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Operations Research Is the Securing of Improvement in Social Systems by Means of Scientific Method

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Operations Research Is the Securing of Improvement in Social Systems by Means of Scientific Method A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 Scope, Opportunities, Challenges and Growthin Operations Research - A Study Dr. R. Jayanthi Associate Professor Vidhya Sagar Women's College Department of Commerce Karthik Kumaran S Technical Lead – Incessant Technologies, Sydney, Australia. ABSTRACT Operations Research (Operational Research, O.R., or Management science) includes a great deal of problem-solving techniques like Mathematical models, Statistics and algorithms to aid in decision-making. O.R. is employed to analyze complex real-world systems, generally with the objective of improving or optimizing performance. Operational Research (O.R.) is the discipline of applying appropriate analytical methods to help make better decisions. Also a method of mathematically based analysis for providing a Quantitativebasis for management decisions. Operations Research can be defined as the science of decision-making. It has been successful in providing a systematic and scientific approach to all kinds of government, military, manufacturing, and service operations. Operations Research is a splendid area for graduates of mathematics to use their knowledge and skills in creative ways to solve complex problems and have an impact on critical decisions. An exciting area of applied mathematics called Operations Research combines mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, engineering, economics, and social sciences to solve real-world business problems. Numerous companies in industry require Operations Research professionals to apply mathematical techniques to a wide range of challenging questions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigatemethodicallythe Scope, Opportunity, Challenges and Growthof the new time and also the new abilities required to adapt to those will bediscussed about in Operations Research. This study was done based on secondary data collected from multiple sources of evidence, in addition to books, journals, websites, and newspapers. “Operations Research is the securing of improvement in social systems by means of scientific method - C.West Churchman” KEYWORDS: Scope, Opportunity, Challenges, Growth, Operations Research and Organization. INTRODUCTION Operations Research (Operational Research, O.R., or Management science) includes a great deal of problem-solving techniques like Mathematical models, Statistics and algorithms to aid in decision-making. O.R. is employed to analyze complex real-world systems, generally with the objective of improving or optimizing performance. Operational Research (O.R.) is the discipline of applying appropriate analytical methods to help make better decisions. Also a method of mathematically based analysis for providing a Quantitative basis for management decisions. Volume XII Issue IX SEPTEMBER 2019 Page No: 251 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 Operations Research can be defined as the science of decision-making. It has been successful in providing a systematic and scientific approach to all kinds of government, military, manufacturing, and service operations. Operations Research is a splendid area for graduates of mathematics to use their knowledge and skills in creative ways to solve complex problems and have an impact on critical decisions. An exciting area of applied mathematics called Operations Research combines mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, engineering, economics, and social sciences to solve real-world business problems. Numerous companies in industry require Operations Research professionals to apply mathematical techniques to a wide range of challenging questions. Operations Research is the method of analysis by which management receives aid for their decisions. Though the name of this method, Operation Research (O.R.) is relatively new, but the method used for this is not a new one. Operation Research is concerned with the application of the principles and the methods of science to the problems of strategy. The subject of operation research was born during Second World War in U.K., and was used for military strategy. During World War II, a group of scientists, having representatives from mathematics, statistics, physical and social sciences were entrusted to the study of various military operations. This team was very successful and greatly contributed to the meticulous handling of entire operation and related problems of the operation. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of the present study is to review the following: i. Origin of Operations Research. ii. History and Evolution of Operations Research. iii. Objectives of OperationsResearch iv. Scope of Operations Research. v. Opportunities of Operations Research. vi. Challenges of Operations Research. vii. Growth of Operations Research. viii. Tools of Operations Research. ix. Advantages and Limitations of Operations Research. x. Applications of Operations Research. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study has been done mainly on the basis of secondary data and information available from books and published works and reports. ORIGIN OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH The ambiguous term operations research (O.R.) was coined during World War II, when the British military management called upon a group of scientists together to apply a scientific approach in the study of military operations to win the battle/ conflict. The main objective was to allocate scarce resources in an effective manner to various military operations and to the activities within each operation. The effectiveness of Operations Research in military spread interest in it to other government departments and industry. Due to the availability of faster and flexible computing facilities and the number of qualified Operations Researchprofessionals, it is now widely used in military, business, industry, transportation, public health, crime investigation, etc. Volume XII Issue IX SEPTEMBER 2019 Page No: 252 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH After The Industrial Revolution, different sections like manufacture, marketing, financing occured in industrial enterprises. Approaches of problems between these sections and finding better solutions caused the evolution of Operations Research. History of Operations Research, is believed that Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is the father of Operational Research due to the fact that his research into the cost of transportation and sorting of mail resulted in England’s universal Penny Post in 1840. The name operations research emerged/ evolved in the year 1940. During World War 2, a team of scientist (Blackett’s Circus) in UK applied scientific techniques to research military operations to win the war and the techniques thus developed was named as operation research. As a formal discipline, operations research originated from the efforts of army advisors at the time of World War II. In the years following the war, the methods started to be employed extensively to problems in business, industry and society. Ever since then, OR has developed into a subject frequently employed in industries including petrochemicals, logistics, airlines, finance, government, etc. Thus, the Operational Research began during World War II in Great Britain with the establishment of groups of scientists to analyze the strategic and tactical problems associated with military operations. The aim was to discover the most efficient usage of limited military resources by the application of quantitative techniques. At the conclusion of war different things happened to operations research in the Great Britain and in the United States. In the UK expenses on defense research were lowered; this resulted in the discharge of numerous Operational Research workers from the military at a time when business managers were facing the need to restore much of Britain’s production facilities which had been ruined in war. Professionals in the nationalized basic industries, specifically, needed assistance from the operations research men leaving the military organization. To the contrary, defense research in US was increased and operations research. was expanded at the conclusion of war. The majority of the experienced workers stayed in the service of the army. The ultimate involvement of science in industrial problems of the executive type in the US is a result of the advent of Second Industrial revolution. World war II had sparked scientific advances in the study of communication, computation, & control which produced the technological grounds for automation. In early 1950s industry started to take in a few of the Operational Research workers who left the army. Thus operations research started to spread and expand in the United States. India was among the few nations which began utilizing operations research since 1949, the first Operational Research unit was established at Hyderabad which was named Regional Research Laboratory. At the same time an additional unit was launched in Defense Science Laboratory to fix the Stores, Purchase and Planning Problems. In 1953 at Calcutta, an operations research unit was established in Indian Statistical Institute. The objective was to use operations research techniques in National Planning and Survey. In 1955, Operations Research Society of India was created, which is among the first members of International Federation of Operations Research societies. OBJECTIVES OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Decision making and improve its quality. Identify optimum solution. Integrating the systems. Improve the objectivity of analysis. Volume XII Issue IX SEPTEMBER
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