DOCSLIB.ORG

New and Innovative Forms of Youth Participation in Decision-Making Processes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New and Innovative Forms of Youth Participation in Decision-Making Processes New and innovative forms of youth participation in decision-making processes Anne Crowley & Dan Moxon New and innovative forms of youth participation in decision-making processes Anne Crowley & Dan Moxon Council of Europe ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank members of the Reflection Group and the Youth Department Secretariat for their advice, support and direction. The range of experiences and knowledge, as well as understanding, has been tremendously useful in guiding both the research itself but also the analysis and reporting. AUTHORS Dr Anne Crowley is a policy and research consultant and recently completed a PhD on the impact of children’s and young people’s participation on decision making. She is currently an Associate at the CASCADE research centre at Cardiff University where she is involved in a range of research and policy projects. From 2010-12, Anne worked with the Council of Europe on drafting Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the participation of children and young people under the age of 18, and has subsequently been engaged with the Secretariat and other experts to develop the Child Participation Assessment Tool (CPAT) for member States to use to assess their progress in implementing the Recommendation. Prior to becoming involved in policy and research, The opinions expressed in this work are the Anne worked with marginalised young people responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily as a social worker and a probation officer. reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. Dan Moxon is an expert in youth participation with All requests concerning the reproduction or over 18 years’ experience working with children, translation of all or part of this document should be young people and families in the voluntary, public, addressed to the Directorate of Communication for-profit and academic sectors. He is an experienced (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). researcher, evaluator and writer with a research focus All other correspondence concerning this document on children’s and young people’s participation, and should be addressed to the Directorate General of in using participatory research techniques to enable Democracy – Youth Department ([email protected]). young people to influence policy and strategy. He Cover and layout: Documents and Publications is an Associate Director at the University of Central Production Department (SPDP), Council of Europe Lancashire’s Centre for Children and Young People’s Participation, the only research centre in the world Cover photo: © Council of Europe focused exclusively on participation. He has led work on behalf of the UK Youth Parliament, British Youth This publication has not been copy- Council, Department of Health, England, NHS-NW, edited by the SPDP Editorial Unit to correct Government Office for the North West of England, typographical and grammatical errors. The Railway Children, as well as a variety of local © Council of Europe, October 2017 authorities, voluntary organisations and research Printed at the Council of Europe institutions in the UK, Finland, Iceland and Italy. Contents CHAPTER 1 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 Background 5 Research findings 5 Conclusions 6 Recommendations 6 CHAPTER 2 – INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY 9 Documentary analysis 9 Online survey of stakeholders 9 Review of case studies 10 Analysis and recommendations 11 CHAPTER 4 – YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING 13 What do we mean by youth participation? 13 The European policy framework for youth participation 14 An overview of the policy instruments of the Council of Europe 14 Current debates and developments: an overview 15 New and innovative youth participation 18 CHAPTER 5 – STAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON INNOVATIVE FORMS 23 Defining the forms of youth participation in decision making 23 Survey results 24 Summary 27 CHAPTER 6 – EXAMPLES OF INNOVATIVE PARTICIPATION PROJECTS 29 What do the case studies tell us about innovation? 53 CHAPTER 7 – DISCUSSION 57 Alternative forms of participation and their relationship to innovation 57 Defining innovation within youth participation 58 How might public authorities engage with the concept of innovation? 58 What encourages innovation at project level? 59 What strategic and policy responses could encourage innovation in youth participation? 