Pollination Chart

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pollination Chart Habitat, Plant and Pollinator Guide Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Woody plants Buddleia Wild Rose Heather Sea Holly Umbellifers Willowherb Dandelion Ragwort Feeding habitat Blackthorn Hawthorn Flower beds or pots Wildflowers Trees Thick leaves, paler on underside, dense purple Thorny stems, pink/white flowers, red rosehips Low growing plant, woody stems, bell-shaped Waxy grey spiked leaves, bright blue flowerheads Several species. Hollow stems, clusters of small Tall, slender plants, long slender leaves, purple/ Hollow stems that bleed white if picked, toothed Flowers globular, yellow, clustered at top of stem flower spike flowers flowers on flat white flower head white flowers leaves, yellow flowers Includes flowers in planters or Includes wildflower meadows Includes trees, orchards, Oval leaves, long spines, white flowers, blue- Deeply lobed leaves, spiny branches,white shrubs, bushes and hedgerows black fruit flowers, red fruit pots, raised beds and borders and grassy verges Garden plants Sedum Verbena Thistle Knapweed Buttercup Vetches Nesting and shelter habitat Fruit trees Willow Chives Marjoram Bare ground Man-made homes Damp places Stonecrops and Iceplant. Fleshy leaves, clusters Pink flowerhead in cluster at top of stem of small flowers on flat, bright flower head Spiny waxy leaves, globular purple/white flowers No spines, thistle-like purple flowers Divided leaves, cup-shaped, glossy yellow flowers Includes Bird’s-foot Trefoil, triplet leaves, yellow Round purple flowerhead, onion smell when Pointed-oval leaves, sweet-smelling pink/purple Includes bare earth and bee Includes bee hives, solitary bee Includes ponds, ditches, Includes cherry, apple, plum. White or pink Narrow leaves, fluffy yellow catkins in spring flowers often with orange base banks houses and bumblebee nests compost heaps and log piles flowers bruised flowerheads Wild plants Other Bramble Ivy Mint Lavender Daisy Clover Nettle Dead-nettle This activity was created by the Open Air Laboratories Bare walls or fences Concrete or tarmac Short grass Network (OPAL) for Polli:Nation, a Heritage Lottery funded biodiversity and education project. Led by Learning through Landscapes, the project will support schools across the UK to transform their grounds into pollinator friendly habitats. This network of schools will spread knowledge, gather data and create ‘green /pollinatorschools stepping stones’ to assist insects in moving between areas. More information on Polli:Nation can be found at @LTL_Pollination www.polli-nation.co.uk Includes brick or stone walls Includes paths, roads, car parks Areas where grass is mown or Thorny trailing stems, white or pink flowers, Climbing stems, glossy leaves, flowers yellow- Flowers in rings, minty smell when bruised Grows in clumps, fragrant blue or white Includes Oxeye. White petals round yellow centre Three-part leaves, round-oval pink/white flower- Stinging leaves and stems, white flowers not Similar to nettle but does not sting. Purple/white Colour illustrations by Chris Shields. © OPAL 2016. All rights reserved. and wooden or metal fences and playgrounds grazed by animals blackberry fruits green, clusters of black berries flowerheads heads always apparent flowers Habitat, Plant and Pollinator Guide Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Woody plants Buddleia Wild Rose Heather Sea Holly Umbellifers Willowherb Dandelion Ragwort Feeding habitat Blackthorn Hawthorn Flower beds or pots Wildflowers Trees Thick leaves, paler on underside, dense purple Thorny stems, pink/white flowers, red rosehips Low growing plant, woody stems, bell-shaped Waxy grey spiked leaves, bright blue flowerheads Several species. Hollow stems, clusters of small Tall, slender plants, long slender leaves, purple/ Hollow stems that bleed white if picked, toothed Flowers globular, yellow, clustered at top of stem flower spike flowers flowers on flat white flower head white flowers leaves, yellow flowers Includes flowers in planters or Includes wildflower meadows Includes trees, orchards, Oval leaves, long spines, white flowers, blue- Deeply lobed leaves, spiny branches,white shrubs, bushes and hedgerows black fruit flowers, red fruit pots, raised beds and borders and grassy verges Garden plants Sedum Verbena Thistle Knapweed Buttercup Vetches Nesting and shelter habitat Fruit trees Willow Chives Marjoram Bare ground Man-made homes Damp places Stonecrops and Iceplant. Fleshy