structures in a as in documentaries produced by the National Geographic city—to assess damage potential in storms and will support Channel and the History Channel. enhancement of existing facilities, equipment, and tools.

The performance of the tornado simulator has been evaluated Visit www.aere.iastate.edu/wind for by comparing its wind speeds with those measured in real more information.

Figure shows a flow field around a gable- roofed building model in a tornado- like wind. The flow measurement was correlated with the surface pressure maps and total aerodynamic force and moment measurements to reveal the dynamics of flow-structure interactions between the building model and tornado-like swirling winds. (NOAA Project: Partha Sarkar, Fred Haan, and Hui Hu.)

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 7 Flight dynamics, guidance, and control

Aerospace Engineering: Ping Lu, Soon-Jo Chung, Steve Holland, Atul Kelkar, Peter Sherman, Bong Wie

uidance and control is a significant part of aerospace and efficient optimal ascent guidance algorithms that will G systems today. Whether dealing with unmanned aerial enable the launch vehicle to fly through the atmosphere under vehicles or robotic or human exploration of space, intelligent and closed-loop guidance and accurately deliver the payload into autonomous operations are crucial. In this context, the guidance orbit with minimum propellant consumption. In conjunction system is the brain of the vehicle that decides what to do, and with another project, the researchers will also investigate the control system is the muscle that executes the commands. closed-loop guidance of a hybrid launch vehicle with a fly-back first stage and autonomous abort guidance. Faculty in the Department of Aerospace Engineering are engaged in a number of diverse research projects directly tied On the space front, Bong Wie, the first endowed Vance to current U.S. space programs. One of these is the Orion Crew D. Coffman Faculty Chair in Aerospace Engineering, brings Exploration Vehicle (CEV), designated to replace the space expertise in solar sail dynamics and control. Solar sails are shuttle for all low-Earth orbit missions and to extend to lunar large, lightweight reflectors that are propelled by sunlight. missions and beyond. AerE researchers are part of the guidance, The potential for propellantless space propulsion has spurred navigation, and control (GN&C) team led by Lockheed Martin. renewed interested in solar sailing by NASA and the European Space Agency for interplanetary and interstellar missions. Current NASA requirements call for the CEV to land in the continental United States (CONUS) within an accuracy of 5 kilometers. This goal mandates ensured reliability and high precision of the GN&C systems during re-entry of the atmosphere.

The CEV must also be able to depart the lunar orbit anytime during a lunar mission and land in the CONUS with the same accuracy. Traveling at 11 km/s upon return from the Moon, the CEV will need “skip-entry” capability in order to meet all of the possible downrange conditions. In this maneuver, the CEV will first enter the atmosphere and control its path precisely so that it will actually leave the atmosphere with correct condition, and then re-enter the atmosphere and land at the designated site. Such a maneuver has not been successfully flown before in any space missions, including the Apollo program.

Ping Lu and his students have been involved in developing a high-precision entry guidance algorithm to steer the CEV during its entry flight, including skip phase. The challenges lie between the stringent requirements and the relatively low aerodynamic lifting capability of the CEV due to its capsule shape. The continuous force of sunlight enables solar sails to attain higher velocities than chemically fueled spacecraft and also In a project funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, break away from the typical orbital paths around the sun. Lu and his students are investigating automated closed-loop The control systems design, which is subject to the physical optimal ascent guidance of launch vehicles. Currently the endo- limits of actuators, sensors, and structural flexibility as well as atmospheric portion constraints posed by specific mission goals, must keep the solar of ascent guidance sail correctly positioned toward the sun. Wie is working on a for launch vehicles is project to develop an innovative solar sail flight control system essentially open loop, for interplanetary missions. relying on extensive pre- mission planning on the In another high-profile research area, Wie focuses on space ground. The recent strong mission design for asteroid deflection. The spectacular collision interest in achieving on- of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in July 1994 was clear demand rapid access to evidence that the risks of impacts with Earth by near-Earth space makes this time- objects (NEOs) are very real. Wie’s project attempts to develop consuming and labor- a viable, near-term solution for changing the trajectory of NEOs intensive technology to mitigate their impact/collision threat to Earth. He is working impractical. This research with kinetic impactors, gravity tractors, and solar sails to devise seeks to develop robust non-nuclear deflection alternatives. continued on page 10 8 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Bong Wie is first Coffman endowed chair

rofessor Bong Wie has been named the first endowed Vance facilitates student and faculty work on space-related projects. He PD. Coffman Faculty Chair in Aerospace Engineering. Widely also plans to host the first international conference on asteroid recognized for his work in spacecraft guidance and control and deflection/mitigation technology at Iowa State in 2009. innovative space mission design, Wie comes to Iowa State from Arizona State University, where he was professor of aerospace and A special campus ceremony to honor Wie and Coffman was held mechanical engineering. His research includes developmental March 20, 2007. work on the controller for the International Space Station. “Professor Wie is an international leader in his discipline, and his “Professor Wie is an outstanding joining our faculty will significantly enhance Iowa State’s leadership researcher and teacher who in critical areas of aerospace engineering,” said Iowa State President will strengthen and expand our Gregory L. Geoffroy. “This is also an excellent example of how aerospace engineering programs,” endowed faculty positions help us recruit world-class leaders by said Mark J. Kushner, dean of providing the highest level of faculty recognition and support. the College of Engineering. “His These positions strengthen the university in many ways, and we expertise in such areas as space are very grateful to Lockheed Martin for establishing this endowed vehicle dynamics and solar sail chair in honor of Vance Coffman.” control technology, which may apply to space missions to mitigate The gift was made through the Iowa State University Foundation, a the threat of near-Earth asteroids, private, non-profit corporation dedicated to securing and managing will capture the imaginations of our gifts and grants that benefit Iowa State University. students and faculty.”

The Lockheed Martin Corporation established the chair with a $1.5-million gift to honor Vance Coffman, who served as CEO Alum is president of from 1998 until his retirement in 2004. Coffman went to work for Lockheed Missiles and Space Company in 1967 after completing Seoul National University his BS in aerospace engineering at Iowa State. Jang-Moo Lee, who earned his PhD in engineering mechanics at Iowa State in Wie earned his PhD at Stanford University in 1981 and began 1975, was appointed the 24th president his career as a spacecraft control systems engineer with Ford of Seoul National University (SNU) in Aerospace Corporation. He joined the faculty at the University of July 2006. Lee has been a member of the Texas, Austin, in 1985 and moved to Arizona State University in SNU faculty since 1976. He served as 1989. His new position at Iowa State began in summer 2007. dean of the College of Engineering from 1997 to 2002 and, since April 2007, In his research, Wie has worked with NASA, the European Space has served as chairman of the Korean Agency, Germany Aerospace Research Center, Surrey Space Center Council for University Education. in the United Kingdom, and major universities throughout the world. In recognition of his innovative research on advanced Throughout his career, Lee has served in senior positions in control of complex spacecraft such as solar sails and agile imaging numerous national committees and institutions and professional satellites equipped with control moment gyros, he received the associations and societies. He is a fellow of the American Society American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Mechanics and of Mechanical Engineers, the International Academy of Production Research, and the Korean Academy of Science and Technology. He Control of Flight Award in 2006. Wie has also published 50 journal is also a member of the Korean Academy of Engineering. papers and wrote the textbook Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control.

In addition to teaching classes and conducting research, Wie will be director of the Space Systems and Controls Lab, which DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 9 Chung focuses on control engineering

school of fish swims through water as a single unit. As it fits together. It is really a very broad area, and that is what I liked.” A moves about, hundreds of eyes peer out, observing and providing a comprehensive view of the surrounding environment. The advent of flight formation spacecraft in the last 10 years has added new challenges for researchers such as Chung. Their work Formation flying satellites operate on this same principle. As focuses on developing new theories and methods to ensure that the one moves, the others move in concert, maintaining precise movements of individual units are synchronized for entire formations. distances between them. Equipped with thousands of sensors, the satellites gather and share data. Working as one unit, they create a “Flight formation is the same idea as parallel computing—namely, powerful instrument that can be used for such things as learning distributing the resources over the assets,” Chung says. “It is more more about the Earth’s atmosphere, monitoring environmental efficient to distribute the sensors and other equipment among conditions, or exploring outer space for Earth-like planets. many small satellites than to put everything on one spacecraft. The challenge is to control precisely the relative attitude and While instinct propels the school relative motions between spacecraft.” of fish, satellites require intricate control systems to fly in formation At MIT, Chung worked extensively in the SPHERES lab, a highly and collect and assimilate data. That sophisticated test bed dedicated to developing autonomous is where Soon-Jo Chung, the formation flight and docking control algorithms. He was involved newest assistant professor in the AerE in projects sponsored by NASA, the National Reconnaissance department, comes in. His doctoral Office, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. He was a team research, completed at MIT in 2007, member in the design and implementation of a satellite sent to focused on development of control and the International Space Station in 2006 that will be used to test synchronization systems for formation various docking and rendezvous maneuvers. flight spacecraft such as satellites. Chung, who says he incorporates both theory and Chung became interested in control systems during his experimentation in his research, is excited about coming to Ames. undergraduate studies at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science “Iowa State has a great reputation in aerospace engineering,” he and Technology. When he started college in 1994, his dream was says. “I was very impressed by both the people and the facilities.” to be a rocket scientist. He chose aerospace engineering for his major but soon realized he needed an area of specialization. A In his teaching, Chung says his goal is to provide students with semester studying at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology as many hands-on learning experiences as possible. “That’s how in Australia inspired his interest in controls. students learn best,” he says. As part of his appointment, Chung will be assistant director of the Space Systems and Controls “Control engineering is a kind of systems engineering. Systems Laboratory (SSCL). Sponsored through NASA’s Iowa Space Grant engineers oversee the whole process from conceptual design all the Consortium, the SSCL provides students—freshmen through way to implementation and operation of the spacecraft,” Chung says. seniors—opportunity to work on space-related projects such as “Control engineers also need to see all of the different aspects of the designing and building pico-satellites or testing space-related spacecraft, and we need to know the dynamics and how everything hardware in high- and low-altitude balloon experiments.

