INFORMATION SOURCES and SERVICES Copyright © 2013, Satya Gaur All Rights Reserved
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InformationSourcesandServices DLIS006 INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES Copyright © 2013, Satya Gaur All rights reserved Produced & Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara SYLLABUS Information Sources and Services Objectives: To study about the information sources and services, different types of resources, different types of services which are included in the field of library and information science. Knowledge regarding all this will help the student to manage the library and information sources and services. S. No. Topics Documentary sources of Information; print and non -print : categories: primary, secondary 1. and tertiary. Reference Services: Need, Types (orientation Ready & Long range reference services) 2. Qualities of Reference Librarian. 3. Information Services and Products : Alerting Services, Bibliographic Services. 4. Document Delivery, Online Services, translation Services ,Reprographic Services. 5. Reference sources and their Evaluation : Encyclopedia, Dictionaries. 6. Reference sources and their Evaluation : Directories, Geographical Sources. 7. Bibliographical Sources: Types and Importance, Comparative study of INB and BNB. 8. Indexing and Abstracting Services, Need and importance. CONTENTS Unit 1: Documentary Sources of Information 1 Unit 2: Reference Services 22 Unit 3: Reference Librarian 37 Unit 4: Information Services and Products 59 Unit 5: Alerting and Bibliographic Services 83 Unit 6: Document Delivery Services and Online Services 113 Unit 7: Translation and Reprographic Services 137 Unit 8: Encyclopaedia 160 Unit 9: Dictionaries 175 Unit 10: Directories 197 Unit 11: Geographical Sources 212 Unit 12: Bibliographical Sources 227 Unit 13: Indexing Services and Abstracting (I&A) Periodicals 250 Unit 1: Documentary Sources of Information Unit 1: Documentary Sources of Information Notes CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Document 1.1.1 Types of Documents 1.1.2 Documentation 1.2 Printed and Non-printed Sources 1.2.1 Print Sources 1.2.2 Non-print Sources 1.3 Categories of Documentary Sources of Information 1.4 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources 1.4.1 Primary Sources 1.4.2 Secondary Sources 1.4.3 Tertiary Sources 1.5 Categories of Non-documentary Sources of Information 1.6 Summary 1.7 Keywords 1.8 Review Questions 1.9 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: Define the concept of document and documentation Differentiate between printed and non-printed sources Explain the classification of documentary sources of information Identify primary, secondary and tertiary sources Explain the non-documentary Sources of Information Introduction A “source” is anything that provides you with information. There are mainly two types of information sources. They are: documentary and non-documentary. The documents are physical sources of information that are fit for physical handling or they are the record in some physical form. The non-documentary sources of information are live sources that provide information instantly. The non-documentary sources of information include research organizations, societies, industries, government establishment, departments, learned and professional bodies, universities, technological institutions, etc. LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 Information Sources and Services Notes 1.1 Document A document constitutes embodied thought which is a record of work on paper or other material fit for physical handling, transport across space and preservation through time. It may include manuscripts, handwritten and engraved materials including printed books, periodical, microform, photograph, gramophone records, tape records, etc. The recent advances in science and technology help originate another kind of document i.e. computer readable forms that includes CD, DVD, pen drive, hard disk, web resources, etc. All documents are the records of human observation and thought and in its creation direct human intervention is necessary. They provide some information to its readers or users. A library as a gateway of knowledge provides access to a variety of such documentary sources of information. It is generated out of a service to be provided to the user. It is a kind of consolidation and presentation process giving tangibility to information. Did u know? The sources of documentary information can also be termed as an information product. In Library and information science and in documentation science, a “document” is considered a basic theoretical construct. It is everything which may be preserved or represented in order to serve as evidence for some purpose. The classical example provided by Suzanne Briet is an antelope: “An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document, she rules. But if it was to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is the primary document.” (Quoted from Buckland, 1998). (This view has been seen as an early expression of what now is known as actor–network theory). That documents cannot be defined by their transmission medium (such as paper) is evident because of the existence of electronic documents. The concept of document has been defined as “any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental”. A much cited article asked “what is a document” and concluded this way: “The evolving notion of ‘‘document’’ among (Jonathan Priest). Otlet, Briet, Schürmeyer, and the other document lists increasingly emphasized whatever functioned as a document rather than traditional physical forms of documents. The shift to digital technology would seem to make this distinction even more important. Levy’s thoughtful analyses have shown that an emphasis on the technology of digital documents has impeded our understanding of digital documents as documents (e.g., Levy, 1994). A conventional document, such as a mail message or a technical report, exists physically in digital technology as a string of bits, as does everything else in a digital environment. As an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence by those who study it. 1.1.1 Types of Documents There are several different types of documents in the library. Each type of document has different characteristics. Each type of document may be related to other documents in the library. The following sections explain these different types of documents. Original Document Original documents are scanned images of original legal documents. These may be provincial gazettes or other printed legal documents that have been scanned, converted into Adobe Acrobat 2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Unit 1: Documentary Sources of Information Portable Document File (PDF) format, and uploaded to the library. A scanned image of an Notes original legal document may contain one or many laws, orders, and regulations. Scanned images of original documents show laws in their original, officially published form, including any official signatures or stamps. ! Caution It is usually not possible to search the text in a scanned original document image. This is because the image is like a photograph, so that the library search function cannot automatically read the text of the document. It is possible to process scanned original document PDF files so that the text can be searched. The library will index and search such files automatically. An original document image may be linked to one or more other documents in the library. For example, it is common for an individual law to be related (linked) to the scanned image of the original gazette in which it was first published. A piece of legal literature that discusses related issues might also be linked to an original scanned document. Links to related documents in the library are shown at the bottom of each document listing. You may click on these links to access the related document. Legal Document A legal document is a single law, judicial decision, legislative record, administrative decision, financial or budgetary decision, executive order, regulation, or other document that is an official law. These legal documents normally originate from official gazettes. They can be published separately in the library and linked to the scanned original document image of the official gazette. This makes it possible to classify each law and decision separately and in a searchable form. Library users can then find these documents more quickly. When a legal document is added to the library it is classified by jurisdiction and subject. The language of the document, date the law or decision was published, the status of the law or decision, and other information about the law or decision are also entered into the library record. Any legal document can be related to any other legal document. For example, the amendments to a law can be related (linked) to the original law and the original law linked to the scanned image of the original gazette in which it was published. A judicial decision may also be related to a law that was the subject of the decision. An expert commentary on the law may be added to the legal literature collection of the library and linked to the law. Links to related documents in the library are shown at the bottom of each document listing. You may click on these links to access the related document. Legal Literature Legal literature is writings that cover legal topics, but do not carry the weight of a law. They include legal commentary about the law written by legal experts. These documents are normally published in the library in PDF format. A piece of legal literature may be related to one or more legal documents or scanned original documents in the library. Links to related documents in the library are shown at the bottom of each document listing. You may click on these links to access the related document. Documents are sometimes classified as secret, private or public. They may also be described as a draft or proof.