Causal Testing: Understanding Defects’ Root Causes
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Testing E-Commerce Systems: a Practical Guide - Wing Lam
Testing E-Commerce Systems: A Practical Guide - Wing Lam As e-customers (whether business or consumer), we are unlikely to have confidence in a Web site that suffers frequent downtime, hangs in the middle of a transaction, or has a poor sense of usability. Testing, therefore, has a crucial role in the overall development process. Given unlimited time and resources, you could test a system to exhaustion. However, most projects operate within fixed budgets and time scales, so project managers need a systematic and cost- effective approach to testing that maximizes test confidence. This article provides a quick and practical introduction to testing medium- to large-scale transactional e-commerce systems based on project experiences developing tailored solutions for B2C Web retailing and B2B procurement. Typical of most e-commerce systems, the application architecture includes front-end content delivery and management systems, and back-end transaction processing and legacy integration. Aimed primarily at project and test managers, this article explains how to · establish a systematic test process, and · test e-commerce systems. The Test Process You would normally expect to spend between 25 to 40 percent of total project effort on testing and validation activities. Most seasoned project managers would agree that test planning needs to be carried out early in the project lifecycle. This will ensure the time needed for test preparation (establishing a test environment, finding test personnel, writing test scripts, and so on) before any testing can actually start. The different kinds of testing (unit, system, functional, black-box, and others) are well documented in the literature. -
Interpreting Reliability and Availability Requirements for Network-Centric Systems What MCOTEA Does
Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity Interpreting Reliability and Availability Requirements for Network-Centric Systems What MCOTEA Does Planning Testing Reporting Expeditionary, C4ISR & Plan Naval, and IT/Business Amphibious Systems Systems Test Evaluation Plans Evaluation Reports Assessment Plans Assessment Reports Test Plans Test Data Reports Observation Plans Observation Reports Combat Ground Service Combat Support Initial Operational Test Systems Systems Follow-on Operational Test Multi-service Test Quick Reaction Test Test Observations 2 Purpose • To engage test community in a discussion about methods in testing and evaluating RAM for software-intensive systems 3 Software-intensive systems – U.S. military one of the largest users of information technology and software in the world [1] – Dependence on these types of systems is increasing – Software failures have had disastrous consequences Therefore, software must be highly reliable and available to support mission success 4 Interpreting Requirements Excerpts from capabilities documents for software intensive systems: Availability Reliability “The system is capable of achieving “Average duration of 716 hours a threshold operational without experiencing an availability of 95% with an operational mission fault” objective of 98%” “Mission duration of 24 hours” “Operationally Available in its intended operating environment “Completion of its mission in its with at least a 0.90 probability” intended operating environment with at least a 0.90 probability” 5 Defining Reliability & Availability What do we mean reliability and availability for software intensive systems? – One consideration: unlike traditional hardware systems, a highly reliable and maintainable system will not necessarily be highly available - Highly recoverable systems can be less available - A system that restarts quickly after failures can be highly available, but not necessarily reliable - Risk in inflating availability and underestimating reliability if traditional equations are used. -
Human Performance Regression Testing
Human Performance Regression Testing Amanda Swearngin, Myra B. Cohen Bonnie E. John, Rachel K. E. Bellamy Dept. of Computer Science & Eng. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA P.O. Box 704 Lincoln, NE 68588-0115 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA faswearn,[email protected] fbejohn,[email protected] Abstract—As software systems evolve, new interface features common tasks, necessitating longer mouse movements and, in such as keyboard shortcuts and toolbars are introduced. While fact, decrease efficiency. In addition, many toolbars with small it is common to regression test the new features for functional icons may add screen clutter and may decrease a new user’s correctness, there has been less focus on systematic regression testing for usability, due to the effort and time involved in human ability to discover how to accomplish a task over a simpler studies. Cognitive modeling tools such as CogTool provide some UI design. help by computing predictions of user performance, but they still Usability testing has traditionally been empirical, bringing require manual effort to describe the user interface and tasks, end-users in to a testing facility, asking them to perform tasks limiting regression testing efforts. In recent work, we developed on the system (or prototype), and measuring such things as the CogTool-Helper to reduce the effort required to generate human performance models of existing systems. We build on this work time taken to perform the task, the percentage of end-users by providing task specific test case generation and present our who can complete the task in a fixed amount of time, and vision for human performance regression testing (HPRT) that the number and type of errors made by the end-users. -