60 Summary 60 CHAPTER 8 – RECOMMENDATIONS 63 Public authorities 63 Council of Europe 65 ► Page 3 Chapter 1 Executive Summary Background ► a review of examples of successful initiatives and practices; This study of new and innovative forms of youth participation was commissioned by the Council of ► a thematic analysis of the issues arising with Europe’s Youth Department. The study focuses on regard to new and innovative forms of youth young people’s participation in decision-making pro- participation. cesses at national, regional and local levels. The find- ings and recommendations in the study are intended Research findings to inform the Council of Europe youth sector’s future work in this field and its strategic objectives to sup- Defining the concept of innovative forms of youth port young people’s (positive) attitude to influence participation has proved to be a challenge. The review decisions in democratic processes and increase their of literature in this report identifies a general con- involvement in the development of inclusive and sensus of concern for the shift in young people’s peaceful societies. methods of political expression away from voting and The backdrop to this work is increasing concern at engagement with political parties into other forms of political level and evidence to indicate that young participation. However, defining what young people people have been turning away from established have moved to does not have the same consensus, forms of democratic participation. This is represented, and concepts of innovative forms of participation amongst other things, by a decline in voter turn- are poorly defined. The literature also identified the out amongst young people, and their decreasing concept of policy innovation within other sectors as a membership of political parties. It is argued by some method used to drive improvement in public services. commentators that, as young people disengage The survey explored perceptions, amongst stake- from these ‘traditional’ forms of participation, they holders, of different forms of participation in decision are finding ‘alternative’ or ‘innovative’ forms of par- making. The key findings are that: ticipation to replace them. Parallel to this social shift amongst young people is an increasing emphasis in ► co-management, co-production, digital partici- the development of public policy across all sectors on pation, deliberative participation and for some, ‘innovation’ and the political desire for public authori- the concept of ‘participatory spaces’ are seen ties to be ‘innovative’. This study set out to explore as the more innovative forms of participation; and identify ‘innovative’ forms of youth participation ► youth councils and similar bodies, and youth and to understand the role of innovation within the activism or popular protest are seen as the less context of youth participation in decision making. innovative forms of participation; The study comprised a documentary analysis of ► in general, the ‘more innovative forms’ are not existing research; an e-survey of policymakers, more or less effective than the ‘less innovative practitioners and other stakeholders; and a review forms’; of examples of innovative practice from a range of different contexts. The report includes: ► these more innovative forms are facing similar barriers to those faced by youth councils and ► an overview of the current debates and devel- forums in terms of young people’s views being opments on youth involvement in decision taken into account by public bodies. Barriers making at European, national, regional and include: municipal levels and an exploration of the concept of ‘new and innovative’ participation; – lack of funds and resources; ► an analysis of the results of a survey of 356 – lack of political support; stakeholders; – lack of understanding by public authorities. ► Page 5 The case studies provide examples of these various young people’s views when they are making deci- forms. However, they also serve to highlight the dif- sions by developing and testing new methods, forms ferent understandings of the concept of ‘innovation’ or concepts. and how innovation, by its very nature, is strongly In the context of youth participation in decision context specific. What is innovative in one reality is making, innovation is therefore conceptualised likely to be less so in another depending on historical as part of the quest for the most effective ways to legacies, tradition and a myriad of cultural consider- involve young people in the development of policy ations. Importantly, this indicates that forms that are and service provision and a wide variety of other currently considered more innovative will change decision-making processes. However, the end goal over time as they become accepted or embedded in of innovation is not simply to create a new way of practice. The case studies also highlight a number of doing things but to establish better ways in terms of other key messages: achieving stated objectives. Support for innovation ► innovative approaches can come from both by public bodies means that new approaches must young people and adults/professionals; have clear objectives, be systematically
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Submission to OHCHR Report on Youth and Human Rights in Accordance with Human Rights Council Resolution 35/14
