STADIONI EUROPSKOGA NOGOMETNOG PRVENSTVA Nogometna Romantika I Kako PRIPREMILA: Maja Mrkonjić, Mag.Ing.Aedif

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STADIONI EUROPSKOGA NOGOMETNOG PRVENSTVA Nogometna Romantika I Kako PRIPREMILA: Maja Mrkonjić, Mag.Ing.Aedif GRAĐEVINE U SVIJETU Građevinar 5/2021 STADIONI EUROPSKOGA NOGOMETNOG PRVENSTVA Nogometna romantika i kako PRIPREMILA: Maja Mrkonjić, mag.ing.aedif. navijači ne mogu na stadione UEFA je željela 16. natjecanje u 60 godina učiniti posebnim, no uzrast do 17 godina u kojoj je 2012. sva- nije se moglo ni naslutiti to da će ono zaista postati “neviđeno“, ka od sedam natjecateljskih skupina bila što zbog okolnosti u kojima se našla svjetska populacija zbog smještena u drugoj europskoj državi. Želeći to 16. natjecanje u 60 godina uči- pandemije, što zbog odgode samoga natjecanja koje je zadržalo niti posebnim, nije se moglo ni naslutiti svoj službeni naziv Euro 2020, iako se održava u 2021., a što zbog to da će zaista postati “neviđeno“, što činjenice da će na kraju za mnoge navijače zaista biti neviđeno zbog okolnosti u kojima se našla svjet- ska populacija zbog pandemije, što zbog odgode samoga natjecanja koje je zadr- žalo svoj službeni naziv Euro 2020, iako Posebno izdanje se održava u 2021., a što zbog činjenice da će na kraju za mnoge navijače zaista Ideja o nogometnome natjecanju europ- biti neviđeno. Naime, prema konačnim skih država niknula je sada već davne odlukama, stadioni će primati publiku u 1927., ali pune 33 godine nije bila reali- smanjenome broju od svojega punog ka- zirana. Godine 1956. osnovana je UEFA paciteta, a oni sretnije ruke koji su svo- – Union of European Football Associations, je plaćene karte uspjeli zadržati i nakon krovna nogometna organizacija Euro- naknadnoga ždrijeba bit će pak ovisni o pe, koja je u konačnosti iznjedrila ideju tome u kojoj državi njihova reprezentaci- o europskome nogometnom nadmeta- ja igra. Naime, UEFA, osim što je posta- nju. Prvi je put natjecanje održano 1960. vila svoja pravila ponašanja na stadionu u Francuskoj, i to između samo četiriju kao što su dolazak na stadion tri sata pri- momčadi, a zvalo se Kup europskih naci- je same utakmice te rok od pola sata da ja. Od 1968. naziva se svojim današnjim navijač nađe svoje mjesto, tu su i pravila nazivom Europsko nogometno prvenstvo ili svake europske države domaćina koja skraćeno UEFA Euro. Do 2000. samo je po jedna zemlja bila domaćin prvenstva, no tada su izmije- njena pravila i počela su natjecanja s dva- ma domaćinima. Navedene godine to su bile Belgija i Nizozemska, 2008. slijedile su Austrija i Švicarska te 2012. Poljska i Ukrajina. Te 2012. tadašnji predsjednik UEFA-e Michel Platini predložio je kako bi se Euro 2020. trebao održavati u više europskih zemalja jer bi se tako, na romantičan na- čin, obilježio 60. rođendan toga natjeca- nja. Osim što bi utakmice bile dostupnije većemu broju publike, olakšala bi se or- ganizacija te izbjegli infrastrukturni iza- zovi koji su inače domaćinima neizbježni. Napomenimo i to kako ta ideja nije bila u cijelosti nova jer ju je UEFA već bila upotrijebila za drugi kvalifikacijski krug europskoga nogometnog natjecanja za Gradovi domaćini europskog prvenstva Euro 2020 GRAĐEVINAR 73 (2021) 5 523 Građevinar 5/2021 GRAĐEVINE U SVIJETU donosi njezina vlada za sebe. U trenutku Makedonija), Amsterdam (Nizozemska), vrijeme protjecalo, počele su se događa- pisanja ovoga teksta hrvatski navijač koji