9608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 claim for veterans benefits turn to the Dis­ tions. Following World War II.the field as to which they are entitled to claim abled American Veterans service officers for staff of the Disabled American Veterans income tax deductions up to 5 percent advice and assistance. If it were not for was greatly expanded. With the co­ of their respective annual adjusted gross these capable and experienced men, who are themselves all disabled veterans, the Vet­ operation of the Veterans' Administra­ incomes, with a 2-year carryover. Such erans' Administration would be forced to tion which assisted in providing a 2-year property donations have included out­ provide a great number of additional per­ course of vocational training, some 400 moded or unused furniture, equipment, sonnel to deal with this added influx of physically disabled veterans of World machinery, materials, buildings and daily visitors and, of course, at great addi­ War II became full-time DAV national land-based on their market value, ac­ tional cost to the U.S. taxpayer. service officers. This expansion was cording to authentic appraisals fur­ Moreover as stated in the official financed primarily out of the net income nished through the DAV without cost or RECORD for April 27, 1959, by the gentle­ derived from the very unique idento-tag, obligation for the cooperating corpora­ man from Massachusetts, SILVIO 0. or miniature license tag project, owned tions-and including diverse types of CONTE: and operated by the DAV without any surplus inventories at their currently promotional fees of any kind being paid listed prices. Such disposable property Most of these service disabled veterans have probably assumed that the Disabled to anyone. donations frequently turn out to be American Veterans has been getting some I was astounded to learn that since financially advantageous for the Dis­ kind of financial help from the Government 1942 nearly 2 million sets of lost keys abled American Veterans. Sometimes although no Federal money has ever been have been returned to their owners be­ increased employment opportunities for appropriated to the DAV. cause of the attached idento-tags. This disabled employables result. The vital importance of such person­ was without regard as to whether the Income tax deductions for the donat­ Disabled American Veterans had ever re­ ing corporations are frequently prefer­ alized service is reflected in a remark ceived any donations from these owners. able as compared with the continued that appears in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ However, there have been an increasing payment of personal and/ or real estate ORD back on July 17. 1941, by the Hon­ number of States which validate their taxes, insurance premiums, guard fees, orable Homer T. Bone, of Washington, license plates for in ore than 1 year. and so forth, in continuing to hold such who said: This has resulted in diminishing returns unused properties. Also taken into con­ Americans who help to provide security and has unfortunately resulted in dimin­ sideration is the valuable space other­ for America's disabled defenders thereby help to provide security for America. ished financial reserves. Nevertheless wise rentable and the time and talent of the DAV has continued its determination busy officers required to sell his dispos­ Former Congressman Lawrence Curtis, to provide its invaluable service in all of able properties as well as the additional of Massachusetts, who himself lost a leg our Nation's 50 States. income tax that might thereby be en­ during World War I, declared that: Other sources of income have been tailed. Such corporations, thus cooper­ Americans who are grateful for the sacri­ developed aithough by no means suffi­ ating with the Disabled American Vet­ fice of America's disabled defenders of parts ciently fast. Among these sources are erans as well as other charitable and of their bodies or their health, will gener­ bequests in wills, special trust agree­ educational institutions by their varied ously support the vitally important service ments, direct donations from benefited property donations deserve the gratitude program so effectively operated by the Dis­ veterans and their dependents, which of all concerned. abled American Veterans. incidentally comprise only a small per­ By supporting the Disabled American With all the statements above quoted I centage, and from contributions by· so­ Veterans these individuals and corpora­ heartily agree. It is very interesting to cially minded Americans as to which, tions support one of the great benefits learn that since its formation 43 years incidentally, income tax deductions are of a free Nation and that is to insure its ago DAV, notwithstanding its restrictive applicable up to 20 percent of each in­ Nation's defenders a life of security and membership requirements, has neverthe­ dividual donor's annual net income. dignity notwithstanding disablement less maintained the largest staff of full­ An increasing number of corporations that may have been incurred during the time national service officers of any of have also been making property dona­ mortal battles fought in the course of the congressionally chartered organiza- tions to the Disabled American Veterans, preservation of our free institutions.

