Traversable Wormholes, Stargates, and Negative Energy
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Negative Energies and Time Reversal in Quantum Field Theory F
Negative Energies and Time Reversal in Quantum Field Theory F. Henry-Couannier To cite this version: F. Henry-Couannier. Negative Energies and Time Reversal in Quantum Field Theory. Global Journal of Science Research, Global Journals™ Incorporated, 2012, 12, pp.39-58. in2p3-00865527 HAL Id: in2p3-00865527 http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00865527 Submitted on 18 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License NEGATIVE ENERGIES AND TIME REVERSAL IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY Frederic Henry-Couannier CPPM, 163 Avenue De Luminy, Marseille 13009 France. [email protected] Abstract The theoretical and phenomenological status of negative energies is reviewed in Quantum Field Theory leading to the conclusion that hope- fully their rehabilitation might only be completed in a modified general relativistic model. 1 Introduction With recent cosmological observations related to supernovae, CMB and galactic clustering the evidence is growing that our universe is undergoing an accelerated expansion at present. Though the most popular way to account for this unex- pected result has been the reintroduction of a cosmological constant or a new kind of dark matter with negative pressure, scalar fields with negative kinetic energy, so-called phantom fields, have recently been proposed [1] [2] [3] as new sources leading to the not excluded possibility that the equation of state param- eter be less than minus one. -
(2020) Wormholes and the Thermodynamic Arrow of Time
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2, 043095 (2020) Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time Zhuo-Yu Xian1,* and Long Zhao1,2,† 1CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China 2School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Received 16 March 2020; accepted 11 June 2020; published 19 October 2020) In classical thermodynamics, heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder system to a hotter system, which is called the thermodynamic arrow of time. However, if the initial states are entangled, the direction of the thermo- dynamic arrow of time may not be guaranteed. Here we take the thermofield double state at 0 + 1 dimension as the initial state and assume its gravity duality to be the eternal black hole in AdS2 space. We make the temperature difference between the two sides by changing the Hamiltonian. We turn on proper interactions between the two sides and calculate the changes in energy and entropy. The energy transfer, as well as the thermodynamic arrow of time, are mainly determined by the competition between two channels: thermal diffusion and anomalous heat flow. The former is not related to the wormhole and obeys the thermodynamic arrow of time; the latter is related to the wormhole and reverses the thermodynamic arrow of time, i.e., transferring energy from the colder side to the hotter side at the cost of entanglement consumption. Finally, we find that the thermal diffusion wins the competition, and the whole thermodynamic arrow of time has not been reversed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043095 I. -
Simgate: Full-System, Cycle-Close Simulation of the Stargate Sensor Network Intermediate Node
SimGate: Full-System, Cycle-Close Simulation of the Stargate Sensor Network Intermediate Node Ye Wen, Selim Gurun, Navraj Chohan, Rich Wolski, and Chandra Krintz Department of Computer Science University of California, Santa Barbara Abstract— We present SimGate – a full-system simulator of most Stargate components including the processor, memory for the Stargate intermediate-level, resource-constrained, sen- hierarchy, communications (serial and radio), and peripherals. sor network device. We empirically evaluate the accuracy and As the result, SimGate boots and runs the Familiar Linux performance of the system in isolation as well as coupled with simulated Mica2 motes. Our system is functionally correct and operating system and any program binary that executes over achieves accurate cycle estimation (i.e. cycle-close). Moreover, it, without modification. the overhead of simulated execution is modest with respect to Our system is also unique in that we use it to simulate the previously published work. ensemble of both intermediate and base level sensor devices, i.e. Stargate and motes (e.g. Mica2). We do so by coupling I. INTRODUCTION SimGate with SimMote, a cycle-accurate full-system simulator Sensor networks have emerged as a technology for transpar- of motes [17]. This interoperability reveals the potential of ently interconnecting our physical world with more powerful simulating a complete sensor network setting including both computational environments, and ultimately, global informa- basic nodes, gateway nodes, and their interactivity. tion systems. In a typical sensor network, computationally We evaluate the accuracy of our system by comparing simple, low-power, sensor elements take physical readings the simulated clock cycles to measured clock cycles using a and may perform minor processing of these readings before range of stressmarks and community benchmarks. -