Flight dynamics continued from page 8 Soon-Jo Chung joined the faculty in the summer of 2007, bringing expertise in experimental control research. Control of multi- agent network systems has become a key research area as NASA and other funding agencies have sought to collect increasingly detailed information from space.

In his graduate work at MIT, Chung worked on tethered formation flight of spacecraft using multiple SPHERES nano-satellites. His accomplishments included development of a novel nonlinear model reduction technique to control all relevant degrees of freedom and a decentralized nonlinear estimator to experimentally validate techniques tested in the SPHERES lab. He also extended his doctoral work to develop a unified synchronization and model reduction technique for cooperative synchronization of multiple robots and robotic locomotion. At Iowa State, Chung plans to leverage his doctoral work toward developing both theoretical and experimental research programs with applications to mobile networked robots and formation flight aerospace vehicles, robotic locomotion and synchronization of highly nonlinear systems, and communications and sensor networks.

10 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Mechanics of micro/nano materials Aerospace Engineering: Ashraf Bastawros, Bulent Biner, Thomas Rudolphi; Mechanical Engineering: Abhijit Chandra, Pranav Shrotriya

he ability to reconfigure materials at the microstructural patterning, surface machining, and abrasive wire cutting. The Tlevel opens up vast opportunities in the microelectronic, group is internationally known for its development of the microfabrication, and biomedical fields. These include boundary element method and its applications. In addition, a everything from developing stronger and lighter materials for fleet of nonlinear multiphysics finite deformation finite element use in aerospace vehicles to improving the process used to routines is being developed for a variety of materials responses manufacture microchips to making more durable replacement and structural applications. knee and hip joints. The group focuses on the experimental and numerical First, however, researchers must learn much more about how investigation of the materials’ response on several length scales. materials behave at the micro- and nanostructural levels. These range from the macroscopic laboratory scale experiments They know that a nanoparticle behaves differently than a to the fine deformation characteristics at the microstructure larger piece of the same material, but they do not know all length scale of the problem at hand, which could be as small as of the facts about the physical properties. With the advanced a few hundred nanometers. Through experimentation, research technologies available today, scientists have the tools to probe is aimed at developing a fundamental framework on how and manipulate these materials. materials deform that can then be applied to improve a broad range of devices. Research on microscale and nanoscale materials is conducted in a state-of-the-art experimental testing facility that is unique Understanding physical properties at the microstructural level at Iowa State University because of the ability to test and is essential to knowing how to process materials and maintain analyze structures at a very fine scale. The facility has nano- their durability for specific uses. Several Iowa State projects and micro-indentation and scratch capability, miniaturized address chemical-mechanical planarization, a process to smooth loading fixtures, three-dimensional profilometry, full digital the rough surface of the silicon wafers used in microchips. image analysis, finite-deformation measurement systems, and If the surface is rough, it cannot be patterned precisely. Tiny computer-controlled servo-electric universal load frame. particles are used to plow away the material to make it smooth. Researchers must understand the micromechanisms at this scale The mechanics of the micro/nano materials group in the in order to accomplish this task. Another project focuses on Department of Aerospace Engineering are well integrated using a novel process—electric field induced ion transport—to with researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy Ames imprint miniaturized and micron-sized patterns on surfaces. Laboratory, the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, and three This process is less expensive than the current technology and departments—mechanical engineering, materials science and reduces the environmental impact. engineering, and chemical and biological engineering—to address the multiple facets of this problem at several length scales. Undergraduate and graduate students benefit from the expertise in this research group through various mechanics of The researchers have diverse research portfolios in the areas materials courses. These cover basic and advanced strength of microscale and nanoscale material behavior, size effects in of materials and computational and experimental solid deformation of dense materials, adhesion and friction at the mechanics, as well as plasticity, creep, fracture, and fatigue nanoscale, mechanics of porous and cellular materials, and characteristics of materials. mechanics of micro- and nanomanufacturing including fine

A 3D surface profile of generated micron-size pattern array using the focused electric field induced ion transport process: (a) Height topography, (b) Feature cross-section and aspect ratio, and (c) 3D rendering of the array.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 11 Rotorcraft/UAV/MAV

Aerospace Engineering: R. G. Rajagopalan, Paul Durbin, Hui Hu, Ping Lu, Tom Shih, Z. J. Wang

elicopters won military fame for their versatility during operating near the superstructure of a carrier. Hthe Korean War. The ability to take off and land in small areas, hover, and get to remote areas in rugged Korean terrain In addition, the program was used as the supporting simulation made them the ideal vehicle for bringing injured soldiers tool as the U.S. Navy initiated a sequence of exercises, to MASH units, transporting and evacuating troops, and including wind tunnel tests and flight tests, to assess what is delivering supplies. called the roll-on-deck problem. This is the uncommanded roll of an on-board aircraft that occurs when another aircraft lands Today helicopters are used extensively for both military and on the ship deck. The exercises contributed to identifying a civilian purposes where versatility and speed are critical. The successful solution. challenge is to continually achieve higher levels of performance. Researchers also use the technique to analyze the aerodynamic What makes helicopters more versatile is their vertical/ characteristics of the latest uninhabited air vehicle designs such short take-off and landing (V/STOL) capability. It also makes as the Dragonfly (X-50) and ducted fans such as those used in them complex to design and operate. Helicopters use a rotor the Army’s organic air vehicles. to generate all of the thrust needed to take off or land. An antitorque device, which is usually another rotor, is also Another application includes analyzing the performance, flow required. The aerodynamics of rotors (rotating wings) are much field, and interaction of wind turbines. more complicated than for fixed wings. Researchers continue to work on making the technique more Rotorcraft technology has evolved tremendously over the last efficient, robust, and computationally economical to enable 70 years, and new techniques and materials enable engineers larger and more realistic computations. The long-range goal is to design quieter, faster, bigger, and more and more advanced to develop an efficient tool that can help optimally design new helicopters to meet the 21st-century needs of the military. helicopters and V/STOL aircraft, thus extending the envelope of the current state of the art. Iowa State research focuses on developing computational fluid dynamics rotor design tools that simulate the real-world problems encountered as changes are made in designs. One tool that has played a key role is a simplification in rotor modeling wherein the influence of the rotating blades on the fluid is introduced by adding source terms to the Navier-Stokes equations, the primary equations relating momentum and external forces acting on a fluid element.

This simplification led to the development of an efficient computer program that has gained widespread use. This rotor modeling technique program has helped engineers analyze operations of existing aircraft such as the tilt-rotor (V-22 Osprey), tandem rotors (Chinook), and new conceptual designs such as the quad-tilt-rotor. It was used in the investigation of problems with the V-22 relating to the vortex ring state, an uncontrollable descent condition. CFD simulation of the Joint Strike Fighter (located on A particular niche area for this technique is the aerodynamic the deck near the superstructure) as the V-22 begins its interference resulting from multiple aircraft and bodies landing on the carrier.