THE JOURNAL initial staffing of community mental health HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES centers, and for other purposes; and The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ S. Con. Res.43. Concurrent resolution au­ T u ESDA Y, MAY 28, 1963 terday was read and approved. thorizing the printing of additional copies of part 1 and part 2 of the 1963 hearings of the The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy on the The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE "Development, Growth, and State of t he D.D., offered the following prayer: A message from the Senate by Mr. Atomic.Energy Industry.'' Isaiah 40: 29: He giveth power to the McGown, one of its clerks, announced faint and to them that have no might that the Senate had passed bills and APPROPRIATIONS FOR TREASURY He increaseth strength. a concurrent resolution of the following AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENTS, Almighty God, we are praying espe­ titles, in which the concurrence of the THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE House is requested: cially for our Nation's chosen leaders, PRESIDENT, AND CERTAIN INDE­ who, in these crucial and pe1ilous times, S. 261. An act to authorize the conveyance of certain lands in Harris County, Tex., to PENDENT AGENCIES FOR FISCAL are bearing tremendous responsibilities. YEAR 1964, AND FOR OTHER Bless them with the cardinal virtues the State of Texas or the county of Harris; and gifts of faith, courage, and wisdom S. 572. An act to amend section 201(a) (3) PURPOSES of the Federal Property and Administrative as they strive to make a worthy con­ Services Act (40 U.S.C. 481 (a) (3)), and for Mr. GARY. Mr. Speaker, I ask tribution to the peace of the world. other purposes; unanimous consent that the managers Create in us the spirit of the Pilgrim S. 814. An act to amend section 7 of the on the part of the House have until mid­ Fathers, who embarked on stormy waters Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as night tonight, May 28, 1963, to file a and gave us the rich heritage of a free­ amended; conference report on the bill, H.R. 5366, dom and democracy purchased and made S. 876. An act ·to authorize the Administra­ making appropriations for the Treasury sacred by their struggles and sacrifices. tor of General Services to convey certain land and the Post Office Departments, the Grant that we may have the deep feel­ in Prince Georges County, Md., to the Ameri­ Executive Office of the President, and ings of concern and compassion for all can National Red Cross; certain independent agencies for the S. 1576. An act to provide assist ance in fiscal year 1964,.and.for other purposes. whose every day is beset by fearful pre­ combating mental retardation through monition and whose minds and hearts grants for construction of research centers The SPEAKER. Is there objection to are in danger of being broken by life's and grants for facilities for the mentally re­ the request of the gentleman from Vir­ tragedies and t1ibulations. "t arded ·and assistance in improving mental ginia? Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. health t hrough grants for construction and There was no objection. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE 9609 POULTRY HEARINGS -BEFORE THE 1 minute and to revise and extend ·my Christian times, the Armenians fought COMMITI'EE ON AGRICULTURE remarks. . with Christian Europe against Islam The SPEAKER. Is there ObJect1 on through the Crusades. Even as the ma~­ Mr. HAGAN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, to the request of the gentleman from tyrs Armenians have chosen to die I ask unanimous consent to address the California? rather than to renounce their spiritual House for 1 minute, to revise and extend principles. my remarks, and to include extraneous There was no objection. Mr SISK. Mr. Speaker, of all the In the past half century, half the Ar­ matter. . · world's peoples who have maintained menian nation has been killed in m~s­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection sacres and a great many of the remam­ to the request of the gentleman from their faith, integrity of culture ~nd as­ pirations, the people of Arme~a most ing pe~ple have escaped w~th tJ:ieir ~ives Georgia? surely deserve :first rank. Their dete:­ only through :flight, tragic migrations There was no objection. mination to survive through the ages m which have separated families and left Mr. HAGAN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the face of Powerful and b~u~al !orc~s thousands in abject poverty and suffer­ as chairman of the newly created Poultry determined upon their anmhilation 1S ing, continued persecution in unfriendly Subcommittee of the House Co~mittee truly remarkable. . surroundings. Many more have been on Agriculture, I take pleasure m an­ Today May 28, 1963, is the 45th anm­ swallowed in ·the fake Communist "re­ nouncing that on tomorrow Secr~tary C?f versary ~f one of the outstanding events public" of Armenia, again suffering the Agriculture Orville L. Freeman will testi­ in. the long :fight of the Armenian people persecution of atheist masters and the fy at the first meeting of this .n~wly cre­ for survival-it is Armenian Independ­ oppression of Soviet might. The tragedy ated subcommittee on conditions az:td of these valiant people continues. ence Day. On this day in 1918, the ~r­ problems of the poultry industry; that i~, menian people arose out of :five centuries In another sense, the tragedy of Ar­ tomorrow, Wednesday, May 29, a~d . his of servitude, oppression, and massacre, menia has enriched the world, for the testimony is expected to deal specifically dispersion of the Armenian people turned upon their oppressors, and, ~ a with the difficulty of delivering poultry friend of the United States and its alhes through the Western nations and, nota­ into the European Common Market area. bly here in the United States, h~ added in World War I, defeated our t~en wi~l a noble and steadfast thread of culture to Mr. Speaker, the Secretary be the enemy, Turkey, in battle, thus cre~tmg only witness at this 1-day heanng, and the Independent Republic of Armema. the fabric of our national life. These are no other legislation will be taken up at :fine hard-working, patriotic, and loyal This resolute action was of ine~tima~le that time. The hearing will open at 10 benefit to the United States and its a_llies people with a heritage of faith and en­ am in the Committee on Agriculture, and undoubtedly saved many of our hves, durance, a pattern of survival we need r~o~ 1310, New House Office Buil~ing, for the Armenian stand barred the deter­ and welcome. Ironic as it may seem, and as chairman of the subcommittee mined drive of Turco-German forces Armenia has given the world a heritage I would like to extend a special invita­ bent on securing the oil of Baku for the its motherland has not been able to tion to all Members of the House, p~r­ Central Powers on the European front, realize permanently. ticularly those Members representing where the American Armies stood. It It is fitting, I think, that I rise today the paultry-producing districts and also established a democratic _govern­ ·to pay tribute to the Armenian people, States. ment allied to the West, which was for I represent the city of Fresno and . Mr. Speaker, Secretary Freeman, I quickly rec.ognized by the United States. Fresno County, Calif., where it has been think will have some important infor­ It is to our shame that in 1920 we per­ our great good fortune to have many mation to .give this committee and the mitted this :fledging friend, surrounded Armenians settle, and where they and poultry industry tomorrow on the eve of by enemies, to become the :first victim of their sons and daughters into the third the beginning of further negotiations Soviet military aggression in the pattern and fourth generation contribute to our with the ministers of the European Com- of communist imperialism which subse­ culture, our community life and welfare mon Market. . quently swallowed other nations and has and our rich agricultural economy. In The loss of our poultry markets in the led to most of our troubles today. Per­ speaking to you today, I am speaking European Common Market area is of haps a resolute stand then, as we la:ter also to them and to their kinsmen and vital interest to the poultry industry of stood in Korea, and as we are standmg friends scattered through our country the United States. I think that many today in Berlin and in Vietnam! could ·and the nations of the world. To them, Members of both the House and Senate have discouraged such Commumst ag­ on behalf of my community and Nation, I want to express our gratitude. · will want to be on hand to hear what gression and would have been decisiv~ in Secretary Freeman has to say with re­ containing communism and in changing Let us then pause for this moment spect to this situation and our country's the course of world history. in America's affairs to pay tribute to a policy in relation thereto. The history of the Armenian people noble sister people, to recognize and Chairman HAROLD D. COOLEY of the is traced back seven centuries before commend and support the realization of Committee on Agriculture, upon an­ their national purposes, to commemorate Christ. In ancient times the nat~on nouncing the creation of the Poultry enjoyed glorious status as an empire, Armenian Independence Day, and to ex­ Subcommittee, said: but situated at the crossroads of civiliza­ press a welcome and a "well done" to The poultry industry has become so im­ tio~. it was repeatedly invaded and over­ those many persons of Armenian ances­ portant in the Nation's economy that its run by the mighty forces of Rome and try who are an important part of our welfare and prosperity should have the un­ Persia, locked in death struggles for su­ own national life. divided attention of a special subcommittee Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Speaker, on this Of our Committee on Agriculture. · premacy. Through subsequent ce~tu­ ries Armenia alternated between periods day which commemorates the 45th anni­ Members of the subcommittee, in addi­ of national unity and oppression by versary of Armenian independence, I tion to Chairman HAGAN, are Representa­ Arab or Turkish conquerors, but for 2,600 ·want to join with my colleagues and the tives THOMAS G. ABERNETHY, of Missis­ years has preserved its faith, its ethnic ·freedom-loving peoples across the world sippi. WATKINS M. ABBITT, of Virginia; integrity and its deeply rooted aspira­ in paying tribute to this small country in ROBE~T L. LEGGETT, of California; JAMES tions for statehood, independence and the far southeast corner of Eastern H. MORRISON, of Louisiana; PAUL B. freedom. Europe. DAGUE, of Pennsylvania; CLIFFORD G. Mc­ The extreme sufferings of the Arme­ Fired with patriotism like only people INTIRE, of Maine; and CATHERINE MAY, of nian people under brutal determination who have lost their liberty can be, the Washington. to destroy them are without parallel in meager Armenian forces fought their Mr. Speaker, we request and especially history. Literally millions were killed way to freedom against overwhelming invite each and every interested Member in repeated massacres. No small part ?f odds and established a climate for the of the House to be there. the motivation for these efforts to anm­ proclamation of a free and democratic hilate the Armenians as a race arose Armenian Republic on May 28, 1918. from the fact that they constituted an Although Armenian independence was ARMENIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY island of Christianity in a hostile sea short lived, her victory as well as her Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- . of Islamic rulel"I?. Clinging tenaciously ultimate defeat can be a lesson to. the imous consent to address the House for . to their faith from the most ancient free world. The words of Yeghise 9610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 Charentz, a foremost modern Armenian on terms dictated by the tactical prowess of clare its sovereignty and independence, poet of this century, are a reminder and the American forces, the Turkish Army was not only from Russian rule, but also thrown into a final and precipitous J."Qut. an inspiration to his countrymen: "O, The Armenian nation, having defeated its from Turkish domination; for the Ar­ Armenian people, your salvation is in age-old enemy on the honorable field of menian homeland embraced an area par­ your collective strength." But these battle, immediately declared itself a free tially located in Turkey, partially in words can also serve as a message to all and sovereign nation thus giving Armenia. Russia. men who value freedom-the only salva­ its first native free civil government since The Armenians' claim to this region tion of the free world is in its collective 1375. near the Black Sea and Mount Ararat strength. If the mighty battles in eastern Armenia of Biblical renown was justifiable, since fought by David against Goliath are not the first of their race had settled here Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, May 28 sufiiciently instructive and inspirational marks the 45th anniversary of the found­ what then can we say for the astonishing 600 years before Christ. Throughout its ing of the Armenian Independent Repub­ fact that here was a nation, which in 1915 turbulent history, this ancient kingdom lic, the first victim of Soviet expansion. had lost more than a quarter of its whole, played the role of the buffer state. When Many Americans of Armenian ances­ that rebounded from the shadow of the the nation converted to Christianity try have been active in the movement to grave to field an army and but 3 short during the fourth century, its people be­ establish a special House Committee on years later met its enemy and defeated him came the logical intermediaries of com­ ·so thoroughly as to constrain the Turk to be merce between Moslem East and Chris­ Captive Nations, believing that such a the first of all nations to recognize the in­ committee could explore the true nature dependence of Armenia. tian West. From their trading, the of the problems involved in relation to Often, when I recall the glorious achieve­ people developed a country described by the security of the free world. Certainly ment of May 28, 1918, I ask myself why is travelers as a "smiling land." During its all Americans of whatever extraction it that there are some people in these golden age under the Bagratid dynasty, join them in the hope that freedom will mighty United States who are so craven as Ani, the capital, was considered an archi­ again be restored to the Armenian na­ to indicate some fear of the Soviet. I ask tectural jewel, with massive walls, palace, tion. my distinguished colleagues to note that and vaulted cathedral. The ending of the event of the establishment of the In­ this glory was swift, however. Overrun I think my colleagues in the House will dependent Republic of Armenia. was not be interested in a speech prepared by a without its direct impact on the safety and by barbarian tribes from Central Asia, member of the Maine State Legislature, security of the free world and on the ulti­ Armenia sank into obscurity, a name re­ Hon. Herman der Sahagian of Belgrade, mate victory of the United States and its membered and recorded only in histories. Maine, for delivery today in the Maine Allies in World War I. However, the Armenian people lived House of Representatives: Early in that war, well aware of the stra­ on in their homeland. Upon their glori­ tegic importance of the Armenian front as ous past, their traditions, religion, and I am distributing this to bring to mind well as the priceless natural resources which the heroism of the people from whom I their aspirations, they built the new would be made available to the central pow­ Armenian Republic of the 20th century. proudly derive my parentage--the Armenian ers should that area fall to their forces, nation. You will forgive me for doing this Germany dispatched to Turkey one of the On May 28, 1918, its council declared because during these days our Armenl-an­ most brilliant of its Prussian generals, Li­ their homeland to be free and sovereign Am.erlcan neighbors nationwide are com­ man von Sanders, to lead the Turkish forces and looked to the world to recognize their memorating the 45th anniversary of the to the gates of the Caucasus. The Turkish claims. The chaotic war years which af­ founding of the Armenian Independent Re­ Army, led by its German ofiicers, would have forded them independence, though, also public on May 28, 1918, and are taking in­ achieved its objectives if the young Arme­ brought about their downfall. This spiration from that event for the grim strug­ nian manhood had withdrawn from the front gle of reliberation which again faces these shortlived nation struggled valiantly along with the Russians in 1917. Instead, against the encroaching Turkish and brave people. in defeating the Turks, the Armenians (re­ To peer back into history in this regard ferred to by President Wilson as the "Little Rui?sian military might, but to no avail. would be instructive. Ally" of the Allies) prevented the Turks During the peace conferences following In 1915, exploited, abused and persecuted, from seizing the oil fields of Baku, an event the war, Armenian representatives had the Armenian nation, chattels of the Otto­ which, in the testimony of Generals Luden­ appealed for recognition to the world man Turk from 1375, were dealt what was dorff and Von Sanders as well as such Allied community and by the 1920 Treaty of meant to be a final blow by their oppressors. leaders as Clemenceau, Generals Haig and Sevres, recognition for an Armenian In perhaps the fiercest genocidal operation Allenby and General Pershing, prevented state was granted. But before the pro­ mankind has seen, the Turks systematically needed petroleum from reaching the Kai­ visions of the treaty could be fulfilled, put the Armenians to the sword, sacrificing ser's armies in Europe thus materially short­ more than 1,500,000 innocent victims to their ening the war and ensuring the Allied vic­ Armenia had fallen. By December of militant gods. tory in that great conflict. 1920, the government capitulated to the But the nation that suffered this terrible It distresses me to report, however, that inevitable. Once again Armenia became blow which destroyed almost overnight the the free Armenian state, which was almost a name, this time, though, not to be for­ flower of the nation refused to curl up and immediately recognized by the United gotten. die and here is the story from which we take States, 2 years later was to fall the first During the preceding centuries, Ar­ hope, instruction and inspiration. victim of Soviet Communist aggression. menians had migrated by the thousands In 1917, Germany's ally, Turkey, was in a The Red army destroyed the sovereignty along the trade streams of the world to grim war for survival against the armies of of mighty little Armenia as the Western establish business communities. In every Tsarist Russia. With the Russian Army were Powers twiddled their thumbs and tried to Armenian contingents recruited from all over straighten out their little family quarrels. commercial center, be it Hong Kong, the world-young men who had returned to The sum total of this shortsightedness is Calcutta, London, or Buenos Aires, their the parental homeland to requite a measure that Armenia, instead of being a strong and presence is felt and respected. It is of revenge for what the Turk had done to resolute ally of the West facing the Soviet through these migrants that the spirit their compatriots. Union, is today a part of that Soviet Union, of liberty for their homeland has been When the Communist revolution erupted fettered, chained, restless and in bondage-­ kept alive. in Russia, Lenin, leader of the victorious one of the tragic group of "captive nations" Sympathy in the United States for an Bolshevlkl, immediately withdrew the Rus­ of communism. Armenian nation has grown steadily sian military units from all fronts. In Tur­ key the vast strategic Caucasian front, of Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, in the through the years. President Woodrow such enormous interest to the Allied powers years during which World War I was Wilson, at the Versailles conference, ap­ which had been lately joined by the United fought, the world experienced a series of pealed strongly for an independent State States, was denuded of Russian contingents. chaotic and disruptive upheavals. The and exerted much effort to realize this The Armenian units however refused to two decisive events which most affected hope. His plans, unfortunately, bore no disband. Led by the great Dashnakstakan the people of Eastern Europe and the lasting result. The approximate 150 ~ 000 party, the anti-Communist Armenian Rev­ Near East were the Russian Revolution Armenian community in the United olutionary Federation, these units were and the dismemberment of the Ottoman States, however, has continued to foster molded into a hard-hitting, well-led army. Although enormously outnumbered by the Empire. From the ruins of these two interest and sympathy for their cause. Turco-German force that faced it, the Ar­ colossi there arose numerous states com­ We who have been raised to believe in menian Army skillfully waged a withdrawal posed of national and ethnic groups, long the principle of self-determination must · of attrition until on May 20-28, in a series held in servitude and subjection. Ar­ recognize the plight of their relatives and of battles fought in eastern Armenia and menia was one of these nations to de- friends who remain behind the Iron Cur- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9611 tain in the old homeland and who con-: public on May 28. We in America who ing the war period. First, the Turkish tinue to hope that one day their nation believe in the principle of self-determi­ armies, then the Soviet armies marched will be free again. As Armenians every­ nation for national groups, honor the into weakly defended Armenia, soon where celebrate the 45th anniversary of Armenians by commemorating this im­ bringing the downfall of the new country. the founding of the independent Repub­ portant date and extend to them the Liberty loving and devoted to the pur­ lic of Armenia, let us join with them in hope that soon their homeland will have suits of peace, this noble people became this commemoration and extend to them a government of their own choice. A the victims of unwarranted aggression the wish that their homeland may once government of law in accordance with and tyranny. First, it had been the more join the world community as a their history and culture. Turks and now it was the Soviets who sovereign and free republic. Mr. PHILBIN. I am highly privileged, terrorized and ravished the Armenian . Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Speaker, to support my distinguished nation. The exploits of the Armenian throughout history, one cannot deny the colleaGues in this fitting tribute to mark people against these cruel, overwhelming importance of the Armenian in world the 45th anniversary of Armenian in­ enemies were and are among the bright­ civilizations. A vizier of Egypt or chief dependence day. est in the annals of mankind's age-old minister of the Ottoman Empire, an The strong, hard working, and brave battle against tyranny, oppression and architect of Istanbul or a philanthropist peoples of Armenia have for cen­ dictatorship. of New York, the people of this distinc­ turies shown their determination to Let it be known that their fight was tive race have left a most favorable im­ maintain a separate entity in spite of not in vain. The first victims of Soviet pact. They have a distinctive way of foreign control over their territory, even imperialism, the heroic resistance of the thinking; sound and constructive. their very lives. Romans, Persians, Armenian people to foreign domination This way of thinking originated when Turks, Russians, all have marched has been an inspiration to all. In fact, Armenia was once an indispendable buf­ through the rough terrain of the Ar­ the Armenian nation furnished the first f er state between the Byzantine and menian mountains, have pillaged its rich instance when an outraged people re­ Persian empires and remained so agricultural valleys, but have been un­ belled against the chains of slavery and throughout its turbulent history. Dur­ able to keep down the fierce and inde­ the yoke of Soviet tyranny. It was on ing the early period of its existence as pendent spirit of the Armenian peoples. February 18, 1921, that the citizens and an important Christian nation, it was Let me say that it is with great pleas­ peasants of little Armenia rose in re­ regarded as one of the most enlightened ure that I join with my friends and col­ volt and drove the Communists out of kingdoms of Asia. Ani, the capital, with leagues in the House in praising the the country to restore their former dem­ its vaulted cathedral and double walls, loyalty and courage of this great people. ocratic republic. However, with the re­ was looked upon as an architectural The Armenian people have been fighting turn of overwhelming Communist forces jewel. Yet, because of its strategic lo­ the battle for freedom for centuries with in August, 1921, Armenian resistance cation between the Black and Caspian great tenacity and courage. came to an end. Seas, its existence was always precarious. Forty-five years ago this day, as the But, Mr. Speaker, there has never When the Seljuks overran the kingdom -great war in Europe was drawing to its been an end to the hopes and dreams in the 11th century, it became, thereafter close, opportunity came for the Ar­ of the Armenian people for independ­ a province or satrapy of Persia, Turkey, menian peoples to achieve that greatest ence. Let us today assure the Armenian or Russia, depending upon treaties and of all political rights, independence. The patriots, both behind the iron curtain military prowess. suzerain power over the Armenians, and in the free world, of our continued The Armenian people, though, lived Turkey, was being defeated 1n battle by support in their efforts to see again, with the hope of once more being able to the allies of Western Europe, and the soon, a free and independent Armenian govern themselves. The advent of other powerful neighbor, Russia, was homeland. World War I and the subsequent dete­ reeling under revolution. Acting quickly It is appropriate today that we should rioration of the Ottoman Empire and and with determination, the Armenian pledge to all small nations suffering un­ .the fall of the Russian Czar enabled peasant army three times fought off a der the yoke of tyranny and oppression those living in the area designated as demoralized TUrkish force, and with our unyielding determination to restore Armenia to establish on May 28, 1918, an their eventual victory, declared them­ freedom to these unhappy lands. In independent Republic. To these people selves independent on May 28, 1918. these tributes by the House today, let who had suffered massacres and mass Never, I believe, have the obstacles it be known by the great historic Ar­ deportations, this proclamation seemed facing any new country been as great menian people and all oppressed peoples to be their salvation. as those facing the Armenians during the fight for freedom is our fight because During the peace conference follow­ that war time May in 1918. Yet, noth­ it is the fight for liberty, democracy, ing the World War, Woodrow Wilson ing daunted, the leaders of the Patriotic justice, morality, and human decency. It took an active part in the establishment Movement started a government going, is the fight for every precious value of of this small but proud country. There in spite of a lack of funds, lack of trained the free world and the free way of life. was present an Armenian representative public servants, no capital city, and the So, today, in the name of freedom, to voice his opinion with regard to his destruction of war all around. let us reiterate our loyalty to the sacred nation. Furthermore, by the Treaty of The slowly emerging government re­ cause of liberty. Let us express our Sevres, Armenia was recognized as a free ceived impetus from American Relief determination that Armenia will be lib­ and independent state. Fund aid, and from the positive support erated from the oppressor so that she Unfortunately, the Republic was short from Armenian communities throughout may take her place among free nations lived. In September 1920, the Turks at­ the world, as well as the arrival of gov­ of the world. tacked and took what they claimed was ernment employees, artisans, teachers, Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, the rightfully theirs, Russia followed suit in laborers, Armenians by birth of back­ Armenians are one of the oldest people in December of that year, overrunning ground-they came to contribute their the ancient Near East and in known his­ what was not governed by the TUrks. talents to the creation of an Armenian tory. They can trace their national Turkish Armenia was incorporated di­ homeland. Within a year .after its origin some 3,000 years. In their ancient rectly into the state while Russian founding, a stable nation was slowly homeland, the traditional Garden of Armenia became a part of the Trans­ emerging. However, it was to be an un­ Eden nestled under the towering Mount caucasian Soviet Federated Socialist fortunate fact of history that, even with Ararat, they maintained their independ­ Republic, later joining the U.S.S.R. as a the Treaty of Sevres in August '1920, ence centuries before the discovery of .constituent Republic. which established the legitimacy of the America. And when Asiatic invaders put The Armenians who remain in Russia Republic, this independence could not be an end to their national independence, continue to press for autonomy. While preserved. they managed to maintain ·their com­ their prospects at present are siim, their Strength began to. retmn to the two munal and spiritual independence wher­ hopes are high. The 750,000 Armenians powerful nations surrounding Armenia­ ever they happened to be. In the mean­ who live abroad help tO keep alive the Russia and TuI'key. Both had undergone time Armenia was ravaged, ruined and spirit of an independent homeland by revolutions that had increased their de­ divided among its conquerors. During celebrating the establishment of the Re- termination to regain territory lost dur- that time ·Armenians lived under alien 9612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 regimes in their homeland but kept alive The fortunes of war turned, as Russia a century before Columbus discovered the hope of regaining their ancient free­ was overtaken by revolution and Turkey America, and most of them had been liv­ dom. In the course of centuries they met continuing defeat at the hands of ing in dispersion for many centuries. endured all kinds of hardships and suf­ Allied armies, further weakening the Their native land was divided among fered a great deal. Early in World War I crumbling government of the "sick man their three neighbors-the Ottoman wholesale massacres perpetrated by the of Europe." Taking advantage of this Turks, the Persians, and the Russians. Turks came perilously close to extermi­ weakness in both of their powerful In suffering under the domination of all nating them. At the end of that war, neighbors, the liberty-loving Armenians these powers they hoped to find their however, the surviving Armenians pro­ rose up against their persecutors. They national salvation. During all that claimed their national independence. fought off three Turkish armies, and, time they steadfastly clung to their na­ That was on May 28, 1918. That with their victory, declared an independ­ tional traditions: their Christian faith, proclamation signified the rebirth of a ent Armenia on May 28, 1918. The coun­ their native language, and their aspira­ nation which had lost its independence try had no capital, no civil service, no tions. The more they were oppressed, more than 500 years earlier. The Presi­ money in the treasury, but there was a the more firmly they were resolved to dent of the United States, Woodrow Wil­ will and determination to succeed. cling to these ideals, and hoped that son, undertook to draw the boundaries of The first enemy to face the new state someday their freedom would come. the new state, and at the time that was famine, as refugees poured into the And at la.st that day came at the end seemed a good omen. But neither his little country, looking for peace and of the First World War, though only omcial act nor all the good wishes of the rescue from the fighting going on around after a terrible carnage that almost cost world could save the new state from its them. Thanks to expeditious aid from them their national existence. foes. Late in 1920 it was attacked by the American Relief Association, and During that war most of the Armeni­ Turkish nationalists and Russian Com­ other charitable organizations, the suf­ ans in the Asiatic provinces of the Otto­ munists, and its fate was sealed early in fering was alleviated, and stabilizing in­ man Empire-in historic Armenia-were December of that year. Since then, for fluences began to exert themselves in the deported and massacred. In this holo­ more than 42 years, Armenia has been country. From all over the world those caust, about 1 million Armenians lost part of the Soviet Union, and the Ar­ of Armenian birth and background re­ their lives, and several hundred thou­ menians have been lost in that veritable turned to their homeland to lend a hand sands of the survivors escaped to the prison of nationalities. Today, on the in the nation's development. Their ef­ Caucasus, the northern part of Armenia. 45th anniversary celebration of Arme­ forts as well as the efforts of their leaders There they felt free. They took their nian Independence Day, we all hope that of the independence movement within destiny into their hands and proclaimed the Armenian people again attain their the country, brought order out of chaos, their national independence. That was goal and live in peace in their historic giving to the country a stable government on May 28, 1918. homeland. within 1 year of its founding. Diplo­ At the time the country was still wag­ Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, today matic representatives were exchanged ing war against the Turks, and its popu­ marks the 45th anniversary of Armenian and an emcient government was in lation consisted mostly of refugees. Un­ Independence Day. operation. der such dimcult circumstances, the The Armenian Republic, created on It was not until 2 years after their independence of the new state was most May 28, 1918, was within the short time declaration of independence that the precarious. In the midst of insurmount­ of 2 years the first victim of Soviet mili­ sovereignty of the country was recog­ able difficulties the leaders of the new tary aggression. nized, by the Treaty of Sevres of August state struggled hard and managed to By 1920, the Armenian Republic had 1920. However, it is a sad fact of his­ carry on for more than 2 years. But the made great strides. It had established a tory that this treaty was never enforced. rising Turkish nationalist state and So­ popular government through a national In both Turkey and Russia there had viet Russia were both determined to an­ democratic election-the first of its kind been revolutions that had overthrown nihilate it. Late in the fall of 1920 the ever held in Asia Minor. A healthy weak governments, one through force by Armenian Republic was attacked both by economy and excellent future national communism, the other through defeat in the Turks and the Soviet forces. In a prospects were developing when the war. First, rejuvenated Turkey was de­ few weeks it was overrun, and by early tentacles of the Communist forces began termined to regain her lost Armenian December the Armenian Republic was to engulf the new nation. The country provinces and, when under Mustafa divided between the two, and its inde­ was taken over and has remained since Kemel, known to history as Kemel Ata­ pendence came to an end. That was under the Red yoke. turk, her armies invaded old Turkish more than 42 years ago. Armenian Americans today celebrate Armenia they met with success. To this Today there is the Soviet Socialist Ar­ Armenian Independence Day, in order defeat of Armenian aspirations Soviet menian Republic within the Soviet to remind the world of the heroism of Russia added the final blow by recovering Union, and that is the only shadow left their forebears, and to bring hope and Russian Armenia through force of arms. of the short-lived independent Armenian comfort to their compatriots who are The former allied powers of Europe were Republic. But the Armenian people suffering restively the heavy bonds of unable and unwilling to come to the aid there, detesting Communist totalitarian Communist tyranny. of the Armenians-their short-lived in­ dictatorship, pray for the day when that Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, out of dependence died, mixed with the blood of regime will be overthrown and they can war and its devastation comes hope for heroic resistance fighters, on December 2, regain their freedom., We all join them a better future, with peace and freedom 1920. in that prayer on the 45th anniversary in which a nation can grow. For a few Yet, again I say, that out of war and of the Armenian Independence Day. brief months, after years of oppressive Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on domination from outside influences, the destruction comes hope. The Armenian people of Armenia believed that out of people of the world have not given up this May 28, 1918, the people of Armenia pro­ the horror of the First World War might quality of hope for the eventual freedom claimed their independence from Soviet come their opportunity for peace in of their beloved country and peoples. and Turkish domination and united their which to develop as an independent We in this country join in this hope and forces in an attempt to maintain a free nation. today remember the brave Armenian Armenia. The fortunes of war, the in­ Rule over the area in which the Ar­ peoples under foreign domination in difference of World War I Allied Powers menians lived was divided between Rus­ their homeland, and their continuing and their statesmen prevented the Ar­ sia and Turkey, both of which fought as struggle for the political freedom in the menian people from achieving this goal. enemies during the 1914-18 war. Each of determination of their own destiny. As we commemorate the 45th anni­ these nations tried to gain support of Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the Ar­ versary of Armenian Independence Day, the Armenian people for their cause, but menians have been among the most per­ we find it especially appropriate in view without success. The resultant slaughter secuted of all peoples throughout known of recent developments within the Soviet of these brave people, who refused to be history, and they have su1fered µiost in Union. forced to war, galvanized resistance their historic homeland under conquer­ Recently, the Soviet Armenian press among the Armenians to any further for­ ing alien oppressors. They had lost has acknowledged the consolidation of eign domination. their national independence more than the Communist Parties of the three Re- 1963. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9613 publics of the Caucasian district into a DISCHARGE PETITION ON of Negro. He is better educated, he now single bureau centered in Baku, Soviet MEDICARE has more money and more political power Azerbaijan. · Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask than heretofore. He will use these assets The April 26 issue of the Yerevan pub­ unanimous consent to extend my remarks to-secure his rights. lication Krakan Tert in a three-page at this point in the RECORD. Negro emancipation has reached a article calling for a vigorous ·struggle The SPEAKER. Is there objection point where every white citizen must against all affectations of nationalism to the request of the gentleman from search his conscience and ask, "What am in the Transcaucasian Soviet-held states, New Jersey? I doing to bring justice to the Negro?" acknowledges the establishment of the There was no objection. The answer is mainly in the negative. Transcaucasian Bureau of the Commu­ Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, I have Our colleague, ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, nist Party of the U.S.S.R. to supervise today taken what I consider a step to with unbecoming language said "the party work in Soviet Armenia and So­ insure the processes of democracy for the white man is scared." The white man viet Georgia. U.S. House of Representatives. I have is far from scared. He is however, be­ The article screamed that all efforts filed a discharge petition to bring up for coming aroused from his apathy and must be made to kill all manifestations a vote the bill to provide hospital care seeing some of the errors of his inaction. of national spirit in the Republics, and for the aged through the social security He is realizing that relief is not fast that these efforts must be channeled into system. enough. the language and racial fields in the in­ This is a bigger question than whether We must immediately address our­ terests of Leninist internationalism. or not the hospital care bill should be selves to passing constructive legislation. It also called for an outright war on enacted. The question is whether or Civil rights hearings are now proceeding the remnants of religion and the creation not the duly elected representatives of before the Subcommittee of the House of atheism as a universal truth. the people of the United States should Judiciary Committee. They started It is known that the new party bureau, have the right to vote on one of the dom­ May 8. They will definitely terminate the establishment of which wrests from inant issues of our times. June 13. Those seeking to testify must Armenian hands even the modicum of I waited for 2 years in the 87th Con­ do so before that date. Otherwise, their responsibilities hitherto held in refer­ gress and 5 months during the current statements will only be received for in­ ence to party work in Soviet Armenia, is 88th Congress for the matter to be sertion in the record. headed by a . Russian from Moscow, a brought to the floor. I do not feel that I shall brook no delays. I hope to pre­ G. N. Bochkarev, formerly a petty om­ I can in good conscience wait any longer. sent a committee bill directly after June cial in the capital city of the Russian If a majority of my colleagues join me 13 because I believe that time is of the empire. in signing my discharge petition, the essence. Consolidation of the trans-Caucasian measure must come up for a vote so parties is another step forward in the that the Members of the House of Rep­ PUBLIC LAW 78 continuing Soviet drive to destroy nation resentatives can record their votes. identities in the Soviet Union, and to Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I ask russify the empire. What I have done cannot help me unanimous consent to address the House politically. Having won in 1962 by a for 1 minute and include extraneous It is clear, Mr. Speaker, that the Arme­ comfortable nian people are suffering under as great majority, it is no doubt matter. wiser from a political point of view to The SPEAKER. Is there objection oppression today under Soviet misrule as content myself with shaking hands and they have at any time in their centuries to the request of the gentleman from doing favors for my constituents. I did New York? of subjugation to various foreign domi­ not, however, run for Congress in order nations. There was no objection. to do the politic thing. I ran because Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, de­ It is especially important to note that I passionately am committed to the con­ Americans of Armenian extraction have feat of H.R. 5497 should by no means been particularly vigorous in urging the cept of democracy, and I believe that be a partisan matter. Members of both I am strengthening democracy in Amer­ parties should think twice about rou~ creation of a special House Committee on ica by my action. the Captive Nations, recognizing the tinely approving the sixth extension of practical contribution such a committee I believe that advocates and opponents Public Law 78, which is a temporary would make to exposing Soviet colonial­ of the measure alike should be willing statute that is apparently about as tem­ ism over Armenia and neighboring coun­ to sign the petition so that they can porary as some of these temporary Gov­ tries in the Soviet Union. stand up and be counted on this bill. ernment buildings that blight the Wash­ I salute the brave Armenian people on ington landscape. this anniversary of their independence URGENT NEED FOR CIVIL RIGHTS Regardless of party, Members should and urge them to maintain their faith BILL-CELLER COUNTERS POWELL consider very carefully the extent to and hope in the legitimate restoration of which the great State of California, independence and freedom to the Ar­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask which is the principal beneficiary of menian people. unanimous consent to address the House Public Law 78, actually is in need of this Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for 1 minute and to revise and extend traffic in human beings. that all Members have permission to ex­ my remarks. Consider for a moment, if you will, tend their remarks on the subject of The SPEAKER. Is there objection the manifest prosperity of the State of Armenian Independence Day at this to the request of the gentleman from California. It surpasses my State of New point in the RECORD. New York? York in retail trade. Almost twice as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. :Q:lany new homes were built last year in the request of the gentleman from Cali­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, we are California as in New York, and Cali­ fornia? facing a crisis in Negro-white relations. fornia led in all construction activity. There was no objection. The civil rights struggle is coming to a California has more Federal employees head-a tragic head. Birmingham and than any other State-even more than Oxford are symptomatic of the dangers there are here in the District of Colum­ SUBCOMMITTEE OF HOUSE SMALL we face unless we act and take control of bia, the seat of the Government. BUSINESS COMMITTEE the freedom movement, which is getting California gets about one-fourth of Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I into the hands of extremists. the prime defense contracts, in dollar ask unanimous consent that a subcom­ Patience is ;finite. Negroes have value, as well as 25 percent of the space mittee of the House Small Business waited long. Smoldering flames are program. It gets more than 40 percent Committee have permission to sit this shooting forth in parts of our fair land. of the Federal research and development afternoon during general debate. Token relief and pseudomeasures of funds. Th~ SPEAKER. Is there objection to reform will not ·stem a rising tide of The value of farm production in Cali­ the request of the gentleman from Cali­ wrath among 20 .million. The present· fornia exceeds that of any other State. fornia? r.ate of change is too. slow. This free­ It .is almost three~quarte,rs . of a billion There was _no objection. dom movement is being led by a new type dollars ahead of the great State of Iowa, 9614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 its nearest competitor in terms of value extension. Your "No" vote on H.R. 5479, adopted policy positions which are releva n t of annual farm output. And what sus­ which is soon to come to the floor, will be a to this situation: 1 Therefore be it tains this enormous farm productivity, vote to remove one of the most intolerable Resolved, That the general board of the injustices against the poorest of American National Council of the Churches of Christ this tremendous and commendable pros­ citizens. in the United States of America is opposed to perity throughout the California econ­ I hope that we can count on you. the extension of Public Law 78 (82d Cong.) omy? Can it actually be the indentured Very sincerely yours, in its present form; but, to avoid hardships foreign labor, as we are told? Must the REV. JAMES L. VIZZA.RD , S. J . on employers and workers who have come to State that in many, many ways is the rely on this program, we approve the exten­ most prosperous in the Nation depend NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE sion of the farm labor importation program upon imported workers? CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN THE U.S.A., (Public Law 78) in amended form for a tem­ Secretary of Labor Wirtz testified be­ N ew York, N .Y., May 27, 1963. porary period with a specific date of final Hon. BENJAMIN s. ROSENTHAL, termination with definite provisions for an­ fore the Committee on Agriculture to the House of R epresentativ es, nual reductions in volume written into the effect that 127 ,000 Mexican laborers had Washington, D .C. act ; been imported into California under this DEAR Ma. ROSENTHAL: I enclose a st ate­ Furthermore, even for this periOd of tran­ statute last year, at a time when 395,000 ment of the General Board of the National sition, we recommend that amendments American citizens in that State were un­ Council of Churches entitled, "Resolution be adopted designed to bring about the fol­ employed. Now, would it not increase Regarding the Future of the Mexican Agri­ lowing improvements in the legislation: (a) California's prosperity even further to cultural Worker Importation Program (Pub­ Limitation of the program to temporary labor let this law expire and give these jobs lic Law 78, 82d Cong.)." shortage situations and to unskilled, non­ This resolution, adopted in February 1960, machine jobs; (b) assurance that diligent to Californians? Would it not increase reflects the long experience of the Na tional efforts have been made by both employers the prosperity of all the other States that Council of Churches through its ministry to and the Bureau of Employment Securit y are using imported labor to let this law migrants. This led us to the conviction that of the Department of Labor to recruit do­ die, and increase the number of jobs the Mexican farmworker importation pro­ mestic labor at a wage adequate for health for American workers, and cut the num­ gram, introduced as a wartime emergency and welfare before any certification of need ber on the unemployment rolls and the measure and continued year after year long for Mexican nationals is made by the De­ relief rolls? Is this not a way to expand after t he emergency had ceased, should be p ar t ment; ( c) removal of the "certification prosperity without spending a cent of tax gradua lly eliminated during a specified of need" procedures as fully as possible from phaseout period. undue local pressure by growers; (d) de­ funds? Since that time the widespread introduc­ termination of prevailing wage rates for At this point in the RECORD I include tion of mechanization has resulted in an Mexican nationals by the Department of La- a copy of a letter I have received from automatic phaseout process in which the ·bor at a level that will not depress wages the Reverend James L. Vizzard, S.J., di­ number of braceros brought into the country which might be offered to domestic workers rector of the Washington office of the has decreased each year. This fact, together or prevent their seeking such employment; National Catholic Rural Life Conference; with the widesprea d and increasing unem­ ( e) inclusion in the law of specific provisions and a copy of another letter received ployment among both farm and ot her with respect to promulgation of rules and from Rev. Cameron P. Hall, executive workers in this country, has reenforced the regulations by the Secretary of Labor which conviction that the importation program will insure observance of the intent of the director of the National Council of the should not be again extended. law; and adequate provision for enforcement Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., to­ I am sending this to you for your infor­ including authorization of sufficient inspec­ gether with a copy of a resolution mation on a matter of public interest before tion and enforcement personnel, and appro­ adopted in February of 1960 by the gen­ the Congress at this time. We believe you priate penalties for violations; (f) establish­ eral board of the National Council of will be interested to know of the principles ment of an appeal procedure available to the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. re­ relating to this issue adopted by this body growers or workers where findings of viola­ garding the importation of agricultural of men and women from our churches and tion are made; be it further workers from Mexico into these United tlie accompa nying brief statement of reasons Resolved, That in taking this position we therefor. recognize that certain other aspects of our States. These letters are in absolute op­ Sincerely yours, national policy are intertwined with the op­ position to the continuation of this CAMERON P. HALL. eration of the Mexican importation program Mexican farm labor program, and the and that we recognize that a responsible views contained therein are representa­ RESOLUTION REGARDING THE FUTURE OF THE policy which provides for early termination tive of many of the major religious MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL WORKER IMPORTA­ of that program must also come to grips with groups in our country: TION PROGRAM (PuBLIC LAW 78, 82D CONG.) the following related issues: (a) The neces­ NATIONAL CATHOLIC RURAL LIFE CONFERENCE, ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL BO,UtD OF THE NA­ ~ity of providing adequate enforcement of the TIONAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF immigration laws on the Mexican border to Washington, D. C., May 24, 1963. prevent resurgence of the vast influx of so­ Hon. BENJAMIN ROSENTHAL, CHRIST IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, s. FEBRUARY 25, 1960 called " wetbacks" of a few years ago and House of Representatives, strict interpretation of the provisions of the Washington, D.C. Whereas Public Law 78 (82d Cong.) pro­ DEAR MR. ROSENTHAL: You undoubtedly viding for the importation of agricultural immigration laws so as to prevent circum­ know that for many years the National workers from the Republic of Mexico will vention of the termination of the Mexican Catholic Rural Life Conference and many expire on June 30, 1961, unless extended by importation program; (b) the readiness of other national Catholic organizations have Congress; and the U.S. Government to develop, with the been urging that this Nation finally face up Whereas the present practice of our Gov­ Mexican Government, such programs of eco­ to the requirements of justice and decency ernment in authorizing the importation of nomic and technical aid as may be required in dealing with the urg~nt human needs of Mexican nationals for agricultural labor in at least to offset any injury the Mexican migratory farmworkers. the United States involves human and ethical One of the most important fa.ctors con­ issues of grave concern to the conscience of 1 Pertinent national council statements: tributing to the persistent underemployment Christian people; namely, (a) the importa­ (a) "We believe that. churches should -sup­ and poverty of our citizen workers has been tion program has injurious effects on the port measures intended to provide more the importation each year of hundreds of family and commµnity life both of the Mexi­ effective utilization of domestic seasonal la­ thousands of Mexican citizens brought here can nationals who are imported and of the bor; the importation of foreign workers only for seasonal farmwork under Public Law 78. domestic workers who, because of the pres­ when necessary to supplement the domestic There may have been periods-during ence of Mexican nationals, are deprived of labor supply, with adequate provision made wartime for instance-when braceros were employment or find it necessary to migrate for their welfare; the discouragement of the needed to work our fields and pick our crops. in search of employment; (b) importation practices of importing foreign workers from But today when countless numbers of our tends to produce a labor surplus thereby de­ economically depressed areas as a means of own citizens find farm jobs few and far pressing wages and labor standards for do­ their rehabilitation, with emphasis instead between, when the average migrant finds mestic agricultural workers; and even if the on the encouragement o! efforts such as the less than 130 days of work a year for a United States has failed to make the neces­ point 4 program"; (b) "a violation of the yearly income of less than $1,000, it seems sary adjustments to enable a.11 farmers to Christian oon~ept of justice exists in the _fact incredible that we should continue to import secure an equitable share of the national in­ that wageworkers in agriculture are denied masses of directly competing workers from come there is no moral justification for per­ most of the legal and economic protections Mexico. petuation of substa.ndard wages for agricul­ long accorded to wageworkers in industry." The National Catholic Rural Life Con­ tural labor; and ("Ethical Goals tor Agricultural Policy,'' ference, therefore, pleads most earnestly Whereas the general board of the National statement by the general board, June 4, with you to vote against the proposed 2-year Council of Churches has, from time to time, 1958.) 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 9615 economy may suffer from the termination of action as replacement by the President other members of our committee have the Mexican importation program; be it woul l 1nevitably be subject to the closest had ample opportunity to observe Mr. further scrutiny by the Congress and the people. Resolved, That the general board authorize Minow in action. Far from being given representatives of the National Council of The reasons for the replacement would to controversy we have found Mr. Minow Churches to testify at hearings in respect to more or less automatically be laid bare most cooperative in working for solu­ Public Law 78 (82d Cong.) along lines indi­ when the Senate has before it the ques­ tions of difficult and complex issues in cated above. tion of confirmation of the new ap­ the field of communications. Mr. Minow pointee of the President. has helped to make the task of our com­ I believe this proposed amendment to mittee of legislating in the field a great TERM OF OFFICE OF JOINT CHIEFS our National Security Act will strength­ deal easier than it would have been with­ OF STAFF en our Joint Chiefs of Staff system as an out his cooperative attitude. Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I ask independent body of our best military Mr. Minow's achievements as Chair­ unanimous consent to address the House minds on whose judgment we should rely man of the Federal Communications for 1 minute and to revise and extend my if we are to maintain national defense Commission have been acknowledged remarks. superiority. Of course, no law will be widely by the daily press, and it is my The SPEAKER. Is there objection satisfactory unless it is administered in privilege of including as a part of my to the request of the gentleman from accordance with the intent of Congress. remarks two examples of such acknowl­ Illinois? I am not at all sure the present Secretary edgements. There was no objection. of Defense cares what Congress intends. On behalf of the members of the Com­ Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, yester­ He and his civilian aids presume to mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ day the chairman of our Committee on know all the answers, military as well as merce, I would like to wish Mr. Minow Armed Services the gentleman from economic. Godspeed and success in his future en­ Georgia [Mr. VINSON] introduced a bill­ deavors. I, personally, regret that for H.R. 6600-to fix the term of office at 4 NEWTON N. MINOW reasons of his own he was unable to years for all the Joint Chiefs of Staff. continue in public office . . I am sure he As ranking minority member of the Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask will be missed. However, in saying committee I am today introducing an unanimous consent to address the House goodby to Mr. Minow I want to welcome identical measure. My purpose is to for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re­ his successor, Mr. E. William Henry, and show the unanimity on our committee marks, and to include two editorials. I want to express a hope that he will as to the importance of our Joint Chiefs The SPEAKER. Is there objection carry on the good work performed by of Staff, responsible for our military to the request of the gentleman from Mr. Minow during his tenure in office. plans and strategy, being able to express Arkansas? [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, May independent judgment on military mat­ There was no objection. 16, 1963] ters without having to be concerned over Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, it is tradi­ MR. Mmow's RATING his reappointment. tional when public servants leave public The story is told that after he had sworn Existing law authorizes appointments office to include in the public record a in Newton Minow, President Kennedy said up to a period of 4 years, except for the statement regarding the achievements in an earnest aside, "Newt, we expect you Commandant of the Marine Corps who during their terms of office. It is with to do something about getting better tele­ must be appointed for 4 years. By fix­ a mixture of regret and gratification that vision shows." The record discloses that ing the term at 4 years we will have the I am rising today in the well of the Mr. Minow has done just about everything House to bid goodby and Godspeed to the laws allow to encourage a change of benefit of the experience of each senior scenery on the screen that he called "a vast military member of his service that a very eminent public servant who is wasteland." In his 2 years as chairman of arises from continuity of service on the leaving public office on June 1, Mr. New­ the Federal Communications Commission, Joint Chiefs of Staff as the overall mili­ ton N. Minow, Chairman of the Federal Mr. Minow has made the quality of broad~ tary planning body. We will also better Communications Commission. casting a national issue. This will surely insure against civilian dictation on mat­ Mr. Minow assumed office on March 2, guarantee him a high rating for service on i961, and thus has served slightly more a scale more exacting than that employed by ters strictly military. With .a fixed 4 Trendex. year term, with no right of reappoint­ than 2 years in that important office. A gifted controversialist, Mr. Minow ment, a Secretary of Defense will be less Upon assuming office, Mr. Minow gave a showed a zest for combat and a skill with able to force his will on the Joint Chiefs speech which catapulated him into the phrases that forced broadcasters to recon­ of Staff and they will be less reluctant public · limelight. In that speech he sider their responsibilities to the public. to express themselves frankly when so characterized television as a "vast waste­ The laws do not permit the FCC to act as a requested by our Committee on Armed land." censor, but they do not prevent the chair­ man from speaking his mind. Mr. Minow Services, as well as our other committees Being an astute public servant Mr. left no doubts about his views on the dreary of the Congress. Minow understood that a public problem programs and caterwauling commercials that It must be borne in mind that under cannot be solved until the public recog­ constitute so much of TV's "Bland Old the Constitution the primary responsi­ nizes it as such. The "vast wasteland" Opera." bility for the size, kind, and nature of speech succeeded in calling to the atten­ How much effect did his campaign have national defense we shall have is vested tion of the American people a vast pub­ on broadcasting? Opinions differ. Defensive in the Congress-not in the Secretary of lic problem which to a large extent is industry spokesmen insist that the increase still with us. in public service programs antedated Mr. Defense, not even in the President. It is Minow's arrival in Washington, and they note accordingly of primary importance that However, if a public problem is recog­ wryly that TV's most popular show is now the Cong:ress be able to obtain from our nized as a problem by the public, we are "The Beverly Hillbillies." Yet there is no chief military planners their frank and one step closer to the solution of the doubt that Mr. Minow's hectoring prodded honest opinions without any coercion or problem, and I think Mr. Minow is owed an industry too often bemused by size of fear of their military. future from any a debt of gratitude by the American peo­ audience and magniture of profit; if there Secretary of Defense. ple for helping our democracy to identify was an existing tendency to improve TV, the chairman's repeated salvos accelerated the With a fixed 4-year term, it will no an important public problem. pace. longer be possible for a Secretary of De­ Many persons have laQeled Mr. Minow In concrete terms, Mr. Minor did succeed fense to place a "cloud" on a military of­ a controversial person. No doubt he has in freeing channel 13 in New York for edu­ ficer's distinguished career by preventing created controversy or as I rather would cational purposes, and the station may yet his reappointment if the senior officer describe it-he has brought about a di­ become the fiagship of a national educational should not endorse the Secretary's views. alog which still continues on how network. His . advocacy before .Congress Of course, the members of the Joint broadcasters are to perform in the pub­ helped win passage for bills creating the Telstar Corp., providing Federal help for edu­ Chiets of Staff can at any time be re­ lic interest as required by the Communi- cational stations, and requiring set manu­ placed by the President. They serve at cations Act. · facturers to build all-channel receivers his pleasure. This is as it should be. As chairman of the Committee on beginning on June l, 196:4 ~ Under his chair­ He is Commander in Chief. Such drastic Interstate and Foreign Commerce, I and manship, the FCC authorized tests of pay 9616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 TV, tightened up reviewing procedures for works and agencies turn to avoid the neces­ the eulogy at Orvil Dryfoos' funeral, has license renewals, and for the first time moved sity of making their own decisions as to effectively into regulation of interstate tele­ quality and taste or to blame the rest of us eloquently summed up the character and phone rates-the new $1 long-distance rate for their own lack of taste and judgment? achievements of our friend, and I insert is a product of his efforts. Newton Minow will leave the TV scene Mr. Reston's eulogy herewith as a per­ This record sets an exacting standard for at the hight of the age of the "spin-off," a manent tribute to Orv~l E. Dryfoos: the new FCC chairman, E. William Henry, a form of parthenogenesis by which one "Bev­ A EULOGY FOR ORVIL DRYFOOS young Commissioner who also appears to erly Hillbillies" this season becomes two such The death of Orvil Dryfoos .was blamed believe in energetic leadership. "The idol of series the next and perhaps three or four the majority approval," Mr. Henry said recently, on heart failure, but that, obviously, could season after that, until, finally, our stom­ not have been the reason. Orv Dryfoos' "must not be worshiped by the networks ach- if not our brains- can stand no more. to the complete exclusion of the public's heart never failed him or anybody else. Ask need for variety and the creative artist's Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask the reporters on the Times. It was steady need for an outlet for his talents." Under unanimous consent to address the House as the stars. Ask anybody in this company Chairman Henry, and fortified by the anti­ of friends. It was faithful and kind. Ask for 1 minute and to revise and extend my his beloved wife and family. No matter trust background of Lee Loevinger, who has remarks. left the Justice Department to fill the va­ what the doctors say, they cannot blame his cancy on the FCC, the Commission should The SPEAKER. Is there objection heart. be faithful to its ultimate sponsor-the to the request of the gentleman from In the spiritual sense, his heart was not a American public. Massachusetts? · failure but his greatest success.· He had There was no objection. room in it for every joy and everybody else's [From the Little Rock (Ark.) Gazet te, Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, I want to joy. This was the thing that set him apart­ May 16, 1963] this warmness and purity of spirit, this con­ compliment the gentleman from Arkan­ siderateness of his mother, whom he tele­ MINOW TAKES THE LAST STAGE FROM sas for bringing to the attention of this phoned every day; of his wife and children, TOMBSTONE House the departure of Newton N. Min­ of his colleagues and competitors. And this It may be truly said of anyone having any­ ow as Chairman of the Federal Com­ uncorrupted heart, broken or no, is what is thing to do with the production of an en­ munications Commission. There is no likely to be remembered of him in this great cyclopedia that his work is never done. To city and at Dartmouth, his other home. Newton Minow, however, his new connection Member of this Congress who knows with the Britannica may take on some of the more about Federal communication FRIENDS, NOT SPEECHES aspects of a rest cure when he looks back problems than the gentleman who just The obit writers had a hard weekend with upon his tour as FCC Chairman, a labor spoke in the well of the House. Orv because they kept hunting for him in which, seriously entered into, is roughly com­ I join with him in this tribute to Mr. the files and of course he wasn't there. He parable to that of Sisyphus, with some over­ Minow as he leaves the FCC and goes didn't make speeches, he made friends. The tones of Hercules in Augean stables. last time I saw him, he was breathing hard back to private life. Heading almost any but still worrying about everybody else's Mr. Minow came to the Commission more agency of this vast Federal Government than 2 years ago with his widely quoted de­ worries and insisting that everybody get a scription of commercial TV broadcasting as a is a difficult task but it is infinitely more good rest after the long strike. "vast wasteland." Is the wasteland today difficult when that agency touches the Most of the time, it is the heart that any less vast for his brief passage? The pulse and feelings of so many people governs understanding, and understanding safest sort of nonanswer would be to specu­ across our land. Newton Minow met was his special quality. He not only under­ late upon what things would be like if Mr. the challeng·e and he met it with cour­ stood human frailty and almost preferred Mil1ow had never made the scene, or had age and determination. He stirred to it. He understOOd the sensitive pride and brought to his task the attitude of a time­ the depths the great broadcasting in­ combative instincts of reporters and editors, server rather than that of goad and gadfly. which is not easy. He even understood the Our own summary judgment is that net­ dustry; and it is my judgment that this anxieties of the printers during the time work informational programs are the best fantastic communication medium is the of our troubles. ever, a development for which the retiring better for Chairman Minow's words and Throughout the whole ghastly period, when FCC Chairman can claim some indirect deeds. He, indeed, has been a good and he wore his life away, he was again worrying credit. a great public servant and President about other people, this time about those For the rest of it, though, the programing Kennedy can take pride in his appoint­ who were on the street with no work and panorama is as evocative of ·"Death Valley ment and the service he rendered. I those who were in the office with too much Days" as ever, with perhaps even more give my own congratulations to him and work. He was running the office by day and weathered jawbones in view. Indeed, one of often negotiating far into the night. Even Mr. Minow's troubles was that he was never I add my sincere wish that the future when his heart began to rebel and the doc­ sure from day to day that the next skull he will be as exciting as the past and that tors put him on digitalis to regulate it, ·no­ picked up wouldn't be his own. The broad­ his gracious wife, Jo, and his lovely chil­ body knew what was going on but his family. casters didn't "get" Newton Minow; he had dren and Newton Minow will have AND NEVER CAME BACK the full support of the Kennedy administra­ many, many years of happiness, health, tion all the way, and the choice of a succes­ and prosperity as they leave the official When the strike was over he finally slipped sor, the young Memphis lawyer, E. William Washington scene. away to the hospital and never came back. Henry. is proof enough that the administra­ This quality of concern for others is vital tion hasn't given up on its determination to to the tradition of the Times. A newspaper do something about radio and TV broadcast­ is a very special kind of partnership. The ing. But what the broadcasting industry can THE LATE ORVIL E. DRYFOOS main ingredients are not newsprint ink and do, by exerting unremitting pressure, is to Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask advertising, but the more volatile human make it that much easier for a man to decide unanimous consent to extend my remarks ingredients of blood, brains, pride, and cour­ to leave public service for the Encyclopaedia age. This is why understanding is so im­ Britannica at four or five times ,his present at this point in the RECORD and include portant at the top, and why Adolph Ochs, rate of pay. extraneous matter. Arthur Sulzberger and Orvil Dryfoos, having The big question Mr. Minow will leave The SPEAKER. Is there objection understanding, were so good at it. For they behind him is not whether he personnally to the request of the gentleman from saw a newspaper, as Edmund Burke saw a did enough to raise the broacasting indus­ Connecticut? nation, not only as a partnership of the try's cultural and ethical standards. He There was no objection. living, but as a partnership "between those certainly did all he could. The question, who are living, those who are dead, and rather, is whether much of anything can Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, in the those who are to be born." be done about raising the broadcasting in­ death of Orvil E. Dryfoos, I have lost a There should be some consolation for us dustry's standards, given the existing system friend whom I have known since our stu­ all, believer and unbeliever alike, in this under which so-called entertainment pro­ dent days at Dartmouth College. I have thought. Orvil Dryfoos had this special sen se grams are conceived and spanked into life, always been aware of his purposefulness of trusteeship to a marked degree. He if only as a necessary prelude to infanticide. and of his devotion to the causes which thought of himself, as his father-in-law did Commerce Committee Chairman OREN he thought worthwhile. before him, as one of a team working for an HARRIS, of Arkansas, has done valuable work In particular, as an alumnus of Dart­ ideal larger than himself, of carrying on for in exposing some of the more obvious TV a time something he devoutly believed to and radio rating services. But once these mouth College, I take this opportunity be important. And he not only carried it flaws have been exposed, where do we go to pay tribute to his long and devoted higher up the hill, but expanded its influence from there? If the rating services did not service to that historic institution. across the continent and planted a new edi­ exist, the industry ·would be forced to invent James Reston, the distinguished col­ tion of the Times beyond the Rockies. Thus, them again, for where else would the net- umnist of the New York Times who gave he achieved his ideal much more than most 1963 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9617 men are able to do, and remains a part of Mr. ALGER. - The gentleman assures tries in subversive, revolutionary, agita­ an institution that will go on as long as the gentleman from Ohio that the re­ tional, and sabotage techniques. men are faithful to its ideals. · marks will be in the RECORD. I forgot 11. The very presence of the Soviets in THEY MUST CDorothy Schiff) Judiciary, stated that the problem of bore them the children who must carry on. Orvil Dryfoos, the publisher of the New race relations are assuming critical pro­ Their fathers have given them a good lead. York Times, was the most unselfish, friend­ portions in the United States of America. It is summed up for them-and I ask the liest, least pretentious of all who met so He said that an accusing finger is being children to remember it--in a quote from endlessly last winter during the newspaper Robert Burns. He said: "Whatever mitigates strike. pointed at the Congress for lack of ac­ the woes or increases the happiness of oth­ Sensitive to the feelings of others, he was tion on legislation: He quite properly re­ ers-this is my criterion of goodness. And quick to praise and slow to criticize. He minded the House that since May 8 hear­ whatever injures society at large, or any in­ remained good-humored and optimistic no .ings on civil rights have been held by dividual in it-this is my measure of in­ matter how trying and exhausting the cir­ the House Committee on the Judiciary iquity." cumstances. Himself without guile, he al­ and that Members who wish to be heard PERCEPTIVE JUDGMENT ways looked for the best in the rest of us and better appear within the next few days. tried to make peace when there was no peace. Orvil Dryfoos lived by this noble ideal, He said that a bill would be reported out He was the nicef?t perso~ I knew and I but knew that ideals and traditions are not share the grief of his family and friends at promptly. Yet, today, not a single self-enforcing. Somebody must decide in his premature passing. spokesman of the administration has the newspaper business. In no other institu­ tion are so many choices offered every day yet appeared before the House Commit­ of the year. In no other craft are there so [From the New York (N.Y.) Times, May 26, tee on the Judiciary to testify. In fact, many men with so many diverse ideas on 1963] the Attorney General has twice ad­ so many subjects, about which so much can A QUIET LEADER journed scheduled appearances. And be said. But the tyranny of the deadline The sorrow that today grips acutely every this is the number one matter today be­ is always present, and while most of these single member of the New York Times or- fore the country. The administration 9620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 was late in coming up with a message senate, by majority vote, amrmect the Presi­ It will commence on May 29 with Governor and a bill. It was pretty thin when it dent's decision. Scranton, as chief executive of the Common­ did come up, but even then one would The War of 1812 became the standard wealth, hosting many distinguished guests. bearer for a dedicated ca.use--a ca.use 1n: Congressman JAMES D. WEAVER is chairman think there would be some interest in which a young Nation reasserted her de­ of the opening days ·festivities and recently supporting it. termination for independence and gave ftna.1 announced that in addition to Governor The other day the President said in notice to all th.at sihe was a free and sovereign Scranton, the Governors of four other States a press conference that there is no stat­ nation. have been invited. At the time of this re­ ute which enables the Federal Govern­ The most significant engagement of this lease, acceptances have been received from ment to invoke the protections of the War of 1812, and certainly on record as one Gov. James Rhoads, of Ohio, and Gov. John of the greatest of all naval victories, was the Chaffee, of Rhode Island. Acceptance from Bill of Rights for individuals in Birming­ Battle of Lake Erie, the results of which two other Governors are pending. ham and elsewhere, and yet the admin­ brought control of the Great Lakes to the Additionally, nationally known TV stars istration has never asked Congress for Americans. Commanded by the young, are presently committed for the opening, as such a statute. I am referring of course astute naval commodore, Oliver Hazard Perry, well as nationally syndicated columnists. to title m. I find it surprising and dis­ the 3-hour battle took place off Put-in-Bay, The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in turbing. Ohio, near Sandusky. But behind this brief late 1962 appropriated $80,000 to install rig­ engagement lies a journal of vision, confi­ ging and hull repair to the reconstructed dence, courage, and sheer determination un­ brig Niagara, Perry's victory fiagship, now on PERRY SESQUICENTENNIAL, 1963 surpassed in our Nation's history. display at the foot of State Street in Erie. Mr. WEAVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask The foresight of maritime Capt. Daniel Highlighting some of the summer festiv­ Dobbins in choosing Erie as the site for it ies will be a gigantic, yet appropriate, unanimous consent to address the House construction of Perry's fieet set the stage for parade on Memorial Day, May 30. for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re­ this decisive victory. And the story behind On the evening of the opening day a marks, and to include extraneous matter. the fleet's construction is itself packed with premiere performance of an outdoor his­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection tense drama and human interest. Erie will torical drama "From These Shores,'' will be to the request of the gentleman from commemorate the fieet's construction and presented at Academy Stadium. The Gover­ Pennsylvania? the Battle of Lake Erie with a series of events nors of five States will attend the opening beginning May 29 and concluding September performances, as wen as other notable dig­ There was no objection. 10, 1963. nitaries. The production will be presented Mr. WEA VER. Mr. Speaker, on the "However," emphatically states Sumner H. nightly May 29 through June 8; July 8 eve of a celebration of importance and Nichols, general chairman of the Perry through 13; and August 7 through 17. The significance to all Americans, I invite the Sesquicentennial Committee, "although this outdoor spectacular will be professionally attention of my colleagues and all Amer­ marks an anniversary of a major victory, we produced and directed, having a cast of more are placing importance on the fact that this than 800 people, all in authentic historical icans interested in the events of history victory set the stage for the establishment which have made this country the inde­ costume against a scenic panoramic backdrop of peaceful boundaries between two coun­ of 300 feet in width. The 90-minute drama pendent democracy that it is. Tomorrow tries. We wm develop various activities to will be concluded each evening with a spec­ in Erie, Pa., within the 24th Congres­ focus attention upon this historic fact. No t acular fireworks display. sional District which I represent, begins one can doubt but that these unpatrolled Other activities have been scheduled the summer-long celebration of the Bat­ borders between our two countries are un­ throughout the summer including specially tle of Lake Erie and the building of precedented in world history." Consequently, the Erie group feels that it designated weeks, such as: All Nations Week, Perry's fleet in Erie Harbor. can be of great service to the country and to Industry Week, Ladies Week, Youth Activities Many events are being scheduled for the interests of international good will if it Week, Sports Week, and a schedule of mili­ this celebration and the major theme tary participation as follows: June 28, 29, 30, can develop major programs of participa­ U.S. Coast Guard Week; July 1-7, U.S. Air of the observance is not one of victory tion highlighting the peaceful borders theme. Force Week; July 8-14, U.S. Army Week; over the vanquished but the 150 years In a recent statement to local media, July 15-21, U.S. Marine Corps Week; July of peace between two great nations­ Chairman Nichols said, "We sincerely be­ lieve that our neighbors to the north of us 22-28, U.S. Navy Week; July 28-August 4, the United States and Canada. are kindred spirits. Obviously we recognize Space Age Week. Our neighbor to the north, Canada, is their right to maintain their national iden­ The American Horse Show Association joining in our celebration, and it is my tity as we wish to maintain ours. This does sanctioned horse show will be held at Acad­ hope that many people will travel to not preclude, however, a continuance of emy Stadium on July 26, 27, and 28. Scottish Erie to participate in this observance and .Peaceful, productive, and constructive as­ games featuring pipes and drums bands the events which have been scheduled sociation between our two countries. We are from Canada will be featured July 19 and 20. for the summer months, as described in too closely linked culturally, economically, An invitation has been sent to the Royal and socially to deny the individuality o:i: this Canadian Mounted Police to bring in their the following announcement and pro­ friendly alliance." world-renowned exhibition team in connec­ gram: Realizing the potential of this develop­ tion with the horse show. All military serv­ PERRY SESQUICENTENNIAL NEWS ment, particularly in view of current strained ices are being requested to bring in static Coming at a time when the Western World diplomatic relations between the two coun­ display and mobile units pertinent to their is still searching for roads to a lasting peace, tries, a delegation of the Perry Sesquicen­ particular weeks activities. Cultural· activ­ it is significant that a group of public­ tennial Committee recently journeyed to ities will be carried out throughout the scope Washington. There they had an appoint­ of the celebration; art shows, concerts, dis­ spirited citizens in Erie, Pa., with full sup­ plays, exhibitions, etc. The Perry Sesqui­ port of the entire community, are mapping ment with the No. 3 man in the State De­ partment, Under Secretary of State for Polit­ centennial Committee earlier this year com­ out a commemorative prorgam which is of missioned Mr. Louis Menninl, of the Eastman high international consequence. ical Affairs, Hon. George McGhee. McGhee was delighted with t;he plans of the Erie Orchestra at Rochester, N.Y., to compose a One hundred and fifty years of peaceful major symphony as a tribute to the sesqui­ boundaries between the United States and group and gave them his full support and advice. Cementing this support, he turned centennial year. This original work will be Canada is their byword. Their vehicle is the presented by the Erie Philharmonic in con­ occasion of the 150th anniversary of the over to them, as liaison man, Mr. Wharton D. Hubbard of the Canadian Affairs Desk, U.S. cert on September 8 and 9. building of Perry's fieet and the Battle of A visit between President John F. Kennedy Lake Erie. State Department, who brought the commit­ tee to a meeting with Department of Defense and the Prime Minister of Canada is strongly One of the most courageous chapters in officials to coordinate military participation hoped for. The President has requested American history was forged when the coun­ between the two countries. Two days later, three alternate dates for his appearance in try was 36 years young; a time of suffering­ the delegation returned to Erie with promise Erie, and the committee has been given growing pains caused by the need for ex­ of intensified Federal support and assistance indications that this meeting will receive panded territories. in developing a celebration of international every consideration. On the heels of the Colonies' Revolutionary scope. Joint United States-Canada partici­ The concluding event of the spectacular War victory, came swift awareness that the pation will be realized mainly through cul­ year will be a pyrotechnic reenactment of real fight for independence was yet to be tural and miUtary programs. Appropriately the Battle of Lake Erie. This unusual fire­ resolved. Smarting under the insults and enough, the opening day of the Perry Sesqui­ works display will be produced aboard barges conspiracies against their young Nation centennial will also see the maiden voyage of afioat in Misery Bay. from the continent, a group of young legis­ a ferry boat between Erle and Port Dover, It is the intention of the Perry Sesqui­ lators known as the War Hawks convinced Ontario. centennial Committee to make this commem­ President Madison to declare a state of war The Perry Sesquicentennial celebration orative celebration one long to be remem­ between the United States and the United will be the Nation's largest ln 1968-ln terms bered throughout the United States. The Kingdom. One June 18, 1812, the House and of scope, program, duration, and pUrpoM. place to be in 1963 is Brie. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE. 9621 PRESESQUICENTENNIAL PROGRAM (MAY 1-28)

