DOCSLIB.ORG

Botanica Marina Diatoms from the Vaal Dam Catchment Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Botanica Marina Diatoms from the Vaal Dam Catchment Area I P Sonderdruck aus Botanica Marina Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 30 Botanica Marina Vol. XIV, S. 17—70, 1971 Diatoms from the Vaal Dam Catchment Area Transvaal, South Africa R. B. M. ARCHIBALD (Co.ancilfor Scientific and Industrial Research; .Nktional Institute for Water Research, Grahanistows, South Africa) (Received 22. 5. 1970) The Vaal Dam is of great importance to South Africa as tributaries above the confluence of the Klip and Vaal it ensures a good supply of water to the Witwatersrand Rivers; the Waterval River System included the Water complex, South Africa’s most important industrial and val River and its tributaries together with the lower parts mining centre, and the problem of pollution and pro of the Vaal River; and finally the Wilge River System tection of the waters flowing into this dam is therefore comprising the Wilge River and all its tributaries. of very great significance. Consequently, in 1955 the The material for the investigation was collected on a “Special Sub-committee on Stream Surveys in the Wit number of different occasions by Dr. B. J. CHOLNOKY, watersrand” (organised by the National Institute for Dr. F. M. CHUTTER and the author. In July 1957 and Water Research) recommended that a survey of the Vaal July 1958 a series of samples, numbered in the range Dam Catchment Area should be undertaken (MALAN Vaal 200—299, were collected by CHOLNOKY from die 1960: 1). The objects of this survey were to gather back Wilge River System. During die entire period of the ground knowledge of die conditions in this area, and survey, i. e. from 1958 to 1960, CHUTTER made irregular to study the factors that affect the quality of the water in collections of a large number of diatom samples from the rivers and streams running into the Vaal Dam. his sampling stations (CHUI’rER 1967: 57, Table 11 and Subsequently MALAN (1960) undertook a survey of the Fig. 9); these samples were numbered in the series Vanl area with regard to the chemical quality of the surface 300—399. In August 1960 CH0LNOKY made a further waters of the catchment area. In his report on this sur collection of samples, Vaal 400—-499, from the Vaal, vey MALAN recommended that from a biological point of Klip and Waterval River Systems. Finally the author, view,,the flora and fauna of the main river systems should while on a trip round die catchment area, made a small be evaluated with a view to assessing pollution effects collection of diatom material (Vaal 500 onwards) of accurately and determining the effects of changing in which only a few were examined and analysed. dustrial and agricultural activity”. In fulfilment of this The distribution of the sampling points is shown on recommendation CHUTTER (1967) completed the studies Map 1. The numbers enclosed within a square refer to on die fauna of the catchment area, and this report is CHirrmR’s sampling stations (Cuorma 1967: Fig. 9), and presented as a contribution towards the survey of the the numbers written alongside them refer to the samples Vaal Dam Catchment Area. collected at that point. Sampling points, which did not The catchment area of the Vaal Dam covers an area of coincide with any of CHUTTER’s stations, are indicated approximately 38.000 square kilometers to the south and by a black dot next to which die sample numbers collect south-east of Johannesburg, and is a large, relatively ed at that point are noted. In the text any sampling point shallow basin. The greater part of the catchment area designated “Station” refers to CHUTTER’s sampling is flat, gently undulating grassland lying at an altitude of stations. between 1300 and 1580 meters above sea level (CHUnER In the list below, brief descriptions of the samples, 1967: 47). The highest ground lies in the south where the sampling stations and sampling points are given. Elands River rises on the northern slopes of Mont-aux Vaal 203 — A large river near the Witzieshoek Reserve Sources in the Drakensberg. The catchment area con on the road from Kestell to Witzieshoek. 24. 7. 57. sists of two main water courses (see Map 1), the Vaal Vaal 204 — A swiftly flowing river nearer to the Witzies River and its tributaries draining the more easterly re hoek Reserve. 24. 7. 57. gions of the catchment area, and the Wilge River drain Vaal 231 — The Wilge River at Frankfort. Station 13 of ing the more westerly regions. For convenience the CHUTTER. 11.7.58. catchment area was divided into four river systems, which are referred to in the text as the Vaal River System, the Vaal 233 — The Wilge River south of Frankfort, above Klip River System, the Waterval River System and die the bridge on die Frankfort—Reitz road. 11.7. 58. Wilge River System. The Vaal River System is composed Vaal 236 — A small stream near the village of Tweeling of the Vaal River and its tributaries down to the con on the Frankfort—Reitz road. 11. 