nutrients Review The Role of Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements in Ocular Surface Diseases Marco Pellegrini 1,* , Carlotta Senni 1, Federico Bernabei 1, Arrigo F. G. Cicero 2 , Aldo Vagge 3 , Antonio Maestri 4, Vincenzo Scorcia 5 and Giuseppe Giannaccare 5 1 Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
[email protected] (C.S.);
[email protected] (F.B.) 2 Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
[email protected] 3 Eye Clinic of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
[email protected] 4 Medical Oncology Department, Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital, 40026 Imola, Italy;
[email protected] 5 Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
[email protected] (V.S.);
[email protected] (G.G.) * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-3343-308141 Received: 11 March 2020; Accepted: 27 March 2020; Published: 30 March 2020 Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface system whose chore mechanisms are tear film instability, inflammation, tear hyperosmolarity and epithelial damage. In recent years, novel therapies specifically targeting inflammation and oxidative stress are being investigated and used in this field. Therefore, an increasing body of evidence supporting the possible role of different micronutrients and nutraceutical products for the treatment of ocular surface diseases is now available. In the present review, we analyzed in detail the effects on ocular surface of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, B12, C, D, selenium, curcumin and flavonoids.