The Negative Energy in Generalized Vaidya Spacetime
universe Communication The Negative Energy in Generalized Vaidya Spacetime Vitalii Vertogradov 1,2 1 Department of the Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Herzen State Pedagogical University, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 2 The SAO RAS, Pulkovskoe Shosse 65, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia Received: 17 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract: In this paper we consider the negative energy problem in generalized Vaidya spacetime. We consider several models where we have the naked singularity as a result of the gravitational collapse. In these models we investigate the geodesics for particles with negative energy when the II type of the matter field satisfies the equation of the state P = ar (a 2 [0 , 1]). Keywords: generalized Vaidya spacetime; naked singularity; black hole; negative energy 1. Introduction In 1969 R. Penrose theoretically predicted the effect of the negative energy formation in the Kerr metric during the process of the decay or the collision. Furthermore, the nature of the geodesics for particles with negative energy was investigated [1,2]. It was shown that in the ergosphere of a rotating black hole closed orbits for such particles are absent. This geodesics must appear from the region inside the gravitational radius. Moreover, there was research devoted to the particles with negative energy in Schwarzschild spacetime which was conducted by A. A. Grib and Yu. V. Pavlov [3]. They showed that the particles with negative energy can exist only in the region inside of the event horizon. However, the Schwarzschild black hole is the eternal one and we must consider the gravitational collapse to speak about the past of the geodesics for particles with negative energy. -
GURPS4E Ultra-Tech.Qxp
Written by DAVID PULVER, with KENNETH PETERS Additional Material by WILLIAM BARTON, LOYD BLANKENSHIP, and STEVE JACKSON Edited by CHRISTOPHER AYLOTT, STEVE JACKSON, SEAN PUNCH, WIL UPCHURCH, and NIKOLA VRTIS Cover Art by SIMON LISSAMAN, DREW MORROW, BOB STEVLIC, and JOHN ZELEZNIK Illustrated by JESSE DEGRAFF, IGOR FIORENTINI, SIMON LISSAMAN, DREW MORROW, E. JON NETHERLAND, AARON PANAGOS, CHRISTOPHER SHY, BOB STEVLIC, and JOHN ZELEZNIK Stock # 31-0104 Version 1.0 – May 22, 2007 STEVE JACKSON GAMES CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 4 Adjusting for SM . 16 PERSONAL GEAR AND About the Authors . 4 EQUIPMENT STATISTICS . 16 CONSUMER GOODS . 38 About GURPS . 4 Personal Items . 38 2. CORE TECHNOLOGIES . 18 Clothing . 38 1. ULTRA-TECHNOLOGY . 5 POWER . 18 Entertainment . 40 AGES OF TECHNOLOGY . 6 Power Cells. 18 Recreation and TL9 – The Microtech Age . 6 Generators . 20 Personal Robots. 41 TL10 – The Robotic Age . 6 Energy Collection . 20 TL11 – The Age of Beamed and 3. COMMUNICATIONS, SENSORS, Exotic Matter . 7 Broadcast Power . 21 AND MEDIA . 42 TL12 – The Age of Miracles . 7 Civilization and Power . 21 COMMUNICATION AND INTERFACE . 42 Even Higher TLs. 7 COMPUTERS . 21 Communicators. 43 TECH LEVEL . 8 Hardware . 21 Encryption . 46 Technological Progression . 8 AI: Hardware or Software? . 23 Receive-Only or TECHNOLOGY PATHS . 8 Software . 24 Transmit-Only Comms. 46 Conservative Hard SF. 9 Using a HUD . 24 Translators . 47 Radical Hard SF . 9 Ubiquitous Computing . 25 Neural Interfaces. 48 CyberPunk . 9 ROBOTS AND TOTAL CYBORGS . 26 Networks . 49 Nanotech Revolution . 9 Digital Intelligences. 26 Mail and Freight . 50 Unlimited Technology. 9 Drones . 26 MEDIA AND EDUCATION . 51 Emergent Superscience . -
A Unifying Theory of Dark Energy and Dark Matter: Negative Masses and Matter Creation Within a Modified ΛCDM Framework J
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. theory_dark_universe_arxiv c ESO 2018 November 5, 2018 A unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter: Negative masses and matter creation within a modified ΛCDM framework J. S. Farnes1; 2 1 Oxford e-Research Centre (OeRC), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK. e-mail: [email protected]? 2 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Received February 23, 2018 ABSTRACT Dark energy and dark matter constitute 95% of the observable Universe. Yet the physical nature of these two phenomena remains a mystery. Einstein suggested a long-forgotten solution: gravitationally repulsive negative masses, which drive cosmic expansion and cannot coalesce into light-emitting structures. However, contemporary cosmological results are derived upon the reasonable assumption that the Universe only contains positive masses. By reconsidering this assumption, I have constructed a toy model which suggests that both dark phenomena can be unified into a single negative mass fluid. The model is a modified ΛCDM cosmology, and indicates that continuously-created negative masses can resemble the cosmological constant and can flatten the rotation curves of galaxies. The model leads to a cyclic universe with a time-variable Hubble parameter, potentially providing compatibility with the current tension that is emerging in cosmological measurements. In the first three-dimensional N-body simulations of negative mass matter in the scientific literature, this exotic material naturally forms haloes around galaxies that extend to several galactic radii. These haloes are not cuspy. The proposed cosmological model is therefore able to predict the observed distribution of dark matter in galaxies from first principles. -