leaves, clusters Pink flowerhead in cluster at top of stem of small flowers on flat, bright flower head Spiny waxy leaves, globular purple/white flowers No spines, thistle-like purple flowers Divided leaves, cup-shaped, glossy yellow flowers Includes Bird’s-foot Trefoil, triplet leaves, yellow Round purple flowerhead, onion smell when Pointed-oval leaves, sweet-smelling pink/purple Includes bare earth and bee Includes bee hives, solitary bee Includes ponds, ditches, Includes cherry, apple, plum. White or pink Narrow leaves, fluffy yellow catkins in spring flowers often with orange base banks houses and bumblebee nests compost heaps and log piles flowers bruised flowerheads Wild plants Other Bramble Ivy Mint Lavender Daisy Clover Nettle Dead-nettle This activity was created by the Open Air Laboratories Bare walls or fences Concrete or tarmac Short grass Network (OPAL) for Polli:Nation, a Heritage Lottery funded biodiversity and education project. Led by Learning through Landscapes, the project will support schools across the UK to transform their grounds into pollinator friendly habitats. This network of schools will spread knowledge, gather data and create ‘green /pollinatorschools stepping stones’ to assist insects in moving between areas. More information on Polli:Nation can be found at @LTL_Pollination www.polli-nation.co.uk Includes brick or stone walls Includes paths, roads, car parks Areas where grass is mown or Thorny trailing stems, white or pink flowers, Climbing stems, glossy leaves, flowers yellow- Flowers in rings, minty smell when bruised Grows in clumps, fragrant blue or white Includes Oxeye. White petals round yellow centre Three-part leaves, round-oval pink/white flower- Stinging leaves and stems, white flowers not Similar to nettle but does not sting. Purple/white Colour illustrations by Chris Shields. © OPAL 2016. All rights reserved. and wooden or metal fences and playgrounds grazed by animals blackberry fruits green, clusters of black berries flowerheads heads always apparent flowers Habitat, Plant and Pollinator Guide Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Woody plants Buddleia Wild Rose Heather Sea Holly Umbellifers Willowherb Dandelion Ragwort Feeding habitat Blackthorn Hawthorn Flower beds or pots Wildflowers Trees Thick leaves, paler on underside, dense purple Thorny stems, pink/white flowers, red rosehips Low growing plant, woody stems, bell-shaped Waxy grey spiked leaves, bright blue flowerheads Several species. Hollow stems, clusters of small Tall, slender plants, long slender leaves, purple/ Hollow stems that bleed white if picked, toothed Flowers globular, yellow, clustered at top of stem flower spike flowers flowers on flat white flower head white flowers leaves, yellow flowers Includes flowers in planters or Includes wildflower meadows Includes trees, orchards, Oval leaves, long spines, white flowers, blue- Deeply lobed leaves, spiny branches,white shrubs, bushes and hedgerows black fruit flowers, red fruit pots, raised beds and borders and grassy verges Garden plants Sedum Verbena Thistle Knapweed Buttercup Vetches Nesting and shelter habitat Fruit trees Willow Chives Marjoram Bare ground Man-made homes Damp places Stonecrops and Iceplant. Fleshy leaves, clusters Pink flowerhead in cluster at top of stem of small flowers on flat, bright flower head Spiny waxy leaves, globular purple/white flowers No spines, thistle-like purple flowers Divided leaves, cup-shaped, glossy yellow flowers Includes Bird’s-foot Trefoil, triplet leaves, yellow Round purple flowerhead, onion smell when Pointed-oval leaves, sweet-smelling pink/purple Includes bare earth and bee Includes bee hives, solitary bee Includes ponds, ditches, Includes cherry, apple, plum. White or pink Narrow leaves, fluffy yellow catkins in spring flowers often with orange base banks houses and bumblebee nests compost heaps and log piles flowers bruised flowerheads Wild plants Other Bramble Ivy Mint Lavender Daisy Clover Nettle Dead-nettle This activity was created by the Open Air Laboratories Bare walls or fences Concrete or tarmac Short grass Network (OPAL) for Polli:Nation, a Heritage Lottery funded biodiversity and education project. Led by Learning through Landscapes, the project will support schools across the UK to transform their grounds into pollinator friendly habitats. This network of schools will spread knowledge, gather data and create ‘green /pollinatorschools stepping stones’ to assist insects in moving between areas. More information on Polli:Nation can be found at @LTL_Pollination www.polli-nation.co.uk Includes brick or stone walls Includes paths, roads, car parks Areas where grass is mown or Thorny trailing stems, white or pink flowers, Climbing stems, glossy leaves, flowers yellow- Flowers in rings, minty smell when bruised Grows in clumps, fragrant blue or white Includes Oxeye. White petals round yellow centre Three-part leaves, round-oval pink/white flower- Stinging leaves and stems, white flowers not Similar to nettle but does not sting. Purple/white Colour illustrations by Chris Shields. © OPAL 2016. All rights reserved. and wooden or metal fences and playgrounds grazed by
