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CHASSIDUS AND MUSAR 14 Insight | By Yisroel Yehuda

ESTABLISHING YESHIVAS TOMCHEI 20 T’MIMIM IN AMERICA ^ 15 Elul | Shneur Zalman Berger

TRANSITIONING FROM ELEMENTARY 30 TO HIGH SCHOOL GREEN CHEESE ESTABLISHING CHASSIDUS AND MUSAR Moshiach & Science YESHIVAS TOMCHEI How should we regard Musar? Chinuch | Sholom Ber Crombie T’MIMIM IN AMERICA

OUR ASERES HA’DIBROS 34 Thought USA 744 Eastern Parkway Brooklyn, NY 11213-3409 Tel: (718) 778-8000 Fax: (718) 778-0800 GREEN CHEESE [email protected] 36 Moshiach & Science | Dr. Aryeh Gotfryd, PhD www.beismoshiach.org EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: M.M. Hendel ENGLISH EDITOR: Boruch Merkur ON THE HOME FRONT OF TOMCHEI HEBREW EDITOR: 38 T’MIMIM Rabbi Sholom Yaakov Chazan Feature | Dafna Chaim [email protected]

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d’var torah

careful attention to how he becomes “shivyo” — “his captive.” One should thus place great emphasis on VDIBARTA BAM: capturing and taking control, i.e. eliminating the weaknesses upon which the yeitzer hara preys.

Alternatively, the yeitzer hara KI TEITZEI works with excitement and alacrity, never tiring or giving up. The moment a person is off guard, the “yeitzer” captures him and he falls Sichos In English into his net and becomes “shivyo” — “his captive.” The way to counter his attack is by using his methods “When you will go out to war — you will surely be victorious (namely excitement and alacrity) in against your enemies, and G-d, because Hashem will hand him over the performance of mitzvot, fulfilling your G-d, will deliver them into to you. Hashem’s will with dedication and your hand.” (21:10) zeal. Thus, “by capturing” — i.e. QUESTION: Instead of “ki Alternatively, the Zohar using for Hashem — the methods teitzei lamilchamah” — “when you (Bamidbar 243:a), compares the through which the yeitzer hara will go out to war” — it should have inner struggle in man during prayer makes you “shivyo” — “his captive” said “ki tilcham im oyevecha” — to a time of war. “Your enemy,” the — you will ultimately capture him “when you will be at war with your yeitzer hara tries in every way to and rule over him. enemy”? distract the person and disturb his ANSWER: This parshah is read kavanah, and man endeavors very “And you will see among its during the month of Elul, the hard to overcome him. captivity a woman who is of optimal time for doing teshuvah; it is Therefore, Torah advises: The beautiful form, and you will desire not only discussing a physical war, ideal solution is “ki teitzei” — to “go her and you may take her for but is also alluding to man’s spiritual out” — i.e. one should leave his yourself for a wife.” (21:11) battle. Man has a yeitzer tov — good home and go to shul to daven with a QUESTION: Rashi writes, “lo inclination — and a yeitzer hara — minyan. There, one will eliminate dibrah Torah ela keneged yeitzer evil inclination. Each one fights to many distractions one encounters hara” — “The Torah spoke only in control man’s direction, and it is while praying at home, and the battle response to the evil inclination.” extremely difficult for man to with the yeitzer hara will be won What does Rashi want to exclude, by overcome his powerful yeitzer hara. easily. using the word “ela” — “only”? However, our sages (Shabbat 104a) ANSWER: The Gemara have declared that “haba letaheir “When you will go out to war (Yevamot 63a) states that although mesai’im oto” — “the one who against your enemies, and G-d, Rabbi Chiya’s wife mistreated him, wants to purify himself (improve his your G-d, will deliver them into he would bring her presents. In ways) is assisted from Heaven.” your hand and you will capture its puzzlement, Rav asked, “But she Similarly the Midrash Rabbah (Song captivity.” (21:10) causes agony to our teacher?” To of Songs 5:2) states that Hashem QUESTION: The word “shivyo” which Rabbi Chiya replied, “It is says to the Jewish people, “Make a — “its captivity” — literally means sufficient that she raises our children small opening (of teshuvah) like the “his captive.” Should not the pasuk and she saves us from sin” opening of a needle, and I will open have said, “shivyecha” — “your (“thoughts of immorality” — for you entrances through which captive” — or “shevi” — “a Rashi). caravans can pass.” captive”? Regarding the “yefat to’ar” — In encouraging man to do ANSWER: In wartime generals “woman of beautiful form” — the teshuvah, the Torah is assuring us try to determine the strategy of the Torah predicts that ultimately the that “ki teitzei lamilchamah” — if enemy and plan their defense child born from this marriage will you will only resolve to go out and accordingly. Similarly, in the battle end up being a “ben sorer umoreh” wage war “al oyevecha” — “against with the yeitzer hara — the evil — “a wayward and rebellious son.” the enemy” — i.e. the yeitzer hara inclination — a person should pay Thus, while all wives provide at least

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two benefits to their husbands one is preparing a document of the beloved “al penei” — “over the (raising the children and saving him “geirushin” — “divorce” — the term face of” — the hated one. Since the from sin), in this case, however, the used for month is “yerech.” forehead (which is the part of the husband may be spared improper Although the Torah permits face above the eyes) of the son of the thoughts caused by the evil bringing home a captive woman, it is hated one emerged first, he is inclination, but he will not derive not happy about it and hopes that lawfully the firstborn and entitled to through her the benefit of having his the captor’s desire will ultimately a double portion. children raised properly. evaporate and he will send her away. Hence, Rashi writes that the Hence, the Torah prescribes that “Then it shall be that on the day Torah permitted marrying her “ela when he brings home his captive that he causes his sons to inherit keneged yeitzer hara” — only for the woman, she must make herself that which he possesses.” (21:16) assistance she can offer in one’s unattractive and sit in mourning for QUESTION: battle with the yeitzer hara. The “yerech yamim” — a full month. The 1, The word “vehayah” indicates other benefit, however, which man term “yerech,” which is commonly a simchah — joy (Vayikra Rabbah expects to receive from a marriage, used in a divorce document, is used 11:7); what joy is the Torah alluding raising good children, does not apply here as an indication that ultimately to? in this case. he will divorce himself from her and 2. The words “et asher yiheyeh send her away. lo” — “that which he possesses”— “But it shall be that if you do seem extra; obviously his children not desire her, then you shall send “If a man will have two wives, can inherit only that which he has? her on her own.” (21:14) one beloved and one hated, and ANSWER: There are many QUESTION: Rashi writes, they bear him sons, the beloved one parents who pride themselves for “Scripture informs you that and the hated one, and the having given their children much eventually you will hate her.” Where firstborn son is the hated one’s — more than they had. They reminisce is the evidence for this in the he cannot give the right of the about their arrival in America, when parshah? firstborn to the son of the beloved they struggled to make a living, and ANSWER: When a man marries one ahead of the son of the hated they congratulate themselves for a woman, he gives her a ketubah — one, the firstborn.” (21:15, 16) providing their children with a a marriage contract. If he develops a QUESTION: The word “penei” comfortable lifestyle and the higher hatred for her, he gives her a get — — “ahead of” (literally “the face education that they lacked. a divorce. In each document the date of”) — seems superfluous. Could While it is good to give our is essential. In a ketubah the wording not the pasuk have said, “al ben children things we did not have, it is is; “so many days lechodesh — to hasenuah habechor” — “over the crucial not to forget to give our the month of....” In a get the firstborn son of the hated one”? children what we did have. Just as wording is; “so many days leyerach ANSWER: The Rambam our parents inculcated in us a love — to the month of....” The reason (Nachalot 2:2) rules that if one has for Torah and mitzvot, and inspired for the different names for “month” two wives who are giving birth at the us to be shomrei Torah u’mitzvot, it is as follows: The word “chodesh” is same time, and the forehead of one is incumbent upon us to instill in our related to the word “chadash” — baby emerges but delays in coming children the same dedication and “new,” and since when speaking of out, and in the interim the second devotion. Even when a parent helps marriage the Torah says “ki yikach woman’s baby emerges entirely, the his child to become a professional, ish ishah chadashah” — “when a first one (whose forehead only he should impress upon him to be a man marries a new wife” (23:5) emerged) is considered to be the Torah-observing professional. Hence, in the marriage contract for firstborn and receives a double The Torah therefore says his new wife, the month is called portion of inheritance. “vehayah” — it is worthy to rejoice “chodesh.” It may be that the pesukim about if one leaves as an inheritance to his The process of releasing one’s the “beloved” and “hated” wives are children not only that which he never self and his wife from their covenant alluding to this halachah. Thus, if had in his youth, but also “eit asher of marriage is known as “geirushin.” one has two wives, a beloved one yihyeh lo” — “that which he Since in the Torah there is the and a hated one, and the forehead of possesses” — i.e. the Torah expression “geresh yerachim” — the child of the hated one emerges upbringing which he received and which means “the yield of the first and afterwards the other child is the Torah lifestyle which he moons” (Devarim 33:14), we fully born, the father cannot give the practices. assume that this is a hint that when right of the firstborn to the son of

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“Then it shall be that on the day “bechor”: wayward and rebellious ‘einenu that he causes his sons to inherit 1. The letter beit is numerically shomei’a bekoleinu’ — ‘he does not whatever will be his... To give him equivalent to two times the alef that hearken to our voice.’ “ Since in the the double portion in all that is precedes it, the letter kaf is double household the mother’s opinion and found with him.” (21:16, 17) the letter yud preceding it, and the the father’s opinion were two QUESTION: In the first pasuk is letter reish, which has the numerical separate voices, the father should says, “yiheye lo” — “will be his” — value of 200, is double that of kuf have complained to the elders, “He and in the second pasuk it says which precedes it. These are the only does not hearken to my voice,” and “yimatzei lo” — “that is found with letters in the alef-beit whose the mother should have said, “He him.” Why is there an numerical values are double the does not hearken to my voice.” Why inconsistency? letters they follow. Thus, the title of do they say “einenu shomei’a ANSWER: According to the firstborn is composed of these bekoleinu” — “he does not hearken halachah, a firstborn receives one three letters, hinting to the fact that to our voice” — which suggests that portion more than his brothers. he receives a double portion. there was one unified voice in the However, this applies only to what 2. The beit, kaf, and reish are home? belonged to the father at the time of double the numbered value of the Often parents attempt to deny death and not to property acquired letter which precedes it. This is a the lack of absolute domestic unity posthumously, such as lottery hint that the bechor only receives a between them and blame their winnings. The first pasuk, which double portion of that which is problems on someone else. They are uses the term “yiheye lo” — “will be already “before” the sons when the actually saying to the elders, “We his” (in the future tense) — is inheritance takes place, but not of cannot comprehend why in our referring to assets acquired that which only becomes available home where there exists ‘koleinu’ — posthumously, in which all brothers afterwards. ‘a unified voice between us’ — our share equally. The second pasuk is son turned out stubborn and discussing the law of giving a “If a man will have a wayward rebellious.” firstborn a double portion, and this and rebellious son, who does not Undoubtedly, after careful applies only to that which is “yimatze hearken to the voice of his father analysis, the elders will reprove the lo” — “found with him” — at the and the voice of his mother.” parents and tell them, “While you time of his death. (21:18) may have deceived us for a short QUESTION: Why is the word while, you cannot fool your child “He must recognize the “bekol” — “to the voice” — who lives with you in your home. He firstborn... to give him the double repeated? It could have simply said, detected the lack of unity between portion in all that is found with “He does not hearken to the voice of you, and this brought him to his him.” (21:17) his father and mother”? current situation.” QUESTION: Why is a firstborn ANSWER: When a man and called a “bechor” in Hebrew? woman enter into marriage, it is “If a man will have a wayward ANSWER: According to the extremely important that they have and rebellious son.” (21:18) Torah, when a person dies his estate similar views and mutual goals for QUESTION: The Gemara is divided into equal parts with the the family they hope to raise. (Sanhedrin 71a) mentions an firstborn son receiving two parts Unfortunately, the husband and wife opinion that there never was a “ben while each of the other sons receive sometimes do not see eye to eye in sorer umoreh” nor will there ever be one. For example, if a man has three their aspirations for their children. one. The Gemara asks, “If so, why sons, the eldest receives half and the The Torah is telling us that when a was this portion written in the other two each receive a fourth. The child is exposed to a “kol aviv” — “a Torah?” and answers, “derosh halachah of a firstborn receiving an father’s voice” — and a “kol imo” — vekabeil sechar” — “study it and additional portion applies only to “a mother’s voice” — each one receive the reward for studying “muchzak” — an estate that is telling the child different things, it is To r a h . ” present at the time of the father’s possible that the child, receiving One is rewarded for studying any death. If the father had bought a mixed signals, may end up being part of the Torah. Why did the Torah lottery ticket and after his death his wayward and rebellious. include a totally hypothetical subject ticket wins, the entire prize is for the purpose of reward? divided equally among the three When the parents bring their ANSWER: Regarding the “ben brothers. child to the elders of the city, they sorer umoreh” referred to in the This is all alluded to in the word say to them, “This son of ours is Torah, there are many conditions to