Engineering the Quantum Foam
Engineering the Quantum Foam Reginald T. Cahill School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia [email protected] _____________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In 1990 Alcubierre, within the General Relativity model for space-time, proposed a scenario for ‘warp drive’ faster than light travel, in which objects would achieve such speeds by actually being stationary within a bubble of space which itself was moving through space, the idea being that the speed of the bubble was not itself limited by the speed of light. However that scenario required exotic matter to stabilise the boundary of the bubble. Here that proposal is re-examined within the context of the new modelling of space in which space is a quantum system, viz a quantum foam, with on-going classicalisation. This model has lead to the resolution of a number of longstanding problems, including a dynamical explanation for the so-called `dark matter’ effect. It has also given the first evidence of quantum gravity effects, as experimental data has shown that a new dimensionless constant characterising the self-interaction of space is the fine structure constant. The studies here begin the task of examining to what extent the new spatial self-interaction dynamics can play a role in stabilising the boundary without exotic matter, and whether the boundary stabilisation dynamics can be engineered; this would amount to quantum gravity engineering. 1 Introduction The modelling of space within physics has been an enormously challenging task dating back in the modern era to Galileo, mainly because it has proven very difficult, both conceptually and experimentally, to get a ‘handle’ on the phenomenon of space. -
Thermodynamics of Exotic Matter with Constant W = P/E Arxiv:1108.0824
Thermodynamics of exotic matter with constant w = P=E Ernst Trojan and George V. Vlasov Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology PO Box 3, Moscow, 125080, Russia October 25, 2018 Abstract We consider a substance with equation of state P = wE at con- stant w and find that it is an ideal gas of quasi-particles with the wq energy spectrum "p ∼ p that can constitute either regular matter (when w > 0) or exotic matter (when w < 0) in a q-dimensional space. Particularly, an ideal gas of fermions or bosons with the en- 4 3 ergy spectrum "p = m =p in 3-dimensional space will have the pres- sure P = −E. Exotic material, associated with the dark energy at E + P < 0, is also included in analysis. We determine the properties of regular and exotic ideal Fermi gas at zero temperature and derive a low-temperature expansion of its thermodynamical functions at fi- nite temperature. The Fermi level of exotic matter is shifted below the Fermi energy at zero temperature, while the Fermi level of regular matter is always above it. The heat capacity of any fermionic sub- stance is always linear dependent on temperature, but exotic matter has negative entropy and negative heat capacity. 1 Introduction arXiv:1108.0824v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 4 Aug 2011 The equation of state (EOS) is a fundamental characteristic of matter. It is a functional link P (E) between the pressure P and the energy density E. Its knowledge allows to predict the behavior of substance which appears in 1 various problems in astrophysics, including cosmology and physics of neutron stars. -
Stargate Sg1 "Flesh and Blood" Episode #1001 Dialogue Continuity Script
STARGATE SG1 "FLESH AND BLOOD" EPISODE #1001 DIALOGUE CONTINUITY SCRIPT June 5, 2006 Prepared by: Line 21 Media Services Ltd. #122 - 1058 Mainland Street Vancouver, B.C. V6B 2T4 Phone: (604) 662-4600 [email protected] 1 STARGATE SG-1 - "Flesh and Blood" - Episode #1001 TIMECODE DIALOGUE START TIMECODE 01:00:00:00 AT FIRST FRAME OF PICTURE RECAP 01:00:00:05 TEAL'C: Previously on Stargate SG-1... 01:00:03:08 DOCI: In the name of the gods, ships shall be built to carry our warriors out amongst the stars. 01:00:08:22 ORLIN: Everything Origins followers devote themselves to is a lie. 01:00:12:16 MITCHELL: Whose baby is it? 01:00:13:21 VALA: I don't know. 01:00:14:19 PRIOR (V/O):The child is the will of the Ori. 01:00:18:10 VALA (V/O): The ships are planning to leave. 01:00:19:28 VALA (CONT'D): Somewhere out there, the Ori have a working supergate. 01:00:22:11 CARTER (V/O): We've managed to locate the dialing control crystals on one particular section of the gate. 2 STARGATE SG-1 - "Flesh and Blood" - Episode #1001 01:00:26:10 CARTER (CONT'D): We dial out before they can dial in. 01:00:28:20 CARTER (CONT'D INTO RADIO): Something's happening. 01:00:31:09 (EXPLOSION) 01:00:35:19 CARTER (CONT'D): My god... 01:00:36:27 NETAN: I didn't think you were that stupid. 01:00:38:14 TEAL'C: I have come to seek the assistance of the Lucian Alliance. -