Recommended publications
  • A Trait-Based Approach Laura Roquer Beni Phd Thesis 2020
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Laura Roquer Beni PhD Thesis 2020 Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Tesi doctoral Laura Roquer Beni per optar al grau de doctora Directors: Dr. Jordi Bosch i Dr. Anselm Rodrigo Programa de Doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona Juliol 2020 Il·lustració de la portada: Gala Pont @gala_pont Al meu pare, a la meva mare, a la meva germana i al meu germà Acknowledgements Se’m fa impossible resumir tot el que han significat per mi aquests anys de doctorat. Les qui em coneixeu més sabeu que han sigut anys de transformació, de reptes, d’aprendre a prioritzar sense deixar de cuidar allò que és important. Han sigut anys d’equilibris no sempre fàcils però molt gratificants. Heu sigut moltes les persones que m’heu acompanyat, d’una manera o altra, en el transcurs d’aquest projecte de creixement vital i acadèmic, i totes i cadascuna de vosaltres, formeu part del resultat final.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Invertebrates Colonizing Green Roofs in London
    URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 1 ISSN 1541-7115 Rare Invertebrates Colonizing Green Roofs in London http://www.urbanhabitats.org Rare Invertebrates Colonizing Green Roofs in London by Gyongyver Kadas Royal Holloway University of London, Biological Sciences 4 West Heath Drive, London NW11 7QH U.K. Abstract are often more adventurous with regard to the The biodiversity potential of green roofs in places they colonize and use. Not many people London and their potential role in invertebrate associate rooftops with wildlife habitats, but if conservation and habitat mitigation were studied. suitable niches are available or provided, plants In summer and autumn 2004, I investigated three and animals will rapidly move in and establish different habitat types: green (Sedum) roofs, communities. In some cases, green roofs offer brown/biodiverse roofs, and brownfields. The the only valuable wildlife sanctuaries in our study focused on three diverse invertebrate cities and towns. Of particular importance is the groups: Araneae (spiders), Coleoptera (beetles), fact that these rooftops already exist, so no and aculeate Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, bees). A additional space has to be sacrificed. The high abundance of invertebrates were found on potential to provide habitat for wildlife on green the roofs. At least 10% of species collected at the roofs is tremendous. In London, for instance, study sites were designated nationally rare or 26,000 hectares of available roof space could be scarce, in accordance with criteria established by greened with little effort, and this would create the intergovernmental agency Natural England. 28 times the green space of Great Richmond The data indicates that green and Park (Grant, Engleback & Nicholson, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf of JHOS July 2007
    JJoouurrnnaall of the HHAARRDDYY OORRCCHHIIDD SSOOCCIIEETTYY Vol. 4 No. 3 (45) July 2007 JOURNAL of the HARDY ORCHID SOCIETY Vol. 4 No. 3 (45) July 2007 The Hardy Orchid Society Our aim is to promote interest in the study of Native European Orchids and those from similar temperate climates throughout the world. We cover such varied aspects as field study, cultivation and propagation, photography, taxonomy and systematics, and practical conservation. We welcome articles relating to any of these subjects, which will be considered for publication by the editorial committee. Please send your submissions to the Editor, and please structure your text according to the “Advice to Authors ” (see website, January 2004 Journal or contact the Editor). The Hardy Orchid Society Committee President: Prof. Richard Bateman, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS Chairman: Tony Hughes, 8 Birchwood Road, Malvern, Worcs., WR14 1LD, [email protected] Vice-Chairman & Field Meeting Co-ordinator: David Hughes, Linmoor Cottage, Highwood, Ringwood, Hants., BH24 3LE, [email protected] Secretary: Richard Manuel, Wye View Cottage, Leys Hill, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5QU, [email protected] Treasurer: Iain Wright, The Windmill, Vennington, Westbury, Shewsbury, Shropshire, SY5 9RG, [email protected] Membership Secretary: Celia Wright, The Windmill, Vennington, Westbury, Shewsbury, Shropshire, SY5 9RG, [email protected] Show Secretary: Eric Webster, 25 Highfields Drive, Loughborough, Leics., LE11