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be met which make it virtually judges a person in accordance with sins. The Gemara (Bava Batra 17a), impossible for one to fall into that his present state and thus spared however, says that there were four category. Nevertheless, in our Yishmael’s life. An exception to the tzaddikim who never committed any society there are, unfortunately, rule is the case of the wayward and sins, and who only died because of many children who in a sense are rebellious child, to whom Torah “itiyo shel nachash” —the advice of wayward and rebellious. The gives two descriptions “sorrer” and the serpent to Chava, which is the Gemara is telling us that by carefully “moreh.” The word “moreh” can also source of death for humans. studying the portion of “ben sorer mean “a teacher.” Not only does he The Arizal explained the pasuk to umoreh” and learning its lessons, conduct himself badly, but he is also mean, “If there will be ‘ish’ — a one will acquire valuable insights teaching and influencing others to prominent person who is ‘cheit into raising children. This will, in follow suit. If he kept his actions to mishpat mavet’ — ‘lacking any turn, lead to a “great reward,” himself, the Torah would not take reason to deserve the judgment of namely children who will grow up in such a harsh stance toward him. death’ — i.e. totally innocent of any the proper way and bring nachas to However, he is being judged “al sins, and yet ‘vehumat’ — he was their parents. sheim sofo” — “by the end part of put to death by the Angel of Death, his name.” Since, in addition to ‘vetalita oto al eitz’ — you should “All the men of his city shall being a “sorer” — one who turns hang i.e. attribute his passing on the pelt him with stones and he shall away from Hashem — he is also a ‘eitz’ — the serpent’s advice to die and you shall remove the evil “moreh” — teaching others and Chava to eat the fruit of the from your midst.” (21:21) having a bad influence — and so he forbidden tree.” QUESTION: Rashi writes that must be stopped immediately. the “ben sorer umoreh” — “wayward “If you build a new house, you and rebellious son” — is put to “If a man shall have committed shall make a fence for your roof, so death “al sheim sofo” — “because of a sin whose judgment is death, and that you will not place blood in his end.” The Torah has determined he be put to death, and you shall your house if a faller falls from it.” his final intentions: Eventually he hang him on a gallows.” (21:22) (22:8) will consume his father’s wealth, and QUESTION: The words “cheit” QUESTION: The word when he cannot maintain his — “sin” — and “vehumat” — “and “mimenu” — “from it” — is extravagant habits, he will rob he be put to death” — are superfluous? people. Consequently, the Torah superfluous. It could have said, “If a ANSWER: The word “bayit” — said, ‘Let him die innocent and not man shall have a judgment of death, “house” — has the numerical value die guilty.’ “ and you shall hang him on a of four hundred and twelve. The The matriarch Sarah was gallows”? words “ma’akeh gagecha” — “fence displeased with Yishmael’s behavior ANSWER: When the great of your roof” — have the numerical and demanded that Avraham chase Kabbalist Rabbi Moshe Cordevero value of two hundred and forty-one. him out together with his mother, passed away, the Arizal delivered a By subtracting the numerical value Hagar. While she was wandering in eulogy based on this pasuk. He of “ma’akeh gagecha” (two hundred the wilderness of Beer-Sheva, an explained that the word “cheit” does and forty-one) from the word angel appeared and told her, “Fear not only mean “sin” but also means “bayit” (four hundred and twelve) not, for G-d has heeded the cry of “lack, miss” as in the pasuk, “Men, one hundred and seventy-one the youth ‘ba’asher hu sham’ — in all of whom could sling a stone at a remains, which is the numerical his present state” (Bereishit 21:17). hair ‘velo yachti’ — and not miss” value of the word “hanofeil” — “a Rashi explains, “Though the angels (Judges 20:16). Another example is faller.” pleaded with Hashem not to perform Batsheva’s statement to King David, The Torah is cautioning us that a miracle for Yishmael because his “Vehayiti ani ubeni Shlomo one who builds a new house should descendants would persecute and chata’im” — “I and my son Shlomo put a fence on the roof; otherwise, if murder Jews, Hashem refused to will be lacking (denied any he subtracts it from the house, i.e. listen and judged Yishmael prominence)” (I Kings 1:21, Rashi). does not put a fence on the roof, ‘according to his present state Man was originally created there will, G-d forbid, be “hanofeil” (deeds)’ — and not according to immortal. But when the serpent a “faller,” and this is evident what he would do in the future.” persuaded Chava to eat the fruit of “mimenu” — “from it” — from the Why is the ben sorer umoreh the forbidden Eitz Hada’at — Tree numerical value of the word “bayit” treated harsher than Yishmael? of Knowledge — she brought death less “ma’akeh gagecha.” ANSWER: In general, Hashem to the world; man would die for his

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chinuch VACATION TIME: WHAT PARENTS NEED TO KNOW AND DO

By Sholom Ber Crombie Translated By Michoel Leib Dobry

5) education that sets clear-cut As the holidays draw to a close and the boundaries. school year begins, we turned to Rabbi The interview with Rabbi Marton was conducted during the summer Dr. Ori Marton – lecturer in academics, bein ha’z’manim, when he sums up the previous scholastic year and guidance counselor, and skilled gives educational direction in preparation for the new one. educator. He analyzes the potential and As we began the interview, Rabbi Marton asked to say as a preface the pitfalls of holiday time, skillfully that from his point of view, davening guiding that most key figure who shapes is the most important thing for a child’s education: “Before all the the child’s behavior and values – the advice, opinions, tips, and ‘words of wisdom’ – the first thing is simply to parent. pray to G-d, and to ask the Rebbe every day for a bracha for success in During the decades he served as in education, such as “Shmerele educating one’s children. We must a teacher in Tzfas’ Ohr Menachem Bomba” – an imaginary descriptive plead and request from the depths Talmud Torah, Rabbi Dr. Ori character who accompanies the class of our souls that they should go in Marton was privileged to educate study throughout the year, or the the path of chassidus, and if hundreds of students, many of exemplary “Mitzvah Store” in possible, we should even do so three whom have gone on to become operation in his classroom. times a day. While this is essentially shluchim and educators themselves. In recent years, Rabbi Marton a spiritual manner, there’s also a In his role as an educator, Rabbi has served as an educational very practical aspect here. When Marton was known for his unique advisor, providing direction to children see that their father and approach and the original system parents and teachers alike in the mother really daven for this and that that he developed to capture the holy field of Jewish education. In his it touches their heart and soul, and hearts of his students and instill characteristically distinctive manner, when they notice how the volumes them with an original brand of he knows how to place an emphasis of Igros Kodesh at home are filled Chabad education. Alongside the in the right places, stressing with letters asking for success with Chabad authenticity, Rabbi Marton simplicity, feeling, and love, together their chinuch – it leaves a strong developed various unique methods with a clear and orderly style in impression upon the child, and he

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be at Mincha time, in order that he can daven as he should. If the father makes certain not to miss davening Mincha in a minyan, even in the middle on a trip to northern Israel, this leaves an indelible impression in the child’s mind. The child discovers his father primarily during bein ha’z’manim, and this point is very important for parents to consider. Children view bein ha’z’manim as a vacation from school and studies – how much can the parent really demand of them during this time? There’s also another side – parents who think that bein ha’z’manim is an appropriate time to educate their children and teach them to fulfill mitzvos with greater feels that his chassidic education is day at school, while his father is stringency, for example. They see extremely important to his parents.” learning, working, or involved in their role as strictly criticizing and other pursuits. controlling the child’s behavior Bein ha’z’manim affords him an MANAGING FOOD, much as would be done in school. opportunity to know more about his FUNDS AND Criticism can build a person, if father, for the benefit of both. you know how to present it FRUSTRATION Throughout such a period, the child constructively. However, in most What can parents do to achieve gets a renewed picture of his father cases that I have seen, it serves no success in their children’s and he is surprised to learn things purpose and the damage caused can education during the holidays? about him that he may not have had be considerable. For example, if the There are children and even opportunity to observe before. For child sleeps until a late hour, and parents who think that the bein example, the child notices if his the father “nudges” him to get up ha’z’manim is really a vacation – a father sets aside time for Torah and daven – the child usually will time when it’s possible to relax a study, whether or not he davens in a feel as if he’s living under “a little. This is a time to let the child minyan, and the stringency with totalitarian regime”. Even if he go a bit, a little less supervision, and which he adheres to these practices. eventually does get up and daven, not as much scrutiny of his actions The period of bein ha’z’manim the whole pleasant experience – or so they think. Such parents brings various opportunities. For associated with the avoda of conclude that since this time is example, families often take davening has been lost. designed for invigoration, they can advantage of the children being out In such a case, we have to know loosen the reins a little… of school to go on family outings. to take “the golden path”, and this is They couldn’t be more wrong. It When they’re out on a trip and it a doctrine unto itself. What is is during the bein ha’z’manim, when comes time to daven Mincha, just as extremely important is to be a the child’s world doesn’t revolved everyone is swimming in the Sea of lebedike baishpiel (a living example), around school, his teachers and his Galilee or crossing the river in a and it gives things a chance to principal, that he has the time and canoe – what does the father do? penetrate. If the child sees that Tatty opportunity to contemplate on his Does he wait until the last minute, gets up early in the morning and parents, to see exactly where they and daven near the car, or is he goes to the minyan even on his days are and what interests them. During already under pressure an hour off, and if he sees that Tatty is this period of time, every detail before sundown? Where will we stringent about saying brachos out carries even greater importance. daven Mincha? Where can we find a loud – this will have a far greater Over the regular course of the year, minyan? The father considers where effect upon the child than anything the child spends the majority of his they are going and where they will

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else possibly could. money for and what really arouses it’s not a game or an act – when his his interest. parents tell him that mivtzaim is an How can the parent transmit to Then, there’s the concept of his important matter, it’s because they the child the great value of Torah “kaas”. How does Mommy or Tatty really live it and mean it. study, Chassidishkait, and yiras make comments on certain things? The apple doesn’t fall far from Shamayim? What really annoys them? You have the tree. Our Sages, of blessed memory, a mother who will admonish her What is the best and most have said that a person is known by child with a tone of puzzlement, effective way to combine Torah his kos, his kis, and his kaas “You didn’t daven Mincha?”, and study with “vacation” time? (literally – his cup, his pocket, and then just a minute later, she Bein ha’z’manim is a time for his anger). We see this clearly in the screams, “And you also didn’t clean learning Torah. I have heard field of education. The children up your room!!” The child clearly educators complaining that from the learn to recognize us through the understands what’s important to his time they part from their students at little things. mother. Davening is secondary to the start of Menachem Av, to when A child notices and sees what organizing the room, as failure to do they meet them again at the start of really interests his father. Tatty can the latter is really what gets her Elul, they seem totally different. Let talk all day about how very upset. the truth be said: There are children important it is to learn Torah and to The child picks up on all these who don’t even open a seifer for the utilize the days of bein ha’z’manim little nuances and details that appear whole month of bein ha’z’manim. effectively. He even tells his son, quite trivial to us. Some matters get Other children, who do manage to “Zalmy, go to shul and learn nothing more than a token response, learn something, don’t do so in an Gemara.” But the boy picks up on whereas others are deemed more orderly manner. Their father said what really arouses his father’s critical and take up a lot more time that they have to learn something, so interest. Does he get all excited and attention. The child learns from they opened a seifer and did him a when he can hear the sound of his us far more than we think he does, favor. Once they did the daily son’s learning, or when he reads the and therefore, a parent must give Chitas, once they learned some upsetting news in the papers at considerable attention to conducting Mishna, and on another occasion, breakfast? him/herself as a lebedike baishpiel, they looked in Igros Kodesh. Most When the father comes home showing concern over truly children don’t have an organized from shul and tells the mother “how important matters. program of learning during this nicely Zalmy davened in shul”, yet period of time, and as a result, their immediately afterwards, he moves PROPER CONDUCT study schedule goes into a total on to far more “important” matters, DURING VACATION TIME decline. he realizes that his father’s It is the parents’ responsibility to enthusiasm with his davening was How do we get through bein make certain that the child’s Torah just an act. The child sees clearly ha’z’manim properly, without any study doesn’t deteriorate completely, what his father’s interests are – what educational problems that can even during the days of bein his “kos” is. emerge during this time? ha’z’manim. It’s meant to be a time Similarly, we find regarding his When a parent comes to ask me for invigoration, not disintegration. “kis”. The child discovers what at the start of bein ha’z’manim how How much did the Rebbe cry out on things his father is really prepared to it’s possible to make it through the the concept of vacation? While pay for. For example, when the child vacation in peace, I tell him that he’s vacation is a fact of life, it shouldn’t asks for a new toy, his father tells coming a bit late. A parent who be totally hefker. him, “We have no money, because wants to know how to get through The first thing is the time of we’re saving for more important and the vacation in peace thinks he can waking up in the morning. It’s true appropriate things: Mendy has to go “pull one over” on his child… that during bein ha’z’manim, the to camp, Yitzy has to travel to the If the father is a real chassid, child doesn’t have to wake up at six Rebbe this year – that’s what’s really occupied in the Rebbe’s affairs both or seven o’clock, but he has to know important right now.” However, he before and after bein ha’z’manim, that there is a set time for getting up finds out afterwards that Tatty then the child will see that Tatty is and he can’t just sleep until the bought a new screen for his home really a soldier of the Rebbe even on afternoon. When the child gets up in computer or a new-generation vacation, customarily going out on an orderly manner, he is much more mobile phone… The child notices mivtzaim out of a sense of true likely to daven in a minyan. From what his father is really saving his interest and concern. He sees that there it’s easier for his day to be well

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organized and not characterized by casting off the yoke of Torah and mitzvos. Secondly, there must be an organized schedule of Torah study. In our home, for example, after Tisha B’Av, we hang a note on the refrigerator with the words Yeshivas Bein HaZ’manim, where we list each of the children’s Torah study schedules. One hour in the morning after breakfast, they learn something by heart and are tested by their parents. Then, there are two set hours during the afternoon (breaks included), when they learn specific material each day of bein ha’z’manim: the older boys primarily learn a section of Gemara, while the girls learn Seifer HaMitzvos and the like. The children must know that even during this period, there are regular set times for Torah study Suddenly, the child starts coming home that should be kept without exception. Thus, even if it doesn’t with bad reports from the melamed in always work out to learn at exactly the same time, it’s possible to take a Talmud Torah, and the parents simply break and continue the learning later. However, the children don’t understand where all this remember that during these hours nonsense got into his head. For us and every day, they are in a framework of Torah study. Even when they on a our children, inactivity is Public Enemy trip or visiting their cousins, they realize that this time is set aside for #1. learning. As a result, such children appear that there must not be any vacuum. very appropriate educational totally different when the month of The Torah teaches us that if the pit booklets and crafts, plus games Elul rolls around, as they were not is empty and contains no water – it designed for several to play cut off from their studies. We can thereby must contain snakes and together. It’s a time to exercise see in their eyes at the end of the scorpions. During bein ha’z’manim, creativity and imagination while vacation how they had been to our great regret, despite all the channeling it in a positive way. I can spending their time. stringencies, there is still plenty of give my own personal example: Just free time for children and we first before the Nine Days, I drove to a “I’M BORED” have to sit down and plan this free carpentry shop in Tzfas’ industrial time out. We must think about what zone, and I bought a large wooden Another subject is how free time to do with the children so that even surface, which we cut into a is spent during bein ha’z’manim. this time off will be organized, and thousand little pieces. Thus, for a Rabbi Marton has a set of guidelines not have an “empty pit”, a vacuum very small price, we prepared a regarding this time as well, which in into which they can fall. thousand wooden toy blocks, and no ways diminishes the importance It’s possible to prepare the younger children sat with the of positive occupation even during appropriate books, games, and blocks for hours and built and the time not devoted to Torah study. activities to fill the leisure time. built… Their free time was filled, “The general principle here is Today, there’s a wide selection of not wasted.

