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Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX

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Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX Oracle® Database Administrator’s Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Sys- tems E10839-25 September 2017 Oracle Database Administrator's Reference, 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems E10839-25 Copyright © 2006, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Bharathi Jayathirtha Contributing Authors: Kevin Flood, Pat Huey, Clara Jaeckel, Emily Murphy, Terri Winters, Tanaya Bhattacharjee, Prakash Jashnani, Ashmita Bose, Namrata Bhakthavatsalam, Reema Khosla Contributors: Subhranshu Banerjee, Mark Bauer, Robert Chang, Jonathan Creighton, Sudip Datta, Thirumaleshwara Hasandka, Joel Kallman, George Kotsovolos, Richard Long, Rolly Lv, Padmanabhan Manavazhi, Matthew Mckerley, Krishna Mohan, Rajendra Pingte, Hanlin Qian, Janelle Simmons, Roy Swonger, Douglas Williams, Joseph Therrattil Koonen, Binoy Sukumaran, and Sumanta Chatterjee. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government. This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... xiii Audience..................................................................................................................................................... xiii Documentation Accessibility................................................................................................................... xiii Related Documentation............................................................................................................................ xiii Conventions ............................................................................................................................................... xv Command Syntax...................................................................................................................................... xv Terminology............................................................................................................................................... xvi Accessing Documentation........................................................................................................................ xvi What’s New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) .......................................................... xix Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) New Features ...................................................................... xix Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features....................................................................... xix 1 Administering Oracle Database 1.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Environment Variables .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Oracle Database Environment Variables ......................................................................... 1-2 1.2.2 UNIX Environment Variables............................................................................................ 1-4 1.2.3 Setting a Common Environment....................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.4 Setting the System Time Zone ........................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Initialization Parameters............................................................................................................ 1-6 1.3.1 DB_BLOCK_SIZE Initialization Parameter...................................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 ASM_DISKSTRING Initialization Parameter.................................................................. 1-7 1.3.3 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Initialization Parameter........................................................ 1-7 1.3.4 DISK_ASYNCH_IO Initialization Parameter (HP-UX).................................................. 1-7 1.4 Operating System Accounts and Groups................................................................................ 1-8 1.4.1 Creating Additional Operating System Accounts .......................................................... 1-8 1.4.2 Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users ...................................................................... 1-8 1.5 Using Trace Files ......................................................................................................................... 1-8 2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Software 2.1 Oracle Restart .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes .................................................................................. 2-1 2.2.1 Stopping and Starting Oracle Database and Automatic Storage Management Instances 2-2 v 2.2.1.1 Stopping an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management Instance....... 2-2 2.2.1.2 Restarting an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management Instance..... 2-3 2.2.2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Restart ............................................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Stopping and Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control......................... 2-3 2.2.4 Stopping and Starting Oracle Management Agent......................................................... 2-4 3 Configuring Oracle Database 3.1 Using Configuration Assistants as Standalone Tools............................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Using Oracle Net Configuration Assistant ...................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Using Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant...................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant............................................................. 3-2 3.1.4 Configuring New or Upgraded Databases ...................................................................... 3-2 3.2 Relinking Executables ................................................................................................................ 3-3 4 Administering SQL*Plus 4.1 Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus..............................................................................
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