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Guernsey, 1814-1914: Migration in a Modernising Society
GUERNSEY, 1814-1914: MIGRATION IN A MODERNISING SOCIETY Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Rose-Marie Anne Crossan Centre for English Local History University of Leicester March, 2005 UMI Number: U594527 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U594527 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 GUERNSEY, 1814-1914: MIGRATION IN A MODERNISING SOCIETY ROSE-MARIE ANNE CROSSAN Centre for English Local History University of Leicester March 2005 ABSTRACT Guernsey is a densely populated island lying 27 miles off the Normandy coast. In 1814 it remained largely French-speaking, though it had been politically British for 600 years. The island's only town, St Peter Port (which in 1814 accommodated over half the population) had during the previous century developed a thriving commercial sector with strong links to England, whose cultural influence it began to absorb. The rural hinterland was, by contrast, characterised by a traditional autarkic regime more redolent of pre industrial France. By 1914, the population had doubled, but St Peter Port's share had fallen to 43 percent. -
Losing Touch with the Common Tongues–The Story of Law French
International Journal of Legal Discourse 2016; 1(1): 169–192 Caroline Laske* Losing touch with the common tongues – the story of law French DOI 10.1515/ijld-2016-0002 Abstract: This paper addresses the question of how, historically, the language of the English common law has become separated from the understanding by the ordinary man and woman. The use of an archaic language – law French – for over half a millennium has meant that legal matters had to be left in the hands of a small specifically trained elite. Law French is a language, originally based on Old Norman, Old French and Anglo-Norman. Its evolution is a complex one: its roots in Latin, it was in constant contact with the various dialects of both continental and insular French as well as the upcoming Middle English, all of which had a major impact on the medieval linguistic and cultural landscape of England. The present paper tells the story of that language, which although long gone, is still present in today’s common law English. Now, as then, it contributes little to enhancing the understanding by the ordinary man and woman. Keywords: French language in England, legal language, medieval common law 1 Introduction The law and its practices have, due to historical traditions, its normative nature, prescriptive and performative functions and the basic premise that the letter of the law is supreme, developed some rather grand institutions and practices, including its use of language, as well as the actual language used. Add to this the ever-increasing legal complexities of our societies and we end up with dense legalese that has lost touch with our common tongues and which, despite the plain-English movement, is still fairly dominant. -
A History of the English Language
A History of the English Language Fifth Edition Baugh and Cable’s A History of the English Language has long been considered the standard work in the field. A History of the English Language is a comprehensive exploration of the linguistic and cultural development of English, from the Middle Ages to the present day. The book provides students with a balanced and up-to-date overview of the history of the language. The fifth edition has been revised and updated to keep students up to date with recent developments in the field. Revisions include: • a revised first chapter, ‘English present and future’ • a new section on gender issues and linguistic change • updated material on African-American Vernacular English A student supplement for this book is available, entitled Companion to A History of the English Language. Albert C.Baugh was Schelling Memorial Professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Thomas Cable is Jane and Roland Blumberg Centennial Professor of English at the University of Texas at Austin. THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND A History of the English Language Fifth Edition Albert C.Baugh and Thomas Cable First published 1951 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Second edition 1959 Third edition 1978 Fourth edition published 1993 by Routledge Authorized British edition from the English language edition, entitled A History of the English Language, Fifth Edition by Albert C.Baugh and Thomas Cable, published by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Inc. Copyright © 2002 Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. -
History of English
HISTORY OF ENGLISH English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England. One of these dialects, Late West Saxon, eventually came to dominate. English changed enormously in the Middle Ages. Written Old English of 1000 AD is similar in vocabulary and grammar to other old Germanic languages such as Old High German and Old Norse, and completely unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognizable in written Middle English of 1400 AD. This was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the French Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman. About 60% of the modern English vocabulary comes direct from Old French.[1] Cohabitation with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English. However, this had not reached southwest England by the 9th century AD, where Old English was developed into a fully-fledged literary language. This was completely disrupted by the Norman invasion in 1066, and when literary English rose anew in the 13th century, it was based on the speech of London, much closer to the center of Scandinavian settlement. -