    [Show full text]
  • (Asteraceae). II. Correlated Paternity Within and Among Sibships
    Copyright 2004 by the Genetics Society of America DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.027714 Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Gene Dispersal in Centaurea corymbosa (Asteraceae). II. Correlated Paternity Within and Among Sibships Olivier J. Hardy,*,†,1 Santiago C. Gonza´lez-Martı´nez,†,‡ Bruno Colas,§ He´le`ne Fre´ville,†,** Agne`s Mignot† and Isabelle Olivieri† *Laboratoire de Ge´ne´tique et Ecologie Ve´ge´tales, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, 1160 Brussels, Belgium, ‡Unidad de Gene´tica Forestal, Centro de Investigacio´n Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigacio´n Agraria y Tecnologı´a Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain, †Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Universite´ de Montpellier 2, 34035 Montpellier, France, §Laboratoire Fonctionnement et Evolution des Syste`mes Ecologiques, Universite´ de Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France and **De´partement Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversite´, UMR 5176 CNRS-MNHN, 91800 Brunoy, France Manuscript received February 17, 2004 Accepted for publication July 5, 2004 ABSTRACT The fine-scale pattern of correlated paternity was characterized within a population of the narrow-endemic model plant species, Centaurea corymbosa, using microsatellites and natural progeny arrays. We used classical approaches to assess correlated mating within sibships and developed a new method based on pairwise kinship coefficients to assess correlated paternity within and among sibships in a spatio-temporal perspec- tive. We also performed numerical simulations to assess the relative significance of different mechanisms promoting correlated paternity and to compare the statistical properties of different estimators of correlated paternity. Our new approach proved very informative to assess which factors contributed most to correlated paternity and presented good statistical properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Field Trip to Moorend Spout with Tony Smith on 18Th June 2016
    Species List for field trip to Moorend Spout with Tony Smith on 18th June 2016 17 people attended from Weston Natural History & Archaeology Group, Bristol Naturalists, Friends of Trendlewood Park, Backwell Environment Trust and Trustees & Friends of NEWT It was an overcast morning after a bright sunny start to the day. Temperature 16 degrees INSECTS Red and Black Froghopper -Cercopis vulnerata. This is a sap feeding insect and produces the familiar cuckoo spit where it deposits its offspring! It has the capability to leap more than 5 foot! Shield Bug - Troilus luridus. There are 44 different species of Shield Bug recorded in this country - a subject for study in its own right! Thick Kneed Beetle -Oedemera nobilis The male, as in most Oedemera species, possesses the hind femora very swollen, whereas in female the femora are thin. It is bright green, frequently with a golden or coppery shine; (Wikipedia) Garden chafer - Phyllopthera horticola A strong flying Beetle with chestnut coloured wing casings. It feeds on the leaves of trees, bushes and shrubs as well as garden plants. Long-winged Conehead - Conocephalus discolor. A small member of the Bush Cricket family which was once rare but is now expanding its range. Found amongst coarse vegetation. The name comes from the angled shape of its head. Common Blue Damselfly - Enallagma cyathigerum. Usually present in large numbers near to lakes and ponds. Broad Bodied Chaser (female) - Libellula depressa. Regular visitors to our ponds.. Nursery Web Spider - Pisaura mirabilis The Nursery Web Spider is a common spider of grassland and scrub, and is often seen sunbathing amongst Brambles and Stinging Nettles.