12 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Turbine science and technology Aerospace Engineering: Paul Durbin, Ashraf Bastawros, Bulent Biner, Vinay Dayal, Hui Hu, Tom Shih, Bruce Thompson, Z. J. Wang; Mechanical Engineering: Robert Brown, Mark Bryden, Jim Oliver, Michael Olsen, Dick Pletcher; Materials Science and Engineering: Brian Gleeson, Dan Sordelet as turbines were first used to power fighter planes in the latter superalloy that reduces the weight and a new bond coat material Gpart of World War II. Since that time, tremendous progress that significantly enhances the life of the TBC system. has been made in turbine science and technology. Today, gas turbines power most aircraft and a range of sea and land vehicles. They are also the most effective device for converting wind, water flow, and thermal energy to mechanical or electrical energy. Durbin installed as the first

To meet the ongoing need for reliable and durable aircraft, to Jischke professor ensure the dependability of electrical power even in peak periods, and to reduce consumption of natural resources, turbine science Paul Durbin, one of the top scientists in mathematical modeling must continue to advance. of turbulence, is the first recipient of the Iowa State University Martin C. Jischke Professorship in Aerospace Engineering. Iowa At Iowa State University, the turbine research program integrates State engineering alum Roger Hanson, of Fullerton, California, thermal management with mechanics and materials, focusing on established the professorship with a $500,000 endowed gift to the durability and life of turbine engines. The interdisciplinary honor Martin Jischke, Iowa State’s president from 1991 to 2000. program encompasses the areas of thermal management of gas Jischke, whose academic background is in fluid dynamics turbines, materials and mechanics of thermal-barrier coating and aeronautics, thanked Hanson and Iowa State at a campus (TBC) systems, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and health ceremony in September 2005. He also congratulated Durbin and monitoring, system integration and virtual engineering, controls encouraged him to distinguish himself as a teacher and mentor. and sensors, and gasification and hot-gas cleanup. “A first-rate faculty is the sine qua non of a great university,” Jischke said. “I’m pleased to be associated with the strengthening Ongoing NDE projects include a U.S. Air Force Center on of the faculty at Iowa State.” Quantitative Inspection Technology for Assessing Military Aircraft that measures residual stresses in engine components to get two to Durbin spent nine years at Stanford University prior to joining three additional design lives; an FAA Center for Aviation Systems the Iowa State faculty in August 2005. His research interests Reliability that addresses life cycle inspection needs for aviation include computational and analytical modeling of turbulence, systems; and an Engine Titanium Consortium that provides the theory and simulation of the transition between laminar and reliable and cost-effective tools for detecting cracks, inclusions, turbulent flow, computational fluid dynamics, and heat transfer and imperfections in critical rotating materials and hardware. in gas turbines.

In thermal management, researchers work with Pratt and Durbin earned his BS in aerospace and mechanical sciences at Whitney, Solar Turbines, NASA, the Department of Energy, and Princeton University in 1974 and holds a doctorate in applied university partners to explore and evaluate effective strategies for mathematics and theoretical physics from the University of internal and film cooling of turbine components and endwall and Cambridge, England. blade contouring designs to minimize surface heat transfer from hot gases. They are also investigating how the effectiveness of TBCs is impacted by surface roughness.

Research funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research focuses on transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The theoretical component of the work is based on discrete and continuous modes of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation to study fundamental aspects of the transition process. Researchers are also doing computer simulations of both the mode interactions and transition induced by free-steam turbulence as well as full, direct numerical simulations of transition on turbine and compressor blade geometries.

From a materials standpoint, Iowa State researchers have considerable expertise in developing TBC systems to protect turbine superalloys from high temperatures, gases, and oxidation. From left: Martin C. Jischke, Paul Durbin, and Roger Hanson. Recent developments are an aluminum coating embedded in the

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 13 Advanced flow diagnostics and experimental fluid mechanics and heat transfer Aerospace Engineering: Hui Hu, Fred Haan, R. G. Rajagopalan, Partha Sarkar; Mechanical Engineering: Terrence Meyer; Civil Engineering: Chris Rehmann he behavior of fluid flows influences and often determines the performance of a wide variety of devices and processes such as internal Tcombustion (IC) engines, combustors, airplanes, and helicopters. In IC engines, fuel and air mix to create power; with airborne vehicles, the movement of air around the vehicle affects speed as well as ability to stay aloft. Researchers are striving to understand the behavior of complex fluid flows so they can control them and thus improve performance—for example, by making engines more fuel efficient.

A key step to understanding fluid flows is to accurately measure the many variables—velocity, temperature, pressure, density, and species concentration—that affect the flows and then use the measurements to quantify the flow behavior. The increased availability of high-reliable lasers along with the rapid development of modern optics and computer technology provide much more detailed measurements than have been accessible with conventional probe-based techniques. Laser-based diagnostic techniques enable remote, non-intrusive, in-situ, and spatially and temporally resolved whole-field measurements of the flow variables. As a result, researchers not only have more accurate measurements, but also gain new phenomenological insight into fundamental behaviors of complex fluid flows.

The Department of Aerospace Engineering has set up a multidisciplinary Advanced Flow Diagnostics and Experimental Aerodynamics Laboratory (AFDEAL) that serves as both a teaching and advanced research facility.

In recent years, AFDEAL researchers have developed several novel diagnostic techniques for fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and heat transfer studies. One method for instantaneous quantitative measurement of molecular mixing in gaseous flows has been developed by taking advantage of effective laser- induced phosphorescence quenching by oxygen for luminescent tracers such as acetone and biacetyl. This is a promising tool for quantifying reactants mixing at the molecular level. It has many practical applications in areas such as chemical processing, combustion, and aerospace propulsion.

An advanced particle image velocimetry (PIV) system—the dual-plane stereoscopic PIV—has also been developed. The capability to measure all three components of velocity and vorticity vectors in complex fluid flows simultaneously makes this system unique. More recently, a collaborative effort between AFDEAL and researchers at Michigan State University has produced an innovative molecule-based flow diagnostic technique called molecular tagging velocimetry and thermometry (U.S. patent pending) that can take simultaneous measurements of velocity and temperature distributions in fluid flows.

AFDEAL researchers are conducting fundamental studies using these techniques to solve a variety of complex thermal-fluids problems such as film cooling and trailing edge cooling of turbine blades, wake vortex of rotorcraft and blade vortex interaction, the effect of buoyancy on the wake instability of heated buff-bodies, biologically inspired airfoil and wing planform designs for micro-air-vehicle applications, and flow structures around buildings interacting with microburst and tornado winds.

With National Science Foundation (NSF) support under the NSF-CAREER program, AFDEAL researchers are also developing a novel molecule-based fluid diagnostic technique to study electrokinetic instability, Joule heating, and micro-scale heat transfer in electrokinetically driven microfluidics. The goal is to minimize the detrimental effects of Joule heating and optimize thermal management for improved performances and extended capacities of various microfluidic systems. PIV measurements of flow field around a corrugated dragonfly airfoil. 14 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING NSF CAREER Award winner

hen Hui Hu joined the aerospace engineering faculty First as a BUAA graduate student and then as a fellow of the Win 2004, he was already an accomplished researcher. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science at the University Now, as the recipient of a five-year, $423,000 NSF CAREER of Tokyo, Hu helped to develop advanced diagnostic Award in 2006, he has a well-defined plan for moving his techniques, including particle image velocimetry and laser- research forward. induced fluorescence. These techniques measure the many variables—velocity, temperature, pressure, and density—that But he has another goal as well. He wants to introduce students affect complex flows and heat transfer. Access to this data helps of all ages—elementary through college—to the marvels of engineers gain a better understanding of the physics behind thermal-fluid science. That can be accomplished, he says, by the behavior. helping them discover how it impacts their daily lives; for example, it affects the durability of the microchips in their cell Hu, who has two PhDs—one in aerospace engineering from phones and the fuel efficiency of their cars. BUAA and one in mechanical engineering from the University of Tokyo—went to Michigan State University in 2000 as a Hu’s interest in fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena research associate and course instructor. He became part of a developed as an aerospace engineering student at the Beijing research team that developed an innovative molecule-based University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA) in his native diagnostic technique called molecular tagging velocimetry and China. Fascinated by airplanes as a child, he wanted to figure thermometry (U.S. patent pending). out ways to improve aircraft by making them quieter, more efficient, and more durable. Hu and co-author Manoochehr Koochesfahani, professor of mechanical engineering at Michigan State University, A key to that goal, he determined, was to discover all he could received the 2006 Outstanding Paper in Fluid Mechanics about fluid flow and heat transfer. award presented by Measurement Science and Technology. Published in the April 2006 issue, the article, “Molecular Tagging Velocimetry and Thermometry and Its Application to the Wake of a Heated Circular Cylinder,” was recognized for its contribution to the use of molecular tagging techniques in the service of velocity and temperature measurements.

Understanding and being able to control flows at the molecular level is essential to the continued growth of microfluidics (“lab-on-a-chip”) technology. This technology has already led to advances in the miniaturization of electronics and improved diagnostics in medical laboratories. As researchers learn even more about the behavior of flows in microchannels, the potential is extraordinary.

With his CAREER award, Hu is developing a diagnostic technique to study Joule heating and micro-scale heat transfer, which hinder the performance of microfluidic systems. A better understanding will enable researchers to minimize the detrimental effects and optimize thermal management, resulting in improved performances and extended capacities.

From an educational perspective, Hu plans to hire 10 undergraduates to help with the research, create Web-based visualization courseware for his undergraduate classes, and develop a new graduate course that will integrate state-of-the- art research techniques.

