Brief Communication A UNANI PERSPECTIVE OF MASSAGE: DALAK

Hana Abbasi1, Hifzul Kabir2

1P.G.Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Deptt. Of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062.

ABSTRACT Unani system of medicine provides comprehension about the state of human body while in health and during turn down of health. Unani system strives to find the best methods to leads a healthy life with minimal or zero risk of any sickness additionally, the treatment is not only done through unani formulations but also by the regimenal therapies (Tadabeer) like Cupping (Hijamah), Leeching (Taleeq), Venesection (Fasd), Massage (Dalak), Exercise (Riyazat) etc. Massage (Dalak) is widely practiced regimens, which are used for restrorative, preventive as well as for therapeutic purposes. Almost all the civilizations having evidences about the use of massage in their manuscripts to improve impure blood or impurities from the body. Massage (Dalak) found to be effective in treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Ibn Rushd stated that Massage (Dalak) is a type of exercise used for the removal of toxins or waste metabolites from the body. According to the disease, Massage (dalak) should be done in different parts of body and with different types of oils (roganiyat) and single drugs (mufrid advia).

Keywords Massage (Dalak), neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, oils (roghaniyat).

CONCEPT OF MASSAGE (DALAK) ON THE BASIS OF QUALITY (KAIFIYAT) Massage (Dalak) is one such intervention used by the Unani (i) Hard Massage (Dalak Sulb) It is a type of massage where physicians found to be effective in minimizing the disabilities the firm pressure is applied to make the pores more stronger. and hence improving the living condition of the patients. It is a (ii) Smooth Massage (Dalak Layyan) In this type, massage is type of passive exercise which helps in elimination of waste done slowly and softly with hands, to make the pores more products or end product of metabolism (Hazm-e Ākhir) prominent and for the relaxation of tissues. (Kabiruddin M., 1938) It modifies viscous secretions (Ghalīẓ (iii) Moderate Massage (Dalak Moatadil) In this type of raṭūbat), makes it diluted (Raqīq), produce light heat (Laṭīf massage pressure is applied moderately between Sulb and ḥarārat) and makes muscles and tendons strong. Viscous Layyan. (Ghalīẓ) and hazy matters which are adhering to a particular organ can be easily removed with the help of massage (dalak) ON THE BASIS OF QUANTITY (KAMMIYAT) (Ghani N., YNM) (iv) Prolonged Massage (Dalak Kaseer) This type of massage is Massage (Dalak) is a curative technique or systemic done for longer duration. manipulation of body tissues with the help of hands or any (v) Short Massage (Dalak Qaleel) This type of massage is done other objects like rough clothes. It is a type of exercise in which for shorter duration. pressure or friction, kneading, rubbing, tapping, pounding, (vi) Moderate Massage (Dalak Moatadil) The duration of this vibrations should be done on the surface of body with or massage is in between Kaseer (Prolonged) and Qaleel (Short). without any oil, to increase the blood circulation and remove the toxins from the body. COMPOUND MASSAGE (DALAK MURAKKAB) Compound Massage (Dalak Murakkab) is the combination of TYPES OF MASSAGE (DALAK) different types of Massage (Dalak) and it is divided in to nine Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd have classified Massage (Dalak) as types single massage (Dalak Baseet) and compound massage (Dalak · Hard prolonged massage (Dalak Sulb Kaseer) Murakkab) and they again divided the single massage (Dalak · Soft prolonged massage (Dalak Layyan Kaseer) Baseet) on the basis of quality (kafiyat) and quantity (kammiyat) · Moderate prolonged massage (Dalak Moatadil Kaseer) into 6 types (Kabiruddin M., 1938, Ahmed Kamal et.al, 2014, · Hard short massage (Dalak Sulb Qaleel) Khan M.N., 2008) · soft short massage (Dalak Layyan Qaleel)