E2 Studio Integrated Development Environment User's Manual: Getting
User’s Manual e2 studio Integrated Development Environment User’s Manual: Getting Started Guide Target Device RX, RL78, RH850 and RZ Family Rev.4.00 May 2016 www.renesas.com Notice 1. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples. You are fully responsible for the incorporation of these circuits, software, and information in the design of your equipment. Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software, or information. 2. Renesas Electronics has used reasonable care in preparing the information included in this document, but Renesas Electronics does not warrant that such information is error free. Renesas Electronics assumes no liability whatsoever for any damages incurred by you resulting from errors in or omissions from the information included herein. 3. Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted hereby under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others. 4. You should not alter, modify, copy, or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product, whether in whole or in part. Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from such alteration, modification, copy or otherwise misappropriation of Renesas Electronics product. 5. Renesas Electronics products are classified according to the following two quality grades: “Standard” and “High Quality”. -
QA and Testing Have Become More of a Concurrent Process
Special Feature: SW Testing “QA and testing have become more of a concurrent process rather than an end of lifecycle process” Manish Tandon, VP & Head– Independent Validation and Testing Solutions, Infosys Interview by: Anil Chopra, PCQuest n an exclusive interview with the PCQuest Editor, Manish talks become a software tester? about the global trends in software testing, skillsets required Software testing has evolved into a very special function and Ito enter the field, how technology has evolved in this area to anybody wanting to enter the domain requires two special provide higher ROI, and much more. An IIT and IIM graduate, skillsets. One is deep functional or domain skills to understand Manish is responsible for formulating and executing the business the functionality. Plus, you need specialized technical skills strategy for Independent Validation and Testing Solutions practice as well because you want to do automation, middleware, and at Infosys. He mentors the unit specifically in meeting business performance testing. It’s a unique combination, and we focus goals and targets. In addition, he manages critical relationships very strongly on both these dimensions. A good software tester with client executives, industry analysts, deal consultants, and should always have an eye for detail. So people who have a slightly anchors the training and development of key personnel. Provided critical eye and are willing to dig deeper always make much better here are his expert comments on the subject. testers than people who want to fly at 30k feet. Q> What are some of the global trends in the software Q> You mentioned that software testing is now required testing business? How do you see the market moving? for front-end applications. -
SAS® Debugging 101 Kirk Paul Lafler, Software Intelligence Corporation, Spring Valley, California
PharmaSUG 2017 - Paper TT03 SAS® Debugging 101 Kirk Paul Lafler, Software Intelligence Corporation, Spring Valley, California Abstract SAS® users are almost always surprised to discover their programs contain bugs. In fact, when asked users will emphatically stand by their programs and logic by saying they are bug free. But, the vast number of experiences along with the realities of writing code says otherwise. Bugs in software can appear anywhere; whether accidentally built into the software by developers, or introduced by programmers when writing code. No matter where the origins of bugs occur, the one thing that all SAS users know is that debugging SAS program errors and warnings can be a daunting, and humbling, task. This presentation explores the world of SAS bugs, providing essential information about the types of bugs, how bugs are created, the symptoms of bugs, and how to locate bugs. Attendees learn how to apply effective techniques to better understand, identify, and repair bugs and enable program code to work as intended. Introduction From the very beginning of computing history, program code, or the instructions used to tell a computer how and when to do something, has been plagued with errors, or bugs. Even if your own program code is determined to be error-free, there is a high probability that the operating system and/or software being used, such as the SAS software, have embedded program errors in them. As a result, program code should be written to assume the unexpected and, as much as possible, be able to handle unforeseen events using acceptable strategies and programming methodologies. -
Agile Playbook V2.1—What’S New?