    [Show full text]
  • Male Flower Beetles' Massive Femora Clamp Females in Place
    © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb219428. doi:10.1242/jeb.219428 INSIDE JEB Male flower beetles’ massive femora clamp females in place Having ruled out a role for the massive muscles in propelling the insects into the air, Burrows began puzzling about the insect’s lifestyle. ‘I then thought what males might do that females did not?’ he says, before turning his attention to the beetle’s mating strategy. However, filming the beetles in the act turned out to be more challenging than catching their solo take- offs; they seemed less at ease under the bright lights. Burrows waited patiently and eventually captured the male flower beetles as they beat their wings after a brief pursuit to ascend on top of the female before tightly clenching their colossal femora around the females’ abdomens. And, when Burrows captured the moment, he realised that he had seen something similar before. The males were gripping the females in exactly the same way that A female thick-legged flower beetle (Oedemera nobilis) clamped by the male’s rear a mole wrench – vice grip – holds on to limbs. Photo credit: Malcolm Burrows. the nut of a bolt without damaging it. ‘The big advantage of such a device is that it If ever an animal looked like a muscle- Filming the insects with a high-speed enables a lot of force of be applied without bound prizefighter, it has to be the male camera to capture their departures, having to be too careful’, says Burrows. thick-legged flower beetle (Oedemera Burrows remembers that the males and nobilis).Blessedwithanimpressivepair females were cooperative participants, In this case, the males’ powerful femora of saddlebag femora – thighs – the taking off spontaneously with little allow them to grip on tightly without dazzling green insects look ready to pack encouragement during the brief time damaging the females’ abdomens, which an impressive kick.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Mesoscale Landscape Heterogeneity and Biodiversity: Gardens and Tree Cover Significantly Modify Flower- Visiting Beetle Communities
    Linking mesoscale landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity: gardens and tree cover significantly modify flower- visiting beetle communities Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Foster, C. W., Neumann, J. L. and Holloway, G. J. (2019) Linking mesoscale landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity: gardens and tree cover significantly modify flower-visiting beetle communities. Landscape Ecology, 34 (5). pp. 1081- 1095. ISSN 1572-9761 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980- 019-00822-x Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84497/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00822-x Publisher: Springer All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Landscape Ecol (2019) 34:1081–1095 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00822-x (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) RESEARCH ARTICLE Linking mesoscale landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity: gardens and tree cover significantly modify flower-visiting beetle communities Christopher W. Foster . Jessica L. Neumann . Graham J. Holloway Received: 30 August 2018 / Accepted: 20 April 2019 / Published online: 3 May 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Results The composition of immediately adjacent Context Maintaining biodiversity in multifunction habitat (30 m) and mesoscale landscape heterogeneity landscapes is a significant challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Oedemeridae