* · Moderate short massage (Dalak Moatadil Qaleel) Correspondence: Hana Abbasi · Hard moderate massage (Dalak Sulb Moatadil) E-mail: [email protected] Received Jul 26, 2019; Accepted Aug 10, 2019; Published Aug 31, · Soft moderate massage (Dalak Layyan Moatadil) 2019 · Moderate moderate massage (Dalak Moatadil Moatadil) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5667/tang.2019.0014 · (Kabiruddin M., 1938, Ahmed Kamal et.al, 2014) ©2019 by Association of Humanitas Medicine This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license. Apart from the above varieties of massage there are also few (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) TANG / www.e-tang.org 2019 / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / e6 1 A UNANI PERSPECTIVE OF MASSAGE: DALAK other types of massage like: gently in the beginning and then vigorously towards the · Rough massage (Dalak Khashin) This type of massage end. It is done before exercise in order to prepare the is done with a rough piece of cloth. It draws the blood body for undergoing different movements during rapidly to the surface. exercise. · Gentle Massage (Dalak Amlas) This type of massage is · Relaxing Massage (Dalak Isterdad) It is also known as carried out softly with hands or soft piece of cloth. It Dalak Musakkin. It is done towards the end of exercise increases blood flow in the treated area. and should be carried out gently and in moderation, · Preparatory Massage before Starting Exercise (Dalak preferably with oil. (Ahmed Kamal et.al, 2014, Khan Istedad) it is a special type of massage which is done H.A., 1983)

Table 1. LIST OF DIFFERENT OILS USED FOR MASSAGE AND THEIR INGREDIENTS.

NAME OF OIL INGREDIENTS Rogan e bedanjeer Ricinus communis (Magaz e arand)

Rogan e auraak Calotropis gigantean (Barg aak), Melia azedarach (Barg bakayin), Ricinus communis (Barg arand), Vitex negundo (Barg sambhalu), Moringa oleifera (Barg sehjana), Datura stramonium (Barg datura siyah), Euphorbia tirucalli (Barg thohar), Eclipta alba (Barg bhangra)

Rogan e baboon Matricaria chamomile (Gul baboona)

Rogan e badaam shireen Prunus dulcis (Magaz badaam shireen)

Rogan e banafsha Viola odorata (Gul banafsha)

Rogan e chahaar barg Datura stramonium (Barg dhatura), Calotropis gigantean (Barg aak), Ricinus communis (Barg bedanjeer)

Rogan e zard Curcuma longa (Chob zard), Cedrus deodara (Deodar), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Aslaluus), Berberis aristata (Darhald).

Rogan e surkh Rubia cordifolia (Majeeth), Cassia bark (Taj), Myrica nagi thumb (Kaifal), Permalia periata (Charila), Cyperus rotundus (Nagar motha), Acorus calamus (Waj), Eugenia coryophyllata (Qaranfal), Curcuma cassia (|Narkachoor) Rogan e seer Euphorbia resinifera (Farfiyoon), Anacylus pyrethrum (Aaqarqarha), Piper nigrum (Filfil siyah), Ruta graveolans (Suddab) Rogan e sarshaf Datura stramonium (Barg dhatura), Calotropis gigantean (Barg aak), Zingiber officinale (Sonth), Papaver somniferum (Aafiyoon) Rogan e shifa Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi), Nigella sativa (Shoneez)

Rogan e qust Saussurea lappa (Qust talkh), Valirina jatamansi (Sunbul ut teeb), Castoreum (Jundbedster), Piper nigrum (Filfil siyah), Euphorbia resinifera (Farfiyoon) Rogan e kahu Lactuca sativa seed (Tukhm kahu)

Rogan e kadu Lagenaria siceraria fruit (Kadu daraaz)

Rogan e kuchla Papaver somniferum latex (Aafiyoon), cow milk (Sheer e gaw), Strychnos nux-vomica (Kuchla)