    Submission to OHCHR report on Youth and Human Rights in accordance with Human Rights Council Resolution 35/14 I. BACKGROUND IIMA - Istituto Internazionale Maria Ausiliatrice is an international NGO in special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council. IIMA is present in 95 countries where it provides education to children, adolescents, and youth to build up strategies for youth empowerment and participation worldwide. VIDES International - International Volunteerism Organization for Women, Education, and Development is an NGO in special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, which works in 44 countries worldwide. It was founded in 1987 to promote youth volunteer service at the local and international levels for ensuring human rights, development, and democracy. Through its network of young volunteers worldwide, VIDES promotes best practices on active citizenship among youth. Already for several years, IIMA and VIDES have been working for the empowerment of young people worldwide, not only by reporting existing protection gaps in the implementation of human rights with regard to youth but also by greatly valuing the crucial role of youth in the promotion of human rights for society at large. Accordingly, both NGOs have been active in calling the attention of the Human Rights Council and other UN human rights bodies on the specific situation of youth in order to ensure that the rights of youth are placed high on the list of priorities.1 The present joint contribution intends to respond to the call for inputs launched by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the framework of the preparation of a detailed study on Youth and Human Rights, as requested by Human Rights Council Resolution 35/14 (June 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Resources
    Resource Guide to Communication Scholarship on Social Justice Activism Lawrence R. Frey, Kellie Brownlee, Jeanette Musselwhite Additional Resources Conceptual/Theoretical Scholarship on Communication and Social Justice Activism A. Communication Aldás, E. N., & Pinazo, D. (2013). “Communication and engagement for social justice.” Peace Review, 25, 343–348. doi:10.1080/10402659.2013.816552 Andersen, P. A. (1993). “Beyond criticism: The activist turn in the ideological debate.” Western Journal of Communication, 57, 247–256. doi:10.1080/10570319309374447 Barge, J. K. (Ed.). (1996). “Dialogue: Communication and social justice [Special section].” Communication Studies, 47, 110–151. Contains the essays: Frey, L. R., Pearce, W. B., Pollock, M. A., Artz, L., & Murphy, B. A. O. “Looking for justice in all the wrong places: On a communication approach to social justice.” 110–127. doi:10.1080/10510979609368467 Wood, J. T. “Social justice research: Alive and well in the field of communication.” 128–134. doi:10.1080/10510979609368468 Makau, J. M. “Notes on communication education and social justice.” 135–141. doi:10.1080/10510979609368469 Pollock, M. A., Artz, L., Frey, L. R., Pearce, W. B., & Murphy, B. A. O. “Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis: Continuing the dialogue on communication and social justice.” 142–151. doi:10.1080/10510979609368470 Broome, B. J., Carey, C., De La Garza, S. A., Martin, J., & Morris, R. (2005). “In the thick of things: A dialogue about the activist turn in intercultural communication.” In W. J. Starosta & G.-M. Chen (Eds.), Taking stock in intercultural communication: Where to now? (pp. 145–175). Washington, DC: National Communication Association. Carragee, K. M., & Frey, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Youth-Elder Collaboration in Governance in Africa
    Discussion Paper ENHANCING YOUTH-ELDER COLLABORATION IN GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA The Mandela Institute for Development Studies Youth Dialogue 7-8 August 2015 Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe Authored and presented by Ms. Ify Ogo PhD Candidate, Maastricht University MINDS Annual African Youth Dialogue 2015 Discussion Paper ABSTRACT Youth constitute the majority of the population on the African continent. This paper explores the convergence of traditional (African Tradition) and modern ways of social engagement in political governance interactions. It discusses the imperative for youth participation in governance, as well as the challenges and opportunities for dialogue between youth and elders in governance systems. In the first chapter, the paper discusses cultural norms which have prevented the development of collaboration between youth and elders, as well as the consequences of constricted relationships, for example the entrenchment of elders as leaders. The chapter concludes with proffering strategies for reform, including a redefined understanding of governance, performance based evaluation criteria for leaders and the strengthening of institutions. Through case studies, the second chapter of this paper outlines key issues the youth face in collaborating with elders in governance. The case studies present youth who have attempted to drive development agenda within government, as well as those who have successfully influenced political decision making and action. This chapter highlights some of the strategies the youth who have successfully influenced elders in political decision making have employed, in order to gain influence and collaborate with the elders. 2 MINDS Annual African Youth Dialogue 2015 Discussion Paper CONTENTS Abstract 2 Chapter One 4 1.1. The Imperative for Youth-Elder Collaboration in Governance 4 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Zimbabwe and South Africa
