Oracle® Database Administrator’s Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Sys- tems E10839-25 September 2017 Oracle Database Administrator's Reference, 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems E10839-25 Copyright © 2006, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Bharathi Jayathirtha Contributing Authors: Kevin Flood, Pat Huey, Clara Jaeckel, Emily Murphy, Terri Winters, Tanaya Bhattacharjee, Prakash Jashnani, Ashmita Bose, Namrata Bhakthavatsalam, Reema Khosla Contributors: Subhranshu Banerjee, Mark Bauer, Robert Chang, Jonathan Creighton, Sudip Datta, Thirumaleshwara Hasandka, Joel Kallman, George Kotsovolos, Richard Long, Rolly Lv, Padmanabhan Manavazhi, Matthew Mckerley, Krishna Mohan, Rajendra Pingte, Hanlin Qian, Janelle Simmons, Roy Swonger, Douglas Williams, Joseph Therrattil Koonen, Binoy Sukumaran, and Sumanta Chatterjee. 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Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... xiii Audience..................................................................................................................................................... xiii Documentation Accessibility................................................................................................................... xiii Related Documentation............................................................................................................................ xiii Conventions ............................................................................................................................................... xv Command Syntax...................................................................................................................................... xv Terminology............................................................................................................................................... xvi Accessing Documentation........................................................................................................................ xvi What’s New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) .......................................................... xix Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) New Features ...................................................................... xix Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features....................................................................... xix 1 Administering Oracle Database 1.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Environment Variables .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Oracle Database Environment Variables ......................................................................... 1-2 1.2.2 UNIX Environment Variables............................................................................................ 1-4 1.2.3 Setting a Common Environment....................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.4 Setting the System Time Zone ........................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Initialization Parameters............................................................................................................ 1-6 1.3.1 DB_BLOCK_SIZE Initialization Parameter...................................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 ASM_DISKSTRING Initialization Parameter.................................................................. 1-7 1.3.3 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Initialization Parameter........................................................ 1-7 1.3.4 DISK_ASYNCH_IO Initialization Parameter (HP-UX).................................................. 1-7 1.4 Operating System Accounts and Groups................................................................................ 1-8 1.4.1 Creating Additional Operating System Accounts .......................................................... 1-8 1.4.2 Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users ...................................................................... 1-8 1.5 Using Trace Files ......................................................................................................................... 1-8 2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Software 2.1 Oracle Restart .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes .................................................................................. 2-1 2.2.1 Stopping and Starting Oracle Database and Automatic Storage Management Instances 2-2 v 2.2.1.1 Stopping an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management Instance....... 2-2 2.2.1.2 Restarting an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management Instance..... 2-3 2.2.2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Restart ............................................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Stopping and Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control......................... 2-3 2.2.4 Stopping and Starting Oracle Management Agent......................................................... 2-4 3 Configuring Oracle Database 3.1 Using Configuration Assistants as Standalone Tools............................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Using Oracle Net Configuration Assistant ...................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Using Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant...................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant............................................................. 3-2 3.1.4 Configuring New or Upgraded Databases ...................................................................... 3-2 3.2 Relinking Executables ................................................................................................................ 3-3 4 Administering SQL*Plus 4.1 Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus..............................................................................