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When a mother sees that his eyes. They will seem empty of and concern to your child, child is bored with no organized substance, lacking all the colorful explaining how the matter is of activities to occupy his time, she audio-visual content found in the primary importance and pertains to tells him, “Take two shekels and go computer. him as much as it does to you, then buy yourself a popsicle.” The main When a child sits for hours every the child not only accepts the thing is that he should “get off her day on computer games – how will restrictions, he also receives the soul back” and not nudge her that he’s he be drawn afterwards to a blat of education. bored. But not enough thought is Gemara or a chassidic maamer!? Let’s take the example of a home given to what happens next. All too Thus, the child’s learning takes on a where the father goes to kollel and often he goes and buys his popsicle, less favored status. Even when a learns Torah, based on the ideal of and then he wanders around for parent manages to enliven his child’s conducting a Torah lifestyle. When hours with nothing to do – and who appreciation of Torah study, the one of the children in this family knows whom he meets or where Gemara still finds itself in asks for new shoes for Yom Tov, just he’s spending hours on end! This competition with the computer. like all his friends got, the parents can be a gateway to disaster. tell the child, “Have you forgotten Quite often, we don’t But what do we do when the that Tatty sits and learns Torah!? We immediately see the destructive outside world is filled with such don’t have any money to buy new results, but some time later, this fascinating attractions? Can we shoes!” This leaves the child with poison has developed in the child’s simply close the child into his the impression that if he wants to brain. Then, at the end of Elul, the Dalet Amos? buy shoes for his own children, he parents wring their hands helpless as That’s just the point. Once shouldn’t go out and learn Torah… they learn about all types of people thought that they could be He says to himself: “For now, I have incidents that happened to their smart and just hide the computer. no choice. I have to accept the fact darling angel. Suddenly, the child “We’ll hide the computer,” they that my father doesn’t work. But starts coming home with bad reports said, “and we’ll have a little quiet.” when I grow up, I’ll enter the from the melamed in Talmud Torah, Today, we know that simply doesn’t business world and earn money.” and the parents simply don’t work, and the child knows where he In contrast, if we share the understand where all this nonsense can get access to such things. If you tremendous experience of Torah got into his head. For us and our don’t give it to him at home, he can study with the child, if Tatty shows children, inactivity is Public Enemy obtain it elsewhere, and there it will how earnest he is and thereby #1. be much worse. infects his son with enthusiasm for The same applies regarding the We have to know how to convey holiness, if the child becomes part of subject of computers. This device this message to the child. It’s not the whole idea – there is a far exists already in countless homes, enough just to pack away the greater chance that the child will be enticing the children with games and computer; we really have to instill properly educated and follow his other attractions. I’m not coming within him the idea that he has father in the study of Torah. The here to preach and declare if plenty of other things to occupy his main rule is: Talk with your child, something is “kosher” or “pasul”, time in a constructive manner, and not just to him. but certainly this pursuit must be to understand him and what he feels Even in our own ranks within the restricted to certain set and limited he’s missing. This is the difference Chabad communities, there exists programs and hours. between talking to the child and the ideal of shlichus and self- It is simply unacceptable for the talking with him. You have to talk sacrifice for the Rebbe, and we must computer to be within ready access with your child and get him to take instill our vitality and enthusiasm at all hours of the day (and night… part so that he will feel that it into our children. We must tell them ), where any child can sit in front of pertains to him as well, just as it that we are the Rebbe’s chassidim in it for hours and hours. But the job is does to his parents. such a way that they’ll also buy into not over once all the computers are There are parents who try to give the idea. It’s not only that he’ll know under strict supervision with safe over to their child what they grew that in our house we don’t buy new Internet, and every disk that enters up with, but they manage only to shoes or this is the way we do things the house passes careful inspection. impose the strict regulations that around here and that’s it; he’ll get a As a result of the child’s addiction to their parents had imposed, without message about something more the computer, all those things that any vitality or feeling that they have pleasant and not something we do are truly dear and holy to us will relevance to him. However, if you because we have no choice in the already have lost their worth in his succeed in conveying a sense of care matter.

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Regarding things that require a Chabad Talmud Torah in Tzfas, the degree of sacrifice, we must meet mashpia Rabbi Moshe Mordechai the child halfway and understand Ehrenstein said to me: “You enter him and the personal sacrifice that the classroom and think that you’re he is prepared to make. We must an outstanding teacher, and what show this proper recognition by would the Rebbe possibly do without giving him a word of encouragement you?...For you are enlisting in the and explaining to him how much his Rebbe’s army and taking your place parents appreciate his efforts. on the field of education… Another point: You have to find a However, the truth is that the Rebbe replacement for the impossible. Our manages to bypass you and reach Sages, of blessed memory, tell us the children, despite the fact that that for everything that Torah you’re standing there.” forbids, it permits us something We know that in the end, similar in its place. If we’re everything depends on the Rebbe’s constantly telling our child what’s bracha. We say: “Rebbe, these are forbidden, he’ll fail to realize the your children!” Thus, there’s a good aspect to everything. chance that we will merit to receive I see children (usually the a bracha. children of shluchim) getting There are so many “experts”, so candies in shul, and they Vacation is not just much advice, and so many people immediately run to their father to offering it – yet so many problems… ask if they’re allowed to eat it – if it a time when people Once, we thought that we could has a “good hechsher”. In contrast, tell him “No”; they know why this child is lazy and why we sometimes see children who hear this child doesn’t like to learn… We “no” or “not allowed” far too often, also make an ascribed such things to a variety of and when they get a candy, they eat reasons. Today, it’s quite clear to it right away before anyone can tell effort and show everyone that these analyses simply them that they can’t. This is what don’t apply. We see children coming happens when they don’t get a him how to see from wonderful homes, and from replacement for the “no”. good and flourishing communities – It’s important to recognize the things in a more and then suddenly, without any difficulty a child faces and harness proper light. apparent reason, they drop out. it. Identify with the child and lead On the other hand, there are also him in the right direction. This is instances with opposite results, i.e., also connected to the concept of vacation, bringing chassidic stories children who come from not-so- bein ha’z’manim. Here too, we can to emphasize the point. In this chassidic homes, yet they turn out to tell our children, “Come, let’s see manner, the child internalizes the be tremendously chassidishe how we can spend the vacation fact that vacation is not a time for bachurim with a passion for together.” In this fashion, the child disorder. Even if it seems that he learning. Naturally, we have an gets a picture that vacation is not doesn’t like to hear it, he will obligation to do our utmost – but just a time when people tell him remember afterwards that the matter what formula do we have for “No”; they also make an effort and is very important to his mother and success in our children’s education? show him how to see things in a father, and eventually what is We only have to ask and plead in more proper light. important to the parents passes on our prayers for the help of Heaven Above all, we must give our to the children. While it may not in matters of education, and G-d children the feeling that this is not appears so at first, the child does get will surely come to our aid. the time to break the yoke and run the message. This article is dedicated in the name of wild. Bein ha’z’manim is the time to Would you care to sum it up? countless parents whose sons were refresh ourselves and gather our We need to daven a lot. We must privileged to receive their education from strength. There is no vacation ch”v pray to G-d that He should give us Rabbi Marton during his tenure at Ohr from yiras Shamayim and chassidic success in the holy avoda of Menachem Talmud Torah in Tzfas. conduct. We can tell our children educating our children. that the Rebbe never took a When I started teaching in the

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insight CHASSIDUS AND MUSAR

By Yisroel Yehuda In the month of Elul students of Musar focus on the fear of judgment before

^^^^ Hashem on the high holy days. How ^^^^ does Chassidus regard Musar? What ^^^ differences are there between the two approaches? Where and when did the Musar movement begin? How did the Rebbeim relate to the study of Musar? * Part 1 of 2

SLAP ON THE BACK R’ Pinchas remained silent and negates that emotion.” IN THE MIKVA the discussion came to an end. On In order to understand the Friday, while R’ Schick was Rebbeim’s attitude towards Musar, The gaon R’ Chanoch Henoch bathing at the bath house, one of we must begin with some Schick – Rosh Av Beis Din in the simple folk slapped him on the background. Musar has existed for Shklov and leader of this bastion back like an old friend. R’ Schick centuries. “Genuine baalei Musar” of opposition to Chassidus – once instantly realized that his son was as they are referred to in various asked his son, the gaon and involved and when he returned places, wrote fundamental sifrei Chassid R’ Pinchas Reizes when home and asked him about it, his Musar such as Chovos HaLevavos the latter returned from Liadi: son admitted that yes, he had set it (written approximately in 1040), “What did Chassidus innovate?” up. “How did you feel Father, at Reishis Chochma (1518-1592), His son replied, “Chassidus that moment?” he questioned. and Mesillas Yesharim (1707- innovated bittul ha’yeshus.” His father said, “In my heart I 1746). Maharal (1520-1609) also “By learning Musar you can minded but because I had studied wrote s’farim in the style of Musar also attain humility and bittul!” his the Shaar HaAnava I didn’t say a and the holy Shla (1565-1630), father countered. word.” author of Shnei Luchos HaBris His son asked, “Father, where Replied R’ Pinchas also incorporated Musar to some are you up to in your study of triumphantly, “Now you know the degree. Reishis Chochma (a classic Musar difference between Musar and These s’farim were not a shita work) now?” Chassidus. If you would learn (approach) or a movement, but His father answered, “Shaar Chassidus, you wouldn’t have Torah. Whoever sought G-d, HaAnava (the Gate of Humility).” minded, either, because Chassidus especially Torah scholars who were

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burnt. Due to pressure from the government he sent two of his greatest students to study medicine. He assumed that since they were knowledgeable in Shas and poskim, they would remain unharmed. Unfortunately, however, the two students were caught in the web. As the Rebbe Rashab writes in a letter, “R’ Yisroel Salanter z”l already experimented in the early years, by giving two of his greatest students to study medicine. One converted and the other (whom I knew) did not convert but was like a gentile in all respects …”[2] The Litvishe world began to realize that yiras Shamayim is not the automatic acquisition of a ben Torah who spends all his time learning. They began to understand that in order to bolster the yiras Shamayim of a ben Torah, what was needed was a consistent and fundamental study of those things which lead to it. That is how the Musar movement began. R’ Yisroel Salanter developed an entire approach to the matter. The Chassidic movement – painting by Chassidic artist Zalman Kleiman He was a charismatic speaker and experts in Shas and poskim, HaT’shuva twenty times and his sermons drew large crowds. He learned sifrei Musar. We know that certain chapters in Derech Chaim set up “battei Musar” so nobody the Alter Rebbe, before he bonded [1] would be ashamed to divulge his with the Maggid of Mezritch, was inner failings and where they could a “Shla Yid,” and he conducted be inspired by divrei Musar HOW DID THE MUSAR without worrying lest someone himself according to the holy MOVEMENT BEGIN? Shla’s teachings. mock them. The beis ha’musar was We find that Chassidim would The Musar movement began in open all the time for anyone who study sifrei Musar in order to approximately 5600/1840. Rabbi wanted to pour out his heart to refine their middos. For example, Yisroel Lipkin of Salant, who was Hashem. one of the mashpiim in Tomchei the student of Rabbi Yosef Zundel He composed a moving niggun T’mimim in Lubavitch, R’ of Salant, began disseminating his with which sifrei Musar were Chanoch Hendel, who was known new approach. Until then, the learned. This niggun is different for his refined middos, once told Litvish-Misnagdic world only than the one used to learn the Rebbe Rayatz how he achieved considered the study of Shas and Gemara. It was a sad tune that this. “For ten years I studied poskim as important, but as the aroused the heart while the person Shaarei T’shuva of Rabbeinu Yona winds of haskala which blew from learning Musar pictured the harsh (d. 1263), Chareidim (1533- Berlin swept away many of the punishments that were prepared 1600), Reishis Chochma, Pikeiach finest Torah scholars, it became for a sinner, even for minor sins Ivrim [the latter is a Chabad apparent that something more was and it aroused fear in the hearts of work], and I learned Igeres needed. R’ Yisroel himself was all those in the beis Musar.[3] R’ Salanter did not write any

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The voice of R’ Yechezkel could be heard Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe. above the voices of the hundreds of CHASSIDUS AND bachurim as he wordlessly hummed, “Ai MUSAR “One G-d said Toras yai ai…” Voices rose and tears were HaChassidus and Toras HaMusar and they were given by shed until a hand banged on the bima one Shepherd. And yet, there is a great difference between them” – and the numerous voices switched to a the Rebbe Rayatz wrote in a letter. In the writings of the Rebbeim, ‘V’Hu rachum’ which froze the blood in Toras HaMusar is defined and the one’s veins. difference between it and Toras HaChassidus are noted. In one of his letters, the Rebbe sifrei Musar. He encouraged the the hundreds of bachurim as he MH”M describes the difference learning of the earlier Musar wordlessly hummed, “Ai yai ai …” between them in their effect on the works and reprinted some of them. Voices rose and tears were shed person who learns it: He also publicized articles that until a hand banged on the bima One of the differences between were published later on by his and the numerous voices switched learning Toras HaMusar and talmidim in a work called Ohr to a ‘V’Hu rachum’ which froze learning Toras HaChassidus … Yisroel. the blood in one’s veins.” the study of Musar in general The following is a brief The Musar movement split into lowers, and consequently shrinks, description of how Musar was various approaches: Slobodka – by the one who learns it; the study learned in the Mirrer yeshiva with Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel, of Chassidus uplifts a person and the mashgiach R’ Yerucham emphasized the elevation of man expands him (even though, Levovitz, a second generation since he is the ultimate creation. obviously there are inyanim in student of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter Consequently, his students shaved Musar that lead to simcha and and one of his successors:[4] and dressed in European fashions expansion and there are inyanim “We opened the door about ten … There was Novardok, which in Chassidus that lead to minutes before the end of Maariv, was the opposite of Slobodka in submission and diminishment.[5] while the bachurim were learning that it emphasized self- The Rebbe Rayatz writes Musar. About 500 bachurim had denigration. There was also the similarly: their voices raised in the mournful Talmud Torah of Kelm which was Toras HaMusar and Toras Musar niggun. R’ Yerucham stood founded by R’ Simcha Zissel Ziv HaChassidus – both explain that there, hands in his sleeves as he Broida, the Alter of Kelm. the physical world is vanity and surveyed the scene.” As the Musar approach spread, the main things are Torah and It goes on to say: new Musar works were written mitzvos. However, the difference “After the bachurim ate the starting with the Ohr Yisroel of R’ between them is: Musar explains (Shabbos) third meal in their Yisroel Salanter and many more how the body and the world are private apartments they returned down to our time. secondary and Chassidus to the beis midrash, which was Now that we’ve taken this brief explains how the soul and G-dly dark, without light and without survey, we can distinguish between energy are primary, thus s’farim. Each one chose a line that the ancient Toras HaMusar which explaining the Divine intention in had special meaning to him, a served as a foundation of the creation of physical things, to quote from Mesillas Yesharim, Chassidus, and the Musar make them tools for G- Pirkei Avos or a maamer Chazal. Movement which was a behavioral dliness.[6] He would say it over and over code that brought the study of Elsewhere, the Rebbe compares without shame and without fear – Musar to the yeshivos. This it to bitter and sweet medication: after all, it was dark. The voice of resulted in new sifrei Musar and We see in the field of healing R’ Yechezkel Levenstein (who was produced famous baalei Musar that it may come either through the mashgiach after R’ Yerucham) such as Rabbi Eliyahu Lopian, bitter or sweet medication and could be heard above the voices of Rabbi Sholom Schwadron and the difference is obvious,