7. 58. fluence of the Klip River just below Standerton; die Vaal 237 — Another small river south of Tweeling on Klip River System embraced the Klip River and its the Tweeling—Reitz road. 11.7. 58. &tanica Marina / Vol. XIV / 1971 / Suppi. I. is Archibald: Diatoms from the Vaal Dam Catchment Area, Transvaal, South Africa LLI~!!I~!? ‘P Scale 01 MileS. The Scimpting Points and Stations of the VoaL Dam Catchment Area. Botanica Msrina / Vol. XIV / 1971 / Sup Archibald: Diatoms from the Vaal Dam Catchment Area, Transvaal, South Africa 19 Vaal 238 — A large river about 5 km north of Reitz on Vaal 325 — The Waterval River where it is crossed by the Tweeing—Reitz road. 11.7. 58. the Balfour—Standerton road. Station 7 of CHUTTER. Vaal 239 — The Liebenbergsvlei River between Beth 10. 9. 59. lehem and Reitz. 11. 7. 58. Vaal 326 — The Sandspruit stream at Sandspruit on the Vaa1240— A marshy river about l6kmfromKestell on national road from Standerton to Volksrust. Station 8 of the Kestell—Bethlehern road. This is probably the CHUTTER. 16. 9. 58. Tier River. Ice was present on the water surface. Vaal 327 — The headwaters of the Wilge River, where 12. 7. 58. it is crossed by the Harrismith—Colling’s Pass road. Vaal 242 — A large tributary of the As River, about Station 9 of CrWTTER. 15. 10. 58. 24 km east of Bethlehem on the Kestell—Bethlehem Vaal 328 — The same locality as Vaal 327. Stones in road. 12. 7. 58. current. 9. 12. 58. Vaal 245 — A small tributary of the Tier River on the Vaal 330 — The Wilge River at Swinburne. Station 10 Bethlehem — Warden road, near the Sherbrooke Station. of CHUTTER. 17. 9. 58. 12. 7. 58. Vaal 331 — The Wilge River at the bridge at its entrance Vaal 249 — A small spring on the side of the road about to Harrismith. Station hA of CHUTTER. 17. 9. 58. 32 km west of Warden on the Bethlehem—Warden road. Vaal 332 — The Wilge River where it leaves Harri Probably the Russespruit stream. 12. 7. 58. smith. Station 118 of CHUTTER. 17. 9. 58. Vaal 253 — The Holspruit, swiftly flowing, where it is Vaal 333 — The Wilge River a littie below Harrismith. crossed by the Vrede—Warden road. 12. 7. 58. Station I1C of CHUTTER. 14. 10. 58. Vaal 261 — The Seekoeivlei near Memel. 13. 7. 58. Vaal 334 — The Wilge River where it is crossed by the Vaal 266 — The Cornelis River, 29 km south of Memel road from Warden to Harrismith. Station 12 of CHUTmK. on the Memel—Harrismith road. 13. 7. 58. 15. 9. 58. Vaal 301 — The headwaters of the Vaal River between Vaal 335 — The Wilge River at Frankfort. Station 13 of Breyten and Lake Chrissie. Station I of CHUTTER. CHUTTER. 18. 9. 58. 16. 9. 58. Vaal 336 — The Molen River where it is crossed by the Vaal 306 — The Vaal River where it is crossed by the Warden—Harrismith road. Station 14 of CHUTTER. Ermelo—Amsterdam road. Marginal mud. Station 2A of 17. 9. 58. CHUTTER. 22. 7. 59. Vaal 337 — The Waterval River where it is crossed by Vaal 307 — The same locality as Vaal 306. Stones in the Standerton—Leslie road at Roodebank. Stones in Current. 19. 1. 60. current. Station 17 of CHUTTER. 20. 7. 59. Vaal 309 — The Vaal River where it is crossed by the Vaal 338— The same locality as Vaal 337. 22. 9. 59. Morgenzon—Amersfoort road. Station 3 of CHUTTER. Vaal 339 — The same locality as Vaal 337. Stones in 15. 9. 58. current. 19. 1. 60. Vaal 312 — The same locality as Vaal 309. Stones in Vaal 340 — The same locality as Vaal 337. Marginal ve current 23. 9. 59. getation. 19. 1. 60. Vaal 313 — The Vaal River at Standerton. Below the Vaal 342 — The Kafflrspruit stream where it is crossed creamery effluent. Station 4 of CHUTTER. 15. 9. 58. by the Morgenzon—Ermelo road. Station 19 of CHUT Vaal 315 — The same locality as Vaal 313. Stones in TER. 15. 9. 58. current. 22. 9. 59. Vaal 343 — The same locality as Vaal 342. Stones in Vaal 316 .—. The same locality as Vaal 313. Stones in current. 22. 7. 59. current. 19. 1. 60. Vaal 344 — The same locality as Vaal 342. 20. 1. 60. Vaal 317 — The Vaal River below Station 4, below the Sewage Works at Standerton. Station 5 of CHUTTER. Vaal 345 — From a seepage on a bank of a headwaters 15. 9. 58. tributary of the Kleinvaal River.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigation of Stratification in the Vaal Dam Using Electrical Conductivity Profiling