Dublin (Republika Irska), Bukurešt (Ru- ti promjene. Do 13. ožujka 2020. UEFA stiže u Veliku Britaniju, a s obzirom na to munjska), Sankt-Peterburg (Rusija), Gla- je odgodila natjecanja koja su u njezinoj da stiže iz trenutačno takozvane naran- sgow (Škotska), Bilbao (Španjolska), Sol- nadležnosti, a takozvane lige petice, Bun- časte zone i da se u Engleskoj igra prva na, Stockholm (Švedska) i Cardiff (Wales). desliga, La Liga, Ligue 1, Premier League i utakmica, a u Škotskoj druge dvije, prije Nakon odluka prema kojima su neki gra- Serie A, kao i ostale lige, otkazane su. Na- samog ulaska na Otok mora biti testiran dovi odbijeni jer nisu ispunjavali potrebne posljetku je otkazano i europsko prven- 72 sata prije te s negativnim testom pri- uvjete, a drugi su eliminirani glasanjem, stvo u nadi da će u nepromijenjenome jeći granicu i biti 10 dana u samoizolaciji. u rujnu iste godine donesen je konačan obliku biti organizirano sljedeće godine, Kroz taj je period primoran testirati se popis. Doduše, tada se još mislilo kako je odnosno u ljeto 2021. Taj je trenutak sti- još dva puta, drugoga i osmoga dana, te konačan, a činila su ga sljedeća odredi- gao, a tek nam predstoji vidjeti to kako će u slučaju ponovljenoga negativnog re- šta: Baku (Azerbajdžan), Brisel (Belgija), se reprezentacije nositi s činjenicom da zultata izići iz desetodnevnog smještaja Kopenhagen (Danska), London (Engle- su igrači umorni od protekle neuobičaje- koji je sam platio i čiju je adresu obvezan ska), München (Njemačka), Budimpešta ne sezone i gustih rasporeda u matičnim prijaviti prilikom dolaska, i tek tada može (Mađarska), Rim (Italija), Amsterdam ligama u kojima igraju te ostalih utakmi- krenuti u svoju uobičajenu navijačku pri- (Nizozemska), Dublin (Republika Irska), ca među kojima su i one Lige nacija. ču. Tek treba vidjeti tko će imati novca, Bukurešt (Rumunjska), Sankt-Peterburg Video assistant referee odnosno VAR teh- vremena i strpljenja za takve poduhvate. (Rusija), Glasgow (Škotska) i Bilbao (Špa- nologija, nakon što je prvi put primije- Druga je mogućnost ta, a koja sada zvuči njolska). njena na svjetskome prvenstvu u Rusiji više kao utopija, da mjere ipak budu ubla- 2018., sada će svoju europsku inačicu žene pa da izostane samoizolacija. U slu- Šestog dana mjeseca prosinca prvi put imati na europskome prvenstvu. čaju prvoga scenarija hrvatska reprezen- Portugal brani naslov europskoga prvaka 2012. obznanjeno je to kako će tacija nepravedno je zakinuta za svojega iz 2016., a to tko će mu se suprotstaviti dvanaestog navijača. I neće biti jedina u se EURO održavati diljem Europe, i eventualno oduzeti titulu vidjet ćemo toj situaciji. Naime, ruski su navijači u još prvotno je bilo planirano da će se kroz naredne tjedne. nepovoljnijemu položaju. Jednu od svojih utakmice igrati na 13 stadiona, ali utakmica igraju u Danskoj, a tamošnje se ta brojka u konačnici spustila Gradovi i stadioni prvenstva odredbe isključivo zabranjuju ulazak u na njih 11. državu osobama koje nisu stanovnici Eu- Stadion Wembley, London, ropske unije. Danska je zbog takve situa- Engleska cije morala istupiti i istaknuti kako se ne Prvotno je bilo planirano da će se uta- radi o političkoj odluci. kmice igrati na 13 stadiona, ali se ta broj- U sjeverozapadnome području Londona, Čini se kako je baš taj velik broj zemalja ka u konačnici spustila na njih 11. Naime, u četvrti Brentu, smjestio se Wembley odnosno njihova izmjena iz utakmice u u prosincu 