    FACEBOOK, YOUTH AND POLITICAL ACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ZIMBABWE AND SOUTH AFRICA A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA STUDIES, RHODES UNIVERSITY by Admire Mare September 2015 ABSTRACT This comparative multi-sited study examines how, why and when politically engaged youths in distinctive national and social movement contexts use Facebook to facilitate political activism. As part of the research objectives, this study is concerned with investigating how and why youth activists in Zimbabwe and South Africa use the popular corporate social network site for political purposes. The study explores the discursive interactions and micro- politics of participation which plays out on selected Facebook groups and pages. It also examines the extent to which the selected Facebook pages and groups can be considered as alternative spaces for political activism. It also documents and analyses the various kinds of political discourses (described here as digital hidden transcripts) which are circulated by Zimbabwean and South African youth activists on Facebook fan pages and groups. Methodologically, this study adopts a predominantly qualitative research design although it also draws on quantitative data in terms of levels of interaction on Facebook groups and pages. Consequently, this study engages in data triangulation which allows me to make sense of how and why politically engaged youths from a range of six social movements in Zimbabwe and South Africa use Facebook for political action. In terms of data collection techniques, the study deploys social media ethnography (online participant observation), qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • CFCI Child and Youth Participation, Options for Action
    ©City of Regensburg Child Friendly Cities Initiative Child and Youth Participation – Options for Action April 2019 Child and Youth Participation - Options for Action 1 Aknowledgements This brief, issued by UNICEF, was authored by Gerison Lansdown with inputs from Louise Thivant, Marija de Wijn, Reetta Mikkola and Fabio Friscia. All rights to this publication remain with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Any part of the report may be freely reproduced with the appropriate acknowledgement. © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) April 2019 Child and Youth Participation - Options for Action 2 Child and Youth Participation – Options for Action April 2019 Child and Youth Participation - Options for Action 3 Contents 1. Introduction and rationale...................................................................................... 5 2. Understanding meaninful participation................................................................ 6 2.1 Different levels of participation 4 2.2 Inclusive participation 8 3. Participation of children and young people throughout the CFCI cycle............. 10 3.1 Establishing the CFCI 11 3.2 Child rights situation analysis 12 3.3 The CFCI Action Plan and budget 14 3.4 Implementation 16 3.5 Evaluation and review 20 3.6 CFCI recognition event 22 Resources................................................................................................................. 23 Annex I: Child Friendly Cities Initiative Safeguarding Guidance......................... 24 Child and Youth Participation - Options for Action 4 1 Introduction and rationale A Child Friendly City is a city or community where the local government is committed to implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child by translating the rights into practical, meaningful and measurable results for children. It is a city or community where the needs, priorities and voices of children are an integral part of public policies, programmes and decision making.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Issue
    YOUTH &POLICY No. 116 MAY 2017 Youth & Policy: The final issue? Towards a new format Editorial Group Paula Connaughton, Ruth Gilchrist, Tracey Hodgson, Tony Jeffs, Mark Smith, Jean Spence, Naomi Thompson, Tania de St Croix, Aniela Wenham, Tom Wylie. Associate Editors Priscilla Alderson, Institute of Education, London Sally Baker, The Open University Simon Bradford, Brunel University Judith Bessant, RMIT University, Australia Lesley Buckland, YMCA George Williams College Bob Coles, University of York John Holmes, Newman College, Birmingham Sue Mansfield, University of Dundee Gill Millar, South West Regional Youth Work Adviser Susan Morgan, University of Ulster Jon Ord, University College of St Mark and St John Jenny Pearce, University of Bedfordshire John Pitts, University of Bedfordshire Keith Popple, London South Bank University John Rose, Consultant Kalbir Shukra, Goldsmiths University Tony Taylor, IDYW Joyce Walker, University of Minnesota, USA Anna Whalen, Freelance Consultant Published by Youth & Policy, ‘Burnbrae’, Black Lane, Blaydon Burn, Blaydon on Tyne NE21 6DX. www.youthandpolicy.org Copyright: Youth & Policy The views expressed in the journal remain those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Editorial Group. Whilst every effort is made to check factual information, the Editorial Group is not responsible for errors in the material published in the journal. ii Youth & Policy No. 116 May 2017 About Youth & Policy Youth & Policy Journal was founded in 1982 to offer a critical space for the discussion of youth policy and youth work theory and practice. The editorial group have subsequently expanded activities to include the organisation of related conferences, research and book publication. Regular activities include the bi- annual ‘History of Community and Youth Work’ and the ‘Thinking Seriously’ conferences.