    Investigation of Stratification in the Vaal Dam using Electrical Conductivity Profiling Reveck Hariram*, Nicolene Van der Walt** Rand Water, Scientific Services Division, P.O. Box 1127, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]; Tel: +2711 682 0479/0735 ABSTRACT water to more than 11 million people in South Africa. Purifying it and selling it to various Municipalities, mines and industries. The Vaal Dam is continuously monitored to provide an early warning of changes to water quality so that the configuration of the water treatment plant can be adapted to ensure only the best quality water is supplied to our customers. er quality by sampling bi-monthly at four strategically located sampling sites. The two major tributaries entering the Vaal Dam are monitored, namely the Wilge and Vaal River respectively. Furthermore, the water quality at the confluence of these tributaries is also monitored together with the most essential It has been found that the electrical conductivity in the Vaal Dam has been relatively consistent over the years (2003 to 2014) with an average of 25 mS/m. The salinity of the Vaal Dam is greatly influenced by the water quality of the two major tributaries (Wilge and Vaal) and the source water from Lesotho (via Lesotho Highlands Water Scheme) that feeds into the Wilge tributary. The purpose of this study was to investigate and verify if any stratification occurs in the Vaal Dam as previous studies indicated no stratification. In 2014, a new monitoring tool was utilized called the CastAway- CTD. The instrument can be lowered into a river or dam capturing data such as GPS position, conductivity and depth along the vertical profile.
    [Show full text]
  • Strongylopus Hymenopus (Boulenger, 1920) (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)
    A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF AMIETIA VERTEBRALIS (HEWITT, 1927) AND STRONGYLOPUS HYMENOPUS (BOULENGER, 1920) (ANURA: PYXICEPHALIDAE) Jeanne Berkeljon A dissertation submitted in partial fuIJilment of the requirementsfor the degree of Master of Environmental Science North- West University (Potchefitroom campus) Supervisor: Prof Louis du Preez (North-West University) Co-supervisor: Dr Michael Cunningham (University of the Free State) November 2007 Walk away quietly in any direction and taste the fieedom of the mountaineer... Climb the mountains and get their good tidings. Nature's peace will flow into you as sunshine flows into trees. The winds will blow their own freshness into you, and the storms their energy, while cares drop ofSlike autumn leaves. John Muir (1838 - 1914) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII 1.1 Background 1 1.2 A review of the literature 3 1.2.2 Taxonomic history of the Aquatic River Frog, Amietia vertebralis 3 1.2.3 Taxonomic history of the Berg Stream Frog, 7 Strongylopus hymenopus 7 1.3 Research aims and objectives 9 2.1 Study area 2.1.1 Lesotho and the Drakensberg Mountains 2.2 Species Description 2.2.1 Description of the Aquatic River Frog, Amietia vertebralis 2.2.2 Description of the Berg Stream Frog, Strongylopus hymenopus 2.3 Species Distribution 2.3.1 Distribution of Amietia vertebralis 2.3.2 Distribution of Strongylopus hymenopus 2.4 Conservation status 2.5 General Methods 2.5.1 Fieldwork 2.5.2 Morphometrics 2.5.3 Molecular analysis CHAPTER3 : MORPHOMETRICASSESSMENT OF AMETIA VERTEBRALIS AND STRONGYLOPUSHYMENOPUS 33 3.1 Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in Source Water Used for Purification
    The search for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in source water used for purification M Grundlingh* and CME de Wet Rand Water, Microbiology Laboratory, Scientific Services, PO Box 3526, Vereeniging 1930, South Africa Abstract Cryptosporidium and Giardia are intestinal parasites which cause a self limiting gastro-enteritis, in healthy people but severe and often fatal disease in immuno-compromised individuals. Both organisms are characterised by the ability to survive in an aquatic environment with Cryptosporidium having a high tolerance to most of the drinking water disinfectants. The absence of bacteria associated with feacal pollution does not necessarily indicate the absence of Cryptosporidium or Giardia. Being a common cause of waterborne disease, the requirement for detecting the presence of these organisms in environmental and treated water samples is growing. Although cysts and oocysts can be found in natural waters from any source, the risks of contamination are much greater in surface waters than in ground waters. A number of waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, from potable and recreational water have been recorded. In many cases these outbreaks have occurred from water that complies to current microbiology standards. Introduction finished waters during the treatment process, which may result in additional interference. Organisms and debris that autofluoresce or The potential occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia demonstrate non-specific fluorescence, such as algal and yeast cysts in water supplies is a significant issue for the water industry cells, when examined by epifluorescent microscopy, may interfere since outbreaks have been reported in Milwaukee, New Jersey, with the detection of oocysts and cysts and contribute to false North West (UK) and more recently in Sydney, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Botterkloof and Merino II Hydropower Sites