AGILE P L AY B O OK TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................4 Who should use this playbook? ................................................................................6 How should you use this playbook? .........................................................................6 Agile Playbook v2.1—What’s new? ...........................................................................6 How and where can you contribute to this playbook?.............................................7 MEET YOUR GUIDES ...................................................................................................8 AN AGILE DELIVERY MODEL ....................................................................................10 GETTING STARTED.....................................................................................................12 THE PLAYS ...................................................................................................................14 Delivery ......................................................................................................................15 Play: Start with Scrum ...........................................................................................15 Play: Seeing success but need more fexibility? Move on to Scrumban ............17 Play: If you are ready to kick of the training wheels, try Kanban .......................18 Value ......................................................................................................................19 -
Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK
1 From Start-ups to Scale-ups: Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK Abstract—This paper1 describes some of the challenges and research questions that target the most productive intersection opportunities when deploying static and dynamic analysis at we have yet witnessed: that between exciting, intellectually scale, drawing on the authors’ experience with the Infer and challenging science, and real-world deployment impact. Sapienz Technologies at Facebook, each of which started life as a research-led start-up that was subsequently deployed at scale, Many industrialists have perhaps tended to regard it unlikely impacting billions of people worldwide. that much academic work will prove relevant to their most The paper identifies open problems that have yet to receive pressing industrial concerns. On the other hand, it is not significant attention from the scientific community, yet which uncommon for academic and scientific researchers to believe have potential for profound real world impact, formulating these that most of the problems faced by industrialists are either as research questions that, we believe, are ripe for exploration and that would make excellent topics for research projects. boring, tedious or scientifically uninteresting. This sociological phenomenon has led to a great deal of miscommunication between the academic and industrial sectors. I. INTRODUCTION We hope that we can make a small contribution by focusing on the intersection of challenging and interesting scientific How do we transition research on static and dynamic problems with pressing industrial deployment needs. Our aim analysis techniques from the testing and verification research is to move the debate beyond relatively unhelpful observations communities to industrial practice? Many have asked this we have typically encountered in, for example, conference question, and others related to it. -
Usage of Prototyping in Software Testing
Multi-Knowledge Electronic Comprehensive Journal For Education And Science Publications (MECSJ) ISSUE (14), Nov (2018) www.mescj.com USAGE OF PROTOTYPING IN SOFTWARE TESTING 1st Khansaa Azeez Obayes Al-Husseini Babylon Technical Insitute , Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University,51015 Babylon,Iraq. 1st [email protected] 2nd Ali Hamzah Obaid Babylon Technical Insitute , Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University,51015 Babylon,Iraq. 2nd [email protected] Abstract: Prototyping process is an important part of software development. This article describes usage of prototyping using Question – and – Answer memory and visual prototype diesign to realize Prototyping software development model. It also includes review of different models of software lifecycle with comparison them with Prototyping model. Key word: Question – and – Answer , Prototype, Software Development, RAD model. 1. Introduction One of the most important parts of software development is project design. Software project designing as a process of project creation can be divided in two large parts (very conditional): design of the functionality and design of user interface. To design the functionality, tools such as UML and IDEF0 are used, which have already become industry standards for software development. In the design of the graphical user interface there are no established standards, there are separate recommendations, techniques, design features, traditions, operating conditions for software, etc. At the same time, an important, but not always properly performed, part of this process is prototyping, i.e. the creation of a prototype or prototype of a future system. Prototypes can be different: paper, presentation, imitation, etc., up to exact correspondence to the future program. Most of the modern integrated development environments for software (IDE) allows to create something similar to prototypes, but it is connected with specific knowledge of IDE and programming language. -
Lecturer: Ting Wang (王挺)