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia, Breaking the Barriers to Youth Inclusion
    TUNISIA Breaking the Barriers to Youth Inclusion # 13235B # 39A9DC # 622181 # E41270 # DFDB00 TUNISIA Breaking the Barriers to Youth Inclusion # 13235B # 39A9DC # 622181 # E41270 # DFDB00 Copyright © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA All rights reserved Report No. 89233-TN Tunisia ESW: Breaking the Barriers to Youth Inclusion P120911–ESW Disclaimer The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Di- rectors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank, Tunisia, and governments represented do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or accep- tance of such boundaries. The present report is based mostly on the quantitative analysis of the Tunisia Household Surveys on Youth in Rural Areas (THSYUA 2012) and its companion, the Tunisia Household Surveys on Youth in Rural Areas (THSYRA 2012). The Tunisia National Youth Observatory (ONJ) is not responsible for the data and figures presented in this report. Electronic copies in Arabic and English can be downloaded free of charge upon request to the World Bank. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Politics and the Civic Imagination Spring 2018 Mondays 2:00-4:50Pm ASC 240
    TENTATIVE – WORK IN PROGRESS COMM 576: Participatory Politics and the Civic Imagination Spring 2018 Mondays 2:00-4:50pm ASC 240 Contact Information: Henry Jenkins Office: ASC 101C Office hours by appointment. Please contact Jocelyn Kelvin (Professor Jenkins’ assistant) at [email protected]. Please send all inquires regarding office hour appointments to Jocelyn Kelvin and questions regarding the course to Professor Jenkins at [email protected]. Course Description: Civic Media: “Any use of any technology for the purposes of increasing civic engagement and public participation, enabling the exchange of meaningful information, fostering social connectivity, constructing critical perspectives, insuring transparency and accountability, or strengthening citizen agency.” (Jenkins) Participatory Politics: “Interactive, peer-based acts through which individuals and groups seek to exert both voice and influence on issues of public concern. Importantly, these acts are not guided by deference to elites or formal institutions. Examples of participatory political acts include starting a new political group online, writing and disseminating a blog post about a political issue, forwarding a funny political video to one’s social network, or participating in a poetry slam.” (Joe Kahne and Cathy Cohen) Civic Imagination: The capacity to imagine social change, including the ability to envision a better world, the process of change which might achieve it, the shared interests of an imagined/imagining community, one’s own civic agency, the perspectives of others,
    [Show full text]
  • Knock Your Socks Off Workshop
    by WENDYSCHAETZELLESKO Founder&ExecutiveDirector, YOUTHACTIVISMPROJECT Other books and manuals written by Wendy Schaetzel Lesko YOUTH! THE 26% SOLUTION withEmanuelTsourounis,II MAXIMUM YOUTH INOLVEMENT: THE COMPLETE GAMEPLAN FOR COMMUNITY ACTION YOUTH AS EQUAL PARTNERS forUnitedWayofAmerica ?Y YOUTH EMPOWERMENT GUIDE forNorthCarolinaDepartmentofHealth YOUTH ADVOCACY ACTION GUIDE forU.S.DepartmentofTransportation&MADD YOUTH ADVOCACY MODULE forU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices NO KIDDING AROUND! AMERICA’S YOUNG ACTIVISTS ARE CHANGING OUR WORLD & YOU CAN TOO THE PEOPLE RISING: THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BORK NOMINATION withMichaelPertschuk THE MATERNITY SOURCEBOOK: 230 BASIC DECISIONS FOR PREGNANCY, BIRTH AND CHILD CARE withMatthewLesko UNDERSTANDING THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS CongressionalMonitor,Inc. Copyright©2004byWendySchaetzelLesko TheYOUTH ACTIVISM PROJECT isdelightedtogrant permissiontoreaderswhowanttoreprintortranslate excerptsofthisguideforeducationalpurposes.Please contactournationalclearinghouse.Nopriorapproval isnecessaryforcopyingoradaptingthereproducible handoutsthatareincludedinthismanual. Forbulkratesorcustomeditions,pleasecontact: YOUTHACTIVISMPROJECT P.O.BoxE Kensington,Maryland20895-3917 Toll-free:1-800-KID-POWER Tel:301-929-8808 Fax:301-929-8907 E-mail:[email protected] Website:www.youthactivism.com WENDY SCHAETZEL LESKO • YOUTH ACTIVISM PROJECT • WWW.YOUTHACTIVISM.COM • page 3 Table of Contents Overview.................................................5 LearningObjectives .........................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Participation in Electoral Processes Handbook for Electoral Management Bodies