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especially when the treatment is not a one-time matter. In general, the derech of Musar is different in this than the derech of Chassidus, for what Musar is about is, as its name implies, rebuke. I.e. the emphasis is on those things and traits which are not good etc., whereas Chassidus emphasizes the preciousness and elevation of the soul, (though this requires negating all those things which impede elevation of the soul).[7] In another letter, the Rebbe presents two ways to keep a thief at bay: This is, somewhat, the The Rebbe Rashab The Rebbe Rayatz advantage of Chassidus over Musar. As we know in the There are two ways to guard against a analogy of the Baal Shem Tov that there are two ways to guard thief: by crying out “there is a thief!” against a thief: by crying out “there is a thief!” and chasing and chasing him away, in which case, him away, in which case, after after some time the thief returns, or by some time the thief returns, or by apprehending him so that he no apprehending him so that he no longer longer has the ability (or the desire) to steal again. That is the has the ability (or the desire) to steal difference between Musar and Chassidus.[8] again. That is the difference between In kuntres Toras HaChassidus the Rebbe Rayatz explains at Musar and Chassidus. length the three shitos (methods, systems) in Judaism: shitas people asked the Rebbe Rayatz and was surprising to me in which ha’musar, shitas ha’chakira the Rebbe MH”M whether they you write that the men learn (philosophy), and Toras should learn Musar. Gemara, Chumash, Dinim and HaChassidus. The Rebbe explains If we examine the following you don’t mention Chovos the advantage in each one and its letters, we will see that the general HaLevavos …”[9]. The Rebbe place in avodas Hashem and shows approach to Toras HaMusar (and goes on to say that today it is how Chassidus incorporates the not so much to the more recently better to learn Chassidus than other two shitos and elevates them. developed approach by that name) Musar. is positive, though clearly The Rebbe Rayatz writes more Chassidus supersedes it. explicitly to yeshivas Torah Vodaas: CHASSIDUS Therefore, someone who is able to It is extremely necessary for VERSUS MUSAR learn Chassidus is gently guided to the hanhala ruchnis to pay The Musar Movement and the do so but someone who isn’t ready attention to strengthening Musar, learning of Musar in yeshivos for it is encouraged to learn through someone who is expert began in the time of the Rebbe Musar. in this, and to strengthen the Rashab. It spread through large In a letter from 5714, the supervision in matters of yiras segments of the Litvishe world and Rebbe expresses surprise that he Shamayim.[10] in the period following the doesn’t mention that Chovos For those who were more Holocaust, it reached some of the HaLevavos is learned in yeshiva … receptive, the Rebbe explains the Chassidishe yeshivos too. Some “Therefore the end of your letter advantage of Toras HaChassidus.

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THE REBBE FEEDS THE TALMIDIM rubles every month for them even though his own WHO LEARNED MUSAR financial situation was poor, but he refused to take them under his auspices! In a long letter, the Rebbe Rayatz explains the The men looked at one another in surprise – the advantage of Tomchei T’mimim and a Chassidishe Rebbe was willing to support them but wasn’t education. He tells a fascinating story about interested in their learning Chassidus?! bachurim from other yeshivos who came and asked “I explained to them that there are two for his help. approaches to learning and guidance, the approach 1926. Terror reigned. The communist sword of the Ashkenazim and the approach of the confounded the world, scholars and simple folk Chassidim. Both approaches, when done for the alike. Chassidim and non-Chassidim alike were sake of Heaven, are divrei Elokim chayim. Each of bewildered in the face of the brutality with which these approaches had their leaders. However, when the new regime took over every aspect of the the ‘chaos of the demon’ comes along, it is the personal lives of the Russian people. obligation of every G-d fearing person to help all Only one voice could be heard from one end of those who learn Torah without getting into what Russia to the other, the voice of the Rebbe Rayatz their approaches are and I will fulfill this obligation who waged open warfare against the mightiest with all my strength.” propaganda and death machine in the world. The Rebbe committed, in the first stage, to Three men, obviously b’nei Torah who were support them for the next four months. The Rebbe proud of who they were, visited the Rebbe. The did set some rules: Rebbe received them graciously. Their leader said, “Nevertheless, I do not forget the old-time “We are from Slutzk and in our city there is a boundaries established in days of yore and the yeshiva with 25 talmidim who learn assiduously, are spiritual integrity of those approaches remains in proficient in Rishonim and Acharonim, and are force as they always were. Just as I will not forego great innovators with brilliant logic. Unfortunately, even a moment from the time designated for the the hand of the communists has fallen upon us and study of Chassidus in the yeshivos that are we have no money to uphold the yeshiva and we Chassidish, so too I will not require even a moment will starve or have to close the yeshiva. So we came of studying Chassidus in those yeshivos that follow here with an offer. If you can support us every the approach of the Ashkenazim.” The Rebbe also month, in exchange for your assistance we will spoke of the need to learn diligently until the last study Chassidus with whoever you send to us. We minute of the study periods. see that the talmidim of your yeshiva play a major Down the road, that yeshiva closed because of a role in the spiritual life of the Jews of this country.” dispute between the leaders of the yeshiva and the The Rebbe asked them to wait a day or two for Litvishe leaders. Only three months after the Rebbe a response. began funding their yeshiva, they told the Rebbe “I knew that within their talmidim, that they were leaving the city. notwithstanding their knowledge of Torah, a worm What the Rebbe envisioned came to pass. Five ate at them. Aside from that, I did not want the talmidim went to Minsk. Another eight went to study of Chassidus to be sold for a slice of bread, learn in Tomchei T’mimim, and the remaining i.e. that in exchange for my support they would twelve turned Left in orientation. learn Chassidus.” The Rebbe concluded, “I wrote about this at The bachurim returned at the appointed time to length in order to add flavor to the meaning of the hear the Rebbe’s response. The Rebbe praised their words, “and separated us from those who err and desire to continue learning despite the gave us the Torah of truth …” circumstances and said he was willing to allot 120 (Excerpted from a letter of the Rebbe Rayatz, vol. 2 p. 101)

In continuation of one of the thinking and contemplating evil did not derive the appropriate letters quoted above, the difference or at least that which is not conclusion, i.e. he was between Chassidus and Musar is good. This is unlike Chassidus unsuccessful in actually explained. The Rebbe writes about which emphasizes gazing upon correcting himself, at least he those involved in Musar: “How and contemplating the “glory of spent his time on knowledge of did he spend his time? By the King” … for then, even if he the G-d of his father, in gazing

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upon that which is good, holiness and knowledge of G-dliness. But 4-HaPardes shana 64, choveres 2 etc.[11] the learning of Musar does not 5-Igros Kodesh vol. 5 p. 177 The Rebbe Rayatz responded to require crying and a sad mood, 6-Igros Kodesh Rebbe Rayatz vol. 3 p. someone that Musar is a good nor necessarily the ideas of death 548 introduction to learning Chassidus: and punishment, Gehinom and Learning Musar is very the like.[12] 7-vol. 17 p. 56 necessary because learning [To be continued G-d willing] 8- vol. 17 p. 215 Musar and Chassidus is like 9- vol. 9 p. 82 plowing and sowing. Musar NOTES: 10-Igros Kodesh Rebbe Rayatz vol. 5 softens the heart and peels away 1-Likutei Dibburim vol. 2 p. 264 its fattiness and Chassidus is 2- Igros Kodesh Rebbe Rashab vol. 5 11-Igros Kodesh vol. 5 p. 177 good planting, and from both p. 14 together comes the growth of 12-Igros Kodesh Rebbe Rayatz vol. 7 3-from a description of Rabbi Yisroel good middos and yiras Shamayim p. 135 Salanter

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BEIS MOSHIACH Issue 754 19 754_Beis Moshiach 15/08/2010 6:56 PM Page 20

15 elul ESTABLISHING YESHIVAS TOMCHEI TMIMIM IN AMERICA

By Shneur Zalman Berger The work the Rebbe Rayatz did when he arrived in America as a refugee – in poor health and with no financial resources – is simply astounding. In just ten years he founded a network of yeshivos across America! * Presented for 15 Elul, the 113th anniversary of the founding of Yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim by the Rebbe Rashab.

NOBODY IMAGINED The Drottingholm blew a long blast of its whistle and slowly entered pier 97 on West 57 in New York on 9 Adar, 5700/1940. A gangplank was soon placed and the Rebbe Rayatz debarked along with his family, all survivors of the Holocaust. The Rebbe and those with him were exhausted and broken. They had escaped with not much more than the clothes on their backs. Most of their valuable belongings and the huge library, pride of Lubavitch, had been left behind in Eastern Europe. After a festive reception attended by thousands, the Rebbe arrived at the Greystone hotel. At a smaller

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Talmidim of Achei T’mimim in the 1930’s. From right to left: Dovber Baumgarten, Avrohom Dov Hecht, Yitzchok Ebert, Yitzchok Greenberg, Yitzchok Dovid Groner, Aryeh Leib Ebert, Berel Levy

reception at the hotel the Rebbe Dibburim): enthusiastic reception in which surprised those present when he Two distinguished people came g’dolei Yisroel were honored, dropped this bombshell: I have the to me, long-time American immediately sank into the pleasure of announcing a decision citizens, from the best of my American coldness and those that was made at a special devoted and loyal friends and honorable g’dolei Yisroel were meeting of unique individuals of they said to me, “We heard what forgotten and abandoned as Anash a few hours ago, that at you said at the reception and we though they were outside the the Oneg Shabbos shul, yeshivas attended the founding meeting of camp. Tomchei T’mimim Lubavitch of yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim “… We are telling you only a America will open tomorrow! Lubavitch in America, but small portion of what we need to The Rebbe made it clear that he unfortunately we must tell you say. We want you to have a clear wasn’t operating under any about the pathetic spiritual state picture of the situation so you illusions. Though he had come to of America. We are saddened to will know how to deal with your modern America where nearly tell you that your great hopes of mission - the work of askanus in everybody removed their beard, he spreading Torah and fear of America.” had brought with him the authentic Heaven and kosher Jewish The Rebbe was single-minded image of Eastern European Jewry. education as you imagine it from in his ideas but that doesn’t mean The Rebbe did not suffice with this the Jewish home in Europe is not that he was indifferent to these pronouncement but asked people at all realistic in America, despite warnings. On the contrary, they for their assistance: the greatest efforts. shook him up. I hope to Hashem that the “We must save you from a It is unnecessary to describe rabbanim, geonim, mosdos Torah catastrophic state and how I felt when I heard this from and supporters of Torah with fear embarrassing failure and protect my most loyal and beloved of Heaven, together with my the honor of your great ancestors, followers and the tears that fell friends Anash at their head, will the holy Rebbeim, may their from my eyes when I recited my come to my aid in perpetuating merit protect us.” first Shma in America … my work in spreading Torah and The two of them explained the One week after the Rebbe set fear of Heaven and in communal American mentality: foot in America, the first Chassidic work. “America is a land that yeshiva was founded. On 15 Adar Apparently the Rebbe’s devotees consumes the great and worthy; it II, Shushan Purim, about twenty did not feel the same determination consumes the greatest of the great bachurim gathered in the Oneg and courage as he did. They did who just arrived here and within Shabbos shul in East Flatbush in not want him to live under the a short time turns him, without Brooklyn and started yeshivas illusion that his dreams were any mercy, into the smallest of Tomchei T’mimim Lubavitch in realistic and they did not want him the small. America is a land of America. to be made a fool of, and so they fleeting fanatical enthusiasm The combination of those words tried to cool his enthusiasm as the which ends in coldness and “Tomchei T’mimim” and Rebbe himself described in his indifference. It has happened “America” was absolutely diary (printed in Likkutei dozens of times before that a very incongruous, but the Rebbe but