In addition, Hu will develop summer seminars and flow visualization demonstration experiments to reach K–12 teachers and students.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 15 Department bids farewell to retirees

he Department of Aerospace Engineering has said farewell Undergraduate Secretary Dee VanDePol Tto three long-time professors in the last two years—John Dee VanDePol first began working at Tannehill, Bion Pierson, and Yu-Min Tsai. The trio had a combined Iowa State in 1968. Before joining the 118 years of service. In addition, Dee VanDePol, secretary for Department of Aerospace Engineering in undergraduate programs, retired in 2007. We are grateful to each of 2003, she spent 29 years in the Department these individuals for their contributions. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. VanDePol, who worked extensively with Professor John Tannehill undergraduate students, is noted for the John Tannehill came to Iowa State in positive way she interacted with students, 1961. He earned BS, MS, and PhD degrees faculty, and staff. here and joined the faculty following his graduation in 1969. From the start Three go on phased retirement of his career, Tannehill played a key role Faculty members Richard Hindman and George Inger and in building Iowa State’s international research technician Tom Elliott are on phased retirement with reputation in computational fluid dynamics plans to be fully retired in the next few years. (CFD) research and teaching. In recognition of his outstanding accomplishments Professor Richard Hindman in CFD, the department inducted Tannehill into the Hall of Richard Hindman, an Iowa State alum, has Distinguished Alumni (see article, page 22) in 2006. taught nine different aerospace engineering courses. In 2003, he received the college Professor Bion Pierson Superior Engineering Teacher Award. A faculty member since 1967, Bion Pierson Throughout his career, Hindman has earned his BS and MS degrees in aerospace worked diligently to stay abreast of current engineering at Iowa State and completed his design technology and collaborates with PhD at the University of Michigan. He was other faculty to ensure that appropriate one of the leading researchers in automatic analysis tools are incorporated in courses. flight control systems and structural optimization. Pierson taught courses in Professor George Inger introductory aerospace engineering, flight George Inger, who earned his PhD at control systems, astrodynamics, and courses the University of Michigan, joined the in optimization and optimal control. He is the founding editor faculty in 1985 as the Glenn Murphy of Optimal Control Applications and Methods and serves on the Distinguished Professor. His areas of editorial board of the International Journal of Innovative Computing, specialization include hypersonic shock- Information and Control. In addition, Pierson is a talented trumpet wave/boundary-layer analysis and high- player, performing with two Ames groups—the Collegiate Brass altitude entry heating of advanced new Quintet and Musica Antiqua. generation space vehicles. Selected to participate in the 1996 American Society Professor Yu-Min Tsai of Engineering Education summer faculty fellowship program at Yu-Min Tsai arrived in Ames as an assistant NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia, Inger won the best professor in 1967 after completing his research presentation award for his work on entry heating on the PhD degree at Brown University. He was new generation space shuttle. promoted to associate professor in 1970 and full professor in 1977. Tsai has published Research Technician Tom Elliott extensively and made strong contributions For more than four decades, Tom Elliott to understanding the behavior of anisotropic has taken care of engineering mechanics materials including dynamic fracture, wave labs by acquiring materials, maintaining propagation, dynamic contact problems, equipment, and devising new tools. He and thermal stresses. He has also made a significant contribution began working for Iowa State in 1964 in to education at Iowa State, teaching hundreds of students in the theoretical and applied mechanics lab. engineering service courses. As program changes were made, he moved to engineering mechanics in Black Hall and then to aerospace engineering/engineering mechanics in Howe Hall. 16 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Faculty News: 2005–2007 News from the college continued from page 3 Ashraf Bastawros: Best Poster Award, Gorden Conference on Thin Film; Invited talk, 1st International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies: faculty ratio compared with a 17:1 average for Theory and Applications, Cairo, Egypt colleges at peer institutions. The differential Dale Chimenti: David R. Boylan Eminent Faculty Research Award, ISU College tuition is expected to fund approximately 27 of Engineering; Keynote talk, founding of a Center of Nondestructive Evaluation new faculty positions in the next five years. at Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan; Invited talk, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing The eight engineering departments will also Vinay Dayal: Vice president, AIAA Iowa Section receive funds, in proportion to the respective Paul Durbin: Associate editor, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering; Advisory editor, undergraduate enrollment, to meet specific Flow Turbulence and Combustion; Invited paper at the 2006 AIAA Summer Fluid needs and priorities. In the first year, for Dynamics Meeting example, aerospace engineering received Fred Haan: AIAA Student Branch Outstanding Faculty Award funds to create an academic adviser position and improve engineering mechanics courses. Dave Holger: Fellow, Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

Hui Hu: Outstanding Paper in Fluid Mechanics Award, Journal of Measurement Science In addition, annual allocations will include 15 and Technology; NSF Early Career Award; Associate editor, International Journal of percent for student financial aid and 5 percent Aerospace Engineering; Invited talks, Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of for university programs that benefit the college. Sciences in Beijing, Tsinghua University in Beijing, the University of Tokyo, and the University of Tohuko Cluster hires Ping Lu: AIAA Sustained Service Award; Cheung Kong Chair Professorship of The College of Engineering is seeking to fill Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education of China; Guest professor, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics new faculty positions in five interdisciplinary research and education clusters—biosciences Ganesh Rajagopalan: Alfred Gessow Award for Best Paper, American Helicopter and engineering, engineering for extreme Society; NASA Group Achievement Award events, engineering for sustainability, energy Alric Rothmayer: AIAA associate fellow; Invited talk, University of Illinois at Urbana- sciences and technology, and information and Champaign; Presented the R. T. Davis Memorial Lecture at the University of Cincinnati decision sciences. Partha Sarkar: Board member, American Association for Wind Engineering, 2005–07; Invited talks, Louisiana State University and Northeastern University The cluster hires are central to the college goal Les Schmerr: Lead author, new monograph entitled “Ultrasonic Nondestructive of building a critical mass of collaborative Evaluation Systems—Models and Measurements” published by Springer; Gave faculty who will be leaders in developing workshops on nondestructive evaluation at Jeju Island in Korea, at the Japan Society innovative ways to address the critical of Nondestructive Inspection in Tokyo, and at Tongji University in Shanghai. challenges the nation and the world face in Tom Shih: Chair, Aerospace Department Chair Association, 2005–06; Co-edited the coming decades. Qualifications include special section in AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power on gas turbine science and strong interest and skills in interdepartmental technology; Keynote talks at the 13th National CFD Conference in Taiwan and the 1st and intercollegiate research as well as teaching International Symposium on Jet Propulsion and Power Generation in China across department boundaries. C. Soukoulis: Descartes Prize from the European Union for his pioneering work on left-handed materials These tenure-track, nine-month, full- R. B. Thompson: Distinguished fellow, Iowa Academy of Sciences; Tutorial Citation time positions are available in each of the Award, American Society for Nondestructive Testing; Roy Sharpe Prize, British engineering departments—aerospace; Institute for Nondestructive Testing; President’s Honour Lecture, British Institute for agricultural and biosystems; chemical Nondestructive Testing and biological; civil, construction, and Z. J. Wang: Associate editor, AIAA Journal and the International Journal of Aerospace environmental; electrical and computer; Engineering; Guest editor, International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics; industrial and manufacturing systems; Invited lectures, von Karman Institute in Belgium, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in Tokyo, 1st National Aerothermodynamics Conference in China, and 2005 materials science; and mechanical. International Symposium on Physics of Fluids in China The hiring process began in spring 2007 with B. Wie: AIAA Mechanics and Control of Flight Award; Keynote speaker, 2005 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, San Francisco; 6th International five new faculty expected to be on board for European Space Agency Conference on Guidance, Navigation, and Control, Greece the 2007–2008 academic year.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 17 AirISU moves forward

n energetic group of aerospace engineering students is in the middle of Aa huge project. It is not for a class, nor are they getting paid. No, these students have created their own one-of-a-kind experience: they are designing and building an airplane completely from scratch.

The project officially began in January 2005. John Anastos and Nathan See, seniors at the time, decided building an airplane would be the perfect way to get hands-on experience applying what they had learned through their coursework—aerodynamics, structures, controls, and stability; they would use all of it. Plus they would be able to get other students involved and draw from the expertise of faculty members. Kranzusch wins gold With the department’s permission Anastos and See established a student organization—AirISU—and quickly had 125 members helping with the for research paper project to design and build a light-sport aircraft. By definition, the aircraft is limited to one engine, one propeller, two seats, and maximum gross weight of Kara Kranzusch won the Pierre Contensou Gold 1,320 pounds. Medal at the 2005 International Astronautical Federation Congress in Fukuoka, Japan, in a In fall 2005, AirISU arranged for several design reviews by professional competition of the world’s best undergraduate engineers. In an online broadcast from Howe Hall, 30 engineers from across the country, including 20 from Boeing, shared their observations and suggestions. research papers on space-related topics. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics When Anastos and See graduated in spring 2006, Katie Martinek, a senior selected Kranzusch to present her paper, “Abort from Solon, Iowa, took over as project leader. In fall 2006, the team ordered a Determination with Non-Adaptive Neural plane kit to use as a basis for their design. According to Martinek, the students Networks for the Mars Precision Landers,” and will use ideas from the kit to construct their plane, but it won’t be an exact sponsored her trip to Japan. match because they still want to be the first college group to both design and build a plane from scratch. Kranzusch started her research project on the first of her three NASA co-op tours at Johnson Space While work continues on building the kit plane, the original project is being Center (JSC) in 2003. With NASA engineers Gavin redesigned, according to Tim Kleinschmidt, AirISU president for 2007– Mendeck and Richard Mrozinski as her mentors, 2008. “The first design was determined to have poor stall characteristics and she studied the feasibility of using a neural would be difficult for low-hour pilots to fly,” says Kleinschmidt, a senior from Franklin, Tennessee. “Now some club alumni are providing assistance by network—an “artificial intelligence” program—to guiding us through the way they do design in their businesses.” determine if the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory should abort its precision landing objective. She While progress is slow, Tom Shih, professor and chair of aerospace continued the research as her honors project at engineering, admires the students’ enthusiasm and supports the project for Iowa State with Frederick Haan, AerE assistant the practical experience it is providing. “This project is much more than professor, as her adviser and wrote her award- engineering,” Shih explains. “These students are doing all kinds of things from winning paper. learning about the design process from start to finish to getting feedback from various people to raising money. All of these experiences will enhance their Kranzusch, who graduated in December 2005, overall education.” is now employed at JSC and is working on certification as a space shuttle flight controller. Visit www.airisu.org for updates on the project.