Date Time Event Lo<>atlon l\.1ay 1-5 ___ ------Fraternal social clubs bowling tournament_------May 4_------­ Erepa Grotto'' Big Sing" ____ ------Gannon Auditorium. May 5------Bridge tournament------Bridge-0-Ree, 2007West12th. Dog show, all-breed sanction match and obedience trial.------­ Marine Armory, 2001West12th. May IQ_ ------:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Wesleyville PTA festival------Hamot Hospital. May 16_------AmericanNurses assembly Legion __ Auxiliary ------11, card party and styles ______May 17 __ ------:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: High school golf------Downing. Tech Memorial. May 17-18 __ ------­ SamErie civicSnead ballet------golL ______• ______------______May 22- -- _------7 p.m_ ------­ FolkGarden dancers, mart _ _2-hour______show,______children of St. Mary's------__ __ ------______Gannon Auditorium. May 24_ ------Central Mall. 12 ID------­ Tribute to Perry Sesquicentennial __ ------­ May 24-26------Wayne District Sesquicentennial Camporee __ ------­ National Secretaries' Association convention------Holiday Inn. May 25-30 •• ------:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Wesleyville American Legion spring carnivaL ______Firemen's Field, Bu:ffalo Rd. May p.m------Band concert by Marching Angels Drum and Bugle Corps from Perry Sq. 29------3 Sarnia, Ontario. 3:30 p.ID------Opening ceremonies (official opening of Perry Sq. Village). General Do. chairman, Sumner H. Nichols; Mayor Charles B. Williamson; Gov. William W. Scranton; Jack Paar. Dignitaries motorcade to Dobbins Landing, thence to Niagara ______4:304 p.m·--- p.m. ______------_ North on State St. and return. 5:30 p.m ______Erie Cltib. 6 p.m ______gr;H~~r;~ ~~~J!1°~5em.wy-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Do. 6:30 p.m ______Predinner program, honored guests_------Gannon Dining Hall. 8 p.m ______Dinner------Do. Do. 8:30 p.m ______DignitariesAfter-dinner motorcade program; speaker,to Aca-Oemy Jack Stadium Paar_------______------_ 8:45 p.m ______9 p.m ______Presentation of honored guests_------­ Academy Stadium. Prespectacle queen coronation, Miss Perry Sesquicentennial, is pre- Do. sented by Jack Paar; crowned by Gov. William Scranton. 9:15 p.m· ------~ ------Premiere performance of "From These Shores," dramatic outdoor Do. historical spectacle. Cast of 800 presents living history. 11All p.m_ day ______------_ Gov. William W. Scranton turns on lights of Perry Monument______Dobbins Landing. Sesquicentennial Gay-Way amusement rides ______Perry Sq.

PROGRAM OPENING SESQUICENTENNIAL (MAY 29-JUNE 2)

May 29 to Junes_------All day ______Sesquicentennial Gay- Way amusement rides ______Perry Square. Sesquicentennial eve dance,1. Knights of St. John members ______~:~ ~: :::::::::::::::::::::: ·io-&.iii::::::::::::::::::::::: Parade, 6th and Cherry to r::;tate; south on State to stadium; memorial services in stadium. 8:30 p.m_ ------Prespectacle performance ___ ------_------Academy Stadium. 9 p.m. ------2d performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor historical Do. drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. 2 p.m------Pennsylvania Nurses' Association ______Masonic Temple. 4 p.m------­ Tea ___ •• ------Do. May 31. --·------·----- 8:30 p.m. ------Prespectacle performance, choristers of the Danish Club_------.Academy Stadium. 9 p.m ______3tl performance "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor historical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks display reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______All day ------9 p.m------Captains mast, Kangaroo Kourt.·------­ Pioneer Village. (Probable) city track meet------­ Academy Stadium. June i_ _ ------i-ii~Di::::::::::::::::::::::: Historical tours, Wednesdays and Saturdays 1to4. Leave sesquicen- tennial headquarters. Tour will include customshouse, Niagara, Perry Memorial House, Anthony Wayne Blockhouse, lighthouse, Perry Monument on peninsula. Lecturing guide abroad, 3 hours. Termi­ nate Pioneer Village. Information, call headquarters, 723 State St., GL 3-0061. High school tennis ______------Erie Tennis Club. All-nations folk dance------Waldameer. Oil City-Franklin DaY------_------·s:oo'P.m::::::::::::::::::::: Prespectacle performancei_Junior Philharmonic Orchestra______Academy Stadium. 9 p.m.------4th performan~ "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor histor- ical drama. vast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fire­ works reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. June 2------·------All day_------­ Old Fashion Day __ ------Garden Heights Baptist Church. June 2-30------2 Erie artists-Exhibits Joseph Iacovetta and Ken Koplin, all month, Opening day tea, 2:30 to 4:30 __ ------Art Cente!j 338 West 6th. June 5------8:30 p,m ______Prespectacle performanre, North Star Swedish Dancers, Poll<>h Na Academy r::;tadium. tional Alliance Dancers. 5th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor historical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake 6:30 p,m ______Erie. Erie Raring Pi~eon Club------­ West Erie Plaza. June 9:30 am. to 4 p.m. ------Thursday, Junior League of Erie Historiral Home Pilgrimage. Leave 6------.------Erie Club, 501 Peach St. Tickets $3;indudes ticket, 1813 box lunch, brochure, and tour Rid. Scenic 1ous, capacity, 40; tickets at head­ 8:30 p.m ______quarters or Mrs. David J_,und, GI 1-7885. 9 p.m ______Prespectacle perforn1ance Children of St. Mary Folk Dancers ______Academy Stadium. 6t.h performance, "From These ShOf'es." Spectacular outdoor his­ torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. June 7------8:30 p,m______Prespectacle performance, the Merry Measures Ladies Chorus, Brook­ Do. sido Folksters. 9 p.m. ___ ------7th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his­ torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. 9 p.m______Sesqui Costume Day throughout countY------­ Captain's Mast-Kangaroo Kourt------Pioneer Village. Hammermill Day, sailors versus Batavia______.Ainsworth Field. Corry-Union City Day------June 8------.. ------Flowertime ball, orchestra of Maynard Ferguson ______9:30 a.m ______Rainbow Gardens. SR North American boat trip to Canada, arrive Port Burwell at 12:30, 3-hour stay; return to Erie by 6 p.m. 9 to 5 p.m______Parochial grade school track and swimming championship ______Tech Memorial. 1 p.m·------Historical tour; bus leaves sesquicentennial headquarters, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village. · 8:30 p.m·------Prespectacle performance Symphonic Singers of Obed L. Orender_ ___ _ Academy Stadium. 9 p.m·------8th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his­ torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. • Erie open sailboat;. races, Bantam, Snipe, Thistle______June 8-9------.10 a.m. to 2 p.m. ______Rough-N-Ready Rodeo ______Star ·Erle Yacht Olub.

CIX-606 9622 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD - HOUSE May 28 ALL NATIONS WEEK {JUNE 9-15)

Date Time Event Location

June 9------10 ______AfterAfternoon 5 p.m ______------______Latin America fiesta. ______------__ ------Perry Square. Greek Assumption Orthodox Church, group sale or pastries; arts and Do. crafts in costume. June 11------6:30 p.m ______Erie County Historical Society, spring meeting; speaker, Dr. Ray- June 12 ______1 p.m ______mond Bell. Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters. After 4 p.m ______Swedish dance group, folk dancers; pastry sale in costume ______Perry Square. June 13 ______---- __ ------Polish National Alliance, folk dancing, bake sale, arts and crafts in Do. costume. June 14------10 a.m. to 9 p.m ______Rose show __ ------Boston Store. All day ______Sesquicentennial Costume DaY------Evening __ ------Zem Zem German Band, tentative German bake sale ______Perry Square. 8 p.m ______Captains Mast __ _------_------______8:15 p.m ______Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. June 15 ______9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. ______Civil Air Patrol, variety show------Strong Vincent Auditorium. 1 p.m ______SS North American, boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Ukranian group, food sale, arts and crafts------­ Perry Square. Reenactment of a supply wagon trek from Pittsburgh to Erie. Arrive at Erie June 22. Stops at Butler, Grove City, Franklin, Oil City, Titusville Meadville, Waterford. Ceremonies at each community. June 15 to Sept.10 ______------Art exhibit by Erie trained artists who have received national recogni­ Public library. tion.

OUTDOOR WEEK (JUNE 16-23)

June 16-22------Outdoor Writers Association, expect 1,500 ______Beachcomber. June 16------·- 9 a.m. to 6 p.m ______Erie Kennel Club dog show, 57th annual all breed dog show and obedience trial. June 19 ______1 p.m ______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______June 19-27 ______------High school baseball playoffs ______~:!~:~~,\~Cf:.tennial headquarters. June 20------6:30 p.m______Women's Council of Erie Real Estate, dinner dance ______Kahkwa Club. Shrine circus, afternoon and evening ______June 20-22 .•------__ ------6 p.m ______------_ Academy Stadium. St. Benedict's festival, games, lunch, etc·------June 21-22 ______------29th Legion District Convention------Girard, Pa. June 21. •••• ------All day.------Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______Captain's Mast._------______------__ ------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. June 21-23______~R-~ai::::::::::::::::::::: Scuba diving, Blue Dolphin Skin Divers dive for relics and treasures __ Misery Bay. June 22------__ ------Arrival of sesquicentennial wagon caravan.------9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m ______SS No~th American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canad.al and return ____ _ 1 p.m. ------Histoncal tour, 3-hour tour, tenninates at Pioneer Vil age ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. June 23------10 a.m. and 1 p,m ______4-H "open" horse show------Fairview, Pa. Doubleheader baseball game, Cleveland versus Chicago ______Cleveland, Ohio.

COAST GUARD WEEK (JUNE 24-30)

June 24 to Aug. 23 ______------Playground------Booker T. Washington Center, 16th and German. June 26 ______------Children's Day _____ ------____ ------______------___ _ Walde.moor. 1 p.m------Historical tour, 3 hours-terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters. Our Lady of Peace summer festivaL------2401West38th. J une 27-30 •••• _____ ----____ • _- • ------Sesquicentennial Costume Day, throughout county______June 28 •••••• ------9All p,m day ______Captain's Mast-.·-----______------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. June 29------9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return __ 1 p.m ______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters. Harmony Fair, square dancing, games, barbecue, etc______Waldameer.

AIR FORCE WEEK (JULY 1-7)

July 1-12 _____ ------· ---___ ---_ ------. ------• ------Waterworks cabin on peninsula. July 2•• ______----_--- • ------f;!~~ -~~=-~~~---==::::::::: :: :: : : : : : : : :: :: :: :: : : ::: :: : : : : : : :: :: : : : : Waldameer. Street dance __ ------Columbus. July 3------1 p.m.------Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters. 8:30 p.m••• ------Prespectacle performance ___ ------__ ------__ _ Academy Stadium. 9 p.m••• ------9th performan~ "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor histori- cal drama. lJast of 800 presents living history, climaxed by a fire­ works reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. July 3-6 ____ ------St. Jude's sesquicentennial festivaL------School grounds, ~ mile east of penin­ G lenwood baseball ______• ______sula. July 4__ ------· s;ao1>.Ili::::::::::::::::::::: Prespectacle performance, Longs School of Dance ______Academy Stadium. 9 p.m. _------10th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his- torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Boys' baseball all-star game.------Niagara Field, 41st and Old FrenchRd. July 4-7.• ------• ------50th Annual Convention of Polish Baptists, United States and Canada_ Track and field event (by Polish Falcons) ______Academy Stadium. ~~1~ t~::::::::::::::::::::::: -s;ao1>.Ili::::::::::::::::::::: Prespectacle performance, Commodore Perry Barber Shop Quartet, Do. 40men. 9 p.m.•• ------11th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his­ Do. torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. All day ___ ------Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county ______9 p.m. _------Captain's Mast ______------______Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. July 6------9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ 1 p.m______Historical tour, 3 hours-terminates at Pioneer Village __ ------Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters.

TITUSVILLE DAY (JULY 6)

July 6------8:30 p.m., 9 p.m ______Prespectacle performance. 12th performance, "From These Shores." Academy Stadium. Spectacular outdoor historical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. July 7-31-•••••••-'------Contemporary exhibits, all month, opening day tea, 2:30 to 4:30 p.m__ Art Center, 338 West 6th. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9623 ARMY WEEK (JULY 8-14)

Date Time Event Location

i July 8-14 ______------Erie Sailors Baseball Week, oalled Perry Sesquicentennial Week ______Ainsworth Field. Dance. - _____ ------Waldameer. Pennsylvania School Food Service Association ______Lawrence & Gannon. Historical tour, 3-hour tour, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. ~*~ !t~~==::::::::::::::::::: -!~~!~~~~;~~;-;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Prespectacle performance, Osiecki Brothers Accordion Band------Academy Stadium. 9 p.m ______13th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his- Do. torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment 01 the Battle of Lake Erie. July 11-.------2 p.m. _------St. Vincent's annual garden partY------­ Rainbow Gardens. 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m ______Thursday, Junior League of Erie Historical Home Pilgrimage. Leave Erie Club, 504 Peach St. Tickets $3; includes 1813 box lunch, ticket, brochure, and tour aid. Scenic bus; capacity, 40. Tickets at ses­ quicentennial headquarters or Mrs. David Lund, GL 4-7885. 8:30 p.m ______Prespectacle performance. 14th performance, "From These Shores." Academy Stadium. Spectacular outdoor historical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______July 12 ______------~~.~-~~-:::::::::::::::::::: Captain's Mast._------___ ------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. 1uly 12-14------7 to 11 p.m______Holy Trinity parish festivaL------­ Old fashion bargain days------Prespectacle performance. ______------~------Academy Stadium. ~~~ ~t~~::::::::::::::::::::: T~~~~~::~:::::::::::::::::: 15th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his- Do. torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of" The Battle of Lake Erie." July 13------1:309:30 a.m.p.m______to 6p.m ______SS North American boat trip to Canada (Port Burwell) and return ___ _ Soap Box Derby __ ------1 p.m ______Italian Week Celebration Dance·------Waldameer. Historical tour, 3 hours-terminates Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters.

MEADVILLE DAY (JULY 13)

.:Tuly 13------8:30 p.m·------Prespectacle performance, Goya Gre.ek Dancers, Our Lady of Peace Academy Stadium• Dancers. 9 p.m __ ------16th performance, "From These Shores." Spectacular outdoor his­ torical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. July 14-17 ______------Veterans of World War I department convention-July 13 spectacle for veterans-Sightseeing bus, fishing on Lake Erie. July 14------11 p.m. to 5 p.m ______Villa Maria College alumni lawn social and baby contest ______

MARINE WEEK (JULY 15-21)

July 15-21. __ ------Perry Sesquicentennial tennis tournament------Erie Tennis Club, 5201 Zuck Rd. -----~------Dance (tentative) ______----______------___ ----_ Waldameer. i~~ ~t-_::::::::::::::::::::: Tp~m::::::::::::::::::::::: Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leaves sesquicentennial headquarters. July 19 •• _ ------8 p.m•• ------Scottish games, Canadian-United States Pipe and Drum Corps com- Academy Stadium. petition. All day ______Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______9 p.m ______Captain's Mast_------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. 1uly H~-21. ___ ------2 p.m•• ------Arrival of Canadian vessel H.M.C.S. Nootka (DDE-213) at port of Erie; Canadian Navy vessel to remain in Erie through July 21; depart 2 p.m. July 20. ------1:30 p.m. and 8 p,m ______Scottish games (advance sale of evening tickets after June 1) ______Academy Stadium. 9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. ------SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ 1 p.m.------Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. 910 p,m ______Military parade. __ ------­ a.m.------Waldameer. MilitarySkeet shoot_ ball ______.• _------_ July 21------Erie Skeet Club. Italian Week picnic.------______------_------9 a.m. to 6 p.m______Radio Control Club of Erie model airplanes·------Fairview Airport. State Pharmaceutical Association State convention ______1uly 21-24. ------

NAVY WEEK (JULY 22-28)

July 23 ______------______----__ ------_ Street dance. ____ ------____ ------______-----______16th and Holland. Waldameer. July 24 ______-i-p~iii::::::::::::::=:::::::: ~::1~1-tC>Ui;3-iiolirs~-£eim.-ill-aiesai-Pioiiiiivill3ge::::: ::===== ::::: Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Jululyy 25-_'n__ -_-_-_-_--_- __--_-_-_-_- __--_-_-_-_-_-_-_ ---.. -- -p-.m~==---_-_-__-_--_ -_ -_-_-_-_-_-__--_ ---- SesquicentennialMcKean Hose Company ______bazaar ___ ------______J 26 7 30 Academy Stadium. J"uly 27------1 p.m. _------Erie annual benefit horse show ______Do. 7:30 p,m______Royal Canadian Mounted Police------Do. 1 J"uly 28------7.30_p.m p.m ______}variety of exhibition (musical rides at performance-all 5)------Do. All day.------Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______9 p.m. _------Captain's mast------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. July 27------9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell and return ______1 p,m______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters.

SPACE AGE WEEK (JULY 29 TO AUG. 4)

July to Aug. 4------NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), exhibits 28 and displays throughout week at Gannon and Playhouse. July 30 ___ ------Dance·------Waldameer. July 3L------1 p.m ______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. July 31 to Aug. 3------Perry highway bazaar·------­ Aug. l ___ ------Polish DaY------Waldameer. Aug. 2. ------All daY------Perry Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______9 p,m __ ------Captain's Mast. ______------_____ -----______------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. Aug. 3------9:30 a.m. to 6 p,m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ 1 p.m __ ------­ InternationalHistorical tour, picnic 3 hours, ______terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Aug. 4. __ ------­ St. Barnabas, East Lake Rd. Aug. 4.-31. _. ------Erle landscape exhibits, all month, opening day tea, 2:30 to 4:30 p.m__ _ Art Center, 338 West 6th. 9624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 LADIES' WEEK (AUG. 4-10)

Date Time Event Location

Aug. 6_ ------­ Dance_ ------Waldameer. ------­ Street dance------41st and Sunset." Aug. 1------1p.m------Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. 8:30 p.m ___ ------Prespectacle performance, Church of the Covenant, handbell choir__ __ Academy Stadium. 9 p.m __ ------17th performance, "From These Shores,'' spectacular outdoor histor- ical drama. Cast of 800 presents living history clim.axed by a fire­ works reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Aug. 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m·------.- Thursday-Junior League of Erie historical home pilgrimage. Leave 8------Erie Club, 504 Peach St., tickets $3; includes 1813 box lunch, ticket, brochure, and tour aid. Scenic bus capacity, 40. Tickets at sesqui­ centennial headquarters or Mrs. David Lund, G L 4-7885. 8:30 p.m ______Prespectacle performance, Church of the Covenant, handbell choir____ Do. 9 p.m-. ------18th performance, "From These Shores," spectacular outdoor histori- Do. cal drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fire- works reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______Aug. 9. ------All9 p.m day______------______Captain's Mast.------Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. 8:30 p.m ______Prespectacle performance, Siebenburger Singing Society and Booker T. Academy Stadium. Washington. 9 p.m ______19th performance, "From These Shores," spectacular outdoor historical Do. drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the. Battle of Lake erie. Aug.10------19:30 p.m a.m. ______to 6 p.m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Sesquicentennial beard contest; final judging of Commodores of the Brush. Career girls luncheon______------_____ ------______------Lawrence. 8:30 p.m______Ashtabula-Conneaut Day 9 p,m ______Prespectacle performance Rocking Squares______Academy Stadium. 20th performance, "From These Shores," spectacular outdoor historical Do. drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Aug. 11_ ------Polish Day______-----____ ------____ ------___ ~- ______Waldameer.