    Feasibility Study of Botterkloof and Merino II Hydropower Sites Presented By BJ Rochecouste Collet W: aurecongroup.com E: [email protected] T: +27 12 427 3144 History & Treaty Lesotho Highlands Water Project delivers water from the Mountains of Lesotho to South Africa by means of dams and tunnels constructed which discharges in the Ash River, near Clarens, Free State Province. Several phases were envisaged. A Treaty between the two governments was signed to ensure the delivery of an average flow of 24.5 m3/s (based on an annual volume) which is applicable to Phase 1 (1A and 1B). New Treaty for Phase 2 states that delivery of (additional) water from Phase 2 would be “on-demand” based on the volume required to compensate the yield of the Vaal catchment (including existing transfers). Scope of Services Aurecon Scope of Services Include: •The Environmental studies; •The Geotechnical Investigation; •The assistance for the WUL application ; •The Interconnections studies; •The Technical Feasibility Study; •Necessary assistance in the bid submission to the DoE for the REIPP programme; •The Detailed Design, Project Management & Construction Supervision. Ash River Reserve Flow (Minimum Maintenance Low Flow): 50 l/s. Phase 1 (A & B) annual flowrate: 24.5 m3/s. Flows into the Liebensbergvlei, then into the Wilge River and thereafter into the Vaal River. Serious erosion problems which lead to construction of several structures to reduce the flow velocity and minimise erosion. Hydrology & Future Flows Year Increase in Yield from Total Mean Annual Flow Phase 2 (m3/s) (m3/s) 2012 - 24.5 2014 - 24.5 2020 5.0 29.5 2025 5.0 29.5 2026 5.2 29.7 2030 6.8 31.3 2034 8.5 33.0 2038 10.1 34.6 Hydrology & Future Flows (Cont.) Botterkloof/Stortemelk Site Project Location The Stortemelk Site is located approximately 1.6 km downstream of the Ash River Outfall at the existing Boston A Dam.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
    Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 8848 – Boitshepi – I&AP Database Last Name First Name Company
    8848 – Boitshepi – I&AP Database Last Name First Name Company City Thandeka Sasolburg Community Developemnt Forum ZAMDELA The Manager Nampak Metal Packaging VANDERBIJLPARK The Manager South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA) MMABATHO The Marketing Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs SANDTON Ackerman PMeaterna ger African Cables (Pty) Ltd VEREENIGING Anderson Tara Lonmin Platinum Mines MARIKANA Antunes Melanie VCR Stereo VEREENIGING Aphane Maria Boipatong Public Library BOIPATONG Banfield John Dixon Batteries VEREENIGING Basson Johan Emfuleni Local Municipality VANDERBIJLPARK Bengani Nomsa NAMPAK Management Services SANDTON Berry Belinda Enviroserv Waste Management BENONI Bester Stefan EnviroBits VANDERBIJLPARK Bezuidenhout Jessica The Sunday Times Newspaper SAXONWOLD Biketsha Mabuli Emfuleni Local Municipality BOPHELONG Boden Denis National Petroleum Refiners of S A (Pty) Ltd (NATREF) SASOLBURG Bokala Willie Sowetan Newspaper JOHANNESBURG Botes Andre Enviro-Fill cc ASTON MANOR Bradshaw John Save the Vaal Environment SASOLBURG Burger Elmie Vaal University of Technology VANDERBIJLPARK Burger Marcia Karan Beef HEIDELBERG Cave Billy Itshokolele Working Group SASOLBURG Christie Lloyd Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs Incorporated SANDTON Coetzee Martin AFCAT SASOLBURG Colegate Gary DCD Dorbyl: Heavy Engineering VEREENIGING Cooks James Dow Sasolburg (Leeu Taaibosspruit Forum) SASOLBURG Cooper Ivan AFCAT SASOLBURG Cornelissen Andries Beeld Newspaper AUCKLAND PARK Da Silva Gina Mama She's Waste Recyclers KELVIN de Jager Etienne Enviro-Fill cc ASTON MANOR
    [Show full text]
  • Labeo Capensis (Orange River Mudfish) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Orange River Mudfish (Labeo capensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2014 Revised, May and July 2019 Web Version, 9/19/2019 Image: G. A. Boulenger. Public domain. Available: https://archive.org/stream/catalogueoffres01brit/catalogueoffres01brit. (July 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Africa: within the drainage basin of the Orange-Vaal River system [located in Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa] to which it is possibly restricted. Hitherto thought to occur in the Limpopo system and in southern Cape watersheds [South Africa] which records may be erroneous.” From Barkhuizen et al. (2017): “Native: Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province - Introduced, Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province)” 1 Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. There is no indication that this species is in trade in the United States. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks A previous version of this ERSS was published in 2014. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2019): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Labeo Species Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841)” From Fricke et al. (2019): “Current status: Valid as Labeo capensis (Smith 1841). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae.” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Max length : 50.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [de Moor and Bruton 1988]; common length : 45.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [Lévêque and Daget 1984]; max.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review and Terms of Reference for Case Study For
