GRAND TETON from NORTH Hole; Battle of Pierre's Hole
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MP TETON NATIONAL PARK - WYOMING UNITED STATES Historic Events DEPARTMENT OF THE 1807-8 Discovery of the Tetons hy John GRAND Colter. INTERIOR 1811 The Astorians crossed Teton Pass. TETON Harold L. Ickes, Secretary 1810-45 "The Fur Era" in the Rocky Moun NATIONAL PARE tains, which reached its height be tween 1825 and 1840. WYOMING 1829 Capt. William Sublette named Jack SEASON JUNE 15 TO SEPTEMBER 15 son Hole after his partner in the fur ROADS OPEN MAY 15 TO OCTOBER 15 trade, David Jackson. 1832 Rendezvous of fur trappers in Pierre's GRAND TETON FROM NORTH Hole; Battle of Pierre's Hole. APPROACH ROAD NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1842 Michaud attempted an ascent of the Newton B. Drury. Director Grand Teton. HE Grand Teton National Park HISTORY OF THE REGION i860 Jim Bridger guided Capt. W. F. embraces the most scenic portion C OHT EJi? S Reynolds' expedition through Teton Many of our national parks have country. T of the Teton Range of Wyo been carved from wilderness areas ming, witb an area of approximately 1872. William H. Jackson, with Hayden previously little known to man and 150 square miles,.or 96,000 acres. It geological survey party, took first seldom visited. The Tetons, on the photographs of Tetons. varies from 3 to 9 miles in width and is contrary, are remarkably rich in his 27 miles in length. The northern ex The Glacier-Covered 1877 Hayden survey party of Orestes St. toric associations. The Grand Teton Tetons, Copyright John made geological studies in the tremity of the park is about 1 1 miles itself has been referred to by an emi Crandall .... Cover Tetons. south of the southern boundary of nent historian as the most noted Yellowstone National Park. This park History of the Region . 3 1879 Thomas Moran painted the Teton historic summit of the West." The Teton Range ... 4 Range. was established by an act of Congress Jackson Hole 4 on February 26, 1929. Up to 1,800 Indians held undisputed 1884 The first settlers entered Jackson sway over the country dominated by The Work of Glaciers . 6 Hole. In addition to its majestic peaks and Wildlife 6 canyons, the Grand Teton National the Three Tetons. Jackson Hole was Trees and Plants .... 7 1897 Teton Forest Reserve created. Park includes 5 large lakes and many literally a happy hunting ground, and, while the severe winters precluded per Naturalist Service .... 7 1898 The first major Teton peaks scaled smaller bodies of water, glaciers, and Map 8 and 9 (Buck Mountain and Grand Teton). snowfields, and extensive forests of manent habitation, during the milder seasons, bands of Indians frequently Administration . 10 1909 The Upper Gros Ventre landslide. pine, fir, and spruce. Much of the park Trails 10 area is above timber line, the Grand came across the passes into the basins 1925 The Lower Gros Ventre landslide. Mountain Climhing ... 12 Teton rising to 13,766 feet, more than on warring or hunting expeditions. Fishing • 13 1927 The Gros Ventre flood. 7,000 feet above the floor of Jackson The Tetons probably first became Boating 13 1929 Grand Teton National Park created Hole. known to white men in 1807-8, when Accommodations and and dedicated. The great array of peaks which con the intrepid John Colter crossed the Miscellaneous Services . 14 1930 The last major Teton peaks scaled stitutes the scenic climax of this na range on the memorable journey which How to Reach the Park . 15 (Nez Perce and Mount Owen). tional park is one of the noblest in the also made him discoverer of the Yel world. Southwest of Jenny Lake is a lowstone country. In 1811, the Astor culminating group of lofty peaks whose ians, under Wilson Price Hunt, entered dominating figure is the Grand Teton, Jackson Hole and crossed the range on the famous mountain after which the their expedition to the mouth of the park is named. Columbia. 2 Grand Teton National Park 3V Wyoming Grand Teton National Park 3V Wyoming 3 The decades that follow are fre along the eastern edge of the block quently referred to as the "Fur Era," amounts to more than 10,000 feet. for the Tetons hecame the center of Doubtless this uplift was accomplished remarkahle activities on the part of fur not by one cataclysm but by a series of trappers representing both British and small faulting movements distributed American interests. The picturesque over a very long period. Probably the name Jackson Hole" dates hack to time of faulting was as remote as the 1829, when Capt. William Sublette middle of the Tertiary period (the named it for his fellow trapper, David period just before the ice age, the latest E. Jackson, who was especially