INDUSTRY WEEK (AUG. 12-18)

Ang. 13_ ------­ Dance ______------. ------Waldameer. Aug. 14------1 p.m------Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Chestnut Pool swimming meet------­ 8:30 p.m. ___ ------Prespectacle performance, Osiecki Brothers Accordion Band __ ------Academy Stadium. 9 p.m ______21st performance, "From These Shores," spectacular outdoor historical Do. . drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. · Prespectacle performance, St. Benedicts Folklanders ______Aug. 15_ ------8:309 p.m p.m. ______------_ Do. 22d performance, "From These Shores," spectacular outdoor historical Do. drama. Cast of 800 presents living history climaxed by a fireworks reenactment of the Battle of Lake Erie. Aug. lL.------.------Aff

PIONEER AND HOMECOMING WEEK (AUG. 19-25)

======I == =:: == = = =:: =: =::: :: =: =:: == =: ======Waldameer. Aug.!~~: 21------~~::===== --- u.m------Historical§~~:~~~ tour,- ~~-1:_t_~~~~~~~---:= 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Aug. 23------~ ------9 p.!"_~----======~e:i:::~tt:X:f!_~~~~~~-Y_ _t~~~~~~-~~~ -~~~~-:=~======~~~ == Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. Aug. 24------9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m--- ~------SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ 1 p.m ______Historical tour, 3 hours, terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Aug. 24-25. ______======~:ilo?~t~a~g~f;~~~~s _t_~l-~~~~-t} :======i~~~i~a~t 8i~t~t Rds. Aug. 2S-3L. __ ------__ City tennis tournament.. ______Aug. 27 __ ------____ _ Dance ______----_------Waldameer. AAuugg .. 28-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ All1p.mDa·y--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ Historical tour, 3 hours-terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarter . 30 Sesquicentennial Costume Day throughout county______9 p.m. ------______Captain's Mast. ______------______------______Kangaroo Kourt, Pioneer Village. Aug. 3L ______9:30 a.m ______SS North American boat trip to Port Burwell, Canada, and return ___ _ 6 p.m ______1 p.m ______Historical tour, 3 hours- terminates at Pioneer Village ______Leave sesquicentennial headquarters. Saturdays and Sundays ____ _ Erie men's and Erie women's golf, 5 Erie courses ______Sept. 2. ------_____ ----______------_ All-star football game_------_____ ------______------__ ------___ _ Academy Stadium. Sept. 7-8------8:30 p.m. ------World premier of a symphony by Louis Menninni, Erie Philharmonic Tech Memorial Auditorium. Orchestra, James Sample, music director, (black tie). Tickets $3.50, $2.50, $1. 1020 Baldwin Bldg., or 723 State. Sept. 9-11 ______11 a.m. to 10 p.m____ : ______YWCA antiques show_------­ Sept. 10_ ------The Battle of Lake Erie reenactment Presque Isle Peninsula shore points. The Rogers Co. uses professionally designed fireworks treatment . .Will .portray battle. Scenes will be mounted on barges afloat in the lake ______------

THE WHEAT REFERENDUM The SPEAKER. Is there objection endum was no better than Kennedy in­ to the request of the gentleman from telligence on the Communist buildup Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Illinois? last year in Cuba. unanimous consent to address the House There was no objection. According to a national magazine, for 1 minute and to revise and extend Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, Ken­ President Kennedy called Agriculture my remarks. nedy intelligence on the wheat refer- Secretary Freeman after the wheat 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9625 votes were in and asked coldly, "What Philadelphia wants industry to believe weapons system. I was anxious to learn happened?" there are still no drawings for it. where the main subcontractors were lo­ Secretary Freeman's reported reply, Mr. Speaker, there are drawings for cated. These are the reasons I inquired "I don't know." the AN/ASM 61. They were bought and of company officials for this information. Obviously, Mr. Kennedy and Mr. paid for. They must be placed out in the If subsequently any inquiries were made Freeman had both expected an affirma­ open for industry to see and this pro­ of such subcontractors concerning the tive vote. Certainly they did not ex­ curement must be placed on a competi­ districts in which they were located, I pect the overwhelming "no" vote on the tive basis. The opening date for this feel sure this was done in response to my mandatory bushel-acre control scheme. proposal is June 10. In the interests of request. I see absolutely nothing im­ They and their top advisers were economy that date should be set back at proper about it. There was certainly duped by their own massive propaganda. least a month, competition should be nothing sinister about it. They used the hard sell on farmers to induced and this Congress should in­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the such an extent they sold themselves a vestigate and demand a full explana­ gentleman yield? niyth. tion of such conduct by Army procure­ Mr. WRIGHT. I will if I have time ment officials. remaining. Mr. GROSS. Why did not the gentle­ THE MONMOUTH MESS man do the writing? Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Speak­ COMMITTEE ON RULES The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- er, I ask unanimous consent to address Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, by direction tleman from Texas has expired. · the House for 1 minute and to revise and of the Committee on Rules, I ask unani­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask extend my remarks. mous consent that the committee may unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection have until midnight tonight to file cer­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend to the request of the gentleman from tain privileged reports. my remarks. Indiana? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Cali­ to the request of the gentleman from Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Speak­ fornia? Iowa? er, the "Monmouth mess" is still not There was no objection. There was no objection. solved. A procurement is underway Mr. GROSS. May I ask the gentle­ at the Army Electronics Materiel Agency GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP. man why he did not write and send the that is a farce, a fake, and a sham. Un­ letters? less it is stopped and unless the procure­ Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask ment is forced out into the open, the unanimous consent to address the House Mr. WRIGHT. The reason for that is taxpayer is going to have his throat that I did not know the identity of the for 1 minute and to revise and extend my subcontractors. cut just a little more. The procurement remarks. of which I speak is so typical of many. The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. GROSS. You could have gotten The Army says it has no plans for in­ to the request of the gentleman from them from the company, could you not, dustry to use in bidding, but I will prove Texas? if they -were willing to accede to your here today that it does have plans and There was no objection. wishes? should cancel its present proposal. Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, on yes­ Mr. WRIGHT. If the gentleman will Mr. Speaker, the Army Electronics terday the gentleman from Iowa in a perm'it, I think I can answer the question Materiel Agency issued a request for special order stated that the General more fully. I did not know the identity proposal on May 21, 1963. It is for a Dynamics company in Fort Worth had of the subcontractors. Presumably I gyromagnetic compass test set called written some letters to certain subcon­ could have gotten some names and ad­ the AN/ASM61. There are plans to buy tractors asking in what congressional dresses from the company, unless that up to 240 of these sets. districts they were located. He seemed information should happen to be of a Only Winslow Electronics, Inc., As­ to feel that there might be some· undis­ privileged nature. I would be glad to bw·y Park, N.J., a previous builder of this closed impropriety in such an inquiry write such people, although of course I equipment has been asked to bid this and asked to know how and why such a do not have the time in my office nor time. As a matter of fact the Army thing could happen. the manpower to devote to writing to an goes even further to state that plans or There is nothing sinister or diabolical extremely long list. I did not know drawings relating to this procurement about this, if it did happen. It seems a whether many of the subcontractors had are either not available or are insuffi­ matter of relative unimportance. Surely been selected or not. I asked them if cient to provide all necessary manufac­ it would be within the right of anyone to they could identify to me some of the turing and construction details. ask such a question of another. But in larger subcontractors, because I thoug·ht Mr. Speaker, this document came into order that the gentleman may be in­ it would be a matter of interest to the my office as a result of information fur­ formed, I personally asked officials of Members of Congress that firms in their nished me through the courtesy of the this company to identify for me the con­ districts had the privilege of playing a Defense Appropriations Subcommittee gressional districts in which some of part in such a vital national defense and also as a result of work dorie by their major subcontractors were located. weapons system. The gentleman may the House Government Operations Com­ If any such inquiries were made, they recall, as I am sw·e others on the ftoor mittee's Subcommittee on Freedom of probably were made in response to this will now recall, that about 2 years ago Information. I received it early this request of mine. I made the request I did write to them and explain to them week and immediately contacted Army for two reasons: First, in order that I for their interest the part that some of Liaison in the Pentagon where Colonel may have a picture of the geographical their important firms were playing in Sage assured me of fast action. I asked scope of these contracts. another weapons system program that for copies of past contracts for this Some of the Members may recall that was under the general direction of this equipment. Frankly, I wanted to know about 2 or 3 years ago I wrote to a num­ same company. If there were a big new if there are drawings. ber of them explaining to them the part national weapons system contributing to You will be shocked to learn, as I was, which certain companies in their respec­ the defense of ow· country and there that on page 2 of contract No. DA 36- tive districts were playing in another were subcontractors in my district, I 039-SC-88261, signed June 28, 1961, major weapons system, the B-58. It was would like to know about it. I would there is an item that requires delivery amazing to me to discover at that time appreciate one of my colleagues inform­ of manufacturing drawings for this that the first tier subcontractors, num­ ing· me about it. I see nothing wrong equipment. The price paid for what are bering more than 4,000, on that com­ with that. I think it was a service to termed "a complete set of manufacturer's plete weapons system, were located in my colleagues. It seems to me that folks drawings" was $1,000. You will also be 40 different States. are pretty hard up for something to interested to learn that this test set is Secondly, in order that I might, as· I complain about to find fault with it. It the former TS-1086 test set that dates did at that time, advise my colleagues seems innocent enough to me. I do not all the way back to 1952. of the part that some of their companies apologize for it. . Think of it. Equipment that is 11 in their respective areas and districts Mr. GROSS. No one is asking you to years old and some · paper shufiler in were playing in this all-important new apologize for whatever you do, but I 9626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 think it is entirely beyond reason that I told the general that I fully realized continue to be preoccupied with matters of General Dynamics asks for the congres­ what we were up against but that we had special interest to their own countries, with­ sional districts in which the suppliers no choice but to keep on trying, no matter out regard to the larger interest of all na­ how it tried our patience and our energies­ tions and the whole world. More and more and the subcontractors are located. that we had to find some way to overcome the United Nations is being used as a forum I repeat and reemphasize what I said the barrier and do everything possible to pre­ for propaganda, instead of the world plat;.. yesterday, that General Dynamics, in vent a world war III. This is how I felt about form for the preservation of peace, for which sending out questionnaires to suppliers it then, and how I feel about it now. it was established. Some of the delegates to and subcontractors, should be interested These Communist operations are being the United Nations talk and act like me­ only in whether they could supply a managed by hard-core professionals. They chanical men, mouthing the recordings of quality product at a reasonable price. are crafty organizers-and h ighly skilled their governments, which impress the rest of propagandists in the field of exploiting hu­ us as senseless and futile. They breed and And it seems to me that the "folks" at man misery. They find no market in the spread confusion. They tend to incite con­ General Dynamics are hard up for po­ United States. We don't buy crooks--the Washington Post, May 26, 1963] . let it run its course? the ideas that their government drills into WE MUST FIGHT THE RED LINE HARDER That we cannot do. We must meet the them. Such patent falsehoods can only pro­ (By Harry S. Truman) 11ituation with which we are facec\. We must duce anxieties and fears in the Russian peo­ try to give the world our viewpoint in simple INDEPENDENCE, Mo., May 25.-It has been ple who had suffered enormous sacrifices in language that all can understand. It can be millions of dead and casualties in the last apparent for a long time that we are not do­ done and we must do it. ing well in our farfiung operations to reach war. And one wonders, to what purpose a:i:e the minds of the people in the Communist­ OUR OWN REVOLUTION they still being tormented by the war-scare occupied countries. We are even having our Here is one important part of our past his­ propaganda being put out by the men in the share of troubles in convincing certain ele­ tory that should not be too hard for others Kremlin? But dictatorships are like that-­ ments among our close neighbors. We have to understand. When our Declaration of they thrive on fear and it has been thus been at this business of trying to make our­ Independence and the Constitution were throughout history. selves understood and believed since the written they were revolutionary documents. When the Russian people are reared on end of World War II. We must not deceive But they were revolutionary in a very un­ that kind of diabolical lunacy, how can we ourselves-we have made very little headway. usual sense. Many revolutions are simply hope to achieve any kind of progress in the We have not communicated in any appre­ a resort to force and violence to impose a important area of putting an end to the ciable measure our concept of human so­ new despotism upon the people. But our armament race and our hope of eventual ciety-what we stand for-and why we are declaration and revolution were for a very disarmament? The men in the Kremlin irrevocably dedicated to the principle that different purpose--their chief aim was to cannot be too serious in wanting an end to all men are entitled to their freedom, and make despotism impossible. the arms race. If they were acting in good equality of opportunity for a decent life. We are fortunate in having a flexible, faith there would be an end to the arms race. Now, I am not too concerned about those adaptable and forward-looking Constitution In our past we had quite a few experiences governments who are fence sitters by choice. to guide .us and to protect us. It is a most with witeh hunts. There were times when They are the "neutralists" who regard them­ remarkable document, for it not only profited even the Government itself had fallen vic­ selves above the contest. They, I suspect, are from t:qe experience of the past--but it bril­ tim to hysteria and taken repressive meas­ deferring their decision until they are sure liantly anticipated the future. Our Consti­ ures against freedom of the press, freedom of the final outcome. tution is not just a matter of containing the of speech and assembly. The Catholic and What is it that we are saying to the captive right words. There are other constitutions Jewish religions and their people were slan­ people that is wrong? Or what is it that we that may read as well as ours. For example, dered and shamefully abused. are doing and saying that is not quite right? the Constitution of the Soviet Union con­ There were also the "know-nothings," Whatever is the case-it is apparent that we tains some strong, eloquent, and meaningful anti-Catholic, anti-Masonic, the alien and are not getting through to the Communist­ words and phrases, which proclaim that So­ .Sedition laws, the Ku Klux Klan, and other infested areas and their self-styled neu­ viet citizens are guaranteed freedom of movements that flared up and then faded tralists. in the light of free exposure. Some may re­ speech, freedom of press, and freedom of call the A. Mitchell Palmer raids as more ·re­ MARSHALL'S DISILLUSIONMENT assembly, guarantee .of equality, freedom of cent examples of hysteria. We deplore and Indeed, I well recall the discouraging re­ religion, the right to work, rest, and leisure. are outraged by such primitive behavior, but port I received from Gen. George Marshall on I wonder what would happen to the average t]1e point we shall remember ls that we never his return from his conferences in Europe Soviet citizen who tried to exercise some of ~aq._ go_od reason to fear 1!hem. when he was appointed Secretary of State. these rights. But citizens in other parts of His visits include a stop in Moscow. He con­ the world "1ive under illusions which cannot HISTORICAL. THROWBACK cluded his report with these words: stand the llght 9f ·q.ay. · Then, too. we · are· currently experiencing "Mr. President, what are we going·to. do? renewed disturbances in certain ar-eas of our What can we do? They simply don't and U.N. "OPR BEST HOPE" Nation on the question of .civil rights. Strife won't believe us-nothing I said made the I sometimes get the feeling, on one of in this field of human relations is a throw­ slightest difference or impression on them." my walks, that governments by and large back to the period in our history which we 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9627 like to think is well behind us. But, some So today, during his gi·eat personal debate in the event the House is in ses­ politicians, bigots, zealots and demagogs crisis, I hope that this man who _has in­ sion. have always managed to stir up trouble. !g­ spired mankind will be able to share the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to norance, prejudices and fear are preventing the request of the gentleman from a solution from being evolved by mei:i of prayers of men of good faith of all re­ good will and good sense on both sides. ligions throughout the world. Illinois? If only the hotheads and the bullheads could There was no objection. have been knocked together, we woul~ have long ago put the civil rights iss~e with its THE 45TH ANNIVERSARY OF AR- ATTACKS ON AMERICANS FOR CON- basic constitutional guarantees in force­ MENIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY STITUTIONAL ACTION with the energies of the communi~Y . direct~d Mr. STAEBLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask toward improving the lot of all citizens ie­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order gardless of race, creed, or origin. unanimous consent to address the House There is no room for any kind of "apar­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend my of the House, the gentleman from Texas theid" in this country-and we have an ob­ remarks. [Mr. ALGER] is recognized for 60 minutes. ligation to provide the world with an ex­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ample of conduct that befits a leading power to the request of the gentleman from unanimous consent to revise and extend among the free nations. The course of free­ my remarks and include extraneous dom is damaged at home and abroad when Michigan? There was no objection. matter. a great country yields to hyster~a. . The SPEAKER. Is there objection In the last year of my administration I Mr. STAEBLER. Mr. Speaker, exactly to the request of the gentleman from had occasion to speak on commencement 45 years ago today, on May 28, 1918, the day to Howard University and I concluded Armenian nation rose up to create the Texas? with these remarks: . Independent Republic of Armenia. There was no objection. "There are those who have said that this Mr ALGER. Mr. Speaker, recently is America's century, but we want it to be After the defeat of the Kingdom of the Americans for Constitutional Action more than thatr-we want it to be 'human­ Little Armenia in 1375, the Armenian were attacked on the :floor of this House. ity's century.' If all the people of the world, people suffered uninterruptedly under I was not present. I have had the oppor­ including the people of the Soviet Union, the cruel regime of the Ottoman Em­ tunity to read what was said.• could know and appreciate this fact, lasting pire. However, even this period .of ~n­ Mr. Speaker, I suppose after being peace and universal justice would not be a mitigated servitude and dommat1on dream. They would be a reality.'' here 9 years I should not have been failed to crush the people's spirit and surprised or shocked at anything be­ We shall continue to hope and work !or their determination to fight for freedom that kind of a world. cause of course, in the good, hearty and a better future. debat~ and exchange of frank views one In 1915 taking advantage of the chaos can hear most anything, and on the :floor POPE JOHN XXIII of World' War I, the Turkish Govern­ of this House we are pretty well pro­ ment then in power decided to settle the tected, of course, even from irrespo?sible Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask "Armenian problem" once and forever unanimous consent to address the House statements. But today I would llke to by exterminating the entire Armenian present as I see it what the Americans for 1 minute and to revise and .extend my people. Once aware of Turkish inten­ remarks. . for Constitutional Action stand for and tions, the Armenian nation took up arms identify myself rather proudly with their The SPEAKER. Is there objection and defended itself in an heroic struggle to the request of the gentleman from principles. I believe their principles against overwhelming odds. pretty well speak for themselves. In Illinois? Their inspired resistance and eventual There was no objection. that vein, therefore, I would like to start victory had more than minor signifi­ by reading what the Americans for Con­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am cance to Americans. Armenia's forces sure the entire world is saddened and stitutional Action consider themselves to played a crucial role in blocking Turko­ be: deeply grieved by the great . person~l German attempts to gain control of the crisis which Pope John XXIII is experi­ Americans for Constitutional Action is a oil of the Baku fields of Asia Minor, nonpartisan, nonprofit, nationwide political encing. The medical reports from the which the Central Powers had hoped to Vatican do not seem at all hopeful. I action organization which is dedicated to supply to their armies on the European these theses: am sure that I speak for the vast number front. In addition, Armenia's spectacu­ First, that the Constitution of the United of my constituents; yes, I think I speak lar defeat of the Turkish army in May States as originally conceived provides a for all of the constituents in my district 1918, led to the establishment in Asia sound foundation upon which the structure in calling upon all men of good will of Minor, for the first time in history, of a of our free social order has been erected and, all religious faiths to join in prayer that stable, democratic government allied to second, if we are to preserve that social his Holiness m~y .be restored to his order in America it is imperative that we the West. protect its foundation against erosion or health. Unfortunately, 2 short years later, the has destruction. Mr. Speaker, Pope John brought independent Republic of Armenia fell To this end, ACA has undertaken to help to this world a unique and dedicated ap­ prey to the forces of Soviet imperialism. elect to the Senate and House of Represent­ proach to the solution of the problems We are paying tribute to this 45th an­ atives of the United States individuals who that have beset mankind. In his two niversary of' Armenian Independence by their actions have proved their allegiance most recent encyclicals he has certainly Day in order to remind the world of the to the original spirit t1,nd principles of the created an atmosphere in which men of Constitution. good will of all religious beliefs can work. heroism of the Armenian people, and to ACA believes that if a significant number more closely together. give hope to all those who are presently of such dedicated and determined-- Mr: Speaker, I believe that today there forced to bear the oppressive burden of Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- 'is greater understanding among the re­ Red tyranny. tleman yield? · ligions of the world and a greater un­ · I join with all Americans of Armenian Mr. ALGER. No, I do not yield at this derstanding than ever before simply be­ ancestry in observing the anniversary time. cause this very humble man has had the of Armenian Independence Day with the courage and the determination to s~t conviction that it will serve as a moment forth certain principles, recognizing the of inspiration for all peoples engaged in CALL OF THE HOUSE shortcomings of all of us as mortal beings the fierce fight for freedom throughout Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I make the and urging us to work together. the world. · point of order that a quorum is not Mr. Speaker, in the Pope's most recent present. Mr. ·ALGER. I thank the gentleman. encyclical in his great plea for the world AD HOC COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH to find a way of resolving its problems The SPEAKER. The Chair wi~l without the destruction of nuclear holo­ RETRIEVAL count. [After counting.] Evidently a caust, it is my opinion that he has won Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask quorum is not present. the love and admiration and respect of unanimous consent that the ad hoc Com­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a men of all religious faiths, and those of mittee on Research Retrfoval be permit­ call of the House. no religious faith. ted to sit this afternoon during general A call of the House was ordered. 9628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 The Clerk called the roll. and the fol­ glance to the original spirit and p.rlnciples 2. For sound money and against inflation lowing Members failed to answer to their of the .Constitution. (for a sound dollar and fiscal integrity; names: Many important and vocal elements against inflationary forces). [Roll No. 651 among our people have subscribed to the 8. For the private, competitive market and ·thesis enunciated by the prominent Swedish against government interference (for pro­ Abbitt Fulton, Tenn. Miller, Calif. socialists, Gunnar Myrdal, who was cited tecting the indivlduai's freedom of choice Andrews Fuqua Morton Aspinall Glenn Moss favorably by our Supreme Court, that "The and a competitive market; against govern­ Auchincloss Gonzalez Natcher Constitution of the United States is im­ ment price fixing and controls). Baker Grabowski Nedzi practical and unsuited to modern condi­ 4. For local self-government and against Barry Grant Nygaard tions." They have supported measures de­ central government intervention (for the Battin Gray O'Konski signed to weaken and nullify many of the citizen's right to be let alone; against na­ Becker Gubser Osmers Constitution's provisions. Unfortunately, tional government intervention in local Bennett, Mich. Hagen, Calif. Pepper BolUng Halpern Perkins their efforts have been successful, in part at government and private affairs). Bow Hanna Pilcher least. Their ends have been accomplished, 5. For private ownership and against gov­ 'Bray Hansen Powell first, by tortuous legislative, executive and ernment ownership (for private ownership Brock Harsha Purcell judicial interpretations of the "general wel­ and control of the means of production and Brotzman Hawkins Rains fare" and "commerce" clauses and the var­ distribution; against the unfair competition Brown, Calif. Healey Randall ious amendments of the Constitution; of government with private competitive en­ Burton Hebert Rivers, S.C. Second, by an ill-advised constitutional terprise) . Cahill Hechler Roberts, Ala. Cameron Hemphill Roberts, Tex. amendment (the 16th-the graduated In­ 6 . For individual liberty and against co­ Cannon Henderson Ryan, Mich. come Tax), which confers upon Congress ercion (for protecting individual rights and Chelf Hoffman St Germain the power to confiscate all of the income responsibilities; against coercion of individ­ Clancy Holifield Schadeberg from private property and all of the fruits uals through government sanctions). Collier Horan Schenck of the individual citizen's labor, without 7. National sovereignty (for strengthening Cooley Hosmer Scott limitation; national sovereignty). Daniels Hull Secrest Third, by judicial decisions of question­ Davis, Ga. Hutchinson Selden Mr. Speaker, my concern rests in the Davis, Tenn. Ichord Shelley able jurisdiction, rationalized by the so­ Dent Jarman Sheppard called new social doctrine: fact that I unabashedly am seeking to Denton Jones, Ala. Short Fourth, by abdication by Congress of its preserve three things, the most construc­ Derounian • Jones, Mo. Sibal constitutional authorities and responsibili­ tive theses I know, in order to maintain Devine Kee Smith, Calif. ties in favor of an all-powerful Chief Execu­ Diggs Kilgore Snyder the society which I inherited and which, Dorn King, N.Y. Stubblefield tive; and God willing, we will preserve and pass on Dowdy Kluczynski Taft Fifth, by bribery of the sovereign States to our children. These three concepts Downing Laird Tuck with "handouts" from the Federal Govern­ Dwyer Landrum Van Pelt ment which are financed by tax extortions are first, capitalism; the profit motive, Everett Lesinski Waggonner from the States' own citizens. Concurrent­ unapologetic, unashamedly a capitalist; Fallon Long, La. Wallhauser ly, the States are required to sanction an secondly, preserving the sovereignty of Farbstein McCulloch Walter Finnegan Mcintire Watts ever-increasing surrender of power to the the United States; and, thirdly, preserv­ Fisher McLoskey Wharton. Government centralized in Washington. ing the republic form of government. Flood McMillan White Therefore, necessarily, since I am for Flynt Macdonald Wilson, Bob Mr. Speaker, I continue from the pre­ Fogarty Martin, Mass. Wilson, amble of the Americans for Constitu­ capitalism, I am against socialism and, Forrester Martin, Nebr. Charles H. tional Action: because I am for U.S. sovereignty I am Fountain May against one-world government. Thirdly, Frellnghuysen Michel In evaluating the effectiveness of our Con­ stitution as a political instrument designed because I am for the Republic within a The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL­ to provide a "government of laws, not of democracy with checks and balances, I BERT). On this rollcall 303 Members men," it is pertinent to recall the statement am against government centralization have answered to their names, a quorum. of the great British Prime Minister, William and coercion-indeed, what I choose to By unanimous consent, further pro­ E. Gladstone, in 1878. He said "the Amer­ call the dictatorship, which I see fast ceedings under the call were dispensed ican Constitution is the most wonderful engulfing our country. Yes, I am ex­ with. work ever struck off at a given time by the treme; I am extremely constitutional in brain and purpose of man." my outlook and, while I may join with ATTACKS ON AMERICANS FOR With that lofty authority as to what my liberal friends on occasion, as they constitutes an ideal of the constitutional well know, on the floor of this House, I CONSTITUTIONAL ACTION outlook on government set forth by the am for these principles I have stated, Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I think it Americans for Constitutional Action, I and I shall be extremely sensitive when is well for the membership to realize that will take my stand. I shall now read the Constitution is in jeopardy. the point of order was called by the gen­ what the ACA-index endeavors to do: So, I am an extremist, even though tleman from Ohio [Mr. HAYS], and we The purpose of the ACA index ls to in­ I have not been tabbed one. I hope they remember that when the gentleman form the people of the United States with tab me, because that is what I am. from California made . his presentation respect to the probable effects of important Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the he refused to yield to a number of Re­ legislative measures on the preservation of gentleman yield? publicans who asked for recognition. the basic values of our Constitution and, Mr. ALGER. I will not yield and I No Republican at that time made the most importantly, the actual voting per­ formances of all Senators and Representa­ will state to the House- point of order that was made here to­ tives in support of or in opposition to those Mr. HAYS. If the gentleman refuses day. However, I repeat publicly, I thank measures. This gives the voters a basis for to yield, I make the point of order that the gentleman and I trust the member­ choosing those legislators whom they wish a quorum is not present. ship will find something of substance in to support. what I have to say . . I am endeavoring ACA believes that the basic values of the to present what the ACA stands for, and Constitution consist of, first, the concept CALL OF THE HOUSE I had virtually completed the principal of natural or God-given rights of the indi­ The SPEAKER p~o tempore. The points: vidual (individual liberty), second, a gov­ Chair will count. [After counting.] ernment with powers strictly limited by a Americans for Constitutional Action ls a Ninety-five Members are present, not a written Constitution and, third, a free, quorum. nonpartisan, nonprofit, nationwide political competitive market economy. action organization which is dedicated to Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I move a these theses: Now, Mr. Speaker, I shall read the call of the House. First, that the Constitution of the United seven indexes, one major and six subsidi­ A call of the House was ordered. States as originally conceived provides a ary, which are used as the guidelines The Clerk called the ·roll, and the fol­ sound foundation upon which the structure for the selection of the legislative votes lowing Members failed to answer to their of our free social order has been erected, and, in the bodies of Congress: second, if we are to preserve that social or­ names: der in America it is imperative that we 1. The ACA consistency index (for safe­ [Roll No. 56) protect its foundation ·against erosion or guarding the God-givep. dignity of the in­ Abbitt Battin Bray destruction. dividual and promoting sound economic Andrews .Becker Brock growth by strengthening constitutional gov­ Ashley Bennett, Mich. Brotzman To this end ACA has undertaken to help Aspinall Boggs C'ali!. ernment; agai~st "group morall_ty'' and a Brown, elect to the Senate and House of Representa- . A uchincloss Boland · Buckley tives of the United States individuals who, socialized economy through centralization of Ayres Bolling Burkhalter by their actions, have proved their alle- power). Barreti Bow Burton 1963. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9629 Byrne, Pa. Hawkins Nix like. I must assume that those who re­ The ADA World says this: Cahill Healey Nygaard spectfully, and with every right, disagree Celler Hebert O'Konski If ADA has had any short range liability, Chelf Hechler Osmers with the Members of the House who, like it has been its insistence on political in­ Clancy Hemphill Pepper myself, believe rather constitutionally in tegrity. Collier Henderson Perkins interpreting the legislation before us, I found that rather interesting, Cooley Hoffman Pilcher must assume that the liberals have their Daniels Holifield Powell Then the ADA World, in April 1950, own organizations, and I have observed Davis, Ga. Horan Purcell said: Davis, Tenn. Hull Rains for quite some time that the Americans Dent Hutchinson Randall for Democratic Action is a group that We favor ample economic aid to Yugoslavia. Denton Ichord Roberts, Ala. without political considerations. Derounian Jarman Roberts, Tex. primarily embodies those Members of Devine Joelson Ryan, Mich. this House and elsewhere who believe in These are some of the things for which Diggs Jones, Mo. St. George Dorn Kee St Germain the libral construction of the Constitu­ the ADA stands. If one analyzes the Dowdy Keogh Schenck tion and of legislation confronting us. liberal movement, and as implicit in the Downing Kilburn Scott Having presented the background of ADA, I would say that we would go one Duncan Kilgore Secrest the principles of the ACA I would like Dwyer King, N.Y. Selden step further knowing that some of the Everett Kirwan Shelley now to present from di:ff erent publica­ attitude of the ADA is motivated, 1f sin­ Fallon Kluczynski Sheppard tions the best definitions I can find, and cerely, by the liberals, because they dis­ Farbstein Laird Short the most fair, because I would not pur­ Fascell Landrum Sibal agree with strict constitutional princi­ Flood Lankford Smith, Calif. posely distort under any circumstances, ples of government. Flynt Latta Snyder and certainly not in the interest of de­ And so we can move on to quote the Fogarty Lesinski Staebler bate, the views of the ADA. These Forrester Long, Md. Staggers Socialist platform. Fountain McCulloch Stratton members who share those views have Here in my hand is the platform of the Frelinghuysen Mcintire Stubblefield every right to their views, although I Taft ADA. Here is .the Socialist platform. Fulton, Tenn. McLoskey may certainly disagree, as I do. And here is the Communist platform­ Fuqua McMillan Tuck As I understand what the ADA stands Garmatz Macdonald Van Pelt that is, of the American Communist Glenn Mailliard Waggonner for-I want to read several of the state­ Party. Gonzalez Marsh Wallhauser .ments which are the substance of the Grabowski Martin, Mass. Walter ADA doctrine. I studied these together and I will put Grant Martin, Nebr. Watts The ADA believes: in the RECORD at this point the issues of Gray May Wharton domestic policy, social ownership of Green, Pa. Michel White That it is possible for a police state to be Griffin Miller, Calif. Whitten obedient to the popular will; that the appa­ property, foreign policy and disarma­ Gubser Montoya Widnall ratus of such a state can be so affected by ment. Hagen, Calif. Morton wnson, Bob And, interestingly enough, the ADA Hanna Moss Wilson, benevolence that it can produce-through Hansen Natcher CharlesH. such coercive measures as compulsory union views seem to be either lifted from or to Harsha Nedzi membership, enforced fraternization, a con­ paraphrase the Socialist pamphlet fiscatory share-the-wealth tax system and a which, in turn, seems to be a digest of The SPEAKER pro tempore. On this strong centralized bureaucracy-a guaran­ rollcall 282 Members have answered to teed annual wage for everybody, complete the Communist pamphlet. I simply their names, a quorum. freedom from fear, want and anxiety for all, mention this because those Members who By unanimous consent, further pro­ and total economic welfare from the cradle believe in the liberal, the radical liberal ceedings under the call were dispensed to the grave for the entire populace. philosophy of big Federal Government, can say that they do not agree with me with. Paul Appleby in Big Democracy says: and I will respect that point of view. Nothing can be decentralized properly On the other hand, I think it is clear ATTACKS ON AMERICANS FOR which has not first been centralized. The basic essential is national controllability. that nobody should hide behind the tag CONSTITUTIONAL ACTION of conservative when they are actually Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I trust the I believe this is what the ADA believes liberal and try to muddy the water, to membership understands the circum­ in controlled centralization. Anyway, confuse the public. stances for the point of order. I want in pushing toward its goal, whatever the Take, for example, the subject of tax­ to repeat my format today will be to ADA stands for-and I will accept lan­ ation. Here is what the ADA says on speak for 15 or 20 minutes, or longer, if guage to amend what I have said, 1f I page 19 of their booklet: I choose, in order to present my basic have not stated it correctly-these are Government has the further obligation statement and then I shall gladly yield. the legislative goals of the ADA: to foster a fair and just economy, by ap­ If this will not do it, we will have other 1. The Brannan plan. portioning taxes according to ability to pay, special orders and I will keep asking for 2. Compulsory health insurance. using its powers to correct inequities; to help 3. Federal price, wage, and rent controls. farmers and farm laborers to obtain an ade­ special orders until we get the message 4. Repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. quate income; to assure workers the l"ight through. Therefore, I will not yield un­ 5. Compulsory union membership. to organize democratically and bargain col­ til I have finished my basic statement 6. Giving the Executive power to modify lectively; to provide competitive business a and then I will be glad to yield to Mem­ rates of taxes and expenditures to meet fair opportunity for growth and profit, free bers on both sides of the aisle and I will changing conditions. from monopolistic barriers and constraints; then, of course, yield to Members in the 7. Abolition of seniority rule in granting and to regulate those large-scale industries order of recognition as I choose. committee chairmanships in Congress. which are natural monopolies. 8. Unilateral cessation of nuclear bomb Mr. Speaker, I have presented to the testing. The ADA believes in taxation accord­ membership, to the best of my ability, 9. Placing the major responsibility for ing to ability to pay. the views of the Americans for Consti­ financing public education on the Federal The Socialist platform says: tutional Action. These principles, I Government rather than on local districts think, are clearly understood. However, and States. Steeply increased inheritance taxes and income taxes on the higher incomes and since I was interrupted by the rollcall, In the conduct of our foreign aft'airs estates of both corporations and individuals. I was going to go through them once the ADA has made the following sugges­ again because I intend to lay the tions: The Communist Party platform says: I groundwork for the position that take 1. Relief aid to Communist China. From each according to his ability, to so that my colleagues who may respect­ 2. Diplomatic recognition of Communist each according to his need. fully disagree with me can do so, know­ China. Again, those liberals who believe in ing whereof ·I have spoken so they can 3. Admission of Communist China to the take issue with me. U.N. this type of taxation, the ADA, the So­ Mr. Speaker, I shall reread the seven 4. No aid to Franco. cialists, and the Communists, so far as indexes, the one major and six subsidi­ 5. Exclusion of Spain from the U.N. they agree, with them I disagree, and 6. U.S. acquiescence to world government. ary indexes, which constitutes the basis the ACA disagrees. I think at this point 7. Ratification of the U.N. Convention on on which the ACA makes an index of genocide. we can have a very interesting debate. the voting record of each of the Mem­ 8. Support of the International Labor Or­ In any event, for my part, I say that type bers of Congress, which is their privilege ganization and UNESCO which have been of interpretation of government's role to do, and to agree or disagree, as we the object of unjustified attack. 1s unconstitutional. 9630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28