Students’ paper earns first place award Andrew Wick and Gregory Zink received first place in the Masters Division of the 2005–2006 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Region V competition for their paper, “Fluent—A Versatile Commercial CFD Code.” The work, which received a commendation from Lockheed Martin, was funded through a grant from the aerospace company as part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project. Wick, who earned his BS in 2005 and MS in 2006, is now an engineer at Lockheed Martin. Zink completed his BS in 2005 and is continuing his graduate studies at Iowa State.

18 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING HABET supports research in space

tudents learn by doing in the Space Systems and Controls Student News 2005–2007 SLab (SSCL) located on the second floor of Howe Hall. Sponsored through NASA’s Iowa Space Grant Consortium, Kara Kranzusch won 1st place in the 2005 AIAA Region V SSCL provides students and faculty the facilities and tools for Student Paper Competition, was selected by AIAA to present at conducting space-related research. the International Astronautical Federation Congress in Japan, and received the Gold Medal for her paper (Adviser: Dale Chimenti). The High Altitude Balloon Experiments in Technology (HABET) program is the most visible activity in the lab, executing about Andrew Wick won 2nd place in the 2005 AIAA Region V Student 10 flights a year, according to Matthew Nelson, SSCL Paper Competition (Adviser: George Inger). chief operations engineer. A helium balloon made of latex is AIAA Student Branch with Chris Kostyk as president won the used for the flights that can reach above 100,000 feet into the 2005–06 AIAA Region V Section of the Year (Faculty Adviser: atmosphere. A spacebus is attached to the balloon to carry Dana Haugli). the electronics used for navigation, communications, data recording, and spacecraft control, and the payload, which is Oscar Murillo won 2nd place for his paper presented at the 2005 equipment required for a mission-specific experiment. National Society of Mexican American Engineers and Scientists Conference (Adviser: Ping Lu). Depending on the mission, the balloon is either allowed to Allen Ball won a 2005 Outstanding Senior Award. burst or the crew issues a cut-down command to disconnect the payload and balloon. Either way, the spacebus falls to the Ravishekar Kannan won a fellowship to attend the 2005 von ground with a parachute. Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics Lecture Series in High-Order Methods in CFD in Belgium (Adviser: Z. J. Wang). About 30 students are involved in HABET each year, and Christopher Brunner, Nick Crist, Rob Harris, and John Stronck another 8–10 work on senior design assignments or other each won a 2005 Graduate Student Teaching Excellence Award. SSCL projects. The students come from all across campus. “Any student with a space-related project or interest in working on Ana Lopez-Sanchez (PhD adviser: Les Schmerr) and Branden one of our projects can get involved,” Nelson says. Rademacher (PhD Adviser: Ping Lu) each won a 2005 Graduate Student Research Excellence Award. Check out the SSOL and HABET at www.sscl.iastate.edu. Nicholas Benson, Justine Bormann, Cole Christensen, and Matthew Strayer won 2nd Place in the 2006 AIAA Region V Student Paper Competition (Adviser: Dana Haugli).

Andrew Wick and Gregory Zink won 1st place in the Masters Division of the 2006 AIAA Region V Student Paper Competition (Adviser: Tom Shih).

Shakti Chauhan, Dun Leng, and Prasad Tota each won a 2006 Graduate Student Teaching Excellence Award.

Antonia Antoniou (PhD Adviser: Ashraf Bastawros), Ruiju Huang (PhD Adviser: Les Schmerr), and Sangkwon Na (PhD Adviser: Tom Shih) each won a 2006 Graduate Student Research Excellence Award.

Jason Busch won a 2007 Graduate Student Teaching Excellence Award.

Richard Rainy won The Pitch in a 2007 national essay competition, sponsored by the Entrepreneurship Week USA.

Ahmed Saifuddin and Nathan Smith won 2007 Outstanding Senior Awards.

Anindya Sengupta won a 2007 Graduate Student Research Excellence Award (PhD Advisers: Partha Sarkar and Ganesh Rajagopalan).

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 19 ISU alum rides shuttle to the space station

hen NASA launched the Space Shuttle Atlantis in June 10, and Sutton Marie, 5—but Anderson was thrilled with the W2007, the first Iowa State University alum to become opportunity. “It’s very exciting,” he says, “to know that I am an astronaut was on board. Clayton C. Anderson rode the doing something measurable in terms of helping the United shuttle to the International Space Station (ISS), where he spent States and our international partners press ahead and complete five months as an Expedition 15 crewmember. the station.”

Anderson’s responsibilities Read about Anderson’s experiences in his included operating the complex online journal at www.nasa.gov/centers/ 55-foot robotic arm used to johnson/astronauts/journals_anderson.html. assemble the ISS. “The station is put together like tinker toys,” he explains. “A truss structure is attached to a solar array, a Alums provide mission support connector is attached to the piece of truss, and then another Two other aerospace engineering alums—LeRoy Cain, BS’88, solar array to the connector.” and Joel Montalbano, BS’88—have also held prominent roles in recent missions to the ISS. For Anderson, who earned his MS in aerospace engineering in As the space shuttle launch 1983, the assignment in space integration manager at Kennedy fulfilled a long-time goal. Born Space Center, Cain oversees and raised in Nebraska, he first became interested in space assembly and preparation flight as he watched Apollo 8 circle the moon and broadcast a of the shuttles as well as the message back to Earth. The year was 1968. Twelve years later comprehensive reviews that occur as a senior physics major at Hastings College in Nebraska, he preceding liftoff. “The shuttle is took the first step toward a career with the space program by arguably the most complicated applying for a NASA internship. machine ever built,” Cain says, “and there are a thousand different Anderson spent that summer as an intern at Houston’s things that can prevent us from Johnson Space Center (JSC) and then began his master’s work lifting off.” On one mission, for at Iowa State. His research and thesis, “The Development example, a lightning strike, a threat of a hurricane, a fuel cell of a Technique to Separate the Space Shuttle Orbiter from problem, and a faulty sensor reading all posed challenges that a Deployed, Passive Payload,” came from a NASA project. had to be addressed. Following graduation, he joined NASA’s Mission Planning and Analysis Division. Under Cain’s leadership, which began in 2005, seven missions have been successfully completed. Previously, Cain During the next 15 years, Anderson held a variety of positions was a flight director at JSC where he had worked on 17 space from designing shuttle flight paths to managing the Emergency shuttle missions. Operations Center. His role changed dramatically in 1998 when he was selected into the astronaut-training program. At age 39, Montalbano served as the lead he was five years older than the average trainee, but well within station flight director for Endeavor’s the 26-to-45 range. The intense training included scientific 14-day mission to the ISS in August and technical briefings, instruction in shuttle and ISS systems, 2007. From Mission Control at physiological training, ground school for T-38 flight, and water JSC, he guided the team of flight and wilderness survival techniques. directors, flight controllers, and engineering experts as they worked With the orders to prepare for an ISS mission in December with the astronauts before and 2003 came intense theoretical and hands-on classes focused on during the mission. Four space gaining a working knowledge of the U.S. and Russian operating walks were successfully performed systems used aboard the space station. He learned all about the with tasks ranging from installing Soyuz, the spacecraft that serves as the ISS emergency evacuation a new station truss segment to vehicle, and he was fitted for extra-vehicular mobility units replacing one of the control moment gyroscopes. (space suits) so he could perform space walks. Named a flight director in 2001, Montalbano has worked with The rigorous training and the mission itself have meant long the space program since 1989 and has played a lead role in separations from his wife, Susan, and children—Clayton Cole, supporting joint activities with Russian space officials.

20 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Vance Coffman awarded Anson Marston Medal and honorary doctor of science

hen Vance Coffman completed his BS degree in 1967, Coffman’s own career began right out of college with Lockheed Wit did not occur to him that 39 years later he would be Missiles and Space Company. He was hired as an entry-level the keynote speaker at the 2006 Iowa State University spring guidance and control systems analyst. Earning his MS and PhD commencement and would receive another Iowa State degree— degrees in aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University the honorary doctor of science. along the way, he worked his way up to executive vice president. His assignments included such notable projects as the Hubble But then, who would have thought a young man from rural Iowa Space Telescope, the Milstar communications satellite program, would one day serve as CEO of the world’s largest aerospace the Follow-on Early Warning System, and the Iridium Satellite defense company? Communications System.