Evolution in Guernsey Norman French Phonology
Channelling Change: Evolution in Guernsey Norman French Phonology Submitted by Helen Margaret Simmonds to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French, September 2012. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 2 ABSTRACT This thesis examines evolution in the phonology of Guernesiais, the endangered variety of Norman French indigenous to the Channel Island of Guernsey. It identifies ways in which modern Guernesiais phonology differs from previous descriptions of the variety written between 1870 and 2008, and identifies new patterns of phonological variation which correlate with speaker place of origin within the island. This is accomplished through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of a new corpus of speech data. The relationship between the data and other extralinguistic variables such as age and gender is also explored. The Guernsey 2010 corpus was gathered during linguistic interviews held with forty- nine adult native speakers of Guernesiais between July and September 2010. The interviews featured a word list translation task (English > Guernesiais), a series of socio-biographical questions, and a self-assessment questionnaire which sought to elicit information about the participants’ use of Guernesiais as well as their responses to questions relating to language revitalisation issues. -
Jersey 1204-2004: Official Website 25 ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association Poingdestre Records
And the Poingdestre Family before and after ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association 1 Important Dates 1066: Battle of Hastings 1154-1189: Reign of King Henry II 1199-1216: Reign of King John 1204: Loss of Normandy 1216-1272: Reign of King Henry III ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association 2 • Henry ll, first Plantagenet king, 1154-89. • Inheritance and marriage, rules lands shown in red, from Scotland to Gascony. • Yellow & green areas ruled by Capetian King of France, Philip ll, 1180-1223. Map from Fordham University www.fordham.edu/halsall/maps/1174angev.jpg ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association 3 Jersey ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association Map from Via Michelin web site http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/ 4 Jersey Map from Via Michelin web site 5 ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/ Jersey ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association Map from Via Michelin web site 6 http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/ French Aristocratic Practices Patrimony in Medieval Normandy • Patrimony – land obtained by inheritance – passed undivided to the eldest son • Other Lands (conquered, acquired by marriage, etc.) – Divided among younger sons – Provided for daughters as part of a dowry ©2005 Poindexter Descendants Association 7 French Aristocratic Practices Patrimony in Medieval Normandy As a way to maintain loyalty to the king, his sons are given overlordship (suzerainty) of the lands they will inherit, so long as they continue to pay tribute to their father, the King. Also made the king’s presence known in these lands. ©2005 -
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Color profile: Disabled CILP069 Composite Default screen Prestige From the Bottom Up: A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey Julia Sallabank Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom This paper discusses language planning measures in Guernsey, Channel Islands. The indigenous language is spoken fluently by only 2% of the population, and is at level 7 on Fishman’s 8-point scale of endangerment. It has no official status and low social prestige, and language planning has little official support or funding. Political auton- omy has not increased the language’s status or stopped intergenerational transmis- sion from declining. Most language planning initiatives are very small-scale and are undertaken by pressure groups or individuals, who focus on social prestige at grass-roots level rather than official status. The likelihood of success of current efforts is evaluated. Keywords: endangered languages, revitalisation, status, prestige, planning, atti- tudes. Background The Channel Islands are in the Gulf of St Malo off the coast of northern France (see Figure 1). Politically the islands are semi-autonomous dependencies of the British Crown, and are self-governing in domestic policy. They are not part of the United Kingdom and are only associate members of the European Community, so they are not subject to European laws or agreements such as the Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Guernsey is the second largest of the islands, nine miles by seven by five miles (14.5km by 11km by 8km). The indigenous language variety in Guernsey has traditionally had very low prestige, and has no official standing. -