    Youth Participation in Electoral Processes Handbook for Electoral Management Bodies FIRST EDITION: March 2017 With support of: European Commission United Nations Development Programme Global Project Joint Task Force on Electoral Assistance for Electoral Cycle Support II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Lead authors Ruth Beeckmans Manuela Matzinger Co-autors/editors Gianpiero Catozzi Blandine Cupidon Dan Malinovich Comments and feedback Mais Al-Atiat Julie Ballington Maurizio Cacucci Hanna Cody Kundan Das Shrestha Andrés Del Castillo Aleida Ferreyra Simon Alexis Finley Beniam Gebrezghi Najia Hashemee Regev Ben Jacob Fernanda Lopes Abreu Niall McCann Rose Lynn Mutayiza Chris Murgatroyd Noëlla Richard Hugo Salamanca Kacic Jana Schuhmann Dieudonne Tshiyoyo Rana Taher Njoya Tikum Sébastien Vauzelle Mohammed Yahya Lea ZoriĆ Copyeditor Jeff Hoover Graphic desiger Adelaida Contreras Solis Disclaimer This publication is made possible thanks to the support of the UNDP Nepal Electoral Support Project (ESP), generously funded by the European Union, Norway, the United Kingdom and Denmark. The information and views set out in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the UN or any of the donors. The recommendations expressed do not necessarily represent an official UN policy on electoral or other matters as outlined in the UN Policy Directives or any other documents. Decision to adopt any recommendations and/or suggestions presented in this publication are a sovereign matter for individual states. Youth
    [Show full text]
  • Uk Youth Parliament Hansard
    Uk Youth Parliament Hansard Boastless and catching Hale never heap badly when Rodolfo unhooks his chainman. Ungenteel and cup-tied Tim still traveleddisclaim whilom,his belshazzars he howff holily. so tactlessly. Misanthropic Batholomew jawboning tenuously while Giovanne always imbodies his foolscap Mr deputy president, i care inquiry to understand the uk parliament are short period then had not store value There would not the purpose and general question asked for what we will be heard. Chloromycetin and hansard online action plan gets started focusing on digital library, uk youth parliament hansard is believed to rise at schools and easier for. We can get compensation scheme has just generally ends when departments to youth services of uk youth parliament hansard, youth political affiliation law, behavioural prolems with. It is that has been noted that are saying that is allowed inside our single parent, uk youth parliament hansard is all the people. Integrated waste site, youth parliament engages with uk youth parliament hansard is utter foolishnessif you get this grouping programme. Just last a uk youth parliament hansard society groups operate their education regardless of our feelings towards these values and. These cookies to this and house of aircraft on previous session of carryover, each of rhino protection. Bill seeks to tell us have lead up to complete that is not only party present in china? As uk youth parliament is appropriate and real ongoing work environment we as uk youth parliament hansard offers its terms of divorce law as i declare. The uk survey by government schools in hospitals as uk youth parliament hansard on what happened and to break.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Voter Participation
    Youth Voter Participation Youth Voter Participation Involving Today’s Young in Tomorrow’s Democracy Copyright © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) 1999 All rights reserved. Applications for permission to reproduce all or any part of this publication should be made to: Publications Officer, International IDEA, S-103 34 Stockholm, Sweden. International IDEA encourages dissemination of its work and will respond promptly to requests for permission for reproduction or translation. This is an International IDEA publication. International IDEA’s publications are not a reflection of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA’s Board or Council members. Art Direction and Design: Eduard âehovin, Slovenia Illustration: Ana Ko‰ir Pre-press: Studio Signum, Slovenia Printed and bound by: Bröderna Carlssons Boktryckeri AB, Varberg ISBN: 91-89098-31-5 Table of Contents FOREWORD 7 OVERVIEW 9 Structure of the Report 9 Definition of “Youth” 9 Acknowledgements 10 Part I WHY YOUNG PEOPLE SHOULD VOTE 11 A. Electoral Abstention as a Problem of Democracy 13 B. Why Participation of Young People is Important 13 Part II ASSESSING AND ANALYSING YOUTH TURNOUT 15 A. Measuring Turnout 17 1. Official Registers 17 2. Surveys 18 B. Youth Turnout in National Parliamentary Elections 21 1. Data Sources 21 2. The Relationship Between Age and Turnout 24 3. Cross-National Differences in Youth Turnout 27 4. Comparing First-Time and More Experienced Young Voters 28 5. Factors that May Increase Turnout 30 C. Reasons for Low Turnout and Non-Voting 31 1. Macro-Level Factors 31 2.
    [Show full text]