ADA SOCIALIST COMMUNIST Domestic policy Domestic policy Domestic policy 1. Page 19: "By security we mean the 1. Socialist platform 1932: Unemployment 1. Platform of 1954 page 17, "The Govern· social and economic guarantees to assure at and labor legislation. ment has the responsibility to guarantee least a minimum standard of living for all "1. A Federal appropriation of $5 billion job~ and living standards." members of our population, especially the for immediate relief for those in need to sup­ most defenseless-the children, the aging, plement State and local appropriations. the sick, the indigent. To this end we :favor "2. A Federal appropriation of $5 billion the steady improvement of our systems of for public works and roads, reforestation, social insurance and other social and eco­ slum clearance, and decent homes for the nomic measures looking toward the elimina­ workers, by Federal Government, States and tion of poverty. Where local and private cities." initiative a.re not sufficient, the National (These when the budget was $4,659 mil­ Government must initiate programs, includ­ lion.) ing Federal contributions where necessary "6. A compulsory system of unemployment for education, health and housing, to which compensation with adequate benefits, based the people of the world's richest nation are on contributions by the Government and entitled." by employers. "8. Health and maternity insurance. "11. Government aid to farmers and small homeowners to protect them against mort­ gage foreclosures and moratorium on sales for non-payment of taxes by destitute farm­ ers and unemployed workers." Constitutional changes "6. The passage of Socialist Party's pro­ posed worker's rights amendment to the Constitution empowering Congress to estab­ lish national systems of unemployment, health and accident insurance and old age pensions, to abolish child labor, establish and take over enterprises in manufacture, commerce, transportation, banking, public utilities, and other business and industries to be owned and operated by the Govern­ ment, and generally for the social and eco­ nomic welfare of the workers of the United States. 2. Page 20, ADA booklet: "The highest 2. Platform of 1932. 2. Pages 28-29: "Modern industrial pro­ priorities of our public needs, along with Social ownership duction under capitalism is a vast social national security, include domestic public process, but it is operated for the private investment in facilities and services related "l. Public ownership and democratic con­ enrichment of the few who own and not for to the general welfare and investment in trol of mines, forests, oil, and power re­ the good of the many who produce. It is this oversea economic and social development sources; public utilities dealing with light contradiction that socialism will resolve be­ which will advance· the cause of human and power, transportation and communica­ cause in a Socialist society, the industries progress under freedom." tion, and of all other basic industries." will be the property of the whole people, and the product of industry will go to the whole people in the form of continually rising living standards. Socialism alone would utilize to the fullest the immense scientific and technical know-how of the American people, including atomic energy. It would forever end the scourge of economic crisis, unemployment, national and racial oppres­ sion, fascism and war. It would build a land of peace and plenty, of knowledge and culture, of freedom and opportunity for all." 3. ADA, page 19: "Government has the 3. Taxation. 3. Communism. further obligation to foster a fair and just 1. Steeply increased inheritance taxes and From each according to his ability, to each economy, by apportioning taxes according income taxes on the higher incomes and according to his need.-Marx. · to ability to pay, using its powers to correct estates of both corporations and and in­ inequities; to help farmers and farm labor­ dividuals. ers to obtain an adequate income; to assure workers the right to organize democratically an i bargain collectively; to provide com­ petitive business a fair opportunity for growth and profit, free from monopolistic barriers and constraints; and to regulate those large-scale industries which are nat­ ural monopolies." 4. Foreign policy. 4. Foreign policy-International relations. 4. Foreign policy, page 30: China ADA urges immediate initiation, to­ The recognition of the Soviet Union and "We deny that the Soviet Union, People's gether with our allies, of negotiations toward the encouragement of trade and industrial China or any country led and ruled by work­ diplomatic recognition of the Peiping regime relations with that country. The withdrawal ing . people threatens our country or could and its accreditation to the U.N. as the Gov­ of U.S. military and naval forces from China threaten our country." ernment of China, not as gestures of moral and the relinquishment of American extra­ Page 19: "To ease world tensions and re­ approval of its past actions but as means of territorial privileges. store the United Nations as an instrument establishing the normal channels of interna­ of world pleace, we propose: A return to tional communication. Such steps would President Roosevelt's policy of big power increase our access to information on Chinese negotiation and agreement. ·This must in­ affairs and the possibility of affecting Chinese clude the admission of People's China, the foreign policy. The admission of China to established government and effective gov­ the U.N. should be linked to the condition ernment of the great Chinese Nation to the that the inhabitants of Formosa shall them­ U.N. and its recognition by the United selves democratically decide whether they States." shall be admitted to the U.N. as an inde­ pendent nation or shall rejoin mainland China. Recognition of Communist China and its accreditation to the U.N. do not mean abandonment of Formosa. Until a U .N. so­ lution is reached, the U.S. treaty pledge to 1963 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE 9631

ADA SOCIALIST COMMUNIST Domestic policy Social ownerahfp Domestic policy defend Formosa should remain unaltered, with the explicit understanding that this pledge does not include the defense of Que­ moy and Matsu. We should press for im• mediate and democratic elections by the in­ habitants of Formosa. U.S. military aid should be limited to only such forces as are necessary to its defense. We urge the re­ moval of all passport barriers preventing travel by Americans to China (as has already been done in the case of journalists) in or­ der that U.S. relations with it may evolve through full and informed public debate. The United States should undertake as soon as possible a humanitarian program to make surplus food available to relieve famine in China. We further urge the lifting of bar­ riers to trade, in recognition of the fact that trade builds understanding and our eco­ nomic isolation from China's 650 million peo­ ple has achieved little. 5. Disarmament. 5. Disarmament. 5. Disarmament. In view of the slaughter and destruction The reduction of armaments, leading to An end to the arms race and to the policy experienced in so-called conventional wars the goal of total disarmament by interna­ of encircling the globe with U.S. military and of the difficulty of preventing a conven­ tional agreement, if possible; but, if that bases. What is needed is a world ban on tional war, once started, from developing is not possible, by setting an example our­ the use of all atomic weapons and an agree­ into a nuclear war, our aim must be noth­ selves. Soldiers, sailors, and workers un­ ment for a drastic reduction in all types of ing less than the ultimate complete aboli­ employed by reason of disarmament to be armaments. tion of the means of waging war of any absorbed, where desired, in a program of kind. We welcome the establishment of the public works, to be financed in part by U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. the savings due to disarmament. The aboli­ In staffing this agency, the emphasis should tion of conscription, of military training be on people who have a record of a dedica­ camps, and the Reserve Officers' '!'raining tion to disarmament rather than on those Corps. reconciled to a continuation of a modified armaments race. This agency should be more adequately financed and concerned with developing bold, vigorous, and new insights to the problems of negotiations for peace and disarmament. We urge more research into the political and economic consequences of disarmament rather than the almost exclusive concentration on tech­ nical aspects. We urge in addition a greatly increased appropriation for the spe­ cific purpose of public education to create a favorable climate for disarmament. We support the U.S. "Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World" and the Report of the 1962 United Nations Committee of Experts on the feasibility of a changeover to peace economies. No nu­ clear negotiations or treaties can be mean­ ingful without the participation of all na­ tions who now have or will have in the near future nuclear weapon capability. All measures should be taken to assure that all those who stand on the nuclear threshold, including the French and Peiping Govern­ ments, accept 1md be bound by the con­ clusions of such negotiations. We suggest that our Government give consideration to unilateral initiatives which might improve the atmosphere for multilateral disarma­ ment negotiations.