That is exactly what Coffman did, though, and in 2006 he Following Lockheed’s merger with Martin Marietta, Coffman received the honorary PhD degree, Iowa State’s highest honor. The became president of the Lockheed Martin Corporation in 1996 degree caps a long list of recognitions for Coffman. The College and chairman and CEO in 1998. Under his leadership, the of Engineering presented him the 2005 Anson Marston Medal company earned a record $32 billion in revenue, 25 percent of for outstanding achievement in engineering, and, in 2004, the which came from information technology. Coffman retired as Department of Aerospace Engineering selected him as one of the CEO in 2004 and as chairman of the board in 2005. first inductees into the Hall of Distinguished Alumni. He was also given the title of honorary distinguished professor. In recognition of his contributions, the Lockheed Martin Corporation established the Vance D. Coffman Endowed In his remarks at the 2006 graduation ceremony, Coffman Chair in Aerospace Engineering at Iowa State University with a emphasized learning as a lifelong endeavor for those who want to $1.5-million gift in 2004. The chair is intended to bring lasting be competitive in today’s quick-changing world. recognition to Coffman’s leadership at Lockheed Martin, promote cutting-edge research in the aerospace field, and encourage others “Today the knowledge escalator constantly raises the bar,” to follow in his footsteps. Coffman said. “In a world of robotics, integrated circuits, nanotechnology, microtechnology, and artificial intelligence, During the last two years, aerospace engineering students and falling behind evolving technology is a recipe for failure.” faculty alike have had opportunities to interact with Coffman and He encouraged the new graduates to use their degrees as a benefit from his insights. He has sat in on the students’ senior foundation for continuing study throughout their careers. design project presentations, given several public lectures, and worked with faculty on development of the department’s vision.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 21 2005 and 2006 distinguished alumni

The aerospace engineering Hall of Distinguished Alumni is a permanent display in Howe Hall that showcases for students, visitors, and faculty the significant professional accomplishments of Iowa State aerospace engineering and engineering mechanics alumni.

Uhrig, who has written 250 technical articles and two books, left academe 2005 inductees to become vice president for advanced systems and technology at Florida James T. Johnson, BS’64/MS’65, president, Gulfstream Power and Light. He is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society, the Aerospace Corporation American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Johnson spent 28 years with the Boeing Company, starting out as an Society of Mechanical Engineers. aerospace engineer and rising to the position of vice president and general manager of the Renton and Everett divisions, where the Boeing 747, 767, 2006 inductees and 777 were produced. Johnson left Boeing in 1993 to become president The 2006 inductees have all served at the forefront of developing of the Large Commercial Engine Group of Pratt and Whitney and in 1994 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and using it in modern was named president of GE Capital Aviation Services. In 1997, he moved to engineering design. Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation where he served as president and chief operating officer until his retirement. Dale A. Anderson, MS’59/PhD’64, professor and vice president for research, University of Texas at Arlington Johnson is chairman of the board of trustees for Seattle’s Museum of Flight. Anderson began his career as an Iowa State assistant professor in 1964. He is an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow and a fellow of the American Institute of Within 11 years, he was promoted to full professor. While here, Anderson Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the Royal Aeronautical Society. conducted pioneering research in CFD and taught students who went on to become some of the most prominent CFD researchers in the country. David L. Klinger, BS’67, executive vice president, Lockheed He collaborated with John Tannehill and Dick Pletcher in writing the Martin Space Systems first comprehensive textbook on CFD, which is used by more than 100 Klinger began his career with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company as a institutions around the world. satellite attitude control systems engineer. He worked his way up to vice president and assistant general manager of the space systems division. While In 1984, Anderson moved to the University of Texas at Arlington where working at Lockheed, he earned his MS and PhD degrees in aeronautics he was professor and held several administrative positions, including and astronautics at Stanford University. Since the Lockheed with Martin vice president for research and dean of graduate studies. He has received Marietta merger in 1995, Klinger has held several leadership positions in the a number of awards for his outstanding teaching and research. company’s military and commercial space programs, rising to executive vice president of quality and operations, missiles and space. F. Ronald (Ron) Bailey, BS’64/MS’67/PhD’70, director, Aerophysics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center Klinger has received numerous recognitions including the Meritorious After receiving his PhD from Iowa State in 1970, Bailey joined the CFD branch Service Award from the National Reconnaissance Office, the Silver Knight at NASA Ames Research Center, where he did innovative research in CFD Award from the National Management Association, and the Employee for transonic flows and aircraft wing design. As founder of NASA’s Numerical Recognition for Management Excellence from Lockheed Martin. Aerodynamics Simulation and High Performance and Communication Programs, he was responsible for the significant advances made in high Dennis A. Muilenburg, BS’86, vice president and general performance computing (HPC) for aerospace and other critical fields. manager for combat systems and program manager of the future combat system, Boeing Company Following his retirement, Bailey continued to advance HPC in management Since joining Boeing in 1985, Muilenburg has held a progression of positions at Raytheon E-Systems and as CEO of a computer networking start- management and engineering positions in a broad range of programs up company. Bailey, who is also a graduate of the von Karman Institute for including weapon system director for the Joint Strike Fighter program. Fluid Dynamics in Brussels, is an AIAA fellow. Muilenburg, who earned an MS at the University of Washington, was responsible for the overall development of Boeing’s program to modernize Paul Kutler, BS’65/MS’67/PhD’69, deputy director, the air traffic management system and to support complementary global Information Sciences and Technology, NASA Ames communication, navigation, and surveillance services. Recipient of a NASA fellowship as a graduate student at Iowa State, Kutler also participated in the NASA work-study program. He went on to work In 2003, he became vice president and general manager for combat systems for NASA, where he conducted pioneering CFD research that led to over and program manager of the future combat systems effort—the centerpiece 60 publications and many invitations to lecture around the world. He of the U.S. Army’s network-centric transformation initiative. has received honors such as the H. Julian Allen Award for Best Scientific Research Paper at NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Outstanding Robert E. Uhrig, MS’50/PhD’54, distinguished professor, Leadership Medal; and NASA Group Achievement Award, Ames-Dryden nuclear engineering, University of Tennessee, and Flight Research Facility Shuttle Support Team. distinguished scientist, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Uhrig came to Iowa State for graduate studies in theoretical and applied During his 42-year career at NASA Ames, Kutler held key management mechanics. After graduation, he began his academic career at West Point positions including chief, Fluid Dynamics Division, and director, while on active duty with the U.S. Air Force. He returned to Iowa State in Consolidated Supercomputing Management Office. An AIAA fellow, he 1956 to teach engineering mechanics and nuclear engineering. In 1960, he has held a number of AIAA leadership positions nationally and in the San was named chairman of nuclear engineering sciences at the University of Francisco section. Florida. He went on to serve as dean of engineering from 1968 to 1973.

22 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Joseph L. Steger, MS’67/PhD’69, professor (deceased), University of California, Davis Steger started his professional career at NASA Ames as a National Research Council Fellow. He was a senior scientist when he left in 1980 to join the Stanford University faculty. Three years later Steger returned to NASA Ames as a senior staff scientist. The University of California, Davis, hired him in 1989 as a full professor in mechanical and aeronautical engineering.

Steger gained international recognition for his groundbreaking work in CFD including grid generation, overlapping Chimera grids, and flow solvers for problems with highly complicated geometrics. He passed away in 1992. In 1998, NASA Ames named its newest parallel supercomputer in recognition of his significant contributions to the field.

John C. Tannehill, BS’65/MS‘67/PhD’69, professor, Iowa State In his first three years on the Iowa State faculty, Tannehill helped design and implement the first CFD courses and co-authored the first comprehensive CFD From left: Tom Shih with 2006 inductees Dale A. Anderson, John C. textbook. He earned full professor status after just 10 years on the faculty. When Tannehill, and Paul Kutler, along with Associate Dean Ted Okiishi. NASA sought proposals for development of national CFD centers of excellence in 1980, Tannehill co-authored the proposal that won a center for Iowa State. He served as center manager until his retirement in 2005.

Tannehill’s research in computing high-speed flows using either the complete or parabolized Navier-Stokes equations won him international acclaim. He worked on many NASA projects including development of CFD computer codes for the space shuttles, the National Aerospace Plane (X-30), and the High-Speed Civil Transport. He is an AIAA fellow.

2006 inductee F. Ronald Bailey (left) with Tom Shih.

From left: Tom Shih with 2005 inductees David L. Klinger, James T. Johnson, and Robert E. Uhrig.

In 2006, the department also recognized Richard Pletcher (center), an Iowa State mechanical engineering professor, for his significant contributions to CFD. Pletcher teamed up with John Tannehill (left) and Dale Anderson (right) to write the first comprehensive CFD textbook.