fond chapter of the earth's history). of this beautiful valley or "basin" as Very impressive is the contrast be we call it today. tween the east and west sides of the By 1845 the romantic trapper of the Teton Range. From the east, the Jack Fur Era" vanished from the Rockies. son Hole basin, one views the precipi During the next four decades the val tous side of the mountain block as it leys near the Tetons were largely has been exposed by uplift and erosion. deserted, except for wandering hands From the west, the Idaho side, is seen of Indians who occasionally drifted in. the broad top of the block, which is But the frontier was relentlessly closing gently inclined toward the west. In Wash. Rational Guard, U6th Photo Section in, and one Government expedition the eastern front, furthermore, one sees THE MAJESTIC TETONS AT CLOSE RANGE. after another passed through the Teton the ancient, deep-seated crystalline country or near it. The most import rocks (gneiss, schist, granite, etc.) be more than 400 square miles. The floor developing the extraordinary scenic ant of these were the Hayden surveys longing to the earliest known geologic of the valley slopes from an altitude of features of the park. Just as the streams of 1871, 187a, 1877, and 1878. These eras, the pre-Cambrian. In places on 7,000 feet at the north end to 6,000 at now converge toward Jackson Hole, so parties named many of the park's natu the top of the block as, for example, the south. Jackson Hole lies a few in ages past glaciers moved down to ral features, including Leigh, Jenny, the Head of Death and Avalanche miles west of the Continental Divide, ward, and in many instances into, the Taggart, Bradley, and Phelps Lakes, Canyons, inclined layers of limestone, and occupies the central portion of the basin from the highlands to the east, and Mount St. John. quartzite, and shale belonging to the- headwaters area of the Snake River. north, and west. less ancient Paleozoic era are found. In the middle eighties came the first Mountain streams converge radially The precipitous north slopes of the These layers formerly covered the en settlers. They entered by the Gros toward it from the surrounding high mountains, the knife-like ridges or tire block, but they have been worn Ventre River and Teton Pass, and lands, and the Snake River receives aretes, the matterhorns or isolated away from half of the area, thus ex settled first in the south end of the these as it flows through the valley. peaks, and the smooth, polished rock posing the underlying crystallines. The valley. The story of the homesteader Jackson Hole has largely been exca floors and canyon walls are results of west and north flanks of the range are has been one of isolation, privation, vated by the Snake River and its tribu glacial action. overlapped by relatively young beds of and hardships, met, however, with taries from the shale formations which lava that are continuous with those Some of the glaciers have complete persistency and indomitable courage. once extended over the region to a covering eastern Idaho and the Yel ly disappeared, leaving in the cirques depth of several thousand feet. The THE TETON RANGE lowstone plateaus. or amphitheaters beautiful alpine lakes. The Teton Range may he described more resistant rocks surrounding the As the glaciers reached the valley floors as a long block of the earth that has JACKSON HOLE region were reduced less rapidly and and then receded, they dropped their been broken and uplifted along its Jackson Hole, which adjoins the park have been left standing in relief as accumulated load of rock materials, eastern margin, thus being tilted west on the southeast, is encompassed on all highlands. building the morainal dams at the can ward. Movement of this sort along a sides by mountain barriers. It is 48 THE WORK OF GLACIERS yon mouths, and forming Phelps, Tag fracture is what the geologist terms miles long, for the most part 6 to 8 The glaciers of the ice age, or Pleis gart, Bradley, Jenny, Leigh, and Jack faulting." The total amount of uplift miles wide, and embraces an area of tocene period, played a leading role in son Lakes. 4 Grand Teton National Park "Ar Wyoming Grand Teton National Park "A" Wyoming 5 U. S. Fish and Wildli/e Service A PART OF THE JACKSON HOLE ELK HERD. Beavers, martens, minks, weasels, all occurring in a distance of less than coyotes, marmots, conies, and rabbits 15 miles. Plants migrating from other are found within the park area. Ground regions have grown equally well in squirrels and chipmunks are numerous each zone. Copyright, Crandall and frequently tame. It is wisest to The flowering period begins in the THE CHURCH OF THE TRANSFIGURATION AT MOOSE.