    Literature Review and Terms of Reference for Case Study for Linking the Setting of Water Quality License Conditions with Resource Quality Objectives and/or Site-Specific Conditions in the Vaal Barrage Area and Associated Rivers within the Lower Sections of the Upper Vaal River Catchment Report to the Water Research Commission By ON Odume, N. Griffin and PK Mensah Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University P.O. Box 94 Grahamstown, 6140 Report no. 2782/1/17 ISBN 978-1-4312-0950-7 January 2018 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina 0031 South Africa [email protected] or dowload form www.wrc.org.za DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. © Water Research Commission ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In a recent study of the Vaal Catchment, the WRC, DWS and major industries agreed that there are identified challenges in the approaches used to setting applicable water use license conditions, including discharge quality specifications, which do not take all stakeholder and ecological requirements into consideration. There were concerns from stakeholders regarding how the license conditions are set and used to achieve the set Resource Quality Objectives (RQOs) and how to improve the resource class to a desired class. It was clear that both regulators and users have no clear understanding of the link between Source Directed Controls (SDCs) and Resource Directed Measures (RDMs), and how they inform each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers of South Africa Hi Friends
    A Newsletter for Manzi’s Water Wise Club Members May 2016 Rivers of South Africa Hi Friends, This month we are exploring our rivers. We may take them for granted but they offer us great services. Rivers provide a home and food to a variety of animals. You will find lots of plants, insects, birds, freshwater animals and land animals near and in a river. You can say rivers are rich with different kinds of living things. These living things play different roles such as cleaning the river and providing food in the river for other animals. Rivers carry water and nutrients and they play an important part in the water cycle. We use rivers for water supply which we use for drinking, in our homes, watering in farms, making products in factories and generating electricity. Sailing, taking goods from one place to another and water sports such as swimming, skiing and fishing happens in most rivers. Have you ever wondered where rivers begin and end? Well friends, rivers begin high in the mountains or hills, or where a natural spring releases water from underground. They usually end by flowing into the ocean, sea or lake. The place where the river enters the ocean, sea or lake is called the mouth of the river. Usually there are lots of different living things there. Some rivers form tributaries of other rivers. A tributary is a stream or river that feeds into a larger stream or river. South Africa has the following major rivers: . Orange River (Lesotho, Free State & Northern Cape Provinces), Limpopo River (Limpopo Province), Vaal River (Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Free State & Northern Cape Provinces), Thukela River reprinted with permission withreprinted (Kwa-Zulu Natal Province), Olifants River – (Mpumalanga & Limpopo Provinces), Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902;
    aia of The War in South Africa of The War in South Africa 1899-1902 Edited by L. S. Amery Fellow of All Souls With many Photogravure and other Portraits, Maps and Battle Plans Vol. VII Index and Appendices LONDON SAMPSON Low, MARSTON AND COMPANY, LTD. loo, SOUTHWARK STREET, S.E. 1909 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W PREFACE THE various appendices and the index which make up the present volume are the work of Mr. G. P. Tallboy, who has acted as secretary to the History for the last seven years, and whom I have to thank not only for the labour and research comprised in this volume, but for much useful assistance in the past. The index will, I hope, prove of real service to students of the war. The general principles on which it has been compiled are those with which the index to The Times has familiarized the public. The very full bibliography which Mr. Tallboy has collected may give the reader some inkling of the amount of work involved in the composition of this history. I cannot claim to have actually read all the works comprised in the list, though I think there are comparatively few among them that have not been consulted. On the other hand the list does not include the blue-books, despatches, magazine and newspaper articles, and, above all, private diaries, narratives and notes, which have formed the real bulk of my material. L. S. AMERY. CONTENTS APPENDIX I PAGE.