Having pointed out a few of the things but I want you to understand what he is to preserve democracy, it must be brought I disapprove of in this liberal philosophy said. He points out: about step by step in a way which will not disrupt the fabric of custom, law, and mu­ involved in the ADA, Socialist, and Com­ The Socialist state is thus worse than the munist outlook on the problems we have, tual confidence upon which personal rights capitalist state because it is more inclusive depend. I would like to tell you that so far as I in its coverage and more unlimited in its understand the pattern unrolling before power. Then he went on to talk about grad­ me, Arthur Schlesinger is a man who He said capitalism is bad but he said ualism of changeover without disrupting believes he has the answer. His answer unlimited socialism is bad, worse than the fabric we have of freedom: is democratic socialism. I have here his capitalism. Then he proceeds to ex­ The Marxists enormously overestimated statement, "The Future of Socialism," plain what he called democratic social­ the political courage and will of the capi­ written in 1947. Asked if he would talists. change it he said: ism, and showing this is what we need and this is the future of our country. Then he says, and to a degree I must No, I believe now what I said then. He says: say every once in a while I think he is Again, I will put it in the RECORD. I If socialism, that is, the ownership by the partly right because of the lack of cour­ will not use it for the purpose of debate state of all significant means of production, age of businessmen; but I Q.o not think 9632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 capitalism is wrong. At this point I dis­ THE FuTURE OF SOCIALISM, III-THE plosive problems of an atomic age. Its overt agree. He says: PERSPECTIVE Now expressions, such as conscientious objection in times of war,- tend to be morally vulgar There seems no inherent obstacle to the (By Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) The Soviet experience has put the century­ .and intellectually contemptible. Indus­ gradual advance of socialism in the United trial organization and the postindustrial States through a series of New Deals. old debate between capitalism and socialism in a useful new perspective. Before the state are here to stay. The problem is not He goes on to point out what the ADA First World War, the case against socialism how to escape them but how to master is for and what I know the Socialists and was generally made in terms of efficiency, them-or, more probably, how to -live with Communists are for on the other hand. the case against capitalism in terms of them. I know what the ACA stands for. We morality: that is, socialism was conceded to IS DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM POSSmLE? are entirely against this ADA reasoning. be good in principle but not to work; capi­ Neither communism, with its despotism, t alism was conceded to work but not to be nor capitalism, with its instability, nor Then he says something I think quite good in principle. After the Second War we fascism, with its combination of the two, significant. see a reverse tendency, a disposition to ad­ provide attractive solutions to the problem The recipe for retaining liberty is, not ra­ mit the inefficiency of capitalism and justify of how to live with modern industry and the tionalization, but muddling through-a se­ it as providing the margin on which liberty modern ·state. Is there another possibility~ cret long known to the British who, as D. and democracy may subsist; a disposition to Has non-Communist, libertarian socialism a W. Brogan has put it, "change anything ex­ believe that the very efficiency of socialist future? Abstracting the question for a mo­ cept the appearance of things." management necessarily squeezes out free­ ment from current political actualities, one dom. After all which system has more suc­ must answer that there is no inherent rea­ What Mr. Schlesinger is suggesting is cessfully dehumanized the worker, fettered son why democratic socialism should not be that in the changeover to democratic the working class, and extinguished personal possible. socialism we do not change the appear­ and political liberty? If socialism (i.e., the ownership by the ance of things but we gradually socialize The very shift in polemics suggests that state of all significant means of production) our country. Those who believe in that, both arguments have indulged in what ls to preserve democracy, it must be brought let them say so. I know the ADA be­ Whitehead has called the fallacy of mis­ about step by step in a way which will not placed concreteness-the error bf mistaking disrupt the fabric of custom, law, and mu­ lieves in it. abstractions for concrete realities. The -fact tual confidence upon which personal rights He says: probably is that a great many of the criti­ depend. That is, the transition must be I happen to believe socialism, not capi­ cisms urged against the abstractions "capi­ piecemeal; it must be parliamentary; it must talism, is the answer. talism" and -"socialism" -alike are actually respect civil liberties and due process of law. the deficits, not of a particular system of Socialism by such means used to seem fan­ Then he goes on to describe the process ownership, but of industrial organization tastic to the hard-eyed melodramatists ·of of backing our country into socialism. and the postindustrial state whatever the the Leninist persuasion; but even Stalin is Then he says: system of ownership. · Industry and govern­ reported to have told Harold Laski recently ment are the basic evils; they institutional­ that it might be possible. The death wish of the capitalists; the ize the pride and the greed, the sadism and betrayal of the intellectuals; and the coun­ The classical argument against gradualism the masochism, the ecstasy in power and the was that the capitalist ruling class would terrevolution of the Soviet Union figure in ecstasy in submission, which are the abiding this effort. resort to violence rather than surrender its causes of the troubles of the world. prerogatives. Here, as elsewhere, the Marx- · Then he says: In this light anarchism becomes the only ists enormously overestimated the political faith for a moral man. Organization is In so doing it may destroy the possibility courage and will of the capitalists. In fact, man's solution to his sense of guilt. The in the countries where capitalism really of a peaceful transition to socialism. In its very fact of organization attenuates personal panic- triumphed, it has yielded with far better moral responsibility; and, as organization grace (that is, displayed far more cowardice) Meaning the business community of becomes more elaborate and comprehensive, than the Marxist schema predicted. The America- it becomes increasingly the instrumentality British experience is illuminating in this through which moral man indulges his nat­ respect, and the American experience not un­ it may yield to the most ruthless black­ ural desire to commit immoral deeds. "A instructive. There is no sign in either na­ mailer-exte_rnally to the Soviet Union, in­ crime which would press heavily on "the con­ ternally to any political gangster promising tion that the capitalists are putting up a science of one man, becomes quite endurable really determined fight. Liberal ~larmists security-and thereby dissipate the Nation's when divided among many." The state is capacity to control its process of change. who feel that the clamor of a political cam­ only the climax of secular organizations­ paign or the agitation of hired lobbyists con­ Experience has shown the middle classes that "semihuman tiger or ox, stalking over -stitutes a determined fight should read the allow themselves to be plundered quite the earth," Thoreau called it, "with its history of Germany. In the United State_s an easily. heart taken out and the top of its brain shot industrialist who turned a machinegun on a Now, friends, I see Mr. Schlesinger's away"-and the totalitarian state concen­ ·picket line woud be disowned by the rest democratic socialism now becoming the trates in itself all the evil of organization by of the business community; in Britain he annihilating all the gaps and rivalries which would be sent to an insane asylum. Fascism fabric of the New Frontier, and when I make for freedom in a more loosely organized arises in countries like Germany and Italy, say that, my colleagues, I know that society. Spain and Argentina, where the bourgeois many Members of the Congress on both The Socialist state is thus worse than the tritimph was never complete enough to erad­ sides of the aisle would not subscribe to capitalist state because it is more inclusive icate other elements who believe in what democratic socialism. in its coverage and more unlimited in its the bourgeoisie fears more than . anything But I do not believe, no matter how power. Organization corrupts; total organi­ else-violence, and who then used violence right Mr. Schlesinger may think he is, zation corrupts totally. The Socialist state to "protect" the bourgeoisie. justifies itself on the ground that the con­ There seems no inherent obstacle to the that democratic socialism is better than centration of power is necessary to do good; gradual advance of socialism in the United capitalism, although the New Frontier but it has never solved the problem of how States through a series of new deals. In so considers it. you insure that power bestowed to do good 1933, Frances Perkins has reported, the coal Now I am back where I started. I be­ will not be employed to do -harm, especially operators pleaded with the Government to lieve in capitalism and in U.S: sov­ when you remove all obstacles to its exercise. nationalize the mines. They offered to sell ereignty and not in one-worldism. I Soviet socialism has the added disadvantage "to the Government at any price_fixed by that it was born in violence. The emotions the Government. Anything so we can get believe in a Republic as the form of gov­ of revolution in an industrial age can no out- of it." The Government was not ready ernment and not in some big dictatorial more be localized than the emotions of mod­ to take over the coal mines in 1933, as it bureaucracy out of Washington. At ern war itself. Violence breeds its special was not ready to take over the banks, af! it this point the constitutionalists or con­ hatreds and aggressions, which twist the nor­ was not ready to keep _the railroads in 1919. mal hatreds of society into new and ugly But the New Deal greatly enlarged the re­ servatives, if you like-and the liberals forms. The habit of violence is hard to serves bf trained personnel; the mobilization heartily disagree, I know many of us do. abandon, especially when it has worked in of industry during the war provided more But the liberals believe and no doubt the the past. A revolutionary elite always has experience; and the next depression will cer­ gentleman who launched the attack -the wistful conviction, based on experience, tainly mean a vast expansion in Government against the ACA believes that big gov­ that it is easier to dispose of opposition by ownership and control. The private owners firing squads than by arguments. will not only acquiesce in this, in charac­ ernment can do things for private enter­ The trouble with anarchism is, not at all teristic capitalist panic, they will demand it. prise which traditionally under our sys­ that it is wrong, but that it is irrelevant. Government ownership and control can tem have been done privately without It may have its values as a mystique, but take many forms. The independent public government. it is nonsense as a way of meeting the ex- corporation, in the manner of TVA, is. one; 1963 CONGRESSION~L RECORD - HOUSE 9633 State and municipal ownership can exist tocracy, and now the Socialists, to protect ing security-and thereby dissipate the Na­ alongside Federal ownership; the techniques them. In America when the chips were down tion's capacity to control its process of of the cooperatives can be expanded; even the businessmen have always been bailed change. "Experience shows that the middle the resources of regulation have not been out by the radical democracy, often under classes allow themselves to be plundered fully tapped. The more varieties of owner­ aristocratic leadership; the Jeffersons, Jack­ quite easily," Sorel ·wrote, "provided a little ship the better: · liberty gets more fresh air sons, Lincolns, Wilsons, Roosevelts. pressure is brought to bear, and that they and sunlight through the interstices of a This normal political incompetence of the are intimidated by the fear of revolution." diversified society than through the close­ capitalists has recently been exaggerated by This growing capitalist irresponsibility is the knit grip of collectivism. l'he recipe for a gradual disappearance of the capitalist symptom of the death wish: it is Samson in retaining liberty is, not rationalization, but energies themselves: it is this combination the temple. muddling through-a secret long known to which justifies the term "death wish." Not the British who, as D. W. Brogan has put only does the bourgeoisie lack the skill to THE BETRAYAL OF THE . INTELLECTUALS it, "change anything except the appearance protect itself; it is increasingly lacking in Official liberalism was the product of the of things." the will to protect itself. The capitalist sys­ enlightenment, cross-fertilized with such Socialism, then, appears quite practicable tem, in effect, has killed its own interest in things as unitarianism, science, bourgeois within this frame of reference, as a long­ survival. The rise of big business, the devel­ complacency, and a belief in progress. It term proposition. Its gradual advance might opment of mass protection and mass organi­ dispensed with the absurd Christian myths well preserve order and law, keep enough zation, have slowly taken the guts out of the of sin and damnation and believed that what internal checks and discontinuities to idea of property. The spread of rationalism shortcomings man might have were to be guarantee a measure of freedom, and evolve has set in motion a skepticism which holds redeemed, not by Jesus on the cross, but by new and real forms for the expression of no social authority sacred. Capitalism at the benevolent unfolding of history. Toler­ democracy. The active agents in effecting once has strengthened the economic centrali­ ance, free inquiry, and technology, operating the transition will probably be, not the work­ zation and loosened the moral bonds of in the framework of human perfectibility, ing class, but some combination of lawyers, society. The result is a profound instabiilty would in the end create a heaven on earth, business and labor managers, politicians, and which invites collectivism as a means of re­ a goal accounted. much more sensible and intellectuals, in the manner of the first New storing social discipline. As Schumpeter wholesome than a heaven in heaven. Deal, or of the Labor government in Britain. puts it, capitalism "socializes the bourgeois This rejection of the dark and subterra­ But we must return this question to the mind." Eventually the roots of capitalist nean forces in human nature acquired a actualities from which, up to now, it has motivation will wither away. kind of protective coloration in a century of been abstracted. The process of backing Even in America, the capitalist fatherland, peace and prosperity, like the 19th. Insight into socialism in the contemporary world the death wish of the business community into evil became the property of a few dis­ is not so simple as it sounds. Too many appears to go beyond the normal limits of reputable aesthetes and a few obstinate forces are working, some wittingly, some not, political incompetence and geographical se­ Christians. But the rationalists were be­ to obstruct that process. They can be dis­ curity. After the First World War, Trotsky trayed by their own god in the 20th cen­ cussed under three heads: the death wish of predicted that American capitalism would tury when history went back on them and the capitalists; the betrayal of the intellec­ now make its stunning debut on the world unleashed the t.error. Freud, Kierkegaard, tuals; and the counterrevolution of the stage. Instead, American capitalism crept Sorel, Nietzsche had charted patterns of de­ Soviet Union. back into bed and pulled the covers over its pravity while the sun of optimism was high face. It responded to the challenge of in the sky. As it sank, practical men, like 'I'HE DEATH WISH OF THE CAPITALISTS nazism by founding the America First Com­ Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, transformed de­ Marxist folklore, we have seen, has always mittee. It responded to the opportunities pravity into a way of life. overrated the- bourgeoisie. The capitalists opened up by the Second World War by Much more than a generation divides the have certainly been great organizers of pro­ rushing to dismantle the instrumentalities liberals who denied evil from those who ac­ duction and, in this process, great exploiters of American military and economic influence cept it. The word "evil" is here a designa­ of the downtrodden. But their confidence, in the name of balancing the budget. tion, not an explanation; but, whether you intelligence, and ruthlessness have always The .foreign policy of the business com­ use the vocabulary of religion or psychoanal­ dwindled as they got farther away from the munity is characteristically one of cowardice ysis or antirationalism, whether you invoke factory or countinghouse. They have con­ rationalized in terms of high morality. The Augustine or Freud or Pareto, there are stituted a plutocracy, not an aristocracy. great refusal to take on the Russians today moody and destructive impulses in man of They have never been, in the political sense, is perfectly typical. That doyen of Ameri­ which official liberalism has taken no serious an effective governing class. can capitalists, Joseph P. Kennedy, recently account. Louis Jaffe recently wrote of Jus­ A plutocracy is trained to think in terms argued that the United States should not tice Brandeis, "One felt that nothing in ·his of business dealings and not of war, in terms seek to resist the spread of communism. In­ syst.em prepared Brandeis for Hitler." Bran­ of security and not of honor, in terms of deed, it should "permit communism to have deis was among the more realistic of his class and not of nation. With their power its trial outside the Soviet Union if that generation: how much more unprepared dependent on the continued convertibility shall be the fate or will of certain peoples. were the readers of the liberal weeklies, the of pieces of paper, they dread anything which In most of these countries a few years will great thinkers who sought to combat nazism might upset the fragile conventions of eco­ demonstrate the inability of communism to by peace strikes, the Oxford oath, and uni­ nomic society. They lack the instinct, en­ achieve its promises, while through this lateral disarmament. ergy, and courage to govern. The shift which period the disillusioned experimenters will The type of the official liberal today is the saved Britain in 1940 suggests some of the · be observing the benefits of the American fellow traveler or the fellow traveler of the contrasts. Chamberlain reflected the senti­ way of life, and most of them will seek to fellow traveler; see the columns of the New ments of the business community-the long­ emulate it." On this ground, Ken~edy has Republic and the Nation. For the most ing for quiet, the hatred of violence, the ter­ opposed all foreign loans from the British chivalrous reasons they cannot believe that ror of social upheaval. Churchill's instincts loan on. ugly facts underlie fair words; however, they were those of an imperial aristocracy­ We are confronted t.oday with the picture look at it, for example, the U.S.S.R. keeps bold, vigorous, somewhat contemptuous of of New Dealers trying to launch a positive coming through as a kind of enlarged Brook trade, with power founded, not' on finance, foreign policy over the vigorous protests of Farm community. Nothing in their system but on land, tradition, and sense of nation­ the business groups which that policy will has prepared them for Stalin. The official ality. "There is something to be said for protect. Fearing change, fearing swift ac­ liberal differs from the Communist, who government by a great aristocracy which has tion because it might portend change, lack­ knows what he is doing. He differs from furnished leaders to the nation in peace and ing confidence and resolution, subject to the New Dealer, who has learned some of the war for generations," Theodore Roosevelt spasms of panic and hysteria, the American facts of life from the exercise of responsi­ once observed; "even a Democrat like myself business community is too irresponsible to bility and is consequently deeply hostile to must admit this. But there is absolutely work steadily for the national interest, or the Communist. The official liberal runs · nothing to be said for government by a even for its narrow class interests. At least .interference for the Communist with a sys­ plutocracy, for government by men, very the English business community has been tem of intellectual evasion and subterfuge powerful in certain lines and gifted with the persuaded by experience that it should ac­ that results directly from a desperate at­ money touch, but with ideals which in their cede to the political leadership of the aris­ tempt to square a superficial and optimistic essence are merely those of so many glori­ tocracy or, more recently, of the Socialists­ creed with a bitter century. fied pawnbrokers." of any group which will govern. But the Many contemporary radicals have rejected The bourgeoisie consequently has always American business community continues to these sunny meditations. Silone, Koestler, had to turn for protection to some non­ resist the radical democracy, like a drowning Malraux, Niebuhr, Orwell, Dos Passos, Hem­ bourgeois group. Without such protection, map. threshing out at his rescuer. ingway, Macdonald; the very names sug­ as Schumpeter puts it, it is "unable not only In so doing, it may destroy the possibility gest a range of perceptions and anxieties to lead its nation but even to take care of of a peaceful transition to socialism. In its unknown to the columns of the New Re­ its particular class interest. Which amounts panic it may yield to the most ruthless public. In this new version, man becomes to saying that it needs a master." In Eng­ blackmailer-externally to the Soviet Union, aspiring, and more frustrated., more hallowed, land the business classes have had the aris- internally to any political gangster promis- at once greater and more pitiable, more 9634 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE May 28 and more doomed. This image stands up general strike is, in principle, the most po­ the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and better in the century of Buchenwald. But tent weapon in the world, but it always China. But Czarist Russia would not have the men who are possessed by it are still remains potent in principle. The great mo­ been able to multiply its national strength under official malediction as tired liberals, ment for the general strike was perhaps 1914; With the tremendous political weapon of Judases, and apostles of disillusion. but, even had Jaures survived, the working communism. If you believe man to be essentially good, Classes WOUld have '8UCCUmbed to the bugle, The exception makes a good deal of dif­ you commit yourself to the endless task o! the flag, and the military parade. Marx rec­ ference. Imperial Russia could be dealt with explaining why he does not always behave ognized that many workers were not Marx­ like Imperial Germany; its objectives would that way. A simple way out is to affirm ists and so invented a classification called the have been inherently limited by the clash of that, in spite of appearances to the con­ Lumpen-proletariat in which were dumped one nationalism with another. But nazism trary, he really is performing the good. In those who did not live up to theory. Lenin gave Germany a potent ideological weapon, the course of this -solution the liberal intel­ recognized this too and so invented a disci­ and communism is infinitely more exporta­ lectual generates myths which he comes to plined party which, announcing itself the ble than nazism. As a social faith, it can prefer to actualities, especially if the actu­ only true representative of the proletariat, penetrate to every corner of the world and alities are uncomfortable (as they usually ruthlessly shot down dissenters. No country rally its fifth columns wherever injustice are) . The addiction to myth is of course has more spectacularly abandoned a belief in and poverty exist. Communism gives Rus­ increased by the fact that the liberal has the working class than the U.S.S.R. sian expansionism its warhead. On a pre­ denied himself such traditional outlets for For these various reasons, the mystique of arranged signal, the Russian drive can ex­ credulity as religion. the working class has faded somewhat since plode internally in every country on the The susceptibility to wishfulness, the need the First World War. In its place has arisen globe. for the sustaining myth, the disbelief in a new mystique, more radiant and palpable, Russian national objectives are limited; man's urge to destroy-all combine to re­ and exercising the same fascinations of Communist international objectives are not. duce the capacity for critical judgment power and guilt: the mystique of the Experience has shown that a nation can sus­ which the intellectual',s detachment from U.S.S.R. Each success of the Soviet Union tain unlimited objectives for only a limited social loyalties should confer upon him. has conferred new delights on those pos­ time. The fervor of a crusade wears a peo­ This is the real trahlson des clercs. Instead .sessed of the need for prostration and fright­ ple out; after a time the country relapses of contributing clarity, logic. and rigorous . ened of the responsibilities of decision. In from the messiah business into its national insistence on facts, the liberal intellectual a world which makes very little sense, these routine. The problem is to prevent the So­ has been more and more devoting his in­ emotions are natural enough, but surrender viet Union from breaking out of the reserva­ genuity to laminating his favorite myths. to them destroys the capacity for clear intel­ tion during its period of messianic intoxica­ He has failed wretchedly to live up to his lectual leadership which ought to be the lib­ tion. eral's function in the world. In an exact obligation to provide intellectual leadership. THE ROLE OF THE ARMED TRUCE One myth, to which the liberal has clung sense, Soviet Russia has become the opiate of the intellectuals. British policy under Chamberlain presents in the face of experience with the imper­ a model of how not to undertake a campaign turbable ardor of an early Christian, is the THE COUNTERREVOLUTION OF THE sovmT UNION of containment. The United States is faced mystique of the proletariat. This myth The capitalist deathwish and the liberal given its classical form by Marx, himself With the same situation today, only the geo­ treachery are more or less unconscious ob­ graphical margins of tolerance are greater so characteristically a bourgeois intellectual, stacles to a tranquil passage to socialism. states that the action of the working class with the U.S.S.R. than they ever were with The role of the Soviet Union, on the other Germany. Reduced to its fundamentals, the will overthrow capitalist tyranny and estab­ hand, is highly intelligent, purposeful, and American problem is to arrange the equilib­ lish by temporary dictatorship a classless determined. The U.S.S.R. perceives clearly rium of forces in the world so that, at every society. Its appeal lies partly in the intel­ that the most deadly foe of communism is given moment of decision, the Soviet general lectual's sense of guilt over livlng pleasantly not the reactionary, whose blind folly will staff will decide against aggressions that by his wits instead of unpleasantly by his only speed the disintegration of his own so­ might provoke a general war on the ground hands, partly in the intellectual's some­ ciety, the serious enemy is really the radical that they present too greact a military risk. what feminine fascination with the rude and democrat who proposes to solve the problems At the same time, the United States must not muscular power of the proletariat, partly in of unemployment and want without enslav­ succumb to demands for an anti-Soviet cru­ the intellectual's desire to compensate for his ing the masses and setting up a police sade nor permit reactionaries in the buffer own sense of alienation by immersing him­ state. states to precipitate conflicts in defense of self in the broad maternal expanse of the So long as Churchill lived in Downing their own obsolete prerogatives. Fascism has masses. Worship of the proletariat becomes Street, Moscow knew that Britain offered no receded, but it has not disappeared. a perfect fulfillment for the frustrations of competition in the struggle for Europe. But The United States must maintain a pre­ the intellectual. the victory of the Labor Party in the sum­ carious balance between a complete readiness Of course, this is not the whole story. mer of 19~5 brought new hope to all the to repel Soviet aggression beyond· a certain There was considerable ·prlma facie support people of Europe who still had freedom of limit and complete determination to demon­ for the myth. The :begin:nings of trade political expression. It signalized an alter­ strate within this limit no aggressive U.S. union organization at one time may have native to Moscow which promised the same intentions toward the U.S.S.R. It must promised a serious future for an organized economic advantages--and with political lib­ commit itself, economically, politically, and proletariat. But there is no point in keep­ erty in place of the NKVD. It was at this militarily, to the maintenance of this bal­ ing up the pretense a century later. The point that the U.S.S.R. stepped up its attack ance over a long period. Given sufficient trade union movement is as clearly indig­ on the Socialist parties and began its con­ time, the Soviet internal tempo will slow enous to the capitalist system as the cor­ certed policy of hammering at the weak down. The ruling class will become less risk poration itself, and it has no particular points, strategic and ideological, of the al­ minded, more security minded. Greater meaning apart from that system. In a So­ ready crumbling British Empire. ·vested interests will develop in ·the existing cialist society its !Unctions are radically The Communist war against the Second order; Russia . itself will begin to fear the transformed: it becomes, not a free labor International has been a brilliant success. revolutionary tendencies which modern war movement, but a labor front. Even in Eng­ The Social Democratic parties of Europe have trails in its wake. The squabbles between land, as Sir Walter Citrine remarked on join­ remained steadfast in their traditions of cau­ the Galllcans and the ultramontanes will ing the Coal Board, strikes can no longer be tion, feebleness, and inactivity. They appear dilute. the ardor of national Communist par­ trade union instruments in a nationalized to be doomed today, because the worki~g ties; they too will develop stakes in an exist­ industry. Unions inev!.tably become or.gans class does not trust their determination to ing national order, if only. in order to hold for disciplining the workers, not for rep­ carry out reforms, and the middle class does on to a mass following. At the same time, resenting them. not trust their determination to resist com­ U.S. backing to the parties of the non-Com- Indeed, the whole conception of the prole­ munism. When the Communists do succeed . munist left and U.S. support for vast pro­ tariat as an agency of change is meaning­ in finally absorbing or destroying the Social­ grams of economic reconstruction may go less. The technical necessity for organiza­ ·ists, they will have virtually attained their far toward removing the conditions of want, tion instantly set in motion a tendency objective of destroying the center and reduc- hunger, and economic insecurity which are toward oligarchy; separate interests arise ing the alternatives to the red and the black. : constant invitations to Soviet expansibn. between leadership and rank and file; and a The crime of the U.S.S.R. against the wofld Can the United States conceive and initiate working class committee after a short time is its determination to make experiments in so subtle· ·a policy? Though the secret has ·wnt stand for, not the working class, but its libertaria.n socialism· impossible. . been kept pretty much from the readers of own bureaucratic instinct for survival. What are the motives o{ the Soviet cam­ the lib.eral press; the State Department has Moreover, workers as· a mass have rarely paign against the West? "The trouble with · been : pro.ceeding for sc:ime time somewhat had the impulses attributed . to theni by Russia," Schumpeter has observed with con­ along these-lines: . Both Byrnes and Marshall Marxism. They too often believe in patriot­ siderable truth, "is not that she is Socialist . have perceived the essentiai' ne.ed-to ·be firm ism or religion, or read comic strips, g~ to but that she is Russia." If the Romanovs without bein·g rancorous, to check soviet ex­ movies, play slot - machines and patronize ha~ pushed. ~~ough ind~strialization ~nd pansion without makillg unlimited commit­ taxi dance halls; in one . way or anotber, ridden out its political consequences, Russia . inents to an ant1.:soviet crusade, to invoke they try to cure their discontent by narcotics would tie confronting tlie· world with much . power to counter power without engaging .in rather than by surgery. Thus they are rarely ·the same immediate problems of expansioii­ sense1e·ss intimidation; to encourage ·the swept by the proper ·mass emotions. The with the same thrusts into Western Europe, growth of the democratic left. The per- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9635 formance has often fallen below the concep­ atomic war or deliver it into totalitarian Third, I am for the traditional com­ tion; but the direction has been correct. darkness. · petitive market as against Government Men like Ben Cohen, Dean Acheson, Charles The intellectual must not be deflected Bohlen have tried to work out details and from his responsibility by inherited dogma. interference. I am for a competitive whip up support for this admittedly risky It is clear today that Marx's method was market and, therefore, I am against Gov~ program. often better than his own application of it. ernment price fixing and controls. It is risky. It may at any moment tumble Experience is a better master than any Again I know the liberals and the over into the ideological crusade. In addi­ sacred text. The experience of a century ADA'ers want Government price fixing tion, its proponents must combat the death­ has shown that neither the capitalists nor and controls. We can have our debate wish of the capitalists, as exemplified by Mr. the workers are so tough and purposeful as on that. But, I think the American peo­ Kennedy, and the befuddlement of the fel­ Marx anticipated; that their mutual bewil­ ple are not on their side. We will find low travelers, as exemplified by Mr. Wallace, derment and inertia leave the way open for both of whom unite in opposing a policy of some other group to serve as the instrument out-I realize that, but the only way resistance to Soviet expansion. The triumph of change; that when the politician-man­ that this matter can be clearly faced of either the Kennedy or the Wallace views, ager-intellectual type-the New Dealer-is is to stand up for a free competitive if there is much difference between them, intell1gent and decisive, he can get society market as does the ACA, and I take my would mean the triumph of the radical ex­ to move just fast enough for it to escape hat off to them on that. pansionists in the Politburo, for it would breaking up under the weight of its own Fourth, I am for local self-government remove all present obstacles to the Soviet contradictions; but that, when no one pro­ as against Central Government inter­ conquest of Europe. vides intellectual leadership within the But can the United States embark on any frame of gradualism, then the professional vention. I am for all of us being left program of resistance to Soviet expansion revolutionist will fill the vacuum and estab­ alone and for the citizen's right to be without itself moving toward fascism? There lish a harder and more ruthless regime than left alone. ram against National Gov­ is certainly a shortrun tendency in critical the decadent one he displaces; and that the ernment intervention in local and pri­ situations toward reliance on reactionaries Communist revolutionist is winning out over vate affairs and in the affairs of local as counter to Communists, because they are the Fascist and is today in alliance with an governments. So is the ACA. We are the only people who can match violence with expanding world power which will bring together on that. violence. In a divided land like China or every kind of external pressure to block the Fifth, I am for ownership. I am for Greece the non-Communist left, men who movement toward democratic socialism. believe in debate and civil liberties, cannot These seem to me the actualities of the private ownership as against Govern­ stand up for long against men, whether of day. If their acceptance means discarding ment ownership. I am for private own­ the extreme right or of the extreme left, who Marx, let us by all means discard Marx. Too ership and control as a means of pro­ believe in rifles. much leftwing political thinking is a form duction and distribution. Now the But over the long term the United States of scholasticism. We must make our own ADA'ers and, of course, the Socialists cannot develop a dependence on the right, prognosis. If you say that the intellectual and the Communists are not for private if only because the right is a bad practical is a frail reed upon which to lean, you are control of the means of production and investment. A program of containment re­ probably guilty of understatement. But at quires a ring of stable and satisfied countries least serious thinking is his job. Let him distribution and private ownership. around Russia--countries whose internal work at it for a time. He is more likely to I am against unfair competition by the well-being provides a first line of defense escape from his confusion than the capital­ Government. I am for private competi­ against Communist penetration. At this ist from his irresponsibility or the worker tive enterprise and so is the ACA. This stage in the world's history, the right cannot from his impotence. Serious intellectual di­ is a matter, being for private ownership, provide such governments. The very logic rection may give our politics a cogency and which is what I am for and so is the ACA of events may force even a rightwing gov­ a firmness which will maintain the equilib­ rium of forces and avert the war with and I applaud them on that Point. ernment in this country to support left­ The ACA is for individual liberty and wing governments abroad, just as the Tru­ Russia. If we can avoid this war, if we can man government is entertaining the thought contain the counterrevolution of the U.S.S.R. .against coercion. I do not want to be of giving Greece the New Deal it has driven within clearly marked limits, we have a pushed around and I do not know of any out of Washington. Far from leading to good chance to test the possibilities of a American citizen who does, whether it fascism at home, a program of containment peaceful transition into a not undemocratic be by means of a local ordinance or be may after a certain period lead to greater socialism. But, if our leadership and deter­ through the development of another Fed­ power for American labor. Just as it was mination falter, neither democracy, social­ eral law. Although, of course, we are so necessary to bribe the business community ism, nor anything else will have any more of a future than Hiroshima or Nagasaki. far from home that we find it very ea..sy to take part in the struggle against fascism, to put over Federal laws on our people. so it may be necessary to bribe the labor So let me conclude now, since I was movement to take part in a struggle against But I am for individual liberty and communism. Whatever else may be said interrupted by a quorum call, by reading against Federal coercion, and so is ACA. about a "permanent war economy," at least to you what was earlier involved: The Finally, I am for U.S. national sover­ wages are high, employment is full, and the ACA index. eignty and not for one-world govern­ economy is relatively stable and productive. Now if there is anything wrong with ment. Those people who are for one­ All this presupposes, of course, that Mar­ these seven principles, then I can be world government-again I say we can shall has not only the ability to develop read right out of the Congress. But on have a very healthy debate on this ques­ his policy but also the backing to carry it this I take my stand. tion with them. out. The backing, rather than the policy First, the ACA consistency index-!or itself, presents the serious question. A My colleagues, the ACA has been criti­ democracy is politically. unreliable at best; safeguarding the God-given dignity of cized on these seven Poil)ts. I happen to the American democracy is notoriously unre­ -the individual and promoting sound eco­ believe the ACA is right. I think the liable on all questions of maintaining· a con­ nomic growth by strengthening constitu­ time has come to present the American tinuous foreign policy. Between the irre­ tional government. people an opPortunity to make a choice-­ sponsibility of the capitalists, the confusion The argument is between socialism as if not right here today. I suspect from of the intellectuals, and the impotence of the against capitalism and a question of the the attention that is being given to this working class, there may arise a state of ir­ root morality of a socialistic economy debate and the attention that was given resolution which produces .a political through centralization. to this debate and the attention that was vacuum; and a political vacuum inevitably I say to you, my friends, the New given to this matter last week when the attracts activists--;-gangsters, terrorists, and Frontier, and this is what I am against, original charges were made, might cause totalitartans. if I understand the English language, is At this point the responsibility of the the people to wake up and make a choice intellectual becomes manifest. Someone not for the protection of the God-given if we can give them the opportunity to must serve as the custodian of honesty and dignity of the individual or our individ­ make a choice. clarity in a turbulent and stricken society. ual rights. So, therefore, I say to my colleagues, Someone must restore a serious sense of Second, and at this time i compliment I believe the ACA is right. Mind you, the value of facts, of the integrity of reason, the ACA for standing for all these things, now; there are those who would like to of-devotion to truth. Someone must provide but, secondly, the ACA is for sound cdticize the ACA through· ·some other intellectual leadership. As capitalism crum­ organization, for example, the Birch bles through the world, we know that any money and against inflation. I call the path which can preserve peace and free­ New Frontier inflationary and for big Society or some other fraternal or dom is narrow and hazardous. Our instru­ spending and planned deficits and all religious group. Others can do that if ments must be as precise as possible, our the rest of that fuzzy economic thinking they like, but I have been talking solely analysis as dispassionate, our conclusions as which is for inflation and against the about the ACA. honest and objective as we can make them. sound dollar. I take my stand there, as I have not gone into an examination, One false step may plunge the world into does the ACA. of course, of the record of some of the 9636 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD - HOUSE May 28 people that the gentleman from Cali­ arrogate unto itself to say that a Mem­ it averages a little less than that--and fornia castigated as having been con­ ber's vote is for liberty or not for liberty? the various organizations that put· out tributors. I think we can do that at the As one Republican stated: "I was for a voting guide will select 12 or 14 out of proper time. But I think it is clear that liberty 60 percent of the time. I wonder the 100 votes cast and use that as crite­ the ACA stands for principles that most where I was the other 40 percent." ria. One of the important things is, constitutionalists observe and ones to Mr. ALGER. The gentleman has Why do they select these 12? Is there which I subscribe. established that it is a nonpartisan or­ any significance to the selection of these Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the ganization, which is the way it ought 12 out of 100, and what sort of a pattern gentleman yield? ·to be. does that give us to understand what Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, will the their economic and political philosophy man from Ohio. gentleman yield? is? Yes, I think the ACA and the ADA Mr. HAYS. The question I have Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ seem to present two almost divergent wanted to ask the gentleman all day has man from Missouri. voting guides in .economic and political to do with the ACA. This brochure Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I want to philosophy. they put out from time to time says cer­ compliment the gentleman for taking the Incidentally, I was very happy to be tain Members because they vote a cer­ floor at this time and conducting a listed by the ACA as one who voted con­ tain way are against the Constitution. debate on this very important issue. servative. I thought I was conservative, Who decides what legislation is against I was distressed to read in the CON­ but sometimes I wonder, on some of the the Constitution and what is for it? GRESSIONAL RECORD an attack on the issues. But, that is wholly incidental. Mr. ALGER. Even as COPE, the members of the organization, rather I certainly was interested in the fact AFL-CIO, or every American citizen, than the · issues and the principles for that one of my newspaper people from every group as a matter of fact, can which it stood. the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, which tends decide and set up its own yardstick. The reason I intervene at this point to think in its editorial policy along the The ACA has yardsticks which the gen­ and ask the gentleman to yield is: I have line of the Americans for Democratic tleman may not like. He may like been concerned, as I think many of our Action, should take the occasion to call COPE, AFL-CIO, with whom he is affil­ colleagues have been, over a period of me and ask me whether I was going to iated-- years with the development of various accept an award from the ACA. I said: Mr. HAYS. I will do my own affiliat­ voting guides. I think the first one I saw ing. I am not affiliated with either of Well, why are you calling me on this? came out through the Ariiericans for I have been wanting to discuss with you them. Democratic Action around 1948. The some of the issues before this Congress, such I do not question a group that puts PAC voting guide came out about the as the debt limitation, tax bill, and some of out a brochure that a Member has voted same time. Probably it is a healthy these major economic issues. Why have you with me or a Member has voted against thing for various organizations, whether people chosen to call me on the subject of me or a Member has voted the way I be­ whether I would accept an award from the lieve or not, and has voted for or against they be these, the American Farm Bu­ ACA? an organization. But this organization reau, that has a voting guide, and others, to come out with these guides. Of course, I said that I happened to have read the is different. They say that Member CONGRESSIONAL RECORD where the ACA "X" has voted against the Constitution. as I understand it, they are expressing their own viewpoints and their evalua­ was attacked, and the question was pri­ My question is, Who decides what is marily ad hominum, not on issues. What against the Constitution and what is for tion of the issues that come before the Congress. comes to mind, because this was a well it? I think that is a fair question. planned attack, I might say a lot of re­ Mr. ALGER. The members of the I have failed to do some homework I assigned myself for this Congress, but I search has gone behind it, is the next step ACA decide on their construction of the to be taken. It was, of course, that any­ Constitution, as does every Member of hope to do it. I have collected the ADA this House and every American citizen. guide, also, now, the Americans for one who would accept any such award Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr. Constitutional Action guide, and others. therefore, would be for the ACA or some­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? I have been studying them because I one in the John Birch Society. I think Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ want to bring out the techniques used by the Gerald L. K. Smith crowd said some­ these and various other organizations in thing nice about the John Birch Society. man from California. So, we have had an ad hdminum ap­ Mr. TEAGUE of California. I think publicizing to the public, particularly during election time, what their criteria proach instead of discussing the issues it might be pertinent to point out that of what these organizations stand for. I the ACA makes this statement: are. The one group I praised the most for being fair, according to my standards might say I am not a member of this The awards announced here do not imply of fairness, in setting out their guide­ group, and I daresay very few of my col­ that the recipient is in complete agreement leagues are members of these various with all the principles supported by Ameri­ lines, was the Americans for Constitu­ cans for Constitutional Action; nor does it tional Action. They devoted a lot of groups that put out voting guides imply any commitment to support those effort in the beginning to explain how whether or not by coincidence we happen principles in the future. The Americans for they compiled that record, not whether to agree with their philosophy. If the Constitutional Action does not and will not they were right or wrong, whether they philosophy is as expressed by ACA, and impugn either the patriotism or the probity disagreed or agreed that on what they the gentleman read it accurately, I think of those legislators who do not agree with said was a right vote, but they wanted the I agree with it, but there arP- certain its views. reader to realize what the principles were features of it that I disagree with rather Let me say that I by no means have a that they were using as a guide. basically. 100-percent record in this organization. I have felt that many voting guides Mr. ALGER. I thank the gentleman. I voted for foreign aid, I voted for the actually have taken strange votes out of I would like to rejoin by saying that I U.N. bond issue, for college construction, context--for instance, the COPE tech­ agree with the gentleman, and so that and other issues with which this organi­ nique, if you are not for this, you are we will be utterly fair, I do not stand zation does not agree. But it seems to against humanity, as opposed to what here or now or at any time as saying me appropriate to recognize that it is has been suggested here, that the ACA that these legislative issues are absolutely a responsible, conservative organization says if you do not agree with us, you are accurate as to the chosen legislation. I which does not demand 100 percent obe­ not for liberty. If anybody were to in­ will put in the RECORD at this point the dience to its views. terpret their voting guide and there was six points that ACA uses, where they even Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the a basis for this conclusion, I would join try to wash out so-called party votes gentleman yield? in criticising this; because, of course, it and the other reasons, I will put in the Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentleman should not be put on the basis if you do RECORD at this point the yardsticks they from Ohio. not agree with us, you ·are against liberty use for picking the issues. Mr. HAYS. I am not quarreling with or you are not for the Constitution. In arriving at the final decision on a anybody getting an award from the ACA. My concluding remarks are these. specific piece of legislation, the follow­ I think the statement the gentleman has One of the most interesting things in ing considerations are carefully weighed: read is fine. The question still remains voting guides is that we have a record First. Every effort is made to identify in my mind: How can any organization vote on about 100 items each Congress- the decisive vote on the measure. This is 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9637 not necessarily the vote on final passage lected issues are in a specific area of fifth column was working in the American legislation. For me to say that it was Military Establishment. It continued: nor the vote on adoption of a confer­ "• • • it also appears to have been wide­ ence report. It may well be the vote on because of my h1gh rating in the ACA spread pressure from rightwing generals and a motion to recommit. In general, only index that I received a big vote is admirals in the Pentagon which brought the decisive vote on a specific measure inaccurate. about the recall to duty of Gen. James Van is tabulated. Mr. Speaker, my good friend and col­ Fleet. It is common knowledge that General Second. The total money value of the league, the gentleman from California, Van Fleet has himself been a member of the authorization and/or the appropriation Mr. HoLIFmLn, made mention of the extreme wir..g (board member of For America, and their probable effect on the stability fact that in his district he won by 30,000 endorser of' the Florida Coalition of Patriotic Societies, board of advisers of H. L. Hunt's of our currency. votes and he thought that was because Life Lines) • • •. All that the recall has Third. The initiation, continuance, or he had a low rating with the ACA. I accomplished is to embarrass the administra­ extension of spending or control pro­ could come back and say that in my tion's Ambassador to the United Nations." grams into areas clearly reserved for the district I have a zero rating with the Van Fleet, Army consultant on guerrilla States, or for individuals, by the provi­ COPE and a 98 percent rating with ACA, warfare, blamed Ambassador Adlai E. Stev­ sions of the Constitution. and I won in my district by 85,000 votes. enson for the U.S. faPure to provide air sup­ Fourth. The political and/or economic I could not attribute that to either one port in the Bay of Pigs invasion and said effects of continuance of temporary of those ratings. he would have fired him. emergency programs after the emergency Mr. Speaker, I have been greatly con­ That is why they did not want Gen­ has passed. cerned in the last few days about this eral Van Fleet back-because he jumped Fifth. The ultimate effect of measures sudden attack on the floor of the other on Adl ... i Stevenson for the failure at the which may affect the maintenance of a body, as well as the attack that was Bay of Pigs and demanded that General balance of power between the executive, made here last week by my own col­ Van Fleet be fired. Had I been President legislative, and judicial branches of leagues, and I began to wonder why. of the United States I would not have Government. Where did this come from? Then my fired Adlai Stevenson because I would not Sixth. So-called party votes, that is, good friend, my colleague, the gentle­ have hired him in the first place. those which are palpably politically par­ man from Indiana [Mr. BRADEMAsl cited 2. "The radical right and the Attorney tisan and do not involve fundamental the book "The Far Right,'' written by General's subversive list" was dealt with issues. . These are excluded from the Bernard Eismann and Mr. Janson. The next. tabulation. gentleman from Indiana quoted a little "The Attorney General's list of subversive Mr. Speaker, I want to say further­ bit from that book. However, permit organizations is lending aid and comfort to and I thank the gentleman from Missouri the radical right. Although the radical right me to quote a little bit from the book. poses a far greater danger to the success of for his remarks-that I, too, am not a I thought it must be a pretty good book this country in its battle against interna­ member of these groups. However, when and so I went right down to Brentano's tional communism than does the domestic we see this guilt by association-and and I bought it. Communist movement, the latter has been that seems to be the situation here be­ So, beginning on page 227, I want to branded subversive by the Government and cause the conversation on the floor the read a little bit from that book: the former not • • •. The list today is al­ most like a Good Housekeeping seal for other day seems to be about another In the fall of 1961 Walter Reuther, presi­ group, the John Birch Society. I am the radical right • • • and as long as it dent of the United Auto Workers Union and exists it should not remain one-sided and not a member of the John Birch Society; a vice president of the AFL-CIO, discussed permitted to work in favor of the radical but I must say that if you judge groups the matter with Attorney General Robert ri;;ht." by their enemies and opponents they Kennedy and promised to write a memo­ "It might be advisable," continued the must be pretty fine people. randum for him. That memo, a 24-page memo, "for the Attorney General to announce However, Mr. Speaker, I am not here blueprint for action against the extremists, at this time that he is going to investigate was submitted to the Justice Department on one or more of these organizations with a to talk about other fraternal or religious December 19, 1961. It had been prepared organizations. Perhaps some of the view to determining whether charges will be · by Reuther's deputy, his brother Victor, who . filed and hearings held on the question of Members of the House belOng to various said in an accompanying note: "We are listing one or more of these organizations. organizations and have made contribu­ hopeful that this memo may have some The mere act of indicating that an investiga­ tions to them. value to you in focusing attention upon tion wm be made will certainly bring home Mr. Speaker, I tried to present what possible administration policies and pro- to many people something they have never I think the ACA is attempting to do and . grams to combat the radical right." The considered-the subversive character of these Reuther brothers wrote that five areas need­ · organization8 and their similarity to listed identify myself with their principles and ed immediate attention- I maintain my right at any time to do groups on the left." this. There was this vote the other day Now, Mr. Speaker, one must remember One specific proposal was that FBI agents that this Victor Reuther is a man who infiltrate ultraright organizations to deter­ where I found myself voting with the mine if their actions could be classified as more liberal Members of the House on an spent some time in Soviet Russia and subversive. amendment to the Internal Security Act. wrote home some communications, one 3 . "The fiow of big money to the radical Who knows? This may be wrapped of which was telling friends to continue right should be dammed to the extent pos­ around my neck by the ACA, and that the fight for the Soviet America. sible." Mr. Speaker, here is the chief adviser The proposal: is their privilege. But in my own way I "As funds are a source of power to the am attempting to be impartial by voting of the Justice Department speaking on radical right, action to dam up these funds my convictions. . how to handle the extreme right, or at may be the quickest way to turn the tide Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, will the least the right wing. However, they now running in their favor." The memo­ gentleman yield? have introduced the adjective "radical." randum suggested that tax exemptions be Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentleman Everyone knows that the word "radical" carefully checked, that lists of major donors from California. is not good in the hearing of the Amer­ to the far right be made public, and that ican people. If they can add that word the Federal Communications Commission Mr. U'IT. Mr. Speaker, I was some­ check radio and television stations carrying what amazed at the concern exhibited "radical" to the word "right," they then far right propaganda but listing their pro­ by the Democrats over the circulation have besmirched the word ''right." grams as religious, news analysis, or public of an ACA rating index. I have had That is used continually through this service. It said that "Know Your Enemy," the COPE index and the ADA index book. The first recommendation of the a 5-minute 6-day-a-week radio program on brothers Reuther was that "the radical WEAM, Washington, would be a good place in my district for the last 12 or 14 years to start. The program's commentator had and it has not given me any concern right within the Armed Forces presents an immediate and special problem re­ ·said that "Gus Hall of the Communist Party that I was rated zero in that report. I had a plan for staffing the Kennedy admin­ do not think the fact that I was rated quiring immediate and special meas­ istration with his followers and that it was zero makes me a bad Congressman. ures." already working successfully." On the other hand, Mr. Speaker, I Under this heading Reuther recommended Before the memorandum was submitted, have had ratings of 97 percent or 98 that Secretary McNamara investigate the ex­ the Internal Revenue Service had begun a tent of radical right influence in the military review of organizations incorporated as tax­ percent with the ACA and I do not think himself. The memo recalled the Army's re­ exempt religious cir educational groups to that necessarily makes me a good fusal to accept a resignation General Walker determine whether any were dispensing po­ Congressman because each of those se- submitted in 1959 when he charged that a litical propaganda. CIX--607 9638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 The memorandum also suggested: meeting of the Harvard, Yale, and Princeton making a financial racket of the right against 4. "The administration should take steps clubs: . communism * * *. They're in it for money." to end the Minutemen." "Conservatives must beat off the idiots The National Council of the Episcopal 5. "The domestic Communist problem that are always attracted to a movement in Church urged Episcopalians to examine the should be put in proper perspective for the its beginnings. The idiots are being drawn "motivations and methods of those who prof­ American people, thus exposing the basic toward the conservative movement now just it from the business ·of attacking the fallacy of the radical right." as they were attracted to liberalism in the churches." In this section Reuther made a point that 1930's. There are always people who will But the profiteers are formidable adver­ had long concerned the liberals. go off on a tangent if they don't think their saries. They have had time to lay the "The Director of the FBI, Mr. Hoover, even ideas are being carried out to the letter. I groundwork. Their torrent of "documen­ though he made an admirable recent state­ mean any group that goes to extremes. I'm tation for members and prospective follow­ ment concerning the radical right, exagger­ a member of the American Legion and I can ers continues unremittingly. Much of this ates the domestic Communist menace at remember when it practiced some of the fiock now knows that all criticism of them every turn and contributes to the public's things we object to in the John Birch So­ is part of a plot to soften them up for the frame of mind upon which the radical right ciety. My chief objection to the John Birch Communist takeover. As a woman member feeds. Assistant Attorney General J. Wal­ Society is its leader. He is intemperate and of a Chicago chapter of the John Birch So­ ter Yeagley, who continues in charge of in­ unwise. I wish he would step out so the ciety remarked, "They are really doing a job ternal security matters, has always max­ fine, responsible people who are members on us. Some people won't even talk to me imized the domestic Communist menace. could take charge." any more. They think I'm crazy." She There is no need of a further effort to But tens of thousands still believe in the knows she isn't. The newsletters and pam­ dramatize the Communist issue. The need far right gospel and still slip dimes and dol­ phlets she reads and the tape recordings now is to rein in those who have created lars into envelopes addressed to Robert she hears at the monthly meetings tell her the unreasoned fear of the domestic Com­ Welch, Billy James Hargis, and other far she is right and the "duped" are wrong. munist movement in the minds of American right organizers. This had been anticipated people and slowly to develop a more ra­ in the Reuther memorandum: "As the radi­ If you will read the RECORD of last tional attitude toward the strength of this cal right cannot be wished away or ignored, Monday you will find how Members very movement. Without forbidding dissenting likewise its demise is not something that can carefully listed the subscribers to the officials from expressing a contrary viewpoint be readily accomplished. The struggle Americans for Constitutional Action and (and thus evoking charges of muzzling against the radical right is a long-term af­ Hoover, etc.), any effort to take a more real­ fair: total victory over the radical right is to the For America, and to the Birch istic view by leaders of this administration no more possible than total victory over the Society, and to some of the other organi­ would probably cause most of the adminis­ Communists. What are needed are deliber­ zations. Then it says: tration officials to fall into line and even ate administration policies and programs to The domestic Communist problem should some legislators might be affected thereby. contain the radical right from further ex­ be put in its proper perspective for the Fifteen years of overstating a problem can­ pansion and in the long run reduce it to its American people, thus exposing the basic not be reversed overnight, but thoughtful historical role of the impotent lunatic fallacy of the radical right. handling can reduce tensions and miscon­ fringe." ceptions in this area too." This was followed by a footnote: "Private In their book, of course, Mr. J. Edgar In a note accompanying the memoran­ agencies can do much to identify and expose Hoover is quoted in one place. Let me dum, Walter Reuther wrote "This is not a the radical right. Indeed, in the long run quote what he said in an address to all problem that can be swept under a rug. the extent of participation by private agen­ enforcement officials on March 1, 1960: The administration can no more combat the cies in this struggle is more likely to deter­ It is indeed appalling that some members radical right by being 'tough on domestic mine its outcome than anything the Gov­ communism' or appeasing radical right gen­ of our society continue to deplore and criti­ ernment can do. The press, TV, church, cize those who stress the Communist danger. erals than the Republican administration labor, civic, political and other groups whose was able to fight McCarthyism by its own What these misguided "authorities" fail to constitutional freedom is directly involved realize is that the Communist Party, U.S.A., excesses in this area. It is very late in the must carry the prime burden in this strug­ day to start dealing with these problems, is an integral part of international com­ gle." munism * * *. Public indifference to this but it will never get any earlier." But private action to counteract the ex­ No formal action was taken on the sug­ threat is tantamount to national suicide. treme right frequently has been weak. A Hol­ Lethargy leads only to disaster. gestions, although the document was read lywood rally in support of the United Na­ by key members of the administration and tions and free speech found few supporters. The memo goes on to lay out a blue­ circulated to sympathetic Congressmen. One movie star was quoted as saying, "I print for the destruction of the anti­ The Defense Department opposed political don't want to get involved in anything more anti-Communists in accordance with the probes in the armed services. Calls for a controversial than a charity for crippled chil­ congressional investigation of the activities memorandum issued in Moscow in De­ dren." Some were intimidated by the bomb­ cember 1960 when Gus Hall came back of the far right were rejected. ing of the homes of two California ministers J. Edgar Hoover, whose book "Masters of who had spoken out. Others who preached to this country with instructions stating Deceit" has been a favorite of anti-Commu­ good sense from their pulpits, and there that his first job was to destroy the anti­ nists, counseled self-restraint among right­ were some in every part of the country, were anti-Communists. Here in this book we ists in the weeks after the President's victims of middle-of-the-night telephone have that blueprint worked out and in speeches. In 1962 he made his views on the threats. the 24-page booklet submitted by Mr. far right even clearer. Writing in the Jour­ nal of the American Bar Association, the When liberals and liberal organizations did Walter Reuther and Mr. Victor Reuther Nation's No. 1 G-man congratulated the speak up, in print or on the podium, they is the actual blueprint. I recommend if legal group for the approach it had taken usually limited themselves to attacking the you can get it and if it is not classified compared with that of the Hargises and evils of extremist tactics. They made little and absolutely top secret, you should get effort to slake the obvious thirst of the Amer­ Welches. He said: "Just because the Com­ that 24-page booklet on suicide and read munists have no respect for law and order ican public for information about the Com­ munists and communism. They continued it because here they say they distributed does not mean that we should retaliate in it to members of the administration and kind. Cries for legal shortcuts, vigilante to leave this important task to rightists, who methods and less reliance on legal processes, filled the vacuum with a distorted picture. certain friendly Congressmen who would though based on the most patriotic motives, The debate on the philosophy of the ultra­ probably carry on the battle in the legis­ are most shortsighted. Emotional out­ conservatives continued, however. Among lative Halls. bursts, extravagant name-calling, gross ex­ their most aggressive opponents have been There you have it, gentlemen-the aggerations hinder our efforts. We must be the clergy. The general council of the United reason for the sudden attack on the :floor very careful with our f4cts and not brand as Presbyterian Church assailed extremist tac­ of the other body and by my colleagues a Communist any individual whose opinion tics. Methodists were warned by Bishop may be different from our own. Today far Everett W. Palmer of Seattle of a "frightening on this :floor. It was an attack on what too many self-styled experts on communism likeness between certain anti-Communist they call the radical right, which I call are plying the highways of America giving movements now in vogue across America the conservative right. Of course, they erroneous and distorted information. This and events which transpired in Germany and try to equate it with the Birch Society causes hysteria, false alarms, misplaced. ap­ Italy prior to the rise of the Nazi and Fascist and some mention was made of some of prehension." regimes." The National Catholic Welfare the articles of the Birch Society. I ask Hoover praised the Bar Association's efforts Conference issued an 88-page booklet attack­ unanimous consent to extend at this to foster "high level, dignified, objective ing rightwing militants for fomenting what seminars on communism through the co­ it termed "a virulent form of disunity that point an article by the Reverend Francis operation of local bar associations through­ is dangerously weakening the Nation." In E. Fenton, a Catholic priest in Connecti- out the country." the booklet Father John F. Cronin, assistant , cut. He is a member of the John Birch At about this time Senator GOLDWATER, director of the conference's social action Society, and has been for years. He while defending the general membership of department, said he was "convinced that ends up by saying, "I do not hesitate to the Birch Society, told a joint Washington three-fourths of these extremist groups are reply: Join the John Birch Society." 1963 CONGRESSIONAL" RECORD-· HOUSE 9639