Rogan e kalan Prunus amygdalus (Magaz badam talkh), Nigella sativa (Shoneez), Ricinus communis (Magaz bedanjeer), Commiphora mukul (Muqil), Saussurea lappa (Qust), Euphorbia resinifera (Farfiyun), Castoreum (Jund bed astar), Swertia chirata (Chiraita), Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) Foeniculum vulgare (Baikh badiyan), Plumbago zeylanicum (Sheetraj hindi), Anacylus pyrethrum (Aaqarqarha), Piper nigrum (Filfil siyah), Valirina jatamansi (Sunbul ut teeb), Iris ensata (Baikh sosan), portulaca oleracea (Khurfa), Permalia periata (Ushna), Cassia bark (Salikha), Commiphora myrrh (Murmaki), Eugenia coryophyllata (Qaranfal), Boswalia serrata (Kundur) Rogan gul Rosa (Gulab ke phool)

Rogan e aakh Calotropis gigantean (Gul aak), Cannabis sativa (Barg bhang), Colchicum mutans (Suranjaan talkh), Zingiber officinale (Zanjabeel) Rogan e laboob saba Corylus avellaua (Magaz funduk), Pistachia vera (Magaz pista), Prunus dulcis (Magaz badam shireen), Sesamum indicum (Kunjud), Pinus gerardiana (Magaz chilgoza), Lagenaria siceraria (Magaz tukhm kadu shireen), Myristica fragrance (Magaz joz) Rogan e mujarib Swertia chirata (Chiraita), Saussurea lappa (Qust talkh), Andropogon schoenathus (Izkhar maki), Colchicum mutans (Suranjaan talkh), Piper cubeba (Kabab chini), Lodoicea maldivica (Narjeel), Valerina wallichil (Asaroon), Curcuma zedoaria (Zarnabad), Myrica nagi thumb (Kaifal), Anacylus pyrethrum (Aaqarqarha), Litsea chinensis (Maida lakdi), Pyrethrum indicum (Bozidaan), Castoreum (Jund bed astar), Euphorbia resinifera (Farfiyun), Myristica fragrance (Jauzbuwa), Zingiber officinale (Zanjabeel), Commiphora mukul (Muqil)

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OILS AND SINGLE DRUGS (ROGANIYAT AND ADVIA · Jund baid astar, aaqr qarha, hilteet mixed with rogan e MUFRID) USED IN MASSAGE (DALAK) zaitoon and massage on the effective part. If there is · HEADACHE (SUDA): Rogan e laboob e saba, rogan e excess of balgam then massage with lukewarm rogan e karanfal, rogan e darchini. surkh, rogan e seer, rogan e kuchla. · MIGRAINE (SHAQIQA): Rogan e kahu, rogan e · SPASM (TASHANNUJ): Rogan qust, Jund baid astar, khashkhash. farfiyoon, maida saila grind with mom safaid and · INSOMNIA (SEHR): Roghan e laboob e saba, rogan e mixed with rogan e sosan or rogan e baid injeer and kahu, roghan e badam shireen, rogan e banafsha, rogan massage on effective part. e kadu, Tukhm khashkhash, tukhm bhang boil with cow · ARTHRITIS (WAJA UL MAFASIL): Rogan e kuchla, milk, after cooling down massage it on the soles. Goat rogan e gul aakh, rogan qust, rogan surkh, rogan e hina, milk massage on calves and soles. rogan e arand, rogan e auraq, rogan e baboona, rogan e · SOMNOLENCE (SUBAAT): Rogan e bilsa, rogan e chahaar barg, rogan e sarshaf. qust. · SCIATICA (IRQ UN NISA): Rogan e surkh, rogan e · HEMIPLAGIA (FALIJ): Rogan surkh, rogan e kalan, suranjan, rogan e shifa, rogan e aakh, rogan e chahaar roghan e seer, rogan e khawaash, rogan e auraaq, barg. Barg e qinnab, gul e aakh, suranjaan talkh, roghan e mom, roghan e shifa, roghan e qust, roghan e zanjabeel soaked overnight in water then boil with mujarib. rogan e sarshaf and massage on effective part. · TREMOR (R’ASHA): Rogan e qust, rogan e kalan, (Kabiruddin M., 1938) rogan e mujarib,

TEMPERAMENT OF HOT DRUGS (MIZAJ E HAAR ADVIA) Ricinus communis oil (Arand) Hot2 Dry2