Lecturer: Ting Wang (王挺) 利物浦大学计算机博士 清华大学计算机博士后 电子信息技术高级工程师 上海外国语大学网络与新媒体副教授 浙江清华长三角研究院海纳认知与智能研究中心主任 New Media Product DevelopmentDesign and Dr. Ting WANG School of Journalism and Communication Haina Cognition and Intelligence Research Center Shanghai International Studies University Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang An overview to Part 01 software testing Testing in the software development Project Manager (Requirement Analyzer) System Analysis Release Structure Designer System Analysis Quality Assurance Engineer Requirement Analyzer Structure Design Testing Structure Design Programmer Structure Designer V-model Coding Coding Programmer Waterfall model Testing Quality Assurance Engineer Release Project Manager What is software testing? Software Testing Definition according to ANSI/IEEE 1059 standard -- A process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (i.e., defects) and to evaluate the features of the software item. https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com/software-testing/ “Testing shows the presence, not the absence of bugs.” —Edsger W. Dijkstra Edsger W. Dijkstra (May 11, 1930 - Aug 06, 2002) was a Dutch systems scientist, programmer, software engineer, science essayist, and pioneer in computing science. Bug Fault (also called “defect” or “bug”) is an erroneous hardware or software element of a system that can cause the system to fail. Reasons why software has bugs human mistakes in software design and coding. The longer a software bug exists throughout the product life-cycle, the more it costs. In 2002, software bugs cost the United States economy approximately $59.5 billion. In 2016, that number jumped to $1.1 trillion. https://dzone.com/articles/api-testing-best-practices 20 reasons for software bugs Reasons in development Reasons in testing #1) Miscommunication or No Communication #11) Not having a proper test setup (test environment) for testing all requirements. -
Automated Testing of Firmware Installation and Update Scenarios for Peripheral Devices
DEGREE PROJECT IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2019 Automated testing of firmware installation and update scenarios for peripheral devices DAG REUTERSKIÖLD KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Automated testing of firmware installation and update scenarios for peripheral devices DAG REUTERSKIÖLD Master in Computer Science Date: August 12, 2019 Supervisor: Hamid Faragardi Examiner: Elena Troubitsyna School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Host company: Tobii AB Swedish title: Automatisering av enhetsinstallation, uppdatering och testning med hjälp av virtuella maskiner iii Abstract This research presents an approach to transition from manual to automated testing of hardware specific firmware. The manual approach for firmware test- ing can be repetitive and time consuming. A significant proportion of the time is spent on cleaning and re-installing operating systems so that old firmware does not interfere with the newer firmware that is being tested. The approach in this research utilizes virtual machines and presents an automation framework. One component of the automation framework is an application to imitate con- nected peripheral devices to bypass hardware dependencies of firmware in- stallers. The framework also consists of automation and pipeline scripts with the objective to execute firmware installers and detect errors and abnormalities in the installation and updating processes. The framework can run on locally hosted virtual machines, but is most applicable using cloud hosted virtual ma- chines, where it is part of a continuous integration that builds, downloads, installs, updates and tests new firmware versions, in a completely automated manner. The framework is evaluated by measuring and comparing execution times with manually conducted installation and updating tests, and the result shows that the framework complete tests much faster than the manual approach. -
Software Testing Revealed Training Book Second Edition by International Software Test Institute™
SOFTWARE TESTING REVEALED TRAINING BOOK SECOND EDITION BY INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE TEST INSTITUTE™ www.test-institute.org © COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE TEST INSTITUTE™ Dedication To all of the International Software Test Institute™ students, thank you for inspiring us, keeping us focused, and making sure we do our best to help you grow in your career with your skills and knowhow. Without you, your engagement and your loyal support, International Software Test Institute™ could not come where it is today. TABLE OF CONTENTS CLICKABLE WELCOME ........................................................................................................................6 ABOUT INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE TEST INSTITUTE™ .....................................................7 Introduction To Software Testing ............................................................................8 What is Software Quality Assurance? ...................................................................12 What Is Software Testing? .......................................................................................18 Fundamentals of Software Testing ........................................................................21 Software Testing Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................30 Software Testing Methods ......................................................................................36 Software Testing Levels ..........................................................................................38 Software Testing