The SPEAKER _pr~ tempore. Without obliged to carry out any action or project.the society are among the finest it has · been is fulfillment of which would be contrary to his my good fortune to meet. These people, objection, it so ordered. conscience. Personally, I have never seen many of them too with extensive Catholic There was no objection. any project listed in the monthly bulletins schooling, see in the John Birca Society, · The article referred to follows: over a period of 3. years whose execution as do I, under God and together with the A CATHOLIC PRIF.ST COMMENTS ON THE JOHN would have violated the dictates of my con- spiritual and moral force of their ·faith, BIRCH SocmTY science. . ' the best hope and promise for the security (By Rev. Francis E. Fenton) Such, then, is a brief summation of the and survival of America and the liberation essentials of the organization, objectives and of our enslaved fellow men throughout the While the John Birch Society ls a mere 4 program of the John Birch Society, the de­ world. years of age at this writing-December 1962- tails of wh~ch are given in the numerous There are many Catholics who realize the lt is doubtful if, in the relatively short his­ publications of the society. Having read ever-increasing threat to them· and to Amer­ tory of this great land of ours, any individual just about all of these publications, having ica posed by the Communist conspiracy, or organization in America has been more met hundreds of the society's members (a who see in the John Birch Society an effec­ consistently attacked or maligned than has more commendable body of exemplary tive means of counteracting that conspiracy this society and its founder, Mr. Robert Americans one could not find, I feel sure, in and, in the process, of exercising the virtue Welch. As a Catholic priest who has been any other secular organization in the land) of patriotism and who would become mem­ a member of the society for some 3 years now and being well acquainted with many of bers of the society-but who hesitate to do and is well acquainted with its structure, them and having observed and participated so because of the notion that it is, or may operations and objectives, I feel that perhaps in the activities of the society for quite be, forbidden to them. This notion is com­ I can make some worthwhile contribution some time, I have been, and remain, at a pletely erroneous. The Catholic Church has to the cause of truth and justice by express­ total loss to comprehend how any patriotic taken no position nor made any statement ing some of my sentiments and convictions American or group of Americans would want either for or against the John Birch Society. in respect to the John Birch Society. to damage or destroy the John Birch So­ Nor is there anything in the organization or The John Birch Society may be described ciety or to discredit its widely-respected laws or objectives of the society contrary as an organization of informed, dedicated, founder. Yet such has been the objective, to Catholic faith or morals. I state this religiously-motivated Americans of all na­ on a large scale for about a year and a half, after 3 years of close contact with the society tionalities and creeds banded together for on the part of innumerable individuals, and its operations. Indeed, to any hard­ the purpose of executing, under competent groups and publications from coast to coast. core American patriot, Catholic or non­ direction, a concrete program of education, Such sustained, widespread and, in many Catholic, who asks what he can do, in ad­ and action toward the ultimate goal of less cases, bitter attacks may well be without dition to prayer and the · observance of the centralized, more limited government, more parallel in the annals of American history. moral law of God, most effectively to ~id in personal responsibility and a better world. Certainly the · Communist conspiracy, the crucial battle against the diabolical Because of the nature and power of the thoroughly committed, as it is, to the con­ menace of atheistic communism, I do not atheistic world Communist conspiracy how­ quest of America and the enslavement of hesitate to reply: Join the John Birch So­ ever, and its clear determination to enslave her citizens by whatever means necessary ciety. all mankind (a determination from which it to accomplish that purpose, has never been has never wavered and the realization of given anything resembling such treatment Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. which becomes more and more apparent), the by the various segments of the communica­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? il:pmediate objective of the John Birch tions media with a few notable exceptions. Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ Society from its inception has, of necessity, Other notorious organizations, some of man. been the containment, the conquest and the whose stated objectives are not likely to Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Do_ I un­ elimination of the Communist menance and further the well-being of this country, are derstand that the ratings of Americans the grave threat it presents to America and not only not criticized, much less attacked, all humanity. Communism, then, or, more by some of the same communications media for Constitutional Action are determined accurately, the Communist conspiracy and but are rather treated with much courtesy by the votes taken in the House of Rep­ the many factors and conditions and organi­ and .respect and quite favorably publicized. resentatives? zations which aid and abet its progress are But the John Birch Society, in many in­ Mr. ALGER. The rating is on legis­ the immediate primary targets of the John stances, has not been treated with even lative issues upon which we vote. Birch Society and will continue to be until, elementary fairness, a society which num­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Yes. please God, that diabolical monstrosity ls ·bers among its council and endorsers and Mr. ALGER. But, of course, the destroyed. members many of our Nation's most re­ yardsticks are laid down by the ACA The program of the society is a twofold spected citizens. Why? one, education and action. The education, The answer to this question varies ac­ as to how they would judge the votes. without which it is impossible intelligently cording to the particular individual or Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. You, in and, therefore, effectively to counteract the group launching the attack, but . I have your main speech here, started out to enemy, ls of course, a continuing process never read any criticism of the John Birch talk about liberalism, socialism~ and and consists mainly in the reading of nu­ Society or its principles or tactics or aims, communism. merous recommended books and other pub­ regardless of the source of the criticism, I wonder if the ACA considers social lications the total impact of which ls an which has impressed me or caused me to security an attack on the Constitution evermore comprehensive understanding of question either the society or my member­ of the United States. such subjects as America's history and form ship in it. The Communists and their con­ of government, the free enterprise system scious supporters have severely and con­ Mr. ALGER. The ACA is what I and the part of personal initiative, individ­ stantly maligned and attempted to discredit started to talk about. I can assure the ual responsibility and the principle of sub­ and destroy the John Birch Society, but _gentleman that what I tried to do, if he sidiarity In the notable success of that no comment is necessary in this case. In­ . had been here to hear me- system, the nature, tactics, aims and accom­ deed, it is to the great credit of the society Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. I have plishments of the Communist conspiracy that the Communist press and propaganda been here all the time. over the past· four decades, the nature of have seldom, if ever, been more bitter and Mr. ALGER. It was to relate the ADA Socialism, etc. ·A proper and adequate grasp vitriolic in their opposition to, and de­ of the overall picture results in an ever­ nunciation of any other organization. to the Communist platform, that I have deepening concern to do one's part to coun­ As for the attacks by the advocates of with me, and the Socialists. I am not teract the various evils of which the avid and socialism and more and more centralized saying Members who vote that way are persistent reader has become more and more government and by the one worlders and Socialists or Communists. acutely aware. The action program of the by the liberals in general, I have read noth­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Yes, but society follows logically and may, in gen­ ing to date from even the mos:t sincere of the gentleman did point out liberals and eral, he said to be twofold: one, getting one's these which appeared to me to be a sub­ Socialists and Communists, and then fellow-citizens to become similarly well in­ stantial and well-founded criticism. Nor formed; the other, the fulfillment of the was the Catholic press a mere observer in proceeded to defend the organization. series of projects by the members as listed all· this. Quite the contrary: numerous Mr. ALGER. What organization do and described in the monthly bulletin of Catholic papers and magazines saw fit to you mean, the ACA? the society. Based on the adage: "In unity criticize and attack, some of them severely, Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Yes. there is strength" the faithful execution of both the John Birch Society and Mr. Welch. Mr. ALGER. I was interrupted sev­ the various, specific projects each month by Here again I can only say, in all honesty, eral times. First I gave the ACA princi­ a united and dedicated. membership pro­ that I have read nothing in the Catholic ples. I have been working from them duces results which, in terms of infiuence - press from the beginning which would cause and effectiveness, could not otherwise be ob­ me to change my thinking one iota on the eyer since. I do not know that the gen­ tained. Although it bas been made unmis- ·· soundness of the John Birch Society and tleman was here. . takably clear· many· times in the· publica­ Catholic membership in it. Indeed, as I Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Let us talk tions of the John Birch Society, it is 'well · have often previously stated, many of the about principles. ,I asked the gentleman to note again that no member is ever -Catholics whom I know as members of the a question about social security. When 9640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 I first heard of social security I heard it their Representatives are voting here on that some of the members and supporters was socialism pure and simple. I want to the floor of the Congress and not what of the John Birch Society are also sup­ know if the gentleman considers that as they are saying when, they are running porters of ACA; therefore he concluded socialistic. for reelection, I think that is where the that ACA money is John Birch money Mr. ALGER. I would say to the gen­ shoes begin to pinch. and that ACA aims and goals are John tleman that I happen to know and have I believe that this organization, the Birch aims and goals. This type of rea­ in the handwriting of Mr. Bob Myers, the Americans for Constitutional Action, is soning is quite typical of the leftist, ADA chief actuary, the fact that social secu­ enlightening the people on some things groups. I know good Democrats, good rity is actuarily out of balance $298 bil­ by publicly analyzing voting records and Baptists, and Catholics and others who lions. I am for fiscal responsibility, this is the reason why some of my liberal support the John Birch Society and/or which means we need to balance the colleagues are squealing now. the ACA, but this does not bring about budget of social security. Therefore, if Mr. ALGER. I thank the gentleman. the conclusion therefore that all Dem­ the gentleman is asking this Member, Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, will the ocrats, Baptists, and Catholics are John and this has nothing to do with the ACA, gentleman yield further? Birchers, or that Democrat, Baptist, or where I stand, I say that until we bal­ Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ Catholic money or aims or goals are also ance the budget instead of passing it on man. John Birch money or aims or goals. I to unborn generations I oppose social Mr. HALEY. With respect to these am not now, nor have I ever been, a security. various organizations, the ADA and member of the John Birch Society, but Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Does the COPE and so forth, they are the first I do know a good number of fine, respon­ gentleman realize that social security people who begin to yell when you try to sible citizens who are either members or is a separate trust fund? prove guilt by association. Yet, on the supporters of the John Birch Society. Mr. ALGER. I can only assume that floor of this House last week, a group of I know a good number of fine respon­ the gentleman does not understand that people were trying to tie one organiza­ sible citizens who are Democrats and the $22 billion 1n that separate trust tion with another one. Now I do not who are Baptists. I also know some fund has been spent. There are only know who all of the members of the ACA Democrats, Baptists, Catholics, John IO U's remaining, and it is further in the are, but I will say this. You cannot find Birchers who are somewhat radical, in hole by $298 billion. any place where they attack ~ny one in­ my opinion, in their thinking, but I do Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The dividual. If the liberals are going to do not therefore. conclude that all Demo­ I O U's are obligations. these things and try to prove guilt by crats, Baptists, Catholics, and John Mr. ALGER. $320 billion against $22 association, let them get on a platform Birchers are "nuts." I point this out billion is what we are talking about. Is without the cloak of immunity that they only because I believe some of the con­ the gentleman intending to debate social have in this House and make charges clusions reached by a Member of this security? This has nothing to do with against the patriotism and against the body last week are very unreasonable the ACA. loyalty of these men. I think that is and unfair. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The gen­ only fair. I say, if that is what the lib­ I would also like to, at this time, com­ tleman approaches this first by saying erals want to do, go out and do it but do mend the weekly newspaper, Human liberalism, socialism, and communism. not wrap this cloak of immunity around Events, which recently came under Which does he consider liberal? you here. Go out where you can be attack. Mr. ALGER. I gave the gentleman a called to account for your remarks and In reporting the news, Htunan Events part of it. I gave him the ACA program. make these charges. aims for accurate presentation of the The gentleman obviously did not hear Mr. ALGER. I thank the gentleman. facts. It interprets events from the view­ me. The Brannan plan, the compul­ I would like to respond to the gentle­ point of the Founding Fathers, who be­ sory health insurance, the price and man's remarks ti9 this extent so that my lieved in limited constitutional govern­ wage control, repeal of the Taft-Hartley colleagues will understand. Since many ment, local self-government, private Act, and compulsory union member­ may not have had time to read the enterprise and individual freedom. They ship-I do not know whether the gentle­ statement to which I am endeavoring to believe those principles will preserve man supports them, but these are is­ make a rebuttal. The charge was made freedom in America. They report on sues I would disagree with, and which in this RECORD Monday that Members various national activities and programs are liberal, of the ADA. like me are doing the devil's work and vitally affecting the lines and freedom of Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, will the that I am a member of a lunatic our citizens and they report the news on gentleman yield? fringe-you see-this debate has gone members of both parties, Democrats and Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentleman up to this point, without name calling Republicans alike. from Florida. . and with that type of appellation. I do If the gentleman from California who Mr. HALEY. What the gentleman not need to ~ngage in that and I shall speaks so disparagingly and derogatorily from Texas was really trying to do, he not. I am just trying to remind the of this newspaper does not approve or merely quoted as he understood it the membership though, as the gentleman like the news and activities reported by objectives of certain organizations. He from Florida just pointed out, that we Htunan Events, maybe it is because the laid them side by side and they pretty could have gone into this thing a lot gentleman finds such facts and truths well balanced out. That is about what more thoroughly and, indeed, I think we embarrassing, not only to himself politi­ the gentleman from Texas was doing. should and I think it might be interest­ cally, but also the leftist view he rep­ In regard to who does what and how you ing to follow this debate further with resents and espouses. I would suggest judge your standing or how these people other special orders. that if in the future he continues to find at ACA arrive at the percentage of Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, will that this fine publication writes of activi­ whether you support the Constitution or the gentleman yield? ties which he disapproves, that the not, I think the record speaks for itself. Mr. ALGER. I yield to the gentle­ gentleman from California do one of two I think the gentleman from Texas is do­ man. things: either stop reading Human ing a great service in coming here and Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, I Events, or get his leftist supporters to debating, and freely and openly letting would like to commend the gentleman take' a more responsible, conservative, people know what he is going to discuss, from Texas [Mr. ALGER] for bringing and constructive approach toward solv­ not coming in here on the side, so to what you have here today before the ing the problems of this Nation and speak, and attacking the Members of House, as to what the ACA actually does assist in preserving our free enterprise Congress because some organization stand for. Referring to the remarks of system of capitalism, rather than trying wanted to honor those men by present­ the gentleman from Florida with refer­ to replace it with a regimented welfare ing them with an award. I think the ence to so-called guilt by association, I state of socialism, thus attaining more record speaks for itself. I think that would like to make just a few remarks. favorable mention in this good news­ this organization judges you on the basis Mr. Speaker, in a recent attack upon paper, Human Events. of the votes you cast here in the House the Americans for Constitutional Ac­ There is a goodly number of we con­ of Representatives. I think the gentle­ tion-ACA-and conservatives in gen­ servatives, both Democrats and Repub­ man from Texas will agree with me on eral, both Democrats and Republicans, licans, who believe that an all-knowing, this. I believe that by that method of a Member of this otherwise reasonable all-providing, all-powerful Federal Gov­ informing the people of America how and responsible body said, to the effect, ernment is contrary to the basic 1963 . '. ~ CONGRESS10NAL--RECORD - · HOUSE 9641 philosophy of. our American way· of ·life. c_~ives. H~ used the,. ~ord :' '_panm.oia." .a term mittee, to extend. for 2 years the Reor":' We believe . that any government big that designates a menta.l d~rder character­ g.anization Act under which the President ized' by delusions of 'persecution· and, likely, enough to give you everything you want ciehisions of one's own greatnes·s. . . is empowered to send up reorganization is big enough to take· everything you And "paranoia" is just the word ·to describe plans which, if within 60 days after the have. some of these fringe area rightwingers who receipt of those plans by the Congress I think that the American .people are go around spreading rumors, stirring up neither House of the Congress by a ma­ beginning to recognize some of these needless hatreds, scaring the. daylights out jority vote has disapproved the plans, things; and, as the gentleman .from of the witless, and, not incidentally, pollect­ become law. Florida pointed out, organizations like ing pots and pots of money. Everywhere they I opposed this extension of the Reor­ see a plot. They warn against the faceless the ACA are beginning to put the shoe "they." · ganization Act before the Rules Commit­ and the squeeze on some of the gentle­ However, it is not all paranoia. Much of it tee, and I appeared before the House men who go back to their districts and is simple lack of confidence. Those to whom Government Operations Committee talk one way and come up here and vote the hatemongers appeal have little faith in which had hearings on April 9 and April another way. · . . the resilience of the America they boast of 30, 1963, to testify against H.R. 3496, to I join those folks who are concerned loving. Out of one side of their mouths, extend the Reorganization Act until June and in fact alarmed at the radical ex­ they speak ecstatically about this great land 1965. I have filed. additional views in tremist organizations in this country. of ours and its great free people. Out of the the committee report together with Com­ other side,_they imply that Americans are a Particularly the leftist, pacifist Ameri­ bunch of saps who will buy any oddball mittee Colleagues STINSON and MCCLORY cans for Democratic Action, the ADA, ideology that comes along-including theirs. which I hope Members will have a concerns and alarms me in their con­ They fear what they do not understand. chance to study before they vote on this tinued work for and support of a socialist Leaders of the cult are usually well educated, bill. America. I believe that the pink­ often quite persuasive. But the mob that Let us make no mistake about it. The fingered politicians and the lily-livered follows, like the mob that followed the reorganization power that we grant to diplomats of the radical left pose a far Nazis, is usually uneducated, ill equipped to the President is legislative power. Any greater threat to our . freedom today detect the tortured logic that the leaders advance. Almost without exception, they reforms improving the operations of the than the so-called extreme right orga­ huddle in little groups-"we" against "they." executive branch of the Government nizations . . They see nothing lud.icrous about their de­ which do not affect or modify existing Mr. ALGER. I thank the gentleman mand to repeal the income tax law and in­ law, can be ordered by the President from Texas. That was as fine a sum­ crease mmtary spending. They see ·nothing without sending any plans to Congress. mary of what he believes in as I have amusing in their demand to get back to It is only when he wants to change stat­ heard, and it is a view I am pleased to constitutional principles and to impeach utes-when he wants to pass legislation, share. . Chief Justice Warren, hobble the Supreme in effect-that he sends up a reorganiza­ i would like to call to the attention of Court, and elimate the Bill of Rights. They tion plan. my colleagues the supplement put out by don't even laugh when the people who spoke of the Korean war as "Mr. Truman's war" Now, I say that we in the Congress this Human Events and an article en­ and as a "useless war" now cry for an inva­ should be jealous of our legislative power titled, "The Truth About the ADA." sion of Cuba, a showdown with Russia, and and not lightly or frivolously transfer it Many men are discussed in this. It is an end to peaceful coexistence. They do not to the executive. either right or wrong, and it ought to be think it odd that a speaker who fears all Mr. Speaker, I have voted on many the subject of debate here. sorts of conspiracies will demand that the ·civilian President keep his hand out of mili- occasions in the past to grant reorgani­ Today I have related my views around zation power to the executive. I voted what I believe, capitalism and U.S. sov­ tary affairs. . . One thing that worries Senator KucHEL is · 2 ·years ago to grant this power to Presi­ ereignty. I have also discussed the Re­ that these people have adopted, and cor­ dent Kennedy. I thought, having won publican form of government. All three rupted, the honorable name "conservative." the election on a platform that he had are under attack by the so-called liber­ Far from being conservatives, t~ey are radi­ presented to the country, he ought to als, who have been in power for some 30 cals, advocating sweeping changes in the es­ have flexibility and authority to reestab.­ years, yet now they are attacking the tablished American system. The Billy Hargis lish tht; executive branch of which he r&dical right when all the time they have and General Walker types who roam the became the head so as to carry out his had control. I do not know why they are land ask not that we return to_basic princi­ ples, but that we bend our national policy program. And, I would support an ex­ so nervous·except the fact that their pro­ tension of the plan now if a case were grams have failed. to meet a situation that longer exists, if it ever did. made that the President would u&e tP,at I h~ve been pointing out that the evils America has survived their kind before, Power to eliminate duplication, abolish of this administration are nothing new. rejecting the know nothings of pre-Civil obsolete functions, and reduce waste They are simply New Deal programs that War times and the McCarthys of post-World and mismanagement in the executive never· succee~ed. War II times. Yet they are ~lways with us, sometimes vocal, sometimes waiting in the branch of the Government. wings. It is a mark of American strength But, Mr. Speaker, I say to you that the CONSERVATIVES WHO REALLY that they have never really made any prog­ administration has made no case. The AREN'T ress. This should be reassuring to those peo­ only administration witness Harold Seid­ ple themselves. But it won't be, because man, of the Bureau of the Budget, ap­ Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, they couldn't see_the humor in it. peared before the House Government I ask unanimous consent to extend my Operations Committee on ·April 9 of this remarks at this point in the RECORD. year and described the operation of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there EXTENSION OF THE REORGANIZA­ act, but he produced nothing whatsoever objection to the request of the gentle­ TION ACT to indicate that there were any reforms woman from Oregon? The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL­ needed, that there were any reforms un­ There was no objection. BERT). Under ·previous order of the .der consideration, or that there was any . · Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, House, the gentleman from Michigan need for.this power at this time. In fact, ·I include an excellent editorial from the CMr. MEADER] is recognized for 15 min- my colleague, the gentleman from Illi­ May 18, 1963, editions of the Eugene, utes. · nois [Mr. ANDERSON]; a member of the Oreg., Register-Guard. The editorial Mr. MEADER. Mr: Speaker, I ask subcommittee, asked him if the adminis- directs attention of the readers of this unanimous consent to revise and extend . tration had any plans in mind, and he newspaper to the admirable speech re­ my remarks and include extraneous said nohe had been discussed with the cently made by Senator THOMAS KUCHEL matter. · President. on the subject of the "Frightful Right." The SPEAKER pro tempore. · Is there Yesterday, Monday, May· 27, only 5 CONSERVATIVES WHO REALLY AREN'T objection tO the request of the gentleman days before the expiration of this act on Senator THOMAS KUCHEL, California Re­ from Michigan? June · 1, the President sent up his first publican, has been getting a lot of mileage plan this year, Reorganization Plan No. out of a speech he made in the Senate the There was no objection. first of the month. He should. It was an Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, the Rules 1of1963. · excellent speech in which the Senator U!-lked Committee this morlling · granted a 2- What does this plan do?' It transfers about the hate groups and fear mongers who hour open rule on · H.~. 3496, ·reported ' from the Department of' the Interior·cer­ write about 10 percent of the mail he re- otit of the Governrile~t Opera~ions Com.- fain _housekeeping, . ri:taintenance, and 9642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 operation responsibilities with respect to power and use it for the pUrposes for Mr. HAYS. I do not want to debate the Franklin D. 'Roosevelt Library to the which the act was originally enacted;. With the gentleman about an of the General Services Administration. I that is, to consolidate or transfer func­ reorganization plans, because tlie gen­ think that is probably all right; in fact, tions for greater economy and e1Dciency. tleman sits on that particular commit­ when Congress passed the act establish­ But the record for the~ past 2 years-­ tee and obviously he knows more about ing the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in and . l ·think the gentleman from Ohio them than I do. But I hope the gentle­ 1939, that is exactly where we put this will have t.o agree with me on this-has man will excuse me for being a little housekeeping function-with the Archi­ been that the President has not used skeptical about commissions, boards, vist of the United States. Subsequently the reorganization power for the pur­ studies, · and so on. I am chairman the Archivist and the Public Buildings pose of improving the structure of the of the subcommtttee · of the Committee Administration were covered into the Gover~ent. on Foreign Affairs on State Department General Services Administration where Mr. Speaker, instead, the seven Plans personnel and foreign operations. Every they are presently, and if there had not that he sent up in the 1st session of the 2 or 3 years-usually about 2 or 3 years­ been a change made in 1946, Reorga­ 87th Congress all dealt with regulatory they have a committee to study the nization Plan No. 1 of 1963, transferring commissions and had the effect of en­ reorganization of the State Department. functions would be wholly unnecessary. hancing and augmenting the power of My experience has been that whatever How did that change come about? those commissions and contributing to the previous committee recommended, President Truman sent up Reorganiza­ greater political control from the execu­ such parts of it as went into effect, the tion Plan No. 3 of 1946, and in the sec­ tive branch of the Government by re­ new committee recommends that we tion of the plan that related to the moving the checks and limitations which throw it out and go back to the old sys­ Department of the Interior it vested in Congress had intentionally imposed upon tem. It is just like a pendulum. At the Department of the Interior these those regulatory commissions when we this point when one of those reports housekeeping responsibilities, including created those commissions and vested in comes up to me-and about the fourth collecting a charge of 25 cents admission them a vast concentration · of power; one is on my desk now-I say t.o the fee to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library namely, the executive, judicial, and leg­ gentleman, and hope the gentleman will Museum. islative powers of this Government. We excuse me, that I am a little skeptical I think this is a meritorious proposal created boards and commissions whose about all of these committee studies. and therefore today I have introduced members were required to be confirmed. two measures by which this transfer of by the Senate. We provided limited However, to get back to this particular functions can be accomplished without terms. We provided bipartisanship. plan, the gentleman thinks this ought resorting t.o the reorganization act. The effect of the plans sent up by this to be done, but the question is, How do One is a joint resolution which pro­ administration was to transfer to the we do it; is that right? vides that upon its adoption the pro­ majority of the board the power to dele­ Mr. MEADER. Yes. I think it is a visions of the plan would take effect in gate authority to subordinates in the very unimportant matter. Since 1946 10 days. The second, I incorporated in agency, not subject t.o scrutiny by the the janitorial services, and ·SO forth, at a bill the substance of the provisions of Senate, with unlimited tenure in office the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, have the reorganization plan. and, largely unaccountable to the Con­ been provided through the Interior De­ I suggest that we can act by legislation gress. The plans permitted the chair­ partment. Now we are going to have the more rapidly than we can by reorganiza­ man of the board to make assignments General Services Administration take tion plans, and at the moment I see weakening the minority check upon the care of the problem. nothing whatever undesirable about action of the majority on the board and Mr. HAYS. If the gentleman will these transfers. Such a bill or joint limited. the right of appeal of a person yield further, is not that the way it is resolution could be expeditiously con­ or company subject to regulation by the usually done? sidered by committee and probably would board. Mr. MEADER. It is a picayunlsh pass on the Consent Calendar. Mr. Speaker, the reorganizing power matter. I think it was sent up here Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ was used to increase the power of these only for the purpose of demonstrating tleman yield? administrative tribunals-by removing that the President needed this pawel" Mr. MEADER. I yield to the gentle­ restrictions and limitations imposed in­ and was going to consolidate functions. man from Ohio. tentionally by Congress to fores tall abuse I -say if this is the best reorganization Mr. HAYS. The gentleman is sayip.g, of power. I say that the Reorganization plan they can scrape up now 1fi the in effect, as I get it-and for once I Act was never passed for that purpose. executive branch they must not have read· one of these reorganization plans It was passed for the purpose of elim­ much need for the power. which had been sent up, and this one inating duplication and consolidating Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1963, was fairly short-the gentleman thinks functions, thereby cutting down on the sent up Monday, May 27, 1963, only 5 it ought to be done but he differs about number of people in the bureauacy and days before the expiration of the Reor­ the method of doing it; is that right? otherwise improve the efficiency and ganization Act, is patently a last­ Mr. MEADER. That is true; that is economy of the Government. minute attempt to prove that the reor­ exactly right. Mr. Speaker, the first seven plans had ganizing power is needed and that at Mr. HAYS. If the gentleman will nothing to do with that. Two plans least in this instance, it will be used to yield further, I have a great deal of were submitted in the 2d session of the consolidate functions by transferring respect for the gentleman's views on 87th Congress. One would have created certain housekeeping respansibilities these matters but, personally, I do not a Department Of Urban Affairs. This with respect to the Franklin D. Roose­ care how they do it, but it seems to me plan was defeated by a vote of 264 to velt Library from the Department of that it ought to be done in all respects 150. The other plan created the Office the Interior to the General Services in the same way. of Science and Technology in the Execu­ Administration. Mr. MEADER. The point I want t.o tive Office of the President. None of It is ironic that the only effect of Re­ make is simply this: Legislation by reor­ those nine plans, in my judgment, were organization Plan No. 1 of 1963 is to ganization plan is an unusual way t.o a proper exercise of the President's undo what was done by Reorganization legislate. I think the gentleman, if the power under the Reorganization Act. Plan No. 3 of 1946, and return to the gentleman will read my testimony and Mr. Speaker, I say when the adminis­ Archives and its present parent, the my additional views, will also be satis­ tration comes up here and asks us to General Services Administration, func­ fied that this method of legislating ratses give it some of our legislative power, tions vested in the Archivist by the act many problems, it being an anomaly in they first ought to have a case and, sec­ of July 18, 1939, which established the the legislative process. ond, in the light of the abuse of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Mr. Speaker, I think the sending up power in the past 2 years, we ought to Park, Dutchess County, N.Y. The func­ of this plan was wholly unnecessary and have adequate assurance it will not be tions conc.erned are described in Reorga­ I suggest it was sent up as it was yester­ abused in the future. nization Plan No. 3 of May 16, 1946, in day when the Committee on Rules was Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will ·the part IV, section 401, as follows: · meeting this morning on an extension gentleman yield further? · PART IV. DEPARTMENT or THE INTERIOR of the act only for the purpose of show­ Mr. MEADER. I yield further to tlie SEC. 401. CEaTilN. Ft1NCTIONS WITH RE­ ing that the President wanted tO use this gentleman from Ohio. SPECT TO THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT LI- 1"963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9643 BRARY.-The following functions are hereby in continuing to grant its legislative organization Plan No. 5, NLRB, if it had transferred to the Secretary of the Interior power .to the .Executive at the present been a bill, would have been referred to and shall be performed, subject to his di­ time. the Committee on Education and Labor. rection and control, by such omcers and Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1961 relat­ agencies of the Department of the Interior Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker, will the as he may designate: gentleman yield? ing to the Federal Home Loan' Bank (a) The functions of the Commissioner of Mr. MEADER. I yield to the gentle­ Board, would have been referred to the Public Buildings, under section 208 of the man. House Committee on Banking and Cur­ Act of July 18, 1939, 53 Stat. 1062, with re­ Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker I want rency; and Reorganization Plan No. 7 of spect to the care, maintenance, and protec­ to associate myself with the re~arks of 1961, for reorganization of maritime tion of the buildings and grounds of the the gentleman, except with respect to functions, if it had been a bill, would Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. have been referred to the House Com­ (b) The functions of the Archivist of the the recommendation that he makes as United States, under Section 207 of the said to the merits of this proposed reorgani­ mittee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Act, with respect to th) collection of fees zation plan. I have today introduced a eries. from persons visiting and viewing the ex­ resolution of disapproval of Reorganiza­ This points up the manner in which hibit rooms or museum portion of said Li­ tion Plan No. 1 of 1963. The reason for reorganization plans multiply jurisdic­ brary, excluding the fixing of charges to be filing this resolution was to set in motion tional conflicts between committees of collected but including the making of all the provisions of the Reorganization Act the House, which are bad enough with other regulations with respect to such col­ respect to bills and resolutions. lection. (Any funds derived from such fees of 1949 in order that the House Commit­ shall be paid, held, administered, and ex­ tee on Government Operations may be The committee system, which is so nec­ pended in consonance with the proviso in able to have hearings on the merits of essary for informed and wise legislation said Section 207.) this proposal. in our complicated society, is based upon the development of an expertise in the In the limited time since the submis­ These are limited functions which are proposed to be transferred from the membership and staff of the committee sion of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of a familiarity with the problems in th~ 1963, I have attempted to find out what Secretary of the Interior to the Admin­ istrator of General Services. This may a~e8: of the committee's legislative juris­ might have motivated the submission of diction, and has a unique and important this plan other than to demonstrate the be a meritorious plan or it may not be. I think, on the other hand it is some­ function in the formulation and develop­ need for continuing the reorganizing ment of congressional policies. power in the President. A search of the thing that could be handled' through the usual legislative method by presenting a The reference of a proposed reform or CONGRESSIONAL RECORD fails to reveal change in these fields to the Committee any message from the President urging bill and having it acted upon by the Con­ gress, after hearings by the appropriate on Government Operations, which can­ this earth-shaking reform, nor any bills m~t ~e expert in all fields, by the sub­ introduced or discussion on the floors committee of the Congress. I do not mission of the proposal through a reor­ of the Congress, and such casual in­ want to indicate my position one way or another on the merits of this proposed ganization plan: quiries as I have been able to make from First. Deprives the Congress of the ex­ colleagues from New York failed to dis­ plan by the resolution that I filed, but I pert knowledge and familiarity of the close any awareness of the existence of do want to indicate that the Congress appropriate legislative committee and its this problem, nor has a search of the should exercise its authority to have a staff with respect to the subject in ques­ Periodical Index revealed any public hearing before a committee. tion; statements indicating the urgency of I think further that the purpose of Second. Permits the Executive to cir­ any such reform, nor apparently any this resolution will be served by indicat­ cumvent the legislative committee and significant knowledge that any problem ing opposition to the extension of the its legislative policy; existed. Reorganization Act of 1949. I think the Third. Because of the limited time for Reorganization Act served a very useful It is reaching pretty far in the barrel study~lo days by_ the Government Oper­ to send up reorganization plans to trans­ purpose at the time we had the Hoover ations Committee---prevents the acquisi­ fer housekeeping functions and the col­ Commission and other commission8 rec­ tion by the committee through hearings lection of 25-cent fees from the Depart­ ommendations for promoting efficiency and otherwise of the best available ment of Interior to General Services and economy in our Government. I knowledge on the subject through wit­ Administration as proof that the legisla­ think that function has now been served nesses having special information bear­ tive power we have vested in the Presi­ and I think the act should be permitted ing upon the wisdom of the proposal; dent to streamline the bureaucracy needs to terminate by its own terms. If this and, to be continued. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1963 has Fourth. Because of the nature of the This transfer of functions, on the sur­ merit, we can nandle it in the usual proceedings for considering reorganiza­ f ace at least, appears at the worst to be legislative way. I do not favor the ex­ tion plans, forecloses any modification innocuous and at the best, to be desir­ tension of this extraordinary power, nor amendment, or perfection of the pro~ able elimination of duplication and over­ do I favor the Congress delegating any posal, which can be done through ordi­ lapping. of its authority or any of its prerogatives nary legislative processes and proce­ I have introduced a joint resolution to to the Executive. dures. provide that Reorganization Plan No. 1 My position in opposing this plan and In general, therefore, legislating by re­ of 1963 take effect lO days after the en­ filing a resolution of disapproval is to organization plan confuses the regular actment of the joint resolution. If this indicate my opposition to this surrender legislative process, raises serious ques­ plan is desirable, it would seem to me to of legislative authority by the Congress tions of interpretation and is a curious be important that the change take place to the executive branch. growth on: the body of our law. It per.­ before the end of the fiscal year. This Mr. MEADER. I thank the gentle­ ~its the thwarting of congressional pol­ could occur if Congress acts promptly man. icy by an aggressive bureaucracy and on my resolution. Mr. Speak~r. the reorganizing power leads to superficial and inexpert congres­ This would not occur, however, if the is an unusual power granted for tem­ sional consideration of national policies Congress were to take no action what­ porary periods by the Congress to by bypassing committees having expert ever and permit the reorganization plan the President for a specific purpose. It knowledge and familiarity with problems to become effective 60 days after its sub­ is a bad way to legislate in general be­ in a particular legislative area. · mission to the Congress, which would cause it circumvents the committees Until the administration is able to make be nearly 1 month after the com­ normally having jurisdiction over the a showing of a clear and present need for mencement of fiscal year 1964. s~bject matter of the plan, and gives this extraordinary legislative power, the Instead of establishing the need for Congress no opportunity to perfect the undersigned oppose . itS ·continuation. the reorganizing power to be continued plan by amendment, even for the pur­ The exercise _of the power in the past in the President, Reorganization Plan pose of correcting a tyP<>graphical error. 2 .years has clearly demonstrated that it No. 1 of 1963, because of its inconsequen­ Plans 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 1961 dealing i~ s~bject to abuse and gives ample tial character, seems to me to prove that "!ith SEC, FCC, CAB, and FTC, respec­ grounds for the belief that it may well be there are no present reforms of sufficient tively, if they had been bills, would have abused by the administration in the fu­ merit contemplated by the administra­ been referred to the House Committee on ture. The Congress permitted the re­ tion which would justify the Congress Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Re- organization power to lapse durin~ the 9644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 Eisenhower administration and at pre­ We have scheduled hearings to begin Mr. Speaker, I do not want to pre­ vious times. It would always be in a next week-on Wednesday, June 5. Our judge or guess as to what our subcom­ position to grant this power upon a show­ opening witnesses will be from the De­ mittee will find in its study, but appar­ ing that there was a need for its exercise partment of Agriculture. Subsequent ently there is, if not speculative hoarding in line with the purpose for which reor­ witnesses will represent all levels of the and manipulation, at least, a great deal ganization power was originally granted sugar industry, from producers through of advance buying of sugar by large by the Congress. users. ·users-and, perhaps, also by house­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time The price of sugar has soared since wives-advance buying, let us say, of the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. the start of the year, both on the world against further price increases. The re­ MEADER] has expired. market and here in the United States. sult is that such excessive advance pur­ There is a world shortage in relation to chasing is in turn causing excessive price demand, largely because of crop disasters rises. So my advice, for what it may be SUGAR PRICES AND SUPPLY in CUba resulting from the application worth, is for consumers and purchasers The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under of Communist theory to the realities of to buy only what they need-!or if the previous order of the House, the gentle­ sugar production. We buy no Cuban trend of the last few days continues, the woman from Missouri [Mrs. SULLIVAN] sugar, but the availability of Cuban sugar price is coming down. is recognized for 10 minutes. sugar, or lack of it, certainly influences Futures prices have gone down the Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, in view the world supply and thus the world daily maximum on the New York Coffee of the widespread interest among Mem­ price. and Sugar Exchange in recent days, and bers of Congress in the study now under­ But here in the United States, all evi­ spot prices also went down. way by the Subcommittee on Consumer dence points to the fact that we have all Mr. Speaker, the quotations for Thurs­ Affairs of the House Committee on Bank­ of the sugar we need-and the commit­ day, Friday, and yesterday are as fol­ ing and currency into sugar prices and ment for delivery in the near future of lows-and I call attention to the story supply, I think it might be helpful to sufficient additional supplies to give us they tell of what is, at least for a moment, present at this time some of the back­ a total for this year of far more sugar a falling sugar market; with October ground facts in the situation. than we have ever consumed. 1964 futures going at only at $8.90: Sugar quotations, New York Coffee & Sugar Exchange-Summary for May 23, 1963