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THE NETWORK OF YESHIVOS went to the yeshiva in New Haven while R’ Fogelman, FOUNDED IN FIVE YEARS! who had been in Worcester for a short while, returned and from then until today, for over 60 years, he is the The rate at which yeshivos were founded in shliach and menahel of the yeshiva in Worcester. America is astonishing: 23 Av, 1943 – Buffalo – R’ Fogelman mentioned 15 Adar II, 5700 – New York – the Rebbe above founded and ran this yeshiva at first. On 23 Av Rayatz, upon his arrival in New York, opened yeshivas there was a founders meeting. A few months went by Tomchei T’mimim and the number of talmidim grew and the yeshiva 3 Cheshvan, 5702 – Montreal – Nine talmidim moved into a new building. In the next stage the from Tomchei T’mimim in Otvotsk, who escaped to yeshiva expanded and the rabbanim and members of Shanghai and arrived in Canada, opened yeshivas the board of the yeshiva asked the Rebbe to send an Tomchei T’mimim assistant. Kislev, 5702 – Pittsburgh – the yeshiva was Rabbi Lifschitz, a rav in Buffalo, was taken on as started by Rabbi Mordechai Altein. He arrived there an assistant to R’ Fogelman. At the end of the summer on shlichus in Kislev and after much effort, the 1946, R’ Fogelman left to run the yeshiva in yeshiva was opened before Pesach. Already in the first Worcester as mentioned above. few months, 60 talmidim learned there in three Cheshvan, 5704 – Rochester – the directorship classes. Other T’mimim were sent to help him in his was given over to Rabbi Tzvi Shusterman who got work and at the end of the summer of 1943, Rabbi married at this time and because of the wedding Sholom Posner was appointed the menahel of the Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid Groner was sent to run the yeshiva which he ran, devotedly, for decades. yeshiva in the meanwhile. After a short time R’ Sivan, 5702 – Newark – Rabbi Sholom Dovber Shusterman arrived to run the yeshiva. Gordon ran the yeshiva. Rabbi Dovid Stockhammer 13 Shevat, 5704 – Boston – In Adar, 1943, an and his sons-in-law, Rabbi Mordechai Mentlick and attempt was made to start a yeshiva in Boston but due Rabbi Moshe Pinchas Katz helped found the yeshiva. to the paucity of students it soon closed. On 13 Two months after the yeshiva was started the Rebbe Shevat, 1944, the yeshiva re-opened and was run by Rayatz wrote to R’ Katz that they had to triple, at R’ Avrohom Dov Hecht. By the winter of 5705 the least, the number of talmidim in the yeshiva. The yeshiva already had 80 students. Rebbe suggested that the local women’s auxiliary 2 Iyar, 1944 – Philadelphia – On 2 Iyar, 1944, organize a campaign amongst the women of the city the yeshiva Achei T’mimim was founded in to send their children to Achei T’mimim. Philadelphia under the hanhala of R’ Yosef Menachem Then Rabbi Gordon went to start a yeshiva in Mendel Tenenbaum and R’ Yitzchok Dovid Groner. R’ Springfield and Rabbi Yeshaya Tarshish, Rabbi Kadish Sholom Tzvi Schneiderman, a distinguished Romanov and others, took his place. Lubavitcher rav and menahel of yeshivas Ohel Moshe 12 Tammuz, 5702 – Worcester – the yeshiva was there, asked that his yeshiva be under the auspices of founded on the Chag Ha’Geula, 12 Tammuz, 1942. Tomchei T’mimim and his request was granted. So Before it opened, the designated menahel, Rabbi there were two yeshivos under Tomchei T’mimim, one Avrohom Dov Hecht arrived accompanied by Rabbi called Achei T’mimim and one called Ohel Moshe Avrohom Pariz. After working there for a number of Achei T’mimim. days, the Rebbe Rayatz told his gabbai, Rabbi Eliyahu Rosh Chodesh Tammuz, 1944 – New Haven – Yochil Simpson to call R’ Pariz and to tell him to R’ Mordechai Dov Altein and his two helpers, R’ Berel remain there until 12 Tammuz so that in the course of Levy and R’ Zev Schildkraut started the yeshiva in the farbrengen he would inspire the participants to New Haven on Rosh Chodesh Tammuz, 1944. The take part in supporting the yeshiva. learning began with dozens of children in the Beis R’ Avrohom Dov Hecht ran the yeshiva until the Yisroel shul. end of the summer of 1942, when his brother, Rabbi A “Kiddush Sheim Chabad” was made on the Moshe Yitzchok came to replace him. Then Rabbi following Shabbasos as most of the students came to Yehuda Tzvi Fogelman (from the talmidim of Tomchei daven at shul wearing yarmulkes with the name of the T’mimim 770 in those days) was there briefly to help new yeshiva printed on them. They attended Mesibos him. Shabbos and formed a parade through the streets of In the early years, R’ Moshe Yitzchok Hecht ran New Haven which called upon Jews to keep Shabbos. the yeshiva and at the end of the summer of 1946, he Changes were made in the hanhala and in the

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summer of 1946, R’ Moshe Yitzchok Hecht was sent to run the yeshiva which he did for decades. 14 Tammuz, 1944 – Bridgeport – On 14 Tammuz, the yeshiva was opened by Rabbi Elozor Pinchas Weiler and a short time later the permanent menahel, Rabbi Dovid Eidelman, arrived together with Rabbi Tzvi Feffer. In the Koveitz Lubavitch, issue 4, it reported that a committee to help the yeshiva was formed, which consisted of all the distinguished rabbis of Bridgeport. After a while, Rabbi Aharon Popack was sent to run the yeshiva. After a brief while R’ Popack left and was replaced by Rabbi Yisroel Stock, who ran the yeshiva for decades. Elul, 5704 – Chicago – After much effort, yeshivas Achei T’mimim opened in Chicago in the summer of 1944, led by Rabbi Yosef Wineberg, one of the talmidim in yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim in Otvotsk who later learned in Montreal. A group of talmidim from Tomchei T’mimim in New York arrived with him. The rosh yeshiva was Rabbi Avrohom Former site of Tomchei T’mimim in New York Mordechai Hershberg, rav of the B’nei Reuven (Bedford and Dean) shul, Nusach Ari. There were three divisions in the yeshiva, with the rosh yeshiva giving shiurim to the them together, both in word and in deed. top division, which consisted of the T’mimim from On that same historic day when the yeshiva New York as well as T’mimim from Chicago who opened, the Rebbe addressed the bachurim and set were on a high enough level. Rabbi Wineberg gave forth the principle policy rules: shiurim to the second level and Rabbi Mordechai Not only will the talmidim of Tomchei T’mimim Fisher, who had learned in Lubavitch yeshivos, raise up, with Hashem’s help, the glory of Torah taught the third level. Another group of bachurim in the United States and Canada but it will also came from New York for the new school year set the tone for the religious yeshivos that already 5706 in order to strengthen the yeshiva. exist … 18 Shevat, 5705 – Bronx – the yeshiva My children, you ought to be happy that you opened in the Nusach Ari shul on 1243 have merited the great z’chus to be talmidim in the Washington Avenue. The menahel of the yeshiva holy yeshiva of Tomchei T’mimim Lubavitch. May was Rabbi Altein and the teacher for the oldest Hashem bless you, and the friends who will join group of students was Rabbi Nosson Teomim. A you in the future, that it should be fulfilled in all committee of distinguished balabatim helped of you the wishes of our holy leader that all who found and maintain the yeshiva. see them will recognize them as blessed seed of G- Winter, 5705 – Springfield – Rabbi Sholom d (Seifer HaSichos 5700). Dovber Gordon opened the yeshiva with ten talmidim in the home of a supporter of the yeshiva. The school operates to this very day under “THEY WILL LEARN the able and devoted leadership of Rabbi Dovid IN MY YESHIVOS” Eidelman for more than half a century. If you want to understand how impossible 23 Av, 1945 – Providence – the final yeshiva founding Chassidic yeshivos in the spirit of founded in this period of time. The yeshiva opened Lubavitch was in America of those days, read the on 23 Av and was led by Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid following: Groner with the devoted assistance of the When the Rebbe Rayatz visited the United States rabbanim and brothers, Rabbi Yehoshua Werner in 1930, the idea had already been proposed to start and Rabbi Dovid Werner. a Chabad yeshiva in New York, where a few Lubavitcher Chassidim lived at that time. However,

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The yeshiva officially opened a “With Hashem’s kindness the talmidim week after he arrived. His son-in- ha’T’mimim were able to build a tower law, Rabbi Shmaryahu Gurary (Rashag), was appointed the acting of Torah and light on the garbage heaps director of the yeshiva. Rabbi Shmuel Levitin and Rabbi Yisroel of Montreal.” Jacobson were appointed menahalim and mashpiim, and the spiritual climate at the time was When the Rebbe Rayatz arrived in Rabbi Mordechai Mentlick the rosh such that even the Rebbe Rayatz America and his children began yeshiva. Rabbi Shneur Zalman concluded that the time was not learning in the newly founded Gurary was appointed in charge of right for a yeshiva that required its American branch of yeshivas the Achei T’mimim division for students to attain spiritual heights Tomchei T’mimim, the Rebbe’s youth. of holiness and purity. But the prophecy was fulfilled. The 770 building was Rebbe knew that the day would yet THE YESHIVA WILL BE A purchased at the end of 5700 and come … BASTION OF TORAH with the encouragement of the When the Rebbe returned to In the years prior to the Rebbe’s Rebbe, the yeshiva moved (at the Europe, R’ Yochanan Gordon had arrival, Achei T’mimim had been end of Cheshvan 5701) into the yechidus with him, around Rosh founded and was being run by building. HaShana 5691/1930. The Rebbe Rabbi Yisroel Jacobson. It offered Yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim and told him that he heard from R’ shiurim for a group of yeshiva its divisions were under the Gordon’s brothers who lived in the bachurim a few times a week. In supervision of the Rebbe Rayatz, at US that they wanted their brother Elul, 1939, six of these bachurim first as “director of operations” to come to America too, but he left America to go and learn in the and then as president. The Rebbe refused. R’ Yochanan affirmed this presence of the Rebbe Rayatz. The made no concessions and wanted and said, “I am apprehensive advent of World War II curtailed the authentic spirit of Lubavitch to because of the children. My their stay, and they returned home permeate the American yeshiva just brothers’ children were corrupted not long after they had come. as it did in Otvotsk, Rostov and and left the derech and I don’t At the beginning of Shevat, Lubavitch. He invested great want my children to be corrupted.” 5700, the Rebbe suggested that efforts to preserve the spirit of The Rebbe said, “Go to Achei T’mimim be transformed Lubavitch and the spirit of learning America and I promise you that into yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim in the yeshiva. He constantly your children will remain erliche but this plan was not implemented. guided the hanhala of the yeshiva Yidden.” R’ Yochanan was still not When the Rebbe arrived in the on topics of chinuch and wanted to convinced and he said that he US, his first mission was to found be informed in detail about the wanted them to learn in the Tomchei T’mimim in New York. conduct of each talmid, not only Rebbe’s yeshivos. The Rebbe said His health was poor, as was his when they learned but in their free prophetically, “I promise you that financial state, but this did not time as well. He wrote many letters they will learn in my yeshivos.” deter him from going on the on these topics, some of which are R’ Yochanan’s son, R’ Sholom offensive where many g’dolim printed in his Igros Kodesh. Dovber, later said that when his before him had failed. In the months to come, father returned home he was The Rebbe had a hard time additional students joined the shaken up by the Rebbe’s promise. walking and he regularly suffered yeshiva, which had acquired a good “To promise that they will remain from physical ailments. He also reputation. In HaPardes dated erliche Yidden is one thing; that is had numerous debts (as a result of Shevat, 1941, there was an article unusual, but even in America there his work in helping the Jews of the about the yeshiva’s successes: can be an exception to the rule. Soviet Union). Another person in This mosad immediately struck But what does it mean that they his shoes, would seek peace and roots and began to grow and thrive, will learn in the Rebbe’s yeshivos? quiet after all he endured, but the with Hashem’s help, and attracted How can we dream about Rebbe was not just another excellent talmidim, g’dolei Torah something like that in America?” penniless refugee and he devoted and yira who diligently study Torah. R’ Yochanan waited years for himself to his work. He did not The number of talmidim is growing, the fulfillment of his big dream. even allow himself one day of rest. thank G-d, and in the future this mosad will be, with Hashem’s help,

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a magnificent edifice, a bastion of Torah for pride and glory, with which we can be consoled for the famous yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim Lubavitch which, due to our many sins, collapsed in the storm of war in Europe.

HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS START A YESHIVA On 2 Cheshvan, 5702/1941, nine bachurim from yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim in Otvotsk set foot on Canadian soil. They had spent a period of time in Shanghai and after much effort on the part of the Rebbe Rayatz, they managed to make it to Canada. The Rebbe did not allow them to rest from their ordeals but immediately told The yeshiva in Montreal when it was starting out. In the front row are sitting the them to open Tomchei T’mimim. T’mimim from Otvotsk-Shanghai, from right to left: Zev Gringlas, Moshe The very next day, the new yeshiva Gerlitzky, Yitzchok Hendel, Yosef Wineberg, Yosef Menachem Mendel opened in the Nusach Ari shul. Tenenbaum, Shmuel Stein, Yosef Rodal, Tzvi Yosef Kotlarsky Rabbi Yitzchok Hendel a”h was appointed menahel. The Rebbe Rayatz was not talmidim of the yeshiva in which he The Rebbe Rayatz didn’t delay satisfied with this, and about a blessed them and the k’hilla at and a week later he sent them a week later he sent a letter to R’ large, led by the rabbanim, on the long letter with instructions about Levitin in which he complained occasion of purchasing the building how to interact with the about only having 24 talmidim. He with blessings of mazal tov. townspeople, as well as specific gave practical ideas on how to A very formal celebration took instructions regarding the talmidim recruit more students. Even after place with the participation of the of the new yeshiva: to review R’ Levitin returned to New York rabbanim of the city and guest maamarei Chassidus on Shabbos in they continued expanding the rabbis led by Rashag, the Rebbe’s the two Chabad shuls in Montreal, yeshiva on their own. son-in-law and acting menahel, for the T’mimim to eat the The yeshiva grew and, for lack who traveled to Montreal for the Shabbos meals together, during the of other options, it was located in occasion. meal to sing Chabad niggunim the local orphanage where they To conclude this chapter, let us after the bachurim review were given a few rooms. The look at a letter the Rebbe wrote in Chassidus, and to tell Chassidishe Rebbe simultaneously began asking which he showers unusual praise stories. Anash and askanim in Montreal to on the talmidim who started the The T’mimim enthusiastically buy a building for the yeshiva. The yeshiva in Montreal: went about fulfilling the Rebbe’s Rebbe sent letters to askanim who With Hashem’s help, with instructions. They made much helped the yeshiva a lot and told your mesirus nefesh, with publicity amongst the townspeople them not to be concerned about enormous effort and sweat, you and recruited a number of their money but to see to it that the have established, thank G-d, the talmidim in the shuls. In the weeks yeshiva got a suitable building and yeshiva in Montreal which was – to come, the mashpia R’ Shmuel Hashem would repay them. like other cities – dry of all Levitin was sent to help establish In the middle of the summer of moisture of Torah and without the new yeshiva. In less than a that year they were able to buy a etc. etc. and with Hashem’s month, the nine bachurim had big building for the yeshiva. In kindness the talmidim enrolled 24 young talmidim, for honor of the Chanukas HaBayis ha’T’mimim were able to build a whom they set up two classes of a that took place on 15 Kislev, 5704, tower of Torah and light on the yeshiva called Achei T’mimim. the Rebbe sent a letter to the garbage heaps of Montreal. (Igros