Dave Holger (left), professor, associate provost, and dean of the Graduate College, and 2005 inductee Dennis A. Muilenburg. DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 23 Distinguished speakers Experts from across the United States and beyond give presentations to students and faculty throughout the academic year. These are the speakers and their topics from 2005 to 2007. F. Wendell Miller Lecture Alexander J. Smits, Professor of Department of Mike Benzakein, Wright Brothers Institute Professor Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Chair of Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Ohio State University Turbulent Pipe Flow and Why Moody Was Wrong The Future of the Jet Engine Distinguished Lecture Series in T. A. Wilson Lecture Aerospace Engineering 2006: Neil G. Kacena, Vice President Bill Dawes, Francis Mond Professor of Aeronautical Advanced Development Programs Deputy Engineering Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company University of Cambridge The Evolving Aerospace Industry: Opportunities, Technologies, and Rapid Prototyping Design Optimization Using Flow Sculpting Demographics Richard A. Dennis, Turbine Technology Manager 2007: Terry Alfriend, TEES Distinguished Research Office of Fossil Energy Professor of Aerospace Engineering U.S. Department of Energy Texas A&M University Overview of the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy Advanced Turbine Dynamics and Control of Formation Flying Satellites Program for Coal-Based Power Systems with Carbon Capture Tom Farris, Professor and Chair Midwest Mechanics Seminars Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kaushik Bhattacharya, Professor Purdue University Department of Mechanical Engineering Fretting Fatigue of Aerospace Structures California Institute of Technology Quasi-Continuum Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory: A Route to Antony Jameson, Thomas V. Jones Professor Multi-Million-Atom Quantum Mechanical Calculations Stanford University Efficient Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Kenneth Breuer, Professor Division of Engineering Manoochehr Koochesfahani, Professor Brown University Department of Mechanical Engineering Random Motions in Fluids at Small Scales Michigan State University Multiscale thermofluid studies using molecule-based diagnostics Pedro Ponte Castañeda, Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Lisa Porter, Associate Administrator for Aeronautics Mechanics NASA University of Pennsylvania An Overview of NASA’s Aeronautics Program Effective Behavior, Microstructure Evolution, and Macroscopic Harold Schock, Professor Instabilities in Elastomeric Composites Michigan State University, Automotive Research Experiment Station Alan Cocks, Professor Meeting the Energy Needs for U.S. Transportation Systems of the 21st Century Department of Engineering Dave Schrunk, M.D. Oxford University The Plant Moon Project, Malapert Mountain—Optimum Site for the From Quantum Dots to Turbine Blades First Lunar Base Huajian Gao, Professor John Steinhoff, Professor Division of Engineering Department of Engineering Science Brown University University of Tennessee Space Institute Mechanics of Robust and Reversible Adhesion in Biology: Bottom-Up Rotocraft Flow Computations Designed Hierarchical Structures of Gecko Bong Wie, Professor George Karniadakis, Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Department of Applied Mathematics Engineering Brown University Arizona State University Colloidal Microdevices and Dynamic Self-Assembly: Algorithms and Solar Sailing Missions and Technology Simulations Vigor Yang, Distinguished Professor L. Mahadevan, Professor of Department of Applied Department of Mechanical Engineering Mathematics Penn State University Harvard University Dynamics and Stability of Gas-Turbine Engine Combustion Biomacromolecular Assemblies: Order, Disorder, Statistics, and Dynamics

24 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Industrial Advisory Council The Department of Aerospace Engineering is very pleased to have 13 distinguished engineers from industry and academia serve on our Industrial Advisory Council (IAC). In addition, Vance Coffman, BS’67, and Jim Johnson, BS’64/MS’65, serve as honorary members. IAC provides the department an outside perspective on the teaching, research, and outreach components of the department. 2006–2007 IAC Members (Iowa State alumni noted with degree dates)

Vincent Baker, BS’67/MS’68 Vigor Yang Lockheed Martin Distinguished Professor Weapon System I&T Department of Mechanical Engineering Marietta, Georgia The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Raymond R. Cosner Senior Technical Fellow and Director for Technology Boeing–Integrated Defense Systems Honorary Members St. Louis, Missouri Vance Coffman, BS’67 L. S. “Skip” Fletcher Retired CEO and Chairman of the Board Dietz Professor and Regents Professor Lockheed Martin Department of Mechanical Engineering Jim Johnson, BS’64/MS’65 Texas A&M University Retired President College Station, Texas Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Michael J. Gries, BS’87 Director, Engineering Support Commercial Systems Rockwell Collins Cedar Rapids, Iowa David E. Halstead, BS’86/MS’89/PhD’96 Manager, Turbomachinery Aero GE Aviation Cincinnati, Ohio Wesley L. Harris Professor and Head Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Kenneth Longacre, BS’94 NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas

Mark Thomas Miller, MS’02 2005 IAC attendees (left to right): front, David Halstad, Rockwell Collins Mike Gries, Tom Shih; back, George Springer, Ray Cosner, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Joe Shaw, Skip Fletcher. Robert J. Shaw Associate Director, NASA Partnership Programs NASA–Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Ross Sheckler, BS’89/MS’91 President of Industrial Advisory Council President, Calmar Research Corporation Cato, New York George S. Springer Paul Pigott Professor of Engineering Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Stanford University Palo Alto, California

Bill Vavra, BS’74 Experimental Test Pilot 2006 IAC attendees (left to right): Ken Longacre, David Halstead, Raytheon Aircraft Company Bill Vavra, Joe Shaw, Mark Miller, Tom Shih. Wichita, Kansas DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 25 Aerospace engineering faculty 27 professors (15 full, 8 associate, 4 assistant), 8 adjunct, 2 affiliate, 7 courtesy, 3 lecturers; 2 members (1 emeritus) of the National Academy of Engineering; 13 fellows of professional societies; 21 journal editorships/members of editorial boards. Visit www.aere.iastate.edu for more info. Aerodynamics/Propulsion Structures/Mechanics and Materials Chen, Hudong** (Exa Corporation) Bastawros, Ashraf lattice gas/Boltzmann methods, statistical physics and kinetic theory, experimental micro- and nanomechanics and manufacturing theoretical turbulence and modeling Biner, S. Bulent* Cox, Ron* computational materials wing design Bryden, Mark*** Durbin, Paul combustion, virtual engineering, power plants fluid mechanics, mathematical modeling of turbulence Chandra, Abhijit*** Haan, Fred nanomechanics and manufacturing, boundary elements fluid-structure interactions, wind engineering Chimenti, Dale He, Guowe** (Chinese Academy of Science) ultrasonics, rough surface scattering, NDE PDF methods for mixing and chemical reacting turbulent flows, LES of Dayal, Vinay aeroacoustics, high-performance computing, microfluidics composites, smart structures, ultrasonics, NDE Hindman, Rich Gray, Tim* design optimization, unsteady aero, CFD nondestructive evaluation Hu, Hui Hilliard, Jim mixing, flow control, bio flows, optical diagnostics dynamics Inanc, FeyziI* Holger, Dave nuclear reactors, industrial and medical radiography acoustics, noise control Inger, George Holland, Stephen hypersonics, ablation vibrothermography, ultrasonics, nondestructive evaluation Oliver, Jim*** Hsu, David* UAV, combat coordination, virtual engineering composites, ultrasonics, nondestructive evaluation Rajagopalan, Ganesh Jacobson, John rotorcraft, wind turbines, UAV/MAV, CFD mechanics Rothmayer, Alric McDaniel, T. J. icing physics, asymptotic methods, CFD composites, dynamics of aircraft and space structures Shih, Tom Mitra, Ambar inlets, turbines, icing, thermoelectrics, CFD solid mechanics, inverse problems, manufacturing processes Takle, Gene*** Nakagawa, Norio* hydrometeorology, regional climate modeling and simulation, nondestructive evaluation shelterbelt Roberts, Ron* Wang, Z. J. nondestructive evaluation aeroacoustics, electromagnetics, CFD Rudolphi, Tom Flight Dynamics/Controls/Optimization fracture mechanics, boundary elements Byrd, Bill* Sarkar, Partha spacecraft systems, scientific ballooning structural dynamics, wind engineering Chung, Soon-Jo Schmerr, Les nonlinear and bio-inspired control of autonomous robots, robotics, artificial intelligence, ultrasonics, nondestructive evaluation formation flight spacecraft and UAVs, network control and synchronization Soukoulis, Costas*** electron and photon localization, photonic crystals, random lasers, Kelkar, Atul*** left-handed materials, random magnetic systems, nonlinear systems, control of aerospace systems, multi-objective optimization, neural amorphous semiconductors networks Sturges, Leroy Legg, Ted rheology, non-Newtonian fluid mechanics flight performance Thompson, Bruce Lu, Ping ultrasonics, probability of detection, nondestructive evaluation aerospace guidance, nonlinear control theory, flight control, optimal control Zachary, Loren experimental stress analysis Sherman, Peter signal processing, data fusion system Engineering Public Policy Wie, Bong Deam, Dirk*** space vehicle dynamics and control, modeling and control of large political theory, public law space structure, solar sail control technology * Adjunct faculty ** Affiliate professor *** Courtesy appointment

26 · AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Alumni and friends provide support

Thanks to each of these alumni and friends who generously contributed to the department from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2007. This support plays a critical role in providing scholarships and enhancing AerE programs.