    [Show full text]
  • Emfuleni Steeling the River City?
    EMFULENI STEELING THE RIVER CITY? Joburg Metro Building, 16th floor, 158 Loveday Street, Braamfontein 2017 Tel: +27 (0)11-407-6471 | Fax: +27 (0)11-403-5230 | email: [email protected] | www.sacities.net CONTENTS 1. Introduction 6 2. The iron ore and steel industry value chain 9 2.1 Mining of iron ore and the scrap metal system 9 2.2 Steel production and the steel market 9 2.3 Concluding comments and the future of the iron ore and steel industry 12 3. Historical perspective on Emfuleni 14 4. Demographic and economic analysis 19 4.1 Demographic analysis 19 4.1.1 Urbanisation and in-migration 19 4.1.2 Population age distribution 21 4.1.3 Daily commuting to Johannesburg 22 4.2 Economic and development profile 23 4.2.1 Economic profile 23 4.2.2 The manufacturing industry in Emfuleni 27 4.2.3 Income poverty 31 4.2.4 Human Development Index 33 4.2.5 Gini coefficient 34 4.3 Synthesis 34 5. Business environment 35 5.1 Business profile 35 5.2 ArcelorMittal 35 5.3 DAV steel (Cape Gate Pty Ltd) 37 5.4 DCD ringrollers 38 5.5 Downstreaming in the steel industry 38 5.6 Business / local government relations 38 5.7 Synthesis 40 6. Municipal responses 40 6.1 The Integrated Development Plan and LED plans 40 6.2 Spatial planning 42 6.2.1 Spatial planning pressures 43 i 6.2.2 The river city concept 44 6.2.3 Land use regulations 44 6.2.4 Student housing 45 6.2.5 Desegregation 45 6.2.6 The provision of RDP housing units 45 6.2.7 CBD development 46 6.2.8 Spatial planning: A synthesis 46 6.3 Municipal governance and management 47 6.4 Municipal engineering services 48 6.4.1 Water 48 6.4.2 Sanitation 49 6.4.3 Electricity 50 6.5 Municipal finance 50 6.5.1 Auditor-General findings 51 6.5.2 Income 52 6.5.3 Expenditure 54 6.5.4 Comparing Emfuleni with other areas 55 6.6 Service delivery protests 56 6.7 Social relations 57 7.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Sanitation Governance in the Emfuleni Local Municipality
    CuDyWat Report 2/2019 North-West University Vanderbijlpark South Africa 21 August 2019 Version 1.6 The Anthropocene and the hydrosphere A case study of sanitation governance in Emfuleni Local Municipality (2018-19) By Johann Tempelhoff Hilda Jaka Sanjay Mahabir Martin Ginster CuDyWat Annika Kruger Njabulo Mthembu Report 2/2019 Lerato Nkomo North-West University Version 3.0 2 September 2019 0 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. iv Summary .............................................................................................................................. v Lessons for practitioners .....................................................................................................vii Keywords ................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Theoretical and methodological considerations (not necessarily the exact wording of the section) ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Grassroots participation .......................................................................................................................... 5 Wastewater leadership sector section ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]