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and rabbanim, until he successfully RAMASH AND THE T’MIMIM established a broad network of In the summer of 1941, when the Rebbe MH”M arrived in the yeshivos. United States, the talmidim in the yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim in New The Rebbe did not only take York enjoyed special kiruvim from him. The first farbrengen that the care of obtaining funds but was Rebbe held after his arrival in the US was with the T’mimim. The involved with every single detail Rebbe spoke for six hours on the topic of “four need to give thanks.” and toiled mightily to best serve He cried copiously. At that farbrengen the Rebbe demanded that the the talmidim. He kept tabs on bachurim be well-versed in Likkutei Dibburim of the Rebbe Rayatz and every talmid’s spiritual state in every so often he asked one of the bachurim where it said a certain avodas Hashem, Chassidus and inyan or another. Nigleh, as well as gashmius The T’mimim also attended the farbrengens that “Ramash” held on matters. Throughout the years, the every Shabbos Mevarchim and special dates in the calendar. Rebbe encouraged those who founded each yeshiva and urged wealthy people to contribute and Kodesh Admur Rayatz, vol. 7, p organization overseen by the Rebbe the askanim to do their work. 383) Rayatz. Many of the menahalim of the In the years that followed, the The list of cities with yeshivos yeshivos were talmidim of the yeshiva grew and it exists till today. Achei T’mimim is staggering: central yeshiva in New York. For It is considered one of the flagship Pittsburgh, Newark, Worcester, various reasons it became Tomchei T’mimim yeshivos, a Buffalo, Rochester, Boston, necessary, from time to time, to yeshiva that began with nine Philadelphia, New Haven, change menahalim; some of them bachurim who escaped Europe and Bridgeport, Chicago, Bronx, had to return to yeshiva, others arrived with little besides the Springfield and Providence. married, and some had become clothes on their backs. The Agudas HaRabbanim of the experienced and were assigned the United States and Canada wrote task of opening a new yeshiva A NETWORK OF the following in Kislev, 5704: while their less experienced peers filled their place. This was all done YESHIVOS “ … It is unbelievable and yet a happy fact, that in such a short by the Rebbe’s instruction. It’s amazing to see how over time, so many yeshivos have been Rashag worked extremely hard the course of a few years the Rebbe made in the following cities: alongside the Rebbe in the role of managed, in his poor health and Yeshiva G’dola in Montreal, “Menahel Merkaz Yeshivos with little resources, to create Pittsburgh, Newark, Worcester, Tomchei T’mimim.” Rabbi Chaim “something out of nothing,” a and Buffalo. Likewise, chadrei Mordechai Isaac Chadakov, the network of Chassidic yeshivos Torah were founded in various Rebbe’s secretary, was an throughout the United States. locations in Brooklyn. In all these outstanding educator and he kept Ask any menahel with modern mosdos Torah over 1000 Jewish in touch with a number of the means to make connections and children imbibe from the source of menahalim and guided them in reach donors and he will tell you Torah under the influence of Torah chinuch and other areas. that it is still hard to establish and and yiras Shamayim. From time to time, emissaries run just one yeshiva. Yet, the “The number of talmidim is so of the Rebbe went on long trips in Rebbe, with the meager means at large that the present building of order to strengthen the yeshivos. his disposal, attained spectacular the central yeshiva in Brooklyn is Notable among them were Rabbi achievements during the one too small to contain them all.” Shmuel Levitin and Rabbi Eliyahu decade he lived in America. The Rebbe Rayatz wasn’t Yochil Simpson. From 5702 until 5705 (see satisfied with what he had box), a network of yeshivos was accomplished and while taking care ATTENDING EVENTS formed for older boys, younger of the yeshivos he had founded he DESPITE THE boys and children. They were also sought to start additional under the administration of the yeshivos in other cities. Even when HARDSHIP THIS Central Yeshivos Tomchei there were failures, the Rebbe did ENTAILED T’mimim, with the expenses for not give up. He sent letters and The Rebbe did not only send founding and maintaining these emissaries, contacted local askanim letters. Despite his very poor health yeshivos coming from the central

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Talmidei Tomchei T’mimim in 770 in the early years

and being unable to walk, he letters on the subject to Anash and public call by Rabbi Yisroel attended events and dinners in askanim. Rosenberg and Rabbi Eliezer honor of the yeshiva. At every The efforts towards this end Silver. R’ Silver said that he spoke event he delivered a long address that began at the beginning of in learning with talmidim in in which he asked the participants 5702 continued until 5704, when a yeshivos Tomchei T’mimim and to take part in the heavy burden of large building was purchased on derived much pleasure from them: financing the yeshiva. Bedford, a twenty minute walk “We have merited, since the (Remember that at the same from 770. arrival here of the gaon and time, the Rebbe was also Agudas HaRabbanim of the tzaddik the Admur of Lubavitch, fundraising to save Jews in Eastern United States and Canada and who founded, with Hashem’s help, Europe and to establish mosdos other distinguished rabbanim in towns and cities, yeshivos large Chabad in other parts of the world. raised money for Tomchei and small that are truly a glorious His debt load was enormous.) T’mimim and in HaPardes it said: achievement, and will grow into … Good news for all of mighty oaks. I got to know and AMERICAN RABBONIM American Jewry – boruch Hashem talk with in learning some of the GET INVOLVED a large, magnificent building was g’dolei ha’talmidim and found purchased in the center of Brooklyn them to be full of Torah and talent, While Chabad yeshivos were which will allow place for full of yiras Shamayim, learning founded outside of New York, the additional hundreds of talmidim, diligently, baalei middos who are central yeshiva in New York may they increase. Obviously, for filled with blessing.” continued to flourish. Hundreds of all these massive activities, In the winter of 5706, the bachurim learned there and the enormous sums of money are yeshiva with all its divisions yeshiva was reminiscent of the needed. It is the obligation of every completed its move to the new glory days of the yeshiva in Jew, no matter what party, to help building. A number of festive Lubavitch. It became necessary to as much as possible in this holy events were held in honor of the purchase a building for the large work in the most important field in chanukas ha’bayis. number of students. The Rebbe Jewish life on which depends the Rayatz was involved in all the future of American Jewry – the INTERIM ACCOUNT discussions concerning buying a education of the young generation. On 16 Adar, 1945, a festive building and wrote a number of The same issue included a

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event was held to mark five years b’nei Torah like in the alte heim. since the founding of Tomchei American Jewry! Our call – of T’mimim in New York. The Rebbe the Central Tomchei T’mimim Rayatz personally attended and he Lubavitch in America – is to told about the founding of the make America, with Hashem’s yeshiva and those who tried to help, be a place of Torah so that discourage him. Then he explained on a Jewish street in America the the dramatic changes that took sound of Torah will be heard place that led to the breaking of from young children as it was the ice of American Jewry. He said heard in Lubavitch and in other you can see a sort of “interim cities in Lithuania and Poland. account” from the results of his Five years later, marking ten work in the first five years: years since the founding of Over the course of three years, yeshivas Tomchei T’mimim in New boruch Hashem, the American York, was reason for another gala spiritual sea of ice broke and my event. The hanhala of the yeshiva earlier proclamations about planned a resplendent event for spreading Torah with yiras this significant milestone. The The yeshiva building in Springfield Shamayim and proper chinuch, Rebbe wrote a special letter for the t’shuva and Geula, which over dinner with a call to attend it and the years were attacked and with the goal of doubling and mocked by the left, center and the tripling the donations for the right, are now being heard from yeshiva. time to time from a few of those Erev Shabbos, 9 Shevat who have ambitions as leaders of afternoon, the Rebbe signed the the generation. letter and the next day he passed Another year goes by and in away. This was the last letter the the newspapers articles are Rebbe signed. published and events are planned After the histalkus the question Rabbi Moshe Yitzchok Hecht with a to start special funds to spread was whether to hold the dinner on group of talmidim of the yeshiva in Torah and for chinuch … the designated date. It was finally Worcester Another year passes and decided not to postpone it since boruch Hashem, my assistants in the Rebbe himself had told people the field of spreading Torah and to attend the dinner. However, the yiras Shamayim, led by my son- dinner was held without music and in-law Rabbi Gurary, have the great simcha originally already founded dozens of planned, but a large crowd mosdos Torah and yiras attended it as well as the talmidim Shamayim, and my assistants in of the yeshiva. The speakers made the field of proper chinuch and a powerful impression on the Machne Israel led by my son-in- donors, who responded more law, Rabbi Schneersohn [the generously than usual. Talmidim of the yeshiva in Pittsburgh Rebbe MH”M who ran Merkos Thus the Rebbe Rayatz L’Inyonei Chinuch and Machne completed his earthly mission as an Israel] started schools for girls integral part of yeshivas Tomchei and over half a million copies of T’mimim, for which he worked for publications have already nearly 53 years – from his appeared… marriage in 5657/1897 when he American Jewry! In five years was 17, until his final day. the work of Merkaz “Tomchei Sources: Likkutei Dibburim, Sifrei HaSichos T’mimim Lubavitch” in America of the Rebbe Rayatz, Igros Kodesh of the Rebbe Rayatz, Toldos Chabad in America, Zikaron has established Jewish respect in L’B’nei Yisroel, Yemei B’Reishis, Beis Moshiach, this country and clearly proved HaTamim (a Beis Moshiach supplement), the website – “Shalom iz mainer” The yeshiva building in Buffalo that American children can be

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chinuch TRANSITIONING FROM ELEMENTARY TO HIGH SCHOOL

By Sholom Ber Crombie Hundreds of bachurim are starting yeshiva for the first time, transitioning from childhood to adolescence, from children to T’mimim and Chayolei Beis Dovid. What role do parents play in this change? What should be emphasized as our children reach this milestone? Three experienced roshei yeshivos told us their thoughts about this critical stage in life and how to deal with it properly. * Presented for the start of the new z’man.

THERE MUST BE COOPERATION finished elementary school is, in fact, ready for shiur BETWEEN PARENTS AND THE alef mesivta. This is vital since the bachur’s identity HANHALA begins to be formed in shiur alef and to a great extent is established then. The boy is still malleable and he has to RABBI YIGAL PIZEM: ROSH YESHIVAS CHABAD AND RAV OF learn how to protect himself from the world. At this THE K’HILLA IN KIRYAT SHMUEL time he needs to know how to filter what he doesn’t need and to select all those good practices that he R’ Yigal Pizem is a veteran mechanech. For decades learns about in yeshiva and all those Chassidishe habits he taught in the yeshiva high school in Kiryat Shmuel that he acquires through the transition to yeshiva. and over a decade ago he started a high school in The bachur acquires his Chassidishe derech in shiur Krayot which has earned a fine reputation. alef. From there he moves on to shiur beis when there is Although going to yeshiva is a process of spiritual another critical stage – the maturation from child to development there are still enticements that lie in young adult. In order to effectively navigate this stage, wait for the boy who leaves his home for the big the talmid needs to come psychologically prepared. This world. How can we ensure that a child will absorb will enable him to pass through all the stages only the positive things and not get swept up in the successfully and in a constructive fashion, with every nonsense? transition from stage to stage accomplished properly. Preparations are needed for when a child moves on A child who goes to mesivta has to be prepared for to shiur alef; parents should ensure that the child who unfamiliar territory. When you go to a new place you

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can’t just stride through; you have expect from a bachur returning from to keep looking around. When a yeshiva. They get all nervous but the child leaves home for life in yeshiva problem is that often they are not in he gets a taste of life on the outside. touch with the hanhala or that they He suddenly encounter all kinds of come to the hanhala with complaints things, viewpoints and practices of instead of reporting to them about other boys that are different than his the change and trying to resolve the own. The home is a supportive situation together. place; being out of the home Some parents allow their children suddenly exposes the child to the to find their own way. A child who big world. just left home might experiment with That is why he needs to know negative behavior so what the that he is going to yeshiva in order parents need to do is keep tabs on to grow, to learn only the good him and find out whether he is things from other people, and that making progress. Parents must be in yeshiva there are many good in constant contact with the things to learn from the teachers, yeshiva, reporting what they observe peers, and the general system. and ensuring there is full Going to yeshiva for spiritual A bachur’s identity cooperation so that they are on the growth means you have to have a same page. ime, discerning eye to learn from the begins to be formed This point is very important positive and ignore the distractions. because the moment parents don’t ren What can parents do to help? in shiur alef and to give the hanhala its due, they are When their boys return home jeopardizing the yeshiva’s ability to ents from yeshiva, parents should see that a great extent is be mechanech their child. If the there is continuity to their son’s parents coordinate their cooperation ur chinuch. When he goes home he is established then. with the staff, this can ensure that tested regarding everything he the talmid is constantly under ei learned in yeshiva and it’s at home supervision which, in turn, will n life where they need to examine whether he is heading in ensure that the level of chinuch and achievement will be the right direction. high. Obviously this demands effort on the part of the rt of Parents need to be alert and in touch with the hanhala and staff. It is their obligation to be in touch hanhala. They should find out whether their son has with parents. From the moment the child leaves home, mastered the material learned in yeshiva, see whether he there must be full cooperation. reviews a sicha at the Shabbos table and notice what What is most important is for the child to be sort of atmosphere he brings home with him. mentally prepared for the yeshiva experience to be Sometimes a child does well on a test in yeshiva but at completely different, a new world. His home is now the home he is not interested in what is being learned in yeshiva. He lives in yeshiva. yeshiva. Parents should find out why. Unfortunately, some parents consider themselves PARENTS’ INVOLVEMENT supervisors over the hanhala, thinking that they are the AFFECTS THE CHINUCH ones who will make decisions about how things are run in yeshiva instead of cooperating with those in charge. RABBI CHAIM AHARON: ROSH YESHIVAS CHABAD IN A parent definitely has the right to find out what is RECHOVOT going with their son and this is their responsibility, but they should go about it in the way the Rebbe set out; in For dozens of years, R’ Aharon taught eighth grade a way that the parent is truly concerned about his son in B’nei Brak and over a decade ago he was appointed and wants to see him advance spiritually. The basic rosh yeshiva in Rechovot which then quickly acquired assumption should be that the hanhala has the know- an even more excellent reputation than it had before. how and experience to give the bachurim what they What can you tell us about the transition from need. When the bachurim go home, parents should be elementary school to mesivta? careful to acknowledge the role of the hanhala. The transition takes place on two planes, the Sometimes, boys go home and parents notice that physical and the spiritual, and for both of them it helps they are not behaving as they should, as one would if the child is ready, knowing that a yeshiva bachur is

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something completely different than touch and help with their child’s what he knew up until then. By chinuch. It is often the case that going away to yeshiva the child is because parents are closely involved, fulfilling the pasuk of “lech lecha.” many problems are avoided. They On the physical plane, the child know who his friends are and who suddenly finds himself under he goes with on mivtzaim, for completely circumstances. He now example, and these are details that lives in a dormitory. He used to parents should pay attention to. finish learning in the afternoon and Another point is personal go home but now yeshiva is home. example. Parents should be role He eats in yeshiva, sleeps in yeshiva models for all things expected of gets up in yeshiva. He rooms with their child in yeshiva. Sometimes a boys he doesn’t know. He did not yeshiva has certain demands while experience this previously for any the home doesn’t see it quite the length of time. same way. Parents must be aware And yet, he did not go to yeshiva that they can’t have their child for the physical things. You need to receiving mixed messages and they emphasize that the main change he need to be examples of all those is experiencing is spiritual. Learning things which are demanded of their doesn’t end in the afternoon. He The Rebbe writes child. learns at night too. There is learning The Rebbe writes in many letters between s’darim, farbrengens, in many letters that parents should try to be role mivtzaim in yeshiva. He doesn’t just that parents models of the kind of behavior they move from one grade to the next as want to see in their children. he did in elementary school. Going should try to be Children think it’s enough if they do to mesivta is a completely different half of what their parents do, so sort of change and the child is there role models of the parents need to do more in order to form his Chassidic identity. For that their children will also have this he needs to come prepared. kind of behavior greater ambitions. Parents should How can the child be helped? appreciate what an influence they The child needs to speak up, not they want to see in have on their children! keep things to himself. He can speak their children. In a letter (Igros Kodesh, vol. 4, to his madrich, mashpia or any staff p. 344) the Rebbe writes: member, whoever he feels Parents should It should be emphasized that comfortable with. They are there to there are many parents who do not help him and he should know that appreciate what an sufficiently value their influence on things come up and this is normal their children, who think that they and every boy goes through it in influence they have labor in vain. Consequently, much some form or another. of the influence that they could The parents need to know that on their children! have had on their children is lost. their taking an interest is very This is their mistake because important and has a great effect on their son’s parents can influence their children far more than progress. Parents might think that if their son is in they think. If they make efforts in this area they will yeshiva and the hanhala sets the curriculum, they no certainly accomplish a lot and if not 100% then longer have a role in their child’s chinuch. They should certainly a great deal. know that their role at this stage is to continue to follow I would also stress the following. When a child goes their child’s progress and this plays a significant part in home for Shabbos after three weeks in yeshiva, parents helping their child form his identity. should not pressure them too much. If the father can The child needs to feel that his chinuch is something learn with his son when he comes home for Shabbos, his parents truly care about. Their interest and concern wonderful, but if the child wants to rest from the directly affect him because he sees that it’s important to pressure and intensity of yeshiva, the last thing he needs them. It’s makes a difference to the staff too. That’s the is pressure at home. way it is … It’s easier to pay attention to a child when the parents are on top of things, when they keep in