Interfacing STARGATE-IP to UPB Networks
Interfacing STARGATE-IP to UPB Networks INTRODUCTION This Application Note describes Stargate-IP and Stargate-Lite support for controlling UPB Powerline devices. These control- lers, when connected to the powerline by a UPB Powerline Interface Module, can control a network of up to 250 UPB lighting dimmers and other UPB devices. This application note assumes a working knowledge of UPB and that the UPB devices have been installed and properly configured using the UPStart program (available from PCS or Simply Automated websites). Support for UPB requires a UPB Powerline Interface Module (PIM), also called a Computer Interface Module (CIM) and a UPB serial adapter and cable. The PIM connects to COM2 or COM3 of the Stargate via the UPB serial adapter cable. Once configured, the UPB devices are fully integrated into Stargate and can be controlled in the same manor as X10 or ALC lighting devices. Stargate Controllers NEW Controllers Stargate-IP and Stargate-Lite controllers shipped with firmware 4.0.0 or later are modified and ready for UPB support. These units are shipped with a UPB serial adapter and cable for connection to a UPB Powerline Interface Module. The UPB Powerline Interface Module is not supplied. The UPB Powerline Interface Module (PCS PIM) or Computer Interface Module (Simply Automated CIM) are available from various distributors. NOTE: Your PIM or CIM must be in MESSAGE mode, not PULSE mode, in order for this module to behave correctly. If you are experiencing problems when the PIM or CIM is connected to Stargate, your interface is likely in PULSE mode and needs to be changed to MESSAGE mode. -
Mayevent 2006 Horizon Volume 13 Issue 7
Hamilton Amateur Astronomers MayEvent 2006 Horizon Volume 13 Issue 7 Chair’s Report by Glenn Muller 34”, or about a degree East of M104. And, the fun doesn’t end there. In that immedi- Regular EH readers will know of my affinity for aster- ate vicinity is yet another asterism with the ominous isms; those unique formations of stars that prompt the moniker of “Jaws”. Situated just off the imaginary line imagination with their chance alignments. connecting Stargate to M104 are four bright stars in a Well, at a recent Binbrook session I was pushing the row. They form the head and mouth of a celestial shark, 6” reflector around Corvus, looking for the Sombrero the body of which consists of a string of fainter trailing Galaxy, when I chanced across six stars in a cluster stars. Both the Stargate and Jaws are mentioned in Phil no wider than 10’ forming two nested triangles. They Harrington’s book The Deep Sky: An Introduction. In instantly piqued my interest so, using the common sci- fact, it was Harrington who gave Jaws its label. Another entific jargon, I alerted the rest of the group. “Hey,” I good source of information for this interesting group is said. “Come take a look at these neat stars!”. John and the internet link Dianna, a nice couple from Winona who were observing www.backyard-astro.com/deepsky/ This fine site has a nice map of the with us for the first time, politely pried themselves from top100/15.html region and a couple of excellent sketches – well worth the wonderful views through their 11” Celestron SCT checking out. -
Can Mass Be Negative?
Can Mass Be Negative? Vladik Kreinovich1 and Sergei Soloviev2 1Department of Computer Science University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX 7996058, USA [email protected] 2Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT) IRIT, porte 426 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France [email protected] Abstract Overcoming the force of gravity is an important part of space travel and a significant obstacle preventing many seemingly reasonable space travel schemes to become practical. Science fiction writers like to imagine materials that may help to make space travel easier. Negative mass { supposedly causing anti-gravity { is one of the popular ideas in this regard. But can mass be negative? In this paper, we show that negative masses are not possible { their existence would enable us to create energy out of nothing, which contradicts to the energy conservation law. 1 Formulation of the Problem Overcoming the force of gravity is an important part of space travel and a significant obstacle preventing many seemingly reasonable space travel schemes to become practical. Science fiction writers like to imagine materials that may help to make space travel easier. Negative mass { supposedly causing anti- gravity { is one of the popular ideas in this regard. But can mass be negative? 2 Reminder: There Are Different Types of Masses To properly answer the question of whether negative masses are possible, it is important to take into account that there are, in principle, three types of masses: 1 • inertial mass mI that describes how an object reacts to a force F : the object's acceleration a is determined by Newton's law mI · a = F ; and • active and passive gravitational mass mA and mP : gravitation force ex- erted by Object 1 with active mass m on Object 2 with passive mass m · m A1 m is equal to F = G · A1 P 2 ; where r is the distance between the P 2 r2 two objects; see, e.g., [1, 3].