    Family Oedemeridae Source Material Joy (1932) A Practical Handbook of British Beetles. Lompe A (2013) Käfer Europas: Oedemeridae and linked pages, translated and adapted by Mike Hackston, reproduced here with permission. Original is available at http://www.coleo-net.de/coleo/texte/oedemeridae.htm. Checklist of species From the Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles, 2012 edition, edited by A. G. Duff (2018 update available from Pemberley books). This lists 10 species in 4 genera. Tribe NACERDINI Genus NACERDES Dejean, 1834 melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) Tribe DITYLINI Genus CHRYSANTHIA Schmidt, W., 1846 nigricornis Westhoff, 1881 Tribe ASCLERINI Gistel, 1848 Genus ISCHNOMERA Stephens, 1832 caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) cinerascens (Pandellé, 1867) cyanea (Fabricius, 1792) sanguinicollis (Fabricius, 1787) Tribe OEDEMERINI Genus OEDEMERA Olivier, 1789 femoralis (Olivier, 1803) lurida (Marsham, 1802) nobilis (Scopoli, 1763) virescens (Linnaeus, 1767) Image Credits Most of the photographs of whole beetles in this key are reproduced from the Iconographia Coleopterorum Poloniae, with permission kindly granted by Lech Borowiec. The photographs of parts of beetles of genus Ischnomera are from Arved Lompe’s key. Creative Commons. © Mike Hackston (2020), derived from the keys of Joy (1932) and Arved Lompe (2013) Family Oedemeridae Key to British species 1 Beetle combining a green to greenish-yellow body and orange legs variegated with black. Ridges on the elytra weakly raised. ................................................................. .......... Chrysanthia nigricornis A rare species of Scottish forests. Larvae feed on fallen Scot's pine; adults found on nearby flowers. Beetle otherwise coloured. ..........................................................................2 Genus Chrysanthia Body elongate, usually shining blue, green or coppery. Head elongated in front of the eyes. Eyes protruding, ovate when viewed from the side, not notched behind the antennae.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Biodiversity in Cider Apple Orchards: Simultaneous
    Supplementary material of the article Animal biodiversity in cider apple orchards: simultaneous environmental drivers and effects on insectivory and pollination. Rodrigo Martínez-Sastrea, Marcos Miñarroa & Daniel Garcíab* a Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, E-33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain b Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC-Uo-PA), C/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, E- 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain * Corresponding author: [email protected] Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106918 1 Appendix A. List of animal species recorded in cider apple orchards Table A1. List of species of forest insectivorous birds recorded in cider apple orchards in this study. Scientific name Common name Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed tit Anthus trivialis Tree pipit Certhia brachydactyla Short-toed treecreeper Cettia cetti Cetti's warbler Cyanistes caeruleus Eurasian blue tit Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker Erithacus rubecula European robin Ficedula hypoleuca European pied flycatcher Fringilla coelebs Common chaffinch Garrulus glandarius Eurasian jay Hippolais polyglotta Melodious warbler Lanius collurio Red-backed shrike Lophophanes cristatus European crested tit Oriolus oriolus Eurasian golden oriole Parus major Great tit Periparus ater Coal tit Phoenicurus phoenicurus Common redstart Phylloscopus collybita/ibericus Common/Iberian chiffchaff Picus viridis Green woodpecker Prunella modularis Dunnock Regulus ignicapilla Common firecrest Regulus regulus Goldcrest Sitta europaea Eurasian nuthatch Sylvia atricapilla Eurasian blackcap Sylvia borin Garden warbler Sylvia communis Common whitethroat Troglodytes troglodytes Eurasian wren Turdus iliacus Redwing Turdus merula Common blackbird Turdus philomelos Song thrush Turdus pilaris Fieldfare Turdus viscivorus Mistle thrush 2 Table A2.