Mark and Barbara Ackley...... East Aurora, NY Edward Howell and Kathleen Connor Howell ... West Lafayette, IN John Pritchard...... Lafayette, CO Thomas and Jeanne Allbee ...... Marietta, GA Don and Carmen Huling...... Kent, WA Natesan and Ranganayaki Rajendran ...... Holland, PA Clayton Anderson ...... League City, TX John and Ann Hunter ...... Wichita, KS Stanley Rajtora...... Ridgecrest, CA Dale and Marleen Anderson ...... Hot Springs Village, AR Patricia Huston ...... West Des Moines, IA Akil Rangwalla ...... Fountain Inn, SC William and Elizabeth Anderson ...... Ann Arbor, MI Hypercomp Inc...... Westlake Village, CA Raytheon Company ...... Princeton, NJ Gerrod and Amanda Andresen ...... Aledo, IL Hiroshi and Marcia Ide...... Hawthorne, CA James and Theresa Reardon ...... Wildwood, MO Mark and Jill Baker ...... Monument, CO Charles and Marjorie Jacobson ...... League City, TX Jeffrey and Tania Renken ...... Menomonee Falls, WI Marvin and Carolyn Baxendale ...... Austin, TX Michael and Sue Jensen ...... Peoria, IL Richard Rezabek ...... Kirkland, WA Richard and Mary Becker ...... Acton, MA Robert and Pauline Johnson ...... St. George, UT Rockwell Collins ...... Princeton, NJ Robert and Deborah Bernhard ...... West Lafayette, IN Johnson Controls Foundation...... Milwaukee, WI Raymond Roddewig ...... Cortland, OH William Blackburn and Sara Jean Murphy ...... Long Grove, IL Russell L. King & Associates, Inc...... Lakewood, IL Brian and Renee Rodeck...... Santa Monica, CA Richard Boalbey and Michelle Evans ...... St. Louis, MO David and Judy Klinger ...... Cupertino, CA William Rodenbaugh ...... Beverly, MA Boeing Company ...... Princeton, NJ Eugene Krumm ...... Wellsville, NY Larry and Judith Rollstin ...... Albuquerque, NM Boeing Company ...... Seattle, WA Paul Kutler ...... Santa Clara, CA Rodger and Vicki Rozendaal ...... Newcastle, WA Gary Bowman ...... Aledo, TX Donald and Beverly Larson...... Littleton, CO Neil Schalekamp ...... Issaquah, WA Bristol-Myers Squibb...... Princeton, NJ Scott and Kristine Lawrence ...... Sunnyvale, CA Richard and Linda Schmidgall ...... League City, TX Arthur and Helen Bryson ...... Stanford, CA Ann Laws...... Gilbert, IA A. M. and Mary Schmidt ...... Spencer, IA Jonathan Bugman...... Peoria, IL Walter and Patricia Livezey ...... Buffalo, WY Steven and Kathryn Schneider...... Bloomington, MN Frederick and Julie Calkins ...... Renton, WA Lockheed Martin...... Lakeland, FL Byron and Glenda R. Schrick ...... George, IA Anthony Callanan ...... Torrance, CA Lockheed Martin Corporation ...... Cherry Hill, NJ David and Sijia Schrunk...... Poway, CA William Campbell ...... Anaheim, CA Thomas Maine and Shirley Lillard-Maine ...... Carbondale, IL Jerry and Wilda Schryver ...... Conrad, IA Michael and Diane Carroll ...... Melbourne, FL Robert and Linda Manders...... West Des Moines, IA Paul and Ruth Ann Schultz...... Marietta, GA Caterpillar Foundation ...... Peoria, IL Paul Mather ...... Ft. Washington, MD Vi See ...... Lincoln, NE Jay Chapman and Karen Heldt-Chapman ...... Urbandale, IA Alexander May...... Littleton, CO Robert and Mavis Sheldahl ...... Albuquerque, NM Denny and Marcy Chaussee ...... Sunnyvale, CA R. Scott and Mary McBurney ...... Twin Lakes, WI Craig and Molly Simcox ...... Bellevue, WA Imao Cheng ...... Huntsville, AL Carolyn McIvor and Frank Beckey ...... Toowong, QLD, AU Larry and LaVerne Smith ...... Granby, CT Eric Chrisinger and Alice Krehbiel ...... Seattle, WA Lowell and Rosalie McMillen...... Westminster, CA Richard Smith ...... Ft. Collins, CO Cirrus Design Corporation ...... Grand Forks, ND Anita and Bradley Mickelson ...... Cedar Rapids, IA Robert and Barbara Snodgrass ...... Oskaloosa, IA Vance and Arlene Coffman ...... Pebble Beach, CA Mark Miller...... Marion, IA Softronics Ltd...... Cedar Rapids, IA Richard and Marilyn Culley ...... Westminster, CA Gregory and Bertha Moehlis ...... Coppell, TX Space Explorers Inc...... De Pere, WI William de Groh ...... Saginaw, TX Richard Mohr...... Palo Alto, CA Kirk Stackhouse...... Middletown, CT Rory and Mary Deichert ...... Mulvane, KS Mark and Lynn Moore ...... Merritt Island, FL Richard and Marie Steele ...... Milford, MI Robert and Mabel Dighton ...... O’Fallon, MO Dennis and Rebecca Muilenburg ...... Edwardsville, IL Lawrence and Paula Stein...... McLean, VA Dale and Jolane Drape ...... Chesterfield, MO Harold and Jean Murrow ...... Yorktown, VA George and Barbara Stilley ...... Minneapolis, MN Gene and Ellen Dufoe ...... Mesa, AZ Robert Nagengast ...... Minneapolis, MN Stott & Associates Architects, PC ...... Ames, IA Jack and Delora Dungan...... Bend, OR Vernon and Loy Nebergall ...... Omaha, NE Larry and Linda Stransky...... Cincinnati, OH Ryan Engel ...... Issaquah, WA H. Fred Nelson ...... Rolla, MO James Swaney ...... Modesto, CA Kenneth and Julia Evans ...... Gahanna, OH Joanne Nelson ...... Rolla, MO Craig Swanson ...... Mission Viejo, CA William and M. Jeannine Evans ...... Woodbridge, VA R. Nicklas Consulting ...... Corcoran, MN Cory and Lenka Tallman ...... Ft. Worth, TX Kerry Eversole and Cindy Cordes-Eversole ....Lanesboro, MN Steven and Jane Noah...... Oskaloosa, IA Dwight and Darlene Taylor ...... St. Charles, MO Charles Fitzgerald...... Sunnyvale, CA Northrop Grumman Foundation...... Los Angeles, CA David and Diana Van Horn ...... Kingwood, TX General Electric Fund ...... Fairfield, CT Charles and Carol Oberg ...... Mercer Island, WA William and Marian Vavra ...... Rose Hill, KS Charles George ...... Stanwood, WA Mark and Cindy Ogren ...... Gilbert, AZ Jeffrey and Theresa VerWey ...... Seattle, WA David and Rebecca Glandorf...... Houston, TX Russell Olsan...... Dickinson, TX Kenneth and Lois Vorthmann ...... St. Charles, MO Mark Goecke ...... Redondo Beach, CA Glenn and Mary Ellen Olsen ...... Atlantic, IA Wells Fargo Foundation ...... Princeton, NJ Donald and Carol Halski ...... Florissant, MO Robert and Sandra Parker...... Ogden, UT James R. Wheeler Trust ...... Cedar Rapids, IA Timothy and Karen Hansen ...... Kent, WA James Pasch ...... Hampton Cove, AL Bruce and Patrice White...... Davis, CA Roger and Joan Hanson ...... Fullerton, CA Matthew and Suzette Person ...... Denton, NE Joseph Wiederholt ...... San Diego, CA Roger and Mary Hanson ...... Burlington, WA Gary and Holly Pertmer ...... Silver Spring, MD Smith and Jackalyn Wilcox ...... Huntsville, AL Harris Foundation ...... Melbourne, FL Donald Pettit ...... Marietta, GA Craig Willey ...... Valley Village, CA Paul Hermann ...... Ames, IA Clifton Pierschbacher ...... Marysville, WA Dean and Beatrice Wolf ...... Albuquerque, NM Richard and Sheila Hess ...... Bellevue, WA Bion and Marcia Pierson ...... Ames, IA Frank Yandrasits ...... Kent, WA L. and J. Hicks ...... Spencer, IA Bruce and Bobette Plendl ...... Everett, WA Li Wen and Mingyun Zhong ...... West Chester, OH Ricky and Lori Hingtgen ...... Hewitt, TX James and J. Posz ...... Renton, WA Rick and Julie Zrostlik ...... Ames, IA

DEPARTMENTAL REPORT 2007 · 27 2271 Howe Hall, Room 1200 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011-2271

$EPARTMENTAL2EPORTs*UNE

Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquiries can be directed to the Director of Equal Opportunity and Diversity, 3680 Beardshear Hall, 515 294-7612. ECM 08398