2017. s liste domaćina uklo- Park, uređeno imanje iz 18. stoljeća. Taj utakmicu dodatno otežala protok ljubite- njen je Brisel zbog kašnjenja u izgradnji je park pred kraj 19. stoljeća kupio sir lja nogometa i njihovih putovnica. stadiona Eurostadium. U travnju 2021. od Edward Watkin, željeznički poduzetnik domaćinstva je odustao i Dublin, a razlog koji je nastojao širiti svoju željezničku Pripreme za Europsko nogometno leži u pretpostavci da zbog pandemije mrežu. Watkin je poznat i kao jedan od prvenstvo 2020. vjerojatno ne bi mogao primiti dovoljan mnogih koji su kroz 200 godina vizija i broj navijača. Isti razlog naveo je i špa- predlaganja dali svoj doprinos ideji iz- Šestog dana mjeseca prosinca 2012. ob- njolski grad Bilbao, čije su utakmice pre- gradnje Eurotunela, znanog kao Channel znanjeno je to kako će se natjecanje odr- mještene u Sevillu. Tunnel, jedine građevine koja kopnenim žavati diljem Europe te kako će u njemu Broj stadiona, gradova i država domaći- putem spaja Veliku Britaniju s Europom. umjesto 16 država sudjelovati njih 24, na tijekom cijele je 2020. i 2021. ostao Taj željeznički tunel dugačak 50,45 km, što će povećati i ukupan broj utakmica s podložan promjenama, a predsjednik za čiju izgradnju prijedlozi datiraju još iz 31 na 51. Nakon toga uslijedile su prijave UEFA-e Aleksander Čeferin tvrdio je to 1802., svečano je otvoren 1994. za domaćinstva. U rujnu 2014. predstav- kako se organizacija može prilagoditi Jedna od Watkinovih ideja koja je trebala ljen je završni popis na kojemu su se našli svakoj situaciji, od toga da se prvenstvo potaknuti na korištenje željeznice bila je sljedeći gradovi i države: Baku (Azerbaj- održi na 11 ili 10 stadiona, čak i u manje prijevoz stanovništva iz gradova u rural- džan), Minsk (Bjelorusija), Brisel (Belgija), država nego što je to bilo planirano, pa i ne dijelove. Iz toga je nastao plan razvoja Sofija (Bugarska), Kopenhagen (Danska), u samo jednoj državi, bude li za time po- zabavnoga parka Wembley, čiji je središ- London (Engleska), München (Njemač- trebe. nji dio trebao biti Watkinov toranj, čelična ka), Budimpešta (Mađarska), Jeruzalem Na početku epidemije nije se razgova- rešetkasta građevina iz 1894., građena (Izrael), Rim (Italija), Skopje (Sjeverna ralo o odgađanju natjecanja, ali kako je po uzoru na Eiffelov toranj (1889.), ali s 524 GRAĐEVINAR 73 (202) 5 GRAĐEVINE U SVIJETU Građevinar 5/2021 Ideja i skica o nastajanju nove vizure Wembley stadiona namjerom da ga svojom visinom nad- obuhvaćalo sva područja pod upravom vana je 1869., a djeluje i danas. U neke maši. Zapravo je sam Eiffel bio pozvan da Ujedinjenoga Kraljevstva Velike Britanije od njezinih najvećih projekata ubrajaju konstruira tu londonsku atrakciju, ali je to i Sjeverne Irske. Eksponatima iz kolonija se stadion Emirates, dom engleskoga odbio objasnivši kako bi u tome slučaju namjeravala se predstaviti moć Carstva. nogometnog kluba Arsenal, stadion Lon- njegovi državljani smatrali da nije dovolj- U tu svrhu prenamijenjen je Wembley don, koji je 2011. sagrađen pod nazivom no dobar Francuz, a kakvim se smatrao. Park. Jedna od građevina u njemu ima- Olimpijski stadion kao središnje mjesto Za spomenuti toranj ipak se tražio kon- la je i sportski karakter. Bio je to British Olimpijski igara 2012. u Londonu, Mile- struktor, a pobjednički projekt s dizali- Empire Exhibition Stadium ili kraće Empire nijska kupola iz 1999.
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