    [Show full text]
  • Do the Enlarged Hind Legs of Male Thick-Legged Flower Beetles Contribute to Take-Off Or Mating? Malcolm Burrows*
    © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb212670. doi:10.1242/jeb.212670 RESEARCH ARTICLE Do the enlarged hind legs of male thick-legged flower beetles contribute to take-off or mating? Malcolm Burrows* ABSTRACT judged by their take-off speed are certain planthoppers (Hemiptera, The volume of the hind femora in the adult male flower beetle Fulgoridae) (Burrows, 2009) and froghoppers (Hemiptera, Oedemera nobilis is 38 times greater than in adult females. To Cercopidae) (Burrows, 2003; Burrows, 2006), which have small determine what advantage limbs with swollen femora might provide, propulsive hind legs. Furthermore, in some beetles, jumping does the behaviour of these insects was analysed with high-speed not rely on propulsion by the legs at all; in the family, Histeridae, videography. First, because large hind legs are often associated some may jump by sudden folding movements of their hard front with jumping and take-off, the performance of this behaviour by the wings (elytra) (Frantsevich, 1981), while click beetles (Elateridae) two sexes was determined. Take-off was generated by a series of jack-knife their body (Evans, 1973; Sannasi, 1969). small-amplitude wing beats followed by larger ones, with the hind legs Legs fulfil many different functions even though in life- contributing little or no propulsion. The mean acceleration time to threatening situations the rapidity and power of jumping may be take-off was not significantly different in males (46.2 ms) and females paramount in propelling the insect to safety. Legs are used (45.5 ms), but the mean take-off velocity of males was 10% higher in walking, running and swimming in very different habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration and Impacts of Invasive Linatioplants on Plant-Poln Networks
    Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia Unitat d’Ecologia Integration and impacts of invasive plants on plant-pollination networks Ph. D. Thesis Ignasi Bartomeus Roig Bellaterra, Abril 2008 •I.Bartomeus • Integration and impacts of invasive plants on plant-pollination networks • 3 “Oh sol que alivias mi visión turbada! Me alegras tanto al resolver mis dudas que, tanto cual saber, dudar me agrada” -Dante Aligieri- •I.Bartomeus • Integration and impacts of invasive plants on plant-pollination networks • 7 Contenido Agradecimientos!13 Introducción general!15 Resumen!15 Las plantas invasoras y el cambio global!15 Las interacciones mutualistas: la polinización!17 Las redes planta-polinizador!18 Las plantas invasoras como nuevo elemento en las redes planta-polinizador!21 Objetivos y estructura de la tesis!25 Breeding system and pollen limitation of two supergeneralist alien plants invading Mediterranean shrublands!27 Abstract!27 Introduction!27 Methods!29 Study area!29 Invasive species!30 Breeding system!31 Results!32 Discussion!33 Conclusions!36 Contrasting effects of invasive plants in plant-pollinator networks!37 •I.Bartomeus • Integration and impacts of invasive plants on plant-pollination networks • 9 Abstract!37 Introduction!37 Methods!40 Study area and study species!40 Field sampling!41 Plant-pollination network analysis!43 Results!46 Pollinators on invader versus native plant species!46 Pollinator structure in invaded versus non-invaded communities!47 Plant-pollinator network in invaded versus non-invaded communities!48
    [Show full text]
  • Agri-Environment Schemes Targeting Farmland Bird Populations Also Provide Food for Pollinating Insects
    Agricultural and Forest Entomology (2018), DOI: 10.1111/afe.12289 Agri-environment schemes targeting farmland bird populations also provide food for pollinating insects Pierre Ouvrard and Anne-Laure Jacquemart Research Team ‘Genetics, Reproduction, Populations’, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L.7.05.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Abstract 1 Farmland biodiversity has declined over the past few decades. European Common Agricultural Policy encourages farmers to set up agri-environment schemes (AES) that support biodiversity and associated ecosystem services such as pollination. Although few AES are specifically devoted to pollinating insects, many AES could provide resources for pollinators. In Belgium, AES designed to provide seed resources for wild birds (bird-strip AES) contain mixed-plant communities that may benefit insects, although their ability to support pollinators has not yet been evaluated. 2 The present study aimed to assess the ability of bird-strip AES to support pollinating insects. We identified and quantified floral resources, flower-visiting insects and insect–flower interaction networks over 2 years on four bird strips located in intensive agro-ecosystems in Belgium. 3 The bird strips contained plant species that were either purposely sown or established spontaneously. The spontaneous Cirsium species, with its high nectar production, offered floral resources that complemented those of the sown species Raphanus sativus and Phacelia tanacetifolia. Most of the flower-visiting insects considered as pollinators belonged to the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera. 4 In conclusion, bird-strip AES provided floral resources to pollinators, even in the absence of annual sowing. Keywords Bees, Cirsium, field strips, flower resources, seed strips, syrphids.
    [Show full text]