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IN YESHIVA A CHILD INTERNALIZES During shiur alef the child undergoes the greatest THAT HE HAS TO BE A MATURE change of his life. The subsequent years merely BACHUR WHO HAS TO MANAGE HIS continue the process. As a rosh yeshiva I speak to the talmidim about the OWN PROGRESS change in their outlook from a childish view to a RABBI SHOLOM BER HENDEL: ROSH YESHIVAS CHABAD IN bachur’s view. As a child in elementary school, the OHR YEHUDA students see the teachers as policemen to avoid. In yeshiva they start to understand the real role of a The Chabad yeshiva in Ohr Yehuda was started mechanech. They learn what it means to be a Tamim in seven years ago and is run by Rabbi Sholom Ber Tomchei T’mimim and start understanding the real Hendel. The yeshiva grew surprisingly quickly, and significance of “Rebbe” and hiskashrus. They learn that three years ago R’ Hendel added a yeshiva g’dola/zal. the hanhala is only telling them what the Rebbe wants How should parents regard their son’s transition and they need to start thinking what does the Rebbe to mesivta? want of them. This is what we talk about in At the start of the school year we have a meeting farbrengens. and we invite the parents of the talmidim in shiur alef As time goes on, a talmid matures. He understands so we can discuss the transition the boys will be what is expected of him and starts being mechanech making. Parents need to know that their sons will be himself. He sets goals in hiskashrus and learning and making a drastic change in every way. The first area strives to achieve them. that I focus on is the emotional one, when the child His understanding of Moshiach also undergoes a leaves home and enters a dormitory. Until then, when change. It used to be something that he never thought he learned in elementary school even until late in the much about, but now it becomes serious. He day, he still went home afterwards. Now he will be understands what it means “to bring Moshiach.” What experiencing an enormous change. In elementary does he need to think about when he makes a school he was able to play during recess while in cheshbon ha’nefesh at night – did he do enough for mesivta there is no yard to play in and no breaks kabbalas p’nei Moshiach, to hasten the Geula? He during the day when the boys can expend their energy. knows he has to make a real cheshbon ha’nefesh if he Scholastically, there are s’darim now and not just is really bringing Moshiach. classroom lessons. What can parents do to make this transition There are boys who handle these changes with ease successful? and immediately transition into yeshiva life. However, The yeshiva staff tries to be warm to the bachurim many boys have a hard time with the change and the and to fill the vacuum of the absence of mother and bachur’s personality and spiritual level make no father. It’s the staff’s job to see to it that a bachur feels difference. There can be outstanding students who comfortable and our rebbis put a lot of effort into this. have a hard time leaving home and need a lot of But it isn’t enough. The parents have to be involved support. So I speak to the talmidim on the first day and know what’s going on. Usually, if a boy doesn’t and tell them they shouldn’t be embarrassed to ask for feel well he will call his mother, while the staff will be help. There are boys who don’t sleep the first night, out of the picture. some even the entire first week. We let the boys know When it comes to ruchnius the parents surely have that the dorm counselor is there for them and that if to know what’s going on. They must call the rebbeim necessary, he will stay with them and keep them and even be nudniks if necessary in order to ensure company even for an entire night. that their child is making progress. The children whose The parents’ support is needed too. If the child is parents call more often get more attention. That’s just calling home a lot, they should realize that he just the way it is. needs some time to acclimatize to the new situation. Although the boys are in yeshiva all the time, the Eventually he will mature. parents still have to show that they are involved. For The main thing is that the child is moving up to example, we once had a mivtza in yeshiva in which on shiur alef and it takes a long time to digest that. You the Shabbos the bachur was home, his father was can see this immediately in the bachur’s behavior. supposed to learn with him for half an hour. It Upon entering yeshiva you can see an incredible transforms the going home into something serious, not change. After the month of Elul, just one month of just an off-Shabbos. It makes him into a Tamim who is learning in yeshiva, he returns home as a yeshiva going home for Shabbos. bachur. I see the bachurim returning after the Yomim Tovim and they are completely different bachurim.

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thought

Rabbi Mordechai Ashkenazi, Rav and Mora D’Asra of Kfar Chabad the maamarim of the Mitteler and member of the Beis Din Rabbanei Chabad in Eretz Yisroel: Rebbe, to the teachings of Chabad. Those who say that the “conversation of the servants of the Patriarchs” is key, maintain that the OUR ASERES main avoda today is simple faith in the Rebbe, like an eved whose inyan is kabbalas ol. The focus should be on instilling absolute kabbalas ol, to do whatever the Rebbe wants and HADIBROS encourages, even if we don’t understand why. The main “koch” of the people with this perspective is in the inyan that the Rebbe encouraged so much and most The Rebbe’s sichos are our “Aseres recently – the proclamation of Yechi. HaDibros,” and just as the Aseres This proclamation contains a deep message and it’s possible that HaDibros are eternal, so too are the among the thousands of Chassidim who proclaim it, there are those who Rebbe’s sichos. are unaware of its significance, but that doesn’t prevent them from There is a maamer Chazal which saying it because they do it as a is very relevant to our times: “The servant, with kabbalas ol. They saw conversation of the servants of the that the Rebbe encouraged it and for Patriarchs is better than the Torah of them, there are no questions! their children.” This refers to the That is what we learn from the large amount of space in the Torah Chazal, “The conversation of the devoted to the story of Eliezer, the servants of the Patriarchs is better servant of Avrohom, which is in than the Torah of their children.” contrast to most mitzvos of the Indeed, in the final moments of Torah which can sometimes be galus, when the world seems to be hinted at with one verse or less. going crazy, the only way to prevail The Rebbe MH”M taught us to and hold on until the hisgalus is to look at everything in Torah as a act according to the “conversations lesson in avodas Hashem and we of the servants of the Patriarchs,” can learn a lesson from this i.e. with emuna p’shuta stemming statement of Chazal as follows. from kabbalas ol. Today in Chabad there are two views Chabad Chassidus, from day – not a dispute, G-d forbid, but an one, was aiming for one goal – ideological debate. Some want to Yemos HaMoshiach. This was the intensify the involvement of the case in the time of the Alter Rebbe Torah of the children while others but there was a radically new level want to increase the involvement in achieved in the era of the Rebbe the conversation of the servants of Rashab which started the three generations of the hisgalus of the Patriarchs. the children” maintain that today we In Chassidus it explains at length Moshiach which culminate in our need to strengthen the deep bond generation. the difference between a son and a between us and the Rebbe which is servant, but the main difference is The Rebbe Rashab, who instilled like the deep bond between father the belief in Moshiach in his that a son is the inyan of emotion and son. To achieve this we need to and intellect and a servant is the talmidim, said that before Moshiach emphasize the study of Chassidus comes there will be tough times to inyan of kabbalas ol. and go back in time to the derech of Those who want the “Torah of the point that the fire that the Chassidim of the Alter Rebbe, to descended in the time of Eliyahu

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HaNavi on the altar of Hashem, will descend on the other side, but still The Rebbe Rashab was letting us know we will cry out “Hashem Hu that a terrible time would come when HaElokim.” The Rebbe Rashab was letting us they would try to uproot the simple faith know that a terrible time would come when they would try to uproot of Chassidim; when they would try to the simple faith of Chassidim; when they would try to undermine the undermine the bond of emuna between bond of emuna between Chassid and Rebbe, that bond expressed in Chassid and Rebbe, that bond expressed the proclamation of Yechi, and in the proclamation of Yechi... would even prove it with signs and wonders. The fire will descend on celebrating his victory over Shlomo. difficult times in peace, we must the other side. The situation seemed to bode adhere to the “conversations of the But those who listen to the well for him. Dovid was sick, “and servants of the Patriarchs,” and Rebbe, those connected to him, will the king Dovid was elderly,” and it conduct ourselves with kabbalas ol continue to proclaim Yechi, in the was the opportune moment to take like an eved. spirit of the age-old cry of, over the malchus. There was one If we start acting like a son and “Hashem Hu HaElokim,” and to woman who went to the king and try to understand everything with announce: I am connected asked him to keep his promise to our minds, we are liable to veer very specifically to the Rebbe now just as give her son Shlomo the malchus. far off. It is only with emuna before. How? With emuna p’shuta. She was sure that if she got the p’shuta, with kabbalas ol, that we In the winter of 5752, I was king’s word, her son would rule. can successfully navigate this present by the Rebbe and till today I After hearing Dovid’s commitment arduous stage before the hisgalus of remember how in the middle of the to Shlomo being his heir, she parted the Rebbe MH”M. farbrengen the Rebbe cried out, with the words, “Yechi HaMelech Today, experience has shown “Hashem Hu HaElokim!” He did so Dovid L’olam.” what results from the “conversations seven times and nobody knew why. Now that seems to be a mockery of the servants of the Patriarchs.” I often think of that time. The of a king who is about to die. Why Thousands of Anash and T’mimim Rebbe saw into the future. He saw does she say he should live forever? who head for 770 for special dates, the terrible time we are now in and Once again we see the power of particularly the month of Tishrei, he invigorated us with his cry of, emuna p’shuta. To her it was clear, prove that this is the way to attain “Hashem Hu HaElokim.” beyond a shadow of a doubt, that and express genuine hiskashrus. The Rebbe gave us the strength there would be no changes in the Yehi ratzon that we all strengthen so that even while we are in this Malchus Beis Dovid, and every each other in emuna p’shuta in all terrible state and the fire descends promise that was given would be the Rebbe’s sichos, without on the other side, we have the fulfilled even if she was faced by p’shetlach. fortitude to continue to say, opposition from the entire royal The Rebbe’s sichos are our “Hashem Hu HaElokim.” house, including the most important Aseres HaDibros and just as the Today we proclaim: Hashem Hu ministers. Aseres HaDibros have not changed HaElokim. You can prove with signs With this emuna p’shuta she since they were given, so too the and wonders that you are right but merited to see her son Shlomo on Rebbe’s sichos are not susceptible to you should know that you won’t the throne, continuing the Malchus change and re-interpretation. With budge us from our emuna and Beis Dovid. these Aseres HaDibros we will go hiskashrus in the Rebbe MH”M. out immediately to greet the Rebbe When we look at the source from *** MH”M with the jubilant cry that where we learn about the We have to implement these expresses, above all else, our emuna proclamation “Yechi HaMelech,” ideas for ourselves, our family, our p’shuta: Yechi Adoneinu Moreinu you see an amazing thing. The son friends, our circles near and far. We V’Rabbeinu, Melech HaMoshiach of Dovid HaMelech tried to contest have no other choice. L’olam Va’ed. the malchus of Shlomo. He If we want to remain eternally Said at a Bruchim HaBaim gathering for those managed to get all the Who’s Who bonded with the Rebbe MH”M, if returning from 770 in Cheshvan 5758. in the palace on his side and began we want make it through these

BEIS MOSHIACH Issue 754 35 754_Beis Moshiach 15/08/2010 6:56 PM Page 36

moshiach & science GREEN CHEESE

By Aryeh Gotfryd, PhD

To put it plainly, everyone has would disturb the park ecosystem hand, since the Temple in Jerusalem criteria for what can reliably be and he therefore couldn’t chop was destroyed, prophecy has rested considered true. If an idea meets them down. He of course cried primarily on imbeciles and children, those standards, it is fit to be foul. The matter went to hearing neither of whom can be relied on believed and acted upon. before a Tribunal of the Ontario for the veracity of their —The Rebbe, Municipal Board, a judicial court. statements.[1] So some silly kid Mind Over Matter, p.8 I was called in as an expert might be telling you divine witness for the City, having prophecies all day and you will just They say that America is a specialized in urban forest never know. meritocracy. There is nothing to ecosystems. The trial was set for On the other hand, if someone stop you from working your way up the intermediate days of the holiday is healthy and spirit, mind and from rags to riches or from ignoble of Sukkos, and I attended in body, disciplined in his lifestyle and origins to the presidency itself. traditional Chassidic holiday garb. dignified in his personality, focused Even after you’ve earned your way My double breasted, knee-length on Torah’s wisdom and committed up, staying there is no given, due to kapote (jacket), black fedora and to deeds of goodness and kindness, various checks and balances to untrimmed beard raised some and after all this predicts future fiscal and political clout. But once eyebrows as I was called up to events accurately which could not you have legitimately climbed the testify and to answer cross- be known in advance, and then ranks and now rule the roost, your examination. repeats the performance on several authority is great. But the vast majority of occasions, then this person has the Judaism has something similar. questions I got were not about status of a prophet in Jewish law. For millennia, the best scholar nature. They were about In biblical times there were became the Rabbi, and the most credentials. What university did you prophetical schools where people scholarly of those became renowned attend? What degrees did you would work on themselves to authorities and their rulings were obtain? In what specialties? How achieve a spiritual level where they obeyed. Yes, one could always many peer-reviewed articles have would be worthy of prophecy. question the basis of a rabbinic you published? How many Many succeeded, probably ruling, but generally speaking once environmental assessments have thousands, but only 55 made it to rendered appropriately, the ruling you conducted? For which clients? the “major leagues” and got of a Torah authority is binding. By the time it was established recorded in the Hebrew scriptures Now I’m no major league player that I was entitled to have an expert as prophets. Often they would in economics, politics or rabbinics, opinion, it became almost irrelevant meditate to get in the spirit of but in Applied Ecology, I’ve been what opinion I had. Of course I had things or they would burn incense up a few rungs and the view from to show drawings and data and and listen to music, and that could there can be instructive. Let me speak to the issues, but the catalyze a revelation. share a story. reliability of my statements was no In any case, when such a person The City of Toronto once took a longer in question. It felt like if I tells you what to do or what not to local homeowner to task over his had told them the moon was made do, there is a special commandment plan to fell a clump of old red oak out of green cheese, they would of listening to him or her, and a trees on his property. His yard, like have believed it. special transgression invoked for those of his neighbors, backed on * * * one who does not heed[2], as this to a ravine slope leading to a long, Judaism has another role week’s Torah portion says, “Aylav winding City Park enjoyed by many. prequalified by merit and that is the tishmeun.”[3] Of course there are The City said leveling the oak trees status of a prophet. On the one limits. A kosher prophet can’t tell