Today Previous closings

Open High Low Close Yesterday Week ago Mont h ago

ContractJuly______No. 7 (D., bulk, duty paid) lots 748: ______13. 95 13.96 13.46 13.46 13. 46 11. 98a 8. 78/80 NovemberSeptember______•••••••• ------_ 13. 75 13. 78 13. 28 13. 28a 13.28b ll.85b 8. 73b 13.68 13. 70 13. 20 13. 20a 13.20 11.55 8. 64b March------·------­ 13.25 13.29 12. 79 12. 79a 12.80 11.17/20 8.09 JulyMay______•• ··-·------.______------______13.06 13.09 12.59 12.59a 12. 61 ll.05n 7.96n 12. 95 12.97 12. 47 12.47a 12. 50 10.95n September------12. 78 12. 79 12.29 12. 29a 12.30 10.85n Contract No. 8 (world lots 2,098:) July______11:80a.m. September ______13.45 13. 45 12.95 12. 95a 12. 95b ll.18b 7. 7 /80 12.98 12.98 12.48 12.48a 12.48b l-0.85b 7. 71/5 12.82 12.82 12.32 12.32a 12.32b 10.67b 7. 62/!i ~~~:.-:.:::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::: :: : : ::::::: : ::::::::::::: : ::: :.: 12.26 12.33 11. 83 11.83 ll.83b 10.22b 7. 08/10 MaY------12. 08 12.16 11. 66 ll.66a ll.66b 9.97b 6. 92b July___ ------12.01 11.55 11. 5la ll.55b 9. 75b 6. 83b September------_. _____ • ___ •• -_•• ------. -_------_-- -_------••••• ---- 11. 72 11.22 11. 2la 11.23 9.40b 6. 76b

Week Montb Price quotations May23 May22 previous to previous to date shown date shown r ~ , f" I

Raw sugar quotations, New York Coffee & Sugar Exchange-Summary for May 24, 1963

Today Previous closings

Open High Low Close Yesterday Week ago Month ago

Contract No. 7 (domestic, bulk, duty paid) lots 119: July______------·------12. 96a ------12. 96a 13.46 12.15b 8. 0 12. 78 12. 78 12. 78 12. 78a 13. 28a 11. 80/91 8. 74a ~~;=~ ~.::::: :: :: :: : : : : : : : ::: :: :::::::: :::::: ::::: :: : : : ::: ::: :: : 12. 70 12. 70 12. 70 12. 70a 13. 20a 11. 75/6 . 65a March ••• ___ _- -- __ --__ _- _------_- -- _------12. 29 12. 29 12. 29 12. 29a 12. 79a 11.38 .lOa May. ------12. 09a ------12.09a 12.59a 11. 25a 8.00a July____ • ___ • _____ • ------• --- • ----- • - -•• ------11. 97a ------11. 97a 12. 47a 11. 23a ------September ___ ------• ------11. 79a ------11. 79a 12. 29a 11.10 ------Contract No. 8 (world) lots 113: July__ ------12.45 12. 45 12. 45 12. 45a 12. 95a 11. 45/8 7. 70/2 11.98 11. 98 11. 98 11. 98a 12. 48a 10. 98/11. 00 7. 64/6 ~~~~::::::::::::::::: : :: : ::::: :: :::::: ::::::: : : ::: : : : :::: :::: 11.82 11.82 11. 82 11. 82a 12.32a 10. 82/3 7. 57/8 March ... ------.------11.33 11.33 11.33 ll.33a 11.83 10.33/9 7.05 May. ------• --• ------11.16 11.16 11.16 11.16a ll.66a 10.16 6.90b July___ ------11.01 11.01 11.01 11.0la 11. 5la 10.~ 6.82b September ••• ------10. 72 10. 72a ll.2la 9. 73 6. 75b 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9645 Raw sugar quotation, New York Coffee & Sugar JJJa:dhange-8ummary for May 24, 1969-Continued

Week Month Price quotations May24 May23 previous to previous to date shown date shown

Rawsugsr: No. 7, bulk duty paid, United States------12. 70 13. 20 12. 05 8. 80 ~ g: g: :g~}~-ciiiiiiii

Raw sugar quotations, New York Coffee & Sugar Exchang'e-Summary for May 27, 1963

Today Previous closings

Open High Low Close Yesterday Week ago Month ago

Contract No. 7 (domestic bulk, duty paid) lots 109: 1:95p.m. July------12.46a 12.46a 12. 96a 12. 58 9.00b September------­ 12. 28 12. 28a 12. 78a 12.30b 8. 96 November------~ ------­ 12. 20a 12. 20a 12. 70a 12.23 8.81 Marcb------11. 79a 11. 79a 12.29a ll.80n 8.40b May___ ---_------11. 59a 11. 59a 12.09a 11. 61n 8.25n July_____ ------11. 47a ll.47a ll.97a 11. 50b 8.00n September------ll.29a 11. 29a 11. 79a 11. 30n Contract No. 8 (world) lots 187: ------July______------______------_ ---_-_ -_ _ _ _ _ 11. 95a 12. 95a 12. 45a 11. 95b 8.00-8 September------11. 48a ------ii~48------ii~48- ll.48a 11. 98a ll.48b 7. 98-8.00 October__ ------11. 32 11. 32 11. 32 11. 32a ll.82a 11. 32b 7.84b March------10. 83 10. 83 10.83 10.83a ll.33a 10. 83b 7. 30-3 May_ •• ------~g: ~~: 10. 66 10.66 10. 66a ll.16a 10. 66b 7.15 10. 51a 11.0la 10. 55n 7.10 ~~~eiD.l:ier:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10. 22 10. 22 10.22 10. 22a 10. 72a 10. 23b 7.00 October_. _____ ------___ ---_------8. 90 8.85 8.90

Week Month Price quotations May27 May24 previous to previous to date shown date shown

Raw sugar: ff g: i; :~~~~~:;:~-~0~~~~=~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ______!~:~- ______!~:!~------~!:~------~:~ Refined sugar: Cane (New York basis) ____ ------16.30 16.30 15.05 11. 60 Cane (Chicago-west) ______-----______-----______------___ ----______------16. 50 16.50 14. 75 9. 70 Beet (Chicago-west)------13.25 13.25 13. 25 9. 50 Beet (eastern) ______------_ ---______-----__ --_____ ----______------__ ----- 13. 35 13. 35 13.00 9.60 Beet (Pacific coast) ______------______----______------______---- 15. 25 15. 25 13. 50 9. 70 United Kingdom, London, raw sugar c.i.L------12. 37 12.62 11.44 8.19

SUPPLIES ON HAND AND GUARANTEED So, Mr. Speaker, no housewife should LETTER FROM UNDER SECRETARY MURPHY Mr. Speaker, in preparation for our be fooled into buying extra quantities of Mr. Speaker, I submit at this paint the hearings, Chairman PATMAN of the Com­ sugar at high prices on the false assump­ full text of the letter and report I re­ mittee on Banking and Currency and I, tion that it is scarce. It is not scarce ceived today from the Honorable Charles as subcommittee chairman, have asked at all. S. Murphy, Under Secretary of Agricul­ the Department of Agriculture to obtain QUOTAS AND PERFORMANCE ture, in response to requests made by all of the material necessary to give us a One of the tables in the material, table Chairman PATMAN and me at confer­ complete report on the current status of, II, shows how each country with a basic ences earlier this week as follows: and future outlook for, sugar supplies quota has been performing so far this DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, and prices. Since much of this informa­ year. It will be noted that a number of Washington, D.C., May 28, 1963. tion, we were told, would have to come them have substantial deficits in the Hon. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN, from oversea sources, and would take sugar sold to us under their basic quotas, Chairman, Subcommittee on Consumer until early next week to put into usable but have sold us very substantial vol­ Affairs, House of Representatives form, we reluctantly agreed to wait until umes of sugar under the so-called global DEAR MRS. SULLIVAN: There is enclosed a the Department was ready to proceed. quota. statement on 1963 sugar supplies for the United States, prepared in accordance with Perhaps we should have insisted the De­ Argentina, for instance, has only pro­ the request you made of us during our con­ partment go on, ready-or-not, but I vided 9,000 of the 20,000 tons in its basic ference with you and Congressman PATMAN think the results will justify the short quota, but has shipped us or committed on May 27. delay. to ship us 217 ,000 tons Under the global Y'ou will observe that supplies already as­ In the meantime, Under Secretary quota-so we are getting 10 times more sured to this country amount to 10,287,000 Charles S. Murphy has today provided sugar from Argentina this year than its tons or more than 500,000 tons in excess of me with a letter and report giving the basic quota, but it still has 11,000 tons to the record domestic distribution of 9,754,000 latest information on sugar supplies. I go to fill its basic quota, and has prom­ tons in 1962. think this is an extremely useful docu­ ised that this will be fulfilled. Our sugar supplies are made available ment in showing that we now have more The promise and performance, if you under several domestic and foreign quotas. sugar on hand than a year ago this could call it that, of each country with Quotas for our domestic areas amount to time-with so-called invisible inven­ _a basic quota can be seen from table II 5,700,000 tons. tories-stocks held by wholesalers, re­ of the material from the Under Secre­ The foreign quotas approximate 4,700,000 tons. These consist of (a) basic country tailers, and industrial users-up 250 tary. quotas established under the Sugar Act for percent over a year ago, at 1 million tons Table III gives a month-by-month specific foreign countries, (b) the quota re­ compared to 400,000 tons last year at breakdown of actual deliveries and pro­ served for Cuba and now reallocated on a this time. spective imports for 1963. global basis to countries having the ability 9646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 to supply the sugar, and (c) deficits result­ price and distribution excesses of recent sent to the , foreign . supplying countries. ing from determinations that certain coun­ weeks. Data on quotas, quota charges and total tries or areas will be unable to fill all or part Sincerely yours, U.S. imports by countries of origin are shown of their quotas, which are reallocated to the CHARLES S. MURPHY, in table II. Republic of the Philippines and to exporting Under Secretary. Virtually all sugar to be imported under countries of the Western Hemisphere that the global quota of 1,725,000 tons has been are able to supply the sugar. SUGAR SUPPLIES FOR UNITED STATES, 1963 charged to the quota, thus assuring importa­ Of the basic foreign country quotas total­ Sugar supplies assured to this country tion by November 15. It is anticipated that ing 2,498,000 tons, the importation of 1,118,- some of this sugar will be imported at an 000 tons was assured by actual quota by foreign suppliers and available from do­ earlier date than shown in table III. charges by May 23. The Department has mestic areas in 1963 total 10,287,000 tons or Of the reallocations of deficits totaling 500,000 now received replies from inquiries sent out more than tons in excess of the rec­ 473,000 tons, 67.7 percent will be imported ord domestic distribution of 9,754,000 tons to foreign countries giving assurances that 52,000 in 1962. by October. When the additional tons they wlll send substantially all of the re­ promised by the Republic of the Philippines maining country quota sugar in accordance Of the g'obal quota of 1,725,000 tons less is charged, such charges will amount to 78.6 with the schedule of arrivals shown in the than 2,000 tons remained unallocated (or percent of the deficit declarations. attached table III. charged) to quota at the close of business Of the basic foreign country quotas total­ May 23. Of the 473,000 tons to be reallocated as a ing 2,498,000 tons, 1,118,000 tons or 45 per­ result of deficit determinations, all but 101,- Of the deficit reallocations totaling 473,000 cent had been charged by the close of busi­ 000 tons has been assured through actual tons, 320,000 tons have been charged to ness May 23 for importation not later than quota charges and the assurances given by quota and the Republic of the Philippines July. To obtain information on the remain­ the Republic of the Philippines. We have has given assurances that it would fill the ing 1,380,000 tons or 55 percent, inquiries reasonable expectations that a large part of 52,000 tons it had been reallocated. There were sent to all foreign supplying countries the remaining 101,000 tons will be offered remains, therefore, 101,000 tons to be re­ asking for the extent and time of their addi­ after harvests get underway. allocated to Western Hemisphere countries. tional shipments. The replies covered sub­ The global quota of 1,725,000 tons was Adjusted marketing quotas for the do­ stantially all of the remaining basic quotas substantially all filled by the close of busi­ mestic area total 5,703,000 tons. These are and the recent deficit reallocation of 52,000 ness Thursday, May 23. Thus we have as­ shown in table I. tons to the Republic of the Philippines. surance that more than ample supplies will TABLE !.-Adjusted quotas for domestic The arrival time of sugar by months under be available to meet all requirements for producing areas the several quotas in accordance with quota consumption and industrial usage and to [Short tons, raw value) charges made to date and indicated arrival permit a further material increase in stocks. Domestic beet sugar ______time of additional supplies are shown in 2,698,590 table III. Since this fact became known Friday morn­ Mainland cane sugar ______1,009,873 ing it is reasonable to believe that it was a Hawaii ______Visible inventories of sugar (stocks held by Puerto Rico ______1, 110,000 refiners, beet processors, and importers) at major factor in bringing about the price de­ 870,000 clines on Friday and yesterday which re­ Virgin Islands ______the end of April amounted to 1,621,000 tons, 15, 000 or approximately 83,000 tons less than at the sulted in the domestic spot price falling in Total ______5,703,463 end of April 1962. Invisible inventories those 2 days by $1.40 per 100 pounds. (stocks held by wholesalers, retailers, and in­ We are looking forward to working with Foreign supplies now assured total dustrial users) are believed, on the basis of your subcommittee in its efforts to bring out 4,584,000 tons of which 3,161,000 tons have distribution data since last fall, to approxi­ the facts about the sugar situation. Such been charged to quotas and 1,423,000 tons mate 1 million tons or to be around 600,000 information should go far in correcting the have been assured as a result of inquiries tons larger than they were a year ago.

T .rnLE II.- Sugar quotas for foreign co1.tntries and indicated additional o.fferings, calendm· year 1963, and charges to quotas by countn:es• c.o.b., May 23, 1963

Charges to- Basic country Indicated Total pro­ Country quotas, short Deficit re­ Total quota additional spective tons, raw allocations Global charges offerings import value Basic thousand quota short tons, raw value

Philippines____ ----_------___ _ 1, 050, 000 523 106 628 579 .1, 208 Dominican Republic __ ------______------336, 243 86 37 202 326 275 001 Peru_------_------_ 206, 243 212 262 256 418 Mexico ______-_____ --_------______---_--- ______243 lg~ ------ii6- 22 Brazil ___ _------______--_-- --_- _------_-- ______195, 793 329 15 34.4 o ------281 281 196 477 British West Indies __ ------98, 050 78 46 ------123 43 166 Australia------43, 339 11 ------175 186 33 '.ll8 -- Republic of China------38, 114 38 ------36 74 0 -4 French West Indies------32, 581 15 ------66 81 (1) 8L Colombia ____ ------____ ------______-----___ ------32, 581 0 ------!· 46 46 33 i8 Nicaragua ______------____ ------_____ ------__ 27, 048 14 ------15 29 19 48 Costa Rica_------___ -----______------27, 048 19 ------IO 29 (1) 29 IndiaEcuador ______------______--- ______--___ ---__ _ ------______-_ 227,.1, 823048 0 ------28 29 27 .~5 ------7- 102 122 0 122 ig 12 34 (I} HaitL------Guatemala __ ------____------______------_____------______------____ ------______--- __ _------______21, 823 34 20 6 19 46 (1) 46 South Africa ______------·------______21, 823 0 ------Ill 111 22 133 Argentina_------____ ----___ ----______20, 000 9 ------217 226 11 237 Panama______------______------__ 16, 290. ------2------1- 12 5 ]I) El Salvador_------11, 065 rn 19 (1) 19 0 ------0 0 l) ~~I~:fioD.d.UiM"_-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: ::: ::::::::::: ::::: : i8: ~~ 0 0 I) g :::::::::::: ------24- 24 Fiji Islands ___ ------__ 10, 758 11 35 Ireland ____ ----______------______000 5 (1) 5 Belgium ______------~ ______182 ------~- :::::::::::: ------g- 8 0 8 24 24 ------24 ~~=ii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: ::::::: ::::: ::: ::: :: :::: :::: :: :: :: :: 11 11 0 ll SouthernMauritius Rhodesia_------______----- ______------______------·------______------______------______----- _ 11 11 ------11 67 67 ------67 7 7 ------7 ~~~!:~e-1a:::::::: ::: :::::: :::: :: ::: ::: ::: ::::: =: :::::: :: ::: :: =::::: ::: :: = == ==: :: : := :::::::=~===:: ::: :: :: :: ::: =::: :: ======12 12 12 l-----~11-----1-----1-----1-----1-----·------1 ----- Total------2, 497, 434 I, 118 320 1, 723 3,161 1,~3 4,584 Quota balance ____ ------"'------1------_-_--_-_--_-_-_--_-_-:1---1_. aso__ l ____ 1_53_1 ____2_1------1·------1------Total charges plus balances_------____ ------2, 498 2 473 1, 725

1 No report. · . :i Total quota deficits: Republic of Philippinel', 157,618; Western Hemisphere countries, 315,827. 1963 · 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· . HOUSE

TABLE ITI.-Charges to calendar year 1963 sugar quotas and -indicated additional arrivals jro.m foreign countries by month 0j ~xpected _ . . arrival, c.o.b.,_May 23, 1963 [Thousand short tons, raw value]

Quantities charges t~ Quantities charges to- 1------i Total Indicated Total 1-----.-----,----i Total Indicated Total Month of expected quota additional prospec­ Month of expected quota additional prospec­ arrival I Basic Deficit Global charges arrivals tive arriva11 Basic Deficit Global charges arrivals tive quotas reallo­ quota imports quotas reallo­ quota imports cations cations ------1------11----1------1------1-----1---- January ______58 0 121 179 ------179 October------16 167 183 319 502 February. - _------169 0 169 338 ------338 November_------December ______------278 278 217 495 March.------245 2 120 367 ------367 ------66 66 255 45 152 452 ------452 ------u:~l--======: 215 124 147 486 ------·152· 486 Total prospec- June.------July______125 12 91 228 380 tive imports ____ 1, 118 320 1, 723 3, 161 1,423 4,584 August ______51 34 84 169 177 346 Quota balances'------1,380 153 2 1, 535 ------50 105 155 233 388 ------September_------37 289 326 259 585 Total quotas _____ 2,498 473 1, 725 4,696 ------' 1 Imports may be earlier than indicated. t Prospective importations within such balances are included in indicated additional arrivals.

LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR judged to be harassing or interfering been okayed. The Alaska Steamship has MAY29 with American-flag vessels on the high been a target for politicians for decades, as seas. has also been the big cannery interests. And Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Spea.ker, I ask the same goes for the big truck carriers unanimous consent to address the House bringing freight to Alaska from the outside. Just about everything else has advanced in for 1 minute. MARITIME COMMISSION DECISION The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there price, except raw gold, so why not freight objection to the request of the gentleman ATTACKED rates? from Arkansas? Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask The chief objection to the rate in­ There was no objection. unanimous consent that the gentleman crease came from the State of Alaska Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I take from Washington [Mr. PELLYJ may ex­ administration, actively encouraged by this time to announce to the House that tend his remarks at this point in the the Senator. It would appear that the the l~adership has programed for to­ RECORD and include extraneous matter. Senator is venting his personal spleen morrow House Resolution 368, that was The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there on his own party and administration be­ introduced on May 23d by our colleague, objection to the request of the gentleman cause they dared disagree with him. the gentleman from California [Mr. from Ohio? There was no objection. ROOSEVELT] and which I understand has A PROPOSAL TO JUNK THE been reported by the Committee on Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, last week REPUBLIC Rules. This resolution will be included the junior Senator from Alaska viciously as part of the program for tomorrow in attacked the Federal Maritime Commis­ Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask addition to the program already an­ sion, the Alaska Steamship Co. with unanimous consent that the gentleman nounced. headquarters in Seattle, and, by refer­ from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] may ex­ ence, the present administration, because tend his remarks at this point in the ·of a decision in a maritime freight rate RECORD and include extraneous matter. AMERICAN-FLAG FISHING VESSELS proceeding. The attack was noteworthy, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, I at once for its vigor and error, and like­ objection to the request of the gentleman ask unanimous consent to address the wise for a venomous indulgence in per­ from Ohio? House for 1 minute. sonalities, singling out the careers of There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there each Maritime ·commissioner. The fact Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, many objection to the request of the gentleman is that the Federal Maritime Commis­ Members of the House and, I assume, sion after prolonged and careful inves­ the Senate, were mildly surprised at the - from California? tigation has found certain rate increases, recent statements by the junior Senator There was no objection. which were made over 3 years ago, just from Arkansas, suggesting we eliminate Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, and reasonable. the constitutional check and balance American-flag fishing vessels have been The 3¥2-year delay in reaching a deci­ system in favor of an all-powerful Ex­ subjected to a series of indignities in sion was properly criticized by the Sen­ ecutive. The association of the senior recent years, in the. course of their efforts ator, but his extravagant description of Senator from Pennsylvania in this thesis to fish on high seas off the west coast of the effect of this increase and of the is less surprising. Latin America. The most recent effect of ocean freight rates in general Naturally their absurd thesis deserves harassment has occurred some 15 miles on the economy of Alaska is not borne public commentary and I feel the Chi­ off Ecuador. Two San Diego-based tuna out by the facts. The cost of living in cago Tribune, in its editorial this morn­ boats-the Ranger and the White Star­ the Alaska Railbelt or more populous ing, most effectively dealt with the sub­ have been 3 days under detention by an part of Alaska has actually gone down ject. Assuming there will be widespread armed vessel of the Ecuadorean Govern­ in the past 5 years as compared to other discussion and controversy as a result of U.S. areas, according to University of this proposal, I place the Tribune edi­ ment. Twenty-one other U.S. boats, torial in the RECORD as a practical and 20 of them out of San Diego, are also Alaska surveys. logical counterbalance to the senatorial on the scene, determined to protect the It is significant that not one commer­ duel: Ranger and the White Star from moles­ cial shipper or individual businessman A PROPOSAL To JUNK THE REPUBLIC tation. The situation is dangerous. saw fit to protest the rate increase be­ Never before in our history would a poli­ I have today introduced a bill to cause they recognize it as justified. Their tician in the position of Senator J. WILLIAM strengthen the hand of our State Depart­ position is well stated in this editorial FULBRIGHT, of Arkansas, have dared suggest, ment in this matter. It would empower comment from Jessen's Weekly, a Fair­ as the Senator has, that we scrap our con­ and direct the President of the United stitutional system of checks and balances banks, Alaska newspaper: and make it impossible for Congress to States to impose an embargo against We're glad to hear that the Alaska Steam­ thwart the President's plans. He would :fisheries imports from any nation ad- ship Co. freight rate hike of 2 years ago has have been instantly, almost universally, and 9648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 justifiably denounced as a traitor to ·the PORTSMOUTH NAVAL SHIPYARD It· is· indeed unfortunate that there principles upon which this Republic was Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask have been so many adverse reflections founded. cast on the work of many loyal shipyard Yet such is precisely the proposal now unanimous consent that the gentleman made by Mr. FULBRIGHT, chairman of the from Maine CMr. TuPPER] may extend workers at the Portsmouth Naval Ship­ Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and his remarks at this point 1n the RECORD yard. another Democrat, Senator JOSEPH CLARK, and include extraneous matter. I sincerely hope and believe the offi­ of Pennsylvania, in a pamphlet issued by the The SPEAKER pro temPore. Is there cial findings will undo the damage done Center for the Study of Democratic Institu­ objection to the request of the gentleman by some of the injudicious comments tions under the suggestive title "The Elite that have been made. and the Electorate." from Ohio? "The foreign policy powers of Congress There was no objection. under the Constitution," Mr. FuLBRIGHT com­ Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, following plains, "enable it to implement, modify, or every tragedy involving the loss of many THE HOWARDS IN AFRICA thwart the President's proposals. • • • The lives, there are inevitably attempts made Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask defects of Congress as an institution reflect to prematurely place the blame on some­ unanimous consent that the gentleman the defects of classical democratic thought." one or something. Sensationalism based from New York [Mr. HORTON] may ex­ Defects? Maybe there are defects in Con­ gress, but where have the most dangerous on the wildest type of conjecture and tend his remarks at this Point in the mistakes been made? Who fumbled the Bay imagination often highlight this kind of RECORD and include extraneous matter. of Pigs invasion by pulling off air cover? disaster. Such was the case in the loss The SPEAKER pro temPore. Is there Who tells us that we must allow the Gov­ of the nuclear submarine Thresher on objection to the request of the gentleman ernment to manage our news? Certainly April 10 of this year with 129 men aboard. from Ohio? · not Congress; these mistakes can be blamed The builder of the Thresher, the Ports­ There was no objection. solely on the executive branch of the Gov­ mouth Naval Shipyard, of Kittery, Maine, ernment, whose powers Mr. F'uLBRIGHT would Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, a dis':' increase. · has been blamed directly and by innu­ .tinguished journalist from my congres­ Indeed Mr. FuLBRIGHT himself is for man­ endo for a multitude of alleged deficien­ sional district and his wife, Mr. and aged news. "Public opinion," he says, "must cies in construction and equipment, de­ Mrs. Horace G. Howard, recently toured be educated and led. • • * This is preemi­ spite the fact that not an ounce of 11 African countries as members of a nently a task for Presidential leadership." evidence to support the charges has been 5-week National Editorial Association The Constitution, in Mr. FULBRIGHT'S opin­ established. - study mission. ion, is hopelessly outdated. "Government by Critics of the Portsmouth Naval Ship­ the people is possible, but highly improb­ Upon their return to Newark, N.Y., able." Which means, we suppose, that the yard preferred to overlook the excellent Mr. and Mrs. Howard wrote a series of Revolutionary and Civil Wars were fought reputation of the yard and its highly articles describing their visits to Senegal, in vain, and.that the Gettysburg Address can . skilled and ·conscientious personnel. Nigeria, Liberia, Angola, Congo, South be relegated to the file of historical trivia. These impatient critics, in their desire Africa, Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Kenya, The electorate are incapable, through their for a scapegoat, chose to ignore the fact Ethiopia, and Egypt. These articles representatives in Congress, of running the that this famed Maine shipyard has built were published in Mr. Howard's out­ country; their duties must be handed over 130 submarines, the latest of which is the standing newspaper, the Newark Cou­ to the elite, who, we suppose, inhabit the west nuclear attack submarine Jack, and these wing of the White House and the executive rier-Gazette. departments. subs have received the highest praise The publication of this series of stories Congressmen are too susceptible to pres­ from the U.S. Navy. on the Howard's reaction to present-day sure groups, according to Mr. FuLBRIGHT. The official inquiry into the loss of the conditions in the African