Calotropis gigantean (Aak) Hot3 Dry3

Vitex negundo (Sambhalu) Hot2 Dry2

Moringa oleifera (Sehjana) Hot2 Dry2

Euphorbia tirucalli (Thohar) Hot4 Dry4

Eclipta alba (Bhangra) Hot2 Dry2

Matricaria chamomile (Baboon) Hot2 Dry2

Prunus dulcis (Badam shireen) Hot1 Moist1

Curcuma longa (Chob zard) Hot2 Dry2

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Aslalsus) Hot2 Dry2

Rubia cordifolia (Majeeth) Hot2 Dry2

Cassia bark (Taj) Hot2 Dry2

Myrica nagi thumb (Kaifal) Hot2 Dry2

Permalia periata (Charila) Hot1 Dry 1

Cyperus rotundus (Nagar motha) Hot2 Dry2

Acorus calamus (Waj) Hot3 Dry2

Eugenia coryophyllata (Qaranfal) Hot 3 Dry3

Curcuma cassia (Narkachoor) Hot2 Dry 3

Euphorbia resinifera (Farfiyun) Hot4 Dry4

Anacylus pyrethrum (Aaqarqarha) Hot3 Dry3

Piper nigrum (Filfil siyah) Hot2 Dry2

Ruta graveolans (Suddab) Hot2 Dry2

Zingiber officinale (Sonth) Hot2 Dry2

Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi), Hot2 Dry2

Nigella sativa (Shoneez) Hot2 Dry2

Saussurea lappa (Qust talkh) Hot3 Dry3

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Valirina jatamansi (Sunbul ut teeb) Hot2 Dry2

Castoreum (Jund bed astar) Hot2 Dry2

Strychnos nux-vomica (Kuchla) Hot 4 Dry4

Commiphora mukul (Muqil) Hot2 Dry2

Swertia chirata (Chiraita) Hot2 Dry2

Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) Hot2 Dry2

Foeniculum vulgare (Badiyan) Hot2 Dry1

Plumbago zeylanicum (Shitraj hindi) Hot3 Dry3

Iris ensata (Sosan) Hot3 Dry3

Commiphora myrrh (Murmaki) Hot2 Dry2

Eugenia coryophyllata (Qaranfal) Hot3 Dry3

Boswalia serrata (Kundur) Hot2 Dry2

Colchicum mutans (Suranjaan talkh) Hot3 Dry3

Corylus avellaua (Magaz funduk) Hot2 Moist2

Magaz pista (Pistachia vera) Hot2 Moist2

Sesamum indicum (Kunjud) Hot2 Moist2

Pinus gerardiana (Magaz chilgoza) Hot2 Moist1

Andropogon schoenathus (Izkhar maki) Hot1 Dry1

Piper cubeba (Kabab chini) Hot2 Dry2

Lodoicea maldivica (Narjeel) Hot2 Moist2

Valerina wallichil (Asaroon) Hot2 Dry2

Melia azedarach (Bakayin) Cold2 Dry2

Datura stramonium (Datura siyah) Cold4 Dry4

Viola odorata (Banafsha) Cold1 Moist2

Cedrus deodara (Deodar) Cold2 Dry2

Berberis aristata (Darhald) Cold2 Dry2

Papaver somniferum (Aafiyoon) Cold 4 Dry4

Lactuca sativa (Tukhm kahu) Cold2 Moist2

Lagenaria siceraria (Kadu daraaz) Cold2 Moist2

portulaca oleracea (Khurfa) Cold1 Dry1

Table 2.TEMPERAMENT OF DRUGS (ADVIA KA MIZAJ)(Kabeeruddin, 1954 A.D, Kabeeruddin, YNM, Shirani H.G.H, 1942)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ahmed K, Jahan N, Aslam M, Kausar H, Kahlid M, Ali H. Dalak (Massage) in Unani Medicine: A Review, International The authors have no conflicting financial interests. Journal of Advanced Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, 2014:3(1):162-174.

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