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you to add a mitzvah to the Torah to say that we didn’t listen to Moses know whether the Creator wants us or to cancel one. But his merit has so much because of his wonders to believe that He did. That’s what earned him authority so we have to and miracles, but rather because the halacha is for. listen up. the Torah says to do so. And the The hard part about all this is Lest one think this is some same applies here. the “Aylav tishmeun” part. We like arcane fact with no practical The Rebbe, nearly twenty years to benefit from the foresight but we relevance these days, we should ago, said that these laws are don’t want to pay the price. note that among all the criteria of relevant now, and relevant to Listening means giving up control who can be a kosher prophet and Moshiach whose prophetic abilities and letting someone else run my what constitutes a false one, etc., are apparent even before the agenda. there is no mention in Jewish law redemption occurs. He says that all The good part about it is that (halacha) of any time limitations. In mankind needs to know that the we know we are truly in the home fact someone could get up today Almighty has chosen one individual stretch and that any moment now, with all the criteria and start batting to be the judge, advisor and the dream will become the reality 1000 on the next day’s stock prices prophet of the generation, and that and we will celebrate renewed and or election results and you’d have his own personal prophecy is, universal communion with the to listen to him just like you have to “Immediately to redemption,” Creator of the Universe and all keep Shabbos or Kosher. “Behold (this) Moshiach mankind together as one with the I’ve met one of those. In 1992 coming.”[4] coming of Moshiach NOW! there was a NY Times weekend The Rebbe is/was an American Dr. Aryeh (Arnie) Gotfryd, PhD is a supplement entitled “The Oracle of and he is/was a Jew. It may sound chassid, environmental scientist, author Brooklyn,” all about the like green cheese to you but and educator living near Toronto, Lubavitcher Rebbe and his uncanny however you slice it, the Canada. To contact, read more or to ability to foresee outcomes of wars, meritocracy applies. In all worldly book him for a talk, visit business deals, marriages, medical and Torah matters he has been held www.arniegotfryd.com or call 416-858- 9868 treatments, etc., by the tens of in the highest esteem and meets all thousands with incredibly precision the criteria for a kosher prophet. NOTES: and accuracy. The expression goes, “If it looks The Rebbe is/was incomparably like a duck, and walks like a duck [1] Bava Basra 12b saintly, wise, disciplined, dignified, and quacks like a duck,” then you [2] Rambam Hilchos Yesodei HaTorah, good and kind. But was he a may as well assume that’s what it is. Chapters 7 – 10. prophet? In the same category as The same applies here. We can’t [3] D’varim 18:5 those biblical giants? Like Moses? know directly if the Creator spoke [4] Sicha of Parshas Shoftim 5751 Maimonides, in his Code, goes on to someone or didn’t, but we can Raskin's Consistently “if it grows we have it” Superior Fruit and Produce Emporium WHOLESALE & RETAIL Michal & Aaron Raskin We Deliver 335 Kingston Ave. Brooklyn NY 11213 * Tel: (718) 756-3888 756-2221 * Fax: 756-2440

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BEIS MOSHIACH Issue 754 37 754_Beis Moshiach 15/08/2010 6:56 PM Page 38

feature ON THE HOME FRONT OF TOMCHEI TMIMIM y, issue n 5769 p. By Dafna Chaim ^^^^^ Chassidishe home, albeit not ^^^^ We spoke to an exemplary human being, Chabad. My father belongs to Tosh ^^^^ and is himself descended from ^^^^ Mrs. Chana Rosenberg, wife and mother Admurei Tosh. My mother’s family ^^^^ are Kaliver Chassidim and she too is of menahalim of Yeshivas Tomchei a descendent of distinguished rabbanim. My grandfather was the T’mimim in B’nei Brak and Beit shochet in his town and a talmid Shemesh, to hear about the chacham and a tremendous yerei Shamayim. contribution of women to the world of The chinuch my parents received was based on Ahavas Torah and Chabad yeshivos. * Presented for 15 Ahavas Yisroel. Respecting parents and family unity were the supreme Elul, when the Rebbe Rashab founded values. They instilled all this in us, and had a profound impact on our Tomchei T’mimim in 5697/1897. lives. I remember my father always In recent years, branches of appreciated as being equally with a Jewish book in hand, sitting Tomchei T’mimim, including smicha essential as their husbands’, but and learning. He was an emotional programs, have opened up one after when it comes to building yeshivos, baal t’filla and till today his sweet the other. By and large, these their role is not that apparent other voice rings in my ears, the tune he branches are started by shluchim in than sending their sons to learn used as he learned. As a baal t’filla those areas, and thanks to these there. The truth, though, is that he always tried to daven in shuls that yeshivos their shlichus has grown. behind every yeshiva is a woman were not ultra-Orthodox in order to The Rebbe’s wish for every city to who unassumingly devotes days and merit the not-so-religious public. have a branch of Tomchei T’mimim nights to its success. My parents’ home was always is becoming a reality. First, tell us a little about open, offering a helping hand at all On shlichus, the shlucha’s work yourself. times to those in need, and this was is generally acknowledged and I was born and raised in a done graciously. While they

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The yeshiva building in B’nei Brak R’ Shlomo Rosenberg with his son Levi talking to the contractor on the roof of the yeshiva emphasized the value of sufficing with little, the house was always entire life to building her home and B’nei Brak, Rabbi Yehuda Leib clean and pleasant, with a peaceful family and I followed in her Landau asked him to run the atmosphere. footsteps. When I was a newlywed I Chabad Talmud Torah (elementary My parents are Holocaust still went out to work as a sheitel school). survivors who made aliya right after macher but as the family grew I My husband wasn’t at all they married. They settled in yishuv stopped working outside the home interested in doing so since up until HaZor’im of the HaPoel HaMizrachi and devoted myself to my family. I then he had never worked in movement. Later on, when their did this happily without feeling that I chinuch. Furthermore, he knew it children were getting older and they was missing out in any way. I think was a tough job. His brother runs a were concerned about their chinuch, that in order to be successful in school for Chassidei Vizhnitz and he they moved to Netanya to Kiryat raising children you have to put in saw how demanding the job is. He Tzanz. Our family was one of the an enormous amount of time, effort knew that if you want to be first to settle there and my early and attention, and it is very hard to successful you have to give it your chinuch was in Tzanz schools. do this as a working woman. Boruch all. Above all else, he felt that he My connection to Chabad began Hashem, today I am grateful that we wasn’t fit for the job and so he said following my marriage to my have a large family and good no. R’ Landau pressed him to husband, R’ Shlomo Rosenberg. He children. reconsider, and when that too failed, is also not from a Chabad home. How did your connection with he urged him to ask the Rebbe. When he was a boy he was attracted the yeshiva begin? My husband wrote to the Rebbe to Chabad and he switched to the When we had nine children my and explained his feelings about it Chabad yeshiva in Lud. When we husband was learning in kollel. He and asked whether he should accept married we set up a Lubavitcher had spent several years working in the offer. The Rebbe’s answer was, home. business and he had simply had “Look into the offer and it should be I’d had a firm education of “kol enough. That being the case, he in a good and auspicious time.” So k’vuda bas melech p’nima” – the decided to stop the normal course of he took on the job with all the honor of the daughter of the King is life and to sit and learn. After two requisite chayus. within. My mother devoted her years in kollel, the Mara D’asra of To tell you the truth, I wasn’t

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thrilled with the idea because I knew their learning. During vacations he word of complaint. I am moved it would come at the expense of the found the time to play with each of every time I see how devoted they family and I wanted life to continue them. are to the yeshiva. Learning Torah is as it had until then. But after I saw How much do you think his a supreme value for me and I am the Rebbe’s answer I gave him my dedication to the yeshiva at the happy to have the z’chus to support blessing and unstinting support. expense of the home affected the those who study Torah. If this Later on, when a need arose for family? sometimes entails hard work, this is a high school in B’nei Brak, my Today, when I look back, I can done with joy and love. husband started one, also receiving say that thanks to the yeshiva our At one point, the decision was the Rebbe’s encouragement for this entire house looks different. The made to take over the yeshiva in Beit move. yeshiva is a life’s work which the Shemesh that was about to close. My husband put his days and entire family participates in. My boys gave up their summer nights into this yeshiva while I freed Throughout the years, our children vacation, when I usually pamper him completely from any household were involved in the work and them with good food and shower tasks so he could devote himself everybody breathed and lived the them with lots of love, and went to fully without distraction. yeshiva. Each of us is part of the Beit Shemesh to renovate the He often had to travel overseas in spirit of the yeshiva and is ready to yeshiva and get it ready for the new order to fundraise and I was left do our share when our help is school year. The labor was difficult alone with the children. Although needed. When the older boys were and physically exhausting, the this was hard, I agreed to it happily young, my husband got them accommodations were and with the awareness of the involved in helping out during their uncomfortable, meals were grabbed importance of what he was doing. vacations. Instead of going on on the run, and they did not get paid What keeps me going during hard outings or relaxing, they worked. for what they did, but I have no moments are the brachos from the They didn’t balk at any job, whether doubt that their real reward is Rebbe. it was painting the yeshiva, fixing up immeasurable. How do you manage? closets or mending broken chairs. My girls also contribute their I realized that as the wife of the One of the staff members once share by doing office work, menahel, my job is to run the house said to me, “It’s a rachmanus on the sometimes working until late at so he can focus on the yeshiva. From kids – they work harder than the night or on Erev Shabbos and Yom a young age, each of our children Arab workers!” But he was mistaken Tov. Sometimes it’s also at the has an age-appropriate household because they always did it happily expense of their maternity leave. chore in order to train them and give and proudly. It was their privilege to They are the only ones my husband them the feeling of mutual help out the yeshiva. would dare to ask to work so hard responsibility and cooperation. The My sons built the sixth floor, and such unusual hours. older ones help the younger ones brick by brick. Moishy took care of At first, the financial situation at and each child appreciates what he the electrical wiring. The children the yeshiva was not rosy and I has and is happy with his lot. joked that they didn’t want to be in cooked the yeshiva food to save on Boruch Hashem, the house had and the building when the protective expenses. still has a good atmosphere. It’s a scaffolding came off because who Over the years I saw how the quiet house where you hardly ever knew what might happen, but yeshiva and home are one entity. hear raised voices from the parents boruch Hashem, it worked without a Thanks to the yeshiva we have lots or the children. hitch. of Chassidishe nachas, boruch Yet I tried not to overly burden Levi and Shmulik, the older boys, Hashem, and of course it’s all from my children. I knew that when the help my husband run the yeshiva the Rebbe who does not remain in time came, each of them would be and with their indefatigable energy debt. We see how the yeshiva is the building their own home and have to they’ve raised the yeshiva to new means through which we receive the give that all their energy. heights (literally as well) and it is brachos. My husband helps as much as he flourishing. I noticed something very can. He wisely got the children to The interesting thing is that they, interesting. Each time I wrote to the love their jobs and always came up in turn, rope in their younger Rebbe through the Igros Kodesh, with new ideas for improvements brothers who are happy to donate whether about personal or general and changes. Although he was so every minute of their free time to the matters, the answers are always busy he always found the time for yeshiva. I must say that they do this about mosdos. each child, inquiring about them and happily and with chayus and not a How do you get the children to

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have such love for the yeshiva which “steals” their father away and makes them lose out on things sometimes? By including the children in everything pertaining to the yeshiva, whether the good news or the daily difficulties. Each one becomes connected to it and is happy with every bit of good news and wants to find solutions for the problems according to their level and understanding. We have family discussions and often terrific solutions emerge. This kind of cooperative leadership creates the motivation and anticipation of success. Each one feels privileged to The Chanukas HaBayis attended by Admurim, Rabbanim, Mashpiim and askanim be doing this work and views it as their personal shlichus and that is birthday. He was so shocked he why they do it very happily. Put in almost fainted. other words, the responsibility of An event like that makes a strong running the mosad falls on impression and strengthens the ties everybody! It sometimes reaches the between parents and children and point that we have to tell them, between the siblings. “enough! Go to sleep so you will Another son is very sensitive and have strength for tomorrow.” a homebody and going away to As a mother who has already yeshiva far from home was hard for sent some sons away from home to him. So I tried to speak to him every learn in yeshiva, how do you day on the phone and we went to nurture the relationship with those visit him at least once a week to give who spend most of their time away him the support that he needed. from home and often far away What is the secret to success in from one another? chinuch? My husband and I work to instill There is no recipe for success in the value of family togetherness in chinuch. You have to daven a lot, all our children and do this through the time, wherever you are. You have caring and lots of love. For example, to daven for success and constantly when one of the boys was on thank Hashem for all the good He shlichus in Cyprus he got phone bestows upon us. We need to ask R’ Shmuel Rosenberg examining calls on his birthday from every Hashem to put the right words and blueprints with his brothers member of the family, wherever they reactions in our mouth for each and man; that they be loving to and were at the time. He said to me, child according to his temperament, loved by all. We daven that they be “Ima, I know you made it happen.” to be able to understand each child involved all their days in Torah and Or, for example, another son of and respond properly with the right good deeds with yiras Shamayim, ours learned in Yerushalayim and we tone and with a lot of patience and that they act respectfully and with decided to surprise him on his caring, and that we be able to speak love to others and that they have birthday. My daughter lives in pleasantly, without anger, without great success in their holy work, in Yerushalayim and we found a way to raising our voice, so the child feels the avoda of shlichus, with devotion get him to her house. When he understood and that we seek his and responsibility. opened the door he was amazed to welfare. We must ask Hashem that In the merit of shlichus and the see all his siblings, including the our children find grace and good shluchim may we be zocheh to greet married ones with their spouses, understanding in the eyes of G-d who had come to celebrate his Moshiach Tzidkeinu now!

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