Chasing the Perrine Family Across America
Chasing the Perrine 1669-1992 Family Guernsey and Jersey in Channel Across America Islands, La Rochelle, Shooting Star, Staten Island, Perrineville, NJ, Perrine Corners, PA, Hartford, OH, Sharon, PA. (left) When the Vikings became Normans… Chasing down details of family history leads to interesting encounters with geography. Most of our ancestors were born on farms or small towns in the hinder lands of America or Europe or Asia or wherever. Although the internet is helpful, most of the time you really need to visit these ancestral places. Often the search for these home places and cemeteries encompasses several years, much unexplainable interest, and substantial gas and cash. Oh, yes and a goodly supply of old maps. My Dad’s ancestors were Norman Huguenots. They originated at least since 1335 from the Channel Islands -- specifically Guernsey and Jersey -- just off the coast between Normandy and England. But our branch of the family went into The Marches in Brittany, south of Basse- Normandie, and built a chateau, a manor house, called Courbe Joilliere. For several centuries the Perrins of the Channel Island and the Perrins of Brittany developed their lands. The Normans descended from Vikings in the period 900-933 A.D. when Viking leader, Rollo, won so much land that he However during the Protestant was named the first Duke of Normandy and granted large Revolution, leading Perrins in both territories in northern France including Rouen. The treaty Guernsey and Brittany became with France was signed by King Charles the Simple. The Protestant, following Jean Calvin, and th th Perrin/Perryn/Perine name dates back in church records to in the 16 and 17 centuries were 1335 in the Channel Island of Jersey and Guernsey and to Huguenots persecuted by the French 1440s in Normandy geneologies. -
Three Hundred Years of a Norman House
I s i : 1 I i •:• i r;i 9a9.2 G9661h 1276413 GENEALOGY COULECTION , ALLEN COUNTY PUBUC ,V,?,?ft'?iKi 3 1833 01282 7371 THEEE HUNDRED YEAES OE A NOEMAN HOUSE. : — THBEE HUNDEED YEABS OF A NOBMAN HOUSE : THE BARONS OF GOURNAY FROM THE TENTH TO THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. WITH GENEALOGICAL MISCELLANIES. By JAMES HANNAY, " AUTUOK OP "singleton FONTENOY, R.N. ; "A COUKSE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE," ETC. tvXiyyiirai PovXou,iirl}oc. Tcvi n-«Tlg«? iifiaiif, on Aristoph. Ell. Omncs boni semper nobilitati favemus. Ciceko, Tro Sesl. LONDON TINSLEY BROTHERS, 18, CATHERINE ST., STRAND. 1867. : LONDON BRADBUKV, EVANS, AND CO., PKINTERS, WmTKFiilAllS. 127G413 DANIEL GUENEY, ESQ., RE.S., AUTHOR OF THE " RECOBD OF THE HOUSE OF GOUENAY," S:^is WalumR is ^tbitnUh WITH MUCH EiSTEEM. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE " EUDES," THE COMPANION OP EOLLO, AND PATRIARCH OF THE HOUSE OF GOURNAY 1 CHAPTER II. THE GOURNAYS IN NORMANDY FROM THE TIME OF ROLLO TO THE CONQUEST ; —WITH SOME ACCOUNT OP "OLD HUGH " 42 CHAPTER III. OUR LAST GLIMPSE OP " OLD HUGH." HIS SON HUGH III., AND HIS GRANDSON, GERARD, THE CRUSADER . 87 CHAPTER IV. GERARD'S SON, HUGH IV 118 CHAPTER V. HUGH v., THE FRIEND OP C(EUR-DE-LION . .143 CHAPTER VI. HUGH THE SIXTH, THE LAST BARON 187 BRITISH FAMILY HISTORIES 201 THE FAMILY OF TEMPLE 2G2 THEEE HUNDEED YEAES OF A NOEMAN HOUSE. CHAPTER I. "EUDES/' THE COMPANION OF ROLLO, AND PATRIARCH OF THE HOUSE OF GOURNAY. U |T is just a thousand years since that great ^^ f ^^i^^i^ch the Gothic race which had occu- i^K l^^l of i^gj^^^ pied from a period beyond history the Penin- sula of Scandinavia, began to establish its position, and prepare for its future in modern Europe. -
7 Middle English
7 Middle English 111. Middle English a Period of Great Change. The Middle English period (1150–1500) was marked by momentous changes in the English language, changes more extensive and fundamental than those that have taken place at any time before or since. Some of them were the result of the Norman Conquest and the conditions which followed in the wake of that event. Others were a continuation of tendencies that had begun to manifest themselves in Old English. These would have gone on even without the Conquest, but they took place more rapidly because the Norman invasion removed from English those conservative influences that are always felt when a language is extensively used in books and is spoken by an influential educated class. The changes of this period affected English in both its grammar and its vocabulary. They were so extensive in each department that it is difficult to say which group is the more significant. Those in the grammar reduced English from a highly inflected language to an extremely analytic one.1 Those in the vocabulary involved the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin. At the beginning of the period English is a language that must be learned like a foreign tongue; at the end it is Modern English. 112. Decay of Inflectional Endings. The changes in English grammar may be described as a general reduction of inflections. Endings of the noun 1 That the change was complete by 1500 has been shown with convincing statistics by Charles C.Fries, “On the Development of the Structural Use of Word-Order in Modern English,” Language, 16(1940), 199–208.