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May 16-18, 1989 a "Workshop on Physics at the Main Injector" Was Held at Fermilab to Address Such Potisibilities

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May 16-18, 1989 a 4 ‘i/: :ii f.$ “j 2 ;-, ‘f I I:,,: j;:i i:, ,;,‘P ;, .i! -* .,, .L, _*.,/ ! May 16-18, 1989 a Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois E, Edited by Stephen D. Holmes and Bruce D. Winstein TM-1715 Proceedings ‘of the Workshop on Physics at the Main Injector held at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois May 16-18,1989 Editors: StephenD. Holmes and Bruce D. Wiitein Organizing Committee: R. Bernstein Fermilub l J. D. Bjorken Fermilab l R. Brock Michigan State University l S. Holmes (Co- Chair) Fermilab l T. O’Halloran University of Illinois l P. Rapidis Fermilab 9 N. Reay Ohio State University . J. Ritchie University of Texzs, Austin l M. Schmidt Yale University l B. Winstein (Co-Chair) University of Chicago l L. Wolfenstein Carnegie-Mellon University l Operated by Universitks Research Association, Inc., under contract tipith the United States Department of Energy iii Proceedings of the Workshop on Physics at the Main Injector held at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois May l&18,1989 Preface vii I. Introduction 1 Main Injector Parameters 3 S. D. Holmes Prospectsin K Physics 7 F. J. Gilman Kaon Physics at the Main Injector 29 B. Winstein A Theoretical Perspectiveon Neutrino Physics 41 W. J. Marciano Some Ideas for Neutrino Physics with the ProposedFermilab Main Injector 51 R. Brock Antiproton Physics up to 120 GeV 73 G. A. Smith II. Working Group Summaries 83 CP Violation at the Main Injector: Report of the Working Group on CP Violation Experiments 85 J. L. Ritchie Report of the Working Group on K* Decay In-Flight 93 D. R. Marlow Physics at the Planck Scale: Tests of CPT Invariance at the Fermilab Main Injector 103 G. D. Gollin Studies of Lepton Flavor Violation at the New Main Injector 115 W. Molzon iv Detector Requirements for K Decays 131 M. P. Schmidt Summary Report on Long Base Line Neutrino Oscillation 139 M. Koshiba Report from the Short-Baseline Netmino Oscillations Group 147 N. W. Reay Summary of Working Group on Electroweak Tests and Structure Functions with Neuuinos at the Main Injector 161 R. Bernstein Experiments with Antiprotons Summary of the Working Group’s Activities 165 P. A. Rapidis Report from the Polarization Group of the Fermilab Injector Workshop 171 D. Unabwood III. Contributed Papers 185 Neutrino Oscillation Experiment in DUMAND II Employing a Neunino Beam from the Fermilab 150 GeV Injector 187 J. G. Learned and V. 2. Peterson LENA, A Long Base Line Experiment on v-Oscilkition 195 M. Koshiba, K. Nishikawa, H. Suda, and Y. Watanabe Soudan 2 as a Long Baseline Neutrino Detector 199 M. Goodman A Long Baseline Neunino Oscillation Experiment Using the IMB Water Cerenkov Detector 203 W. Gajewski et al. Study of Slow Resealing in Neutrino Scattering with the ProposedFermilab Main Injector 211 R. Brock vp + e + vcI + e Scattering with the ProposedFermilab Main Injector 215 R. Brock TJleasurementof the &‘/a at Main Injector 223 H. Yamamoto Ki Experiments at the Main Injector 227 G. B. Thomson Backgrounds for K, + SC’e+ e- 233 T. Yamanaka Background Estimate for KL + x0 p’ p’ with a Main Injector Fixed Target Beam and Detector 237 K. Lang and Y. W. Wah A Study of Elecuomagnetic Calorimeters by EGS 241 H. Yamamoto Tetrabromoethane as a Radiation Hard Electromagnetic Calorimeter 247 S. Teige Stud&s of Neutron Polarization Phenomenawith 120-150 GeV Protons 253 L. W. Jones IV. List of Registrants 257 vii PREFACE The Fermilab Main Injector is a newly proposed accelerator to replace the existing Main Ring. Fermilab has proposed this machine primarily as a means of providing a fiftyfold increase in the luminosity available in the proton- ~o,",i~~In~"r~3x~~~verI the high average intensity characteristics of extracted protons at 120-150 GeV, with a 1.5-3.0 second repetition rate) also m ke it a potentially attractive source of beams for certain high sensitivity KL,8 neutrino, and antiproton experiments. On May 16-18, 1989 a "Workshop on Physics at the Main Injector" was held at Fermilab to address such potisibilities. The workshop attracted 82 registrants from the U.S., Canada, Japan, and Europe who were charged with studying the "potential uses of the newly-proposed Main Injector for very high intensity fixed target physics" and were asked to examine aspects of detector and beamline design requirements. As the initial foray into such an examination the workshop was organized in a somewhat free-for-all manner with the emphasis placed on a multitude of working groups. The working groups and their leaders are identified below: Workine Grout Grow Leader Is> Rare K Decays e'/e and r'e+e- J. Bitchie, H. Yamamoto K+ Decay in Flight D. Marlow CPT Tests and Flavor Violation G. Gollin, W. Moleon Bare KDecay Detectors Y. Schmidt Neutral and Charged K Beams G. Bock Neutrinos v + ve Long Baseline M. Koshiba, K. Nishikawa P N. Reay, A. Bross &'BvTand Others R. Bernstein, R. Brock W Antiprotons Experiments with Antiprotons P. Rapidis Polariration Experiments with Polarized D. Underwood Baryons viii The stage was set for the working groups by a first morning of introductory talks in which working accelerator parameters were defined, and theoretical prospects and experimental aspects were enumerated: Main Injector Parameters S. Holmes (Fermilab) Prospects in KPhysics F. Gilman (Stanford) A Detector for Cl' Violating and Rare K B. Winstein (Chicago) Decay Modes: Statistical and Systematic Challenges Neutrino Physics: A Theoretical Perspective W. Marciano (Brookhaven) Experimental aspects of Neutrino Physics R. Brock (Michigan State) at the Main Injector Antiproton Physics up to 120 GeV G. Smith (Penn State) The morning talks were followed by two days of working group meetings. The workshop concluded with summary reports from the working group leaders on the final afternoon. The work of the participants is recorded in these proceedings. Included are the opening survey talks, the working group summaries, and individual contributions. In general, there was a great deal of enthusiasm for the physics reach that the Main Injector would provide, particularly in the areas of kaon and neutrino physics. Happily, during the workshop, both RBPAP and the DOE gave preliminary endorsements to the project. Many of the participants at this workshop went on to participate in the Breckenridge "Workshop on Physics at Fermilab in the 1990's" where the ideas presented here were further developed. It is hoped that these proceedings will lay the groundwork for an ongoing examination of the physics potential of the Fermilab complex over the next decade, and that five years from now experiments will be in place completing the measurements imagined in these workshops. Stephen D. Holmes Bruce D. Winstein Editors September 20, 1989 I. Introduction 3 MAIN INJECTOR PARAMETEBS Stephen D. Holmes Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois Abstract The Fermilab Main Injector is a rapid cycling, 150 GeV accelerator proposed to replace the ezisting Fermilab Main Ring. While designed to improve the luminosity in the p-j collider, the high average intensity capability (-2 CA) is recognized as providing an opportunity for the mounting of certain classes of High Energy Physics ezperiments based on beams delivered directly from the Main Injector. Performance parameters of the ring relevant to such experiments are discussed. A presently envisioned this ring could commence operations in the spring of 1994. The Main Injector (MI) is a rapid cycling (compared to the Main Ring), 150 GeV accelerator which will replace the existing Main Ring in all its functions. The ring as proposed will be situated in its own tunnel located on the south side of the Fermilab site as shown in Figure 1. The design includes the capability of delivering slow extracted beams at 120 GeV to the switchyard area for ultimates distribution in the experimental areas. The Main Injector is designed to enhance the luminosity achievable in the Tevatron Collider while simultaneously reducing backgrounds in the major interaction areas. The luminosity enhancement is provided by a higher antiproton productions rate, based on targetting many more protons per second, by better i, transmission from large antiproton stacks, and by better transmission of high intensity proton bunches. The ring is designed to accelerate 5x1012 protons to 120 GeV every 1.5 seconds for 6 production. In this mode approximately 1/6th the circumference of the MI is filled with protons. It has been recognized that the features of the MI which lead to enhanced luminosity in the collider also result in very high average delivered intensities which can be used directly for HEF’3 experiments. The total intensity capability of the r&g is expected to be 3x10 at a cycle time of 1.9 seconds (and a 50 msec flattop). A 120 GeV slow spill capability is included in the design which would allow the 3~10~~ protons to be spilled over 1.0 seconds with a 2.9 second cycle time. No 150 GeV slow spill capability will exist due to power and magnetic field quality constraints. However, a fast spill at 150 GeV would be possible with a cycle time of 3 seconds. The types of cycles available are summarized in Table 1. Qfi(I i”; E1 ia 4 &0 I.: XiEri 9 5 Table 1: Main Iniector Operating Modes Mode l%2aaY Protons Flattou Cvcle Time i, Production 120 GeV 5x1012 0.05 see 1.5 set Slow Extraction 120 3x1013 1.0 2.9 Fast Extraction 120 3x1013 0.05 1.9 Fast Extraction 150 3x1013 0.05 3.0 Fermilab has requested funding for this project starting in October 1990. If funding were to commence on that date it is believed that the first beams could be delivered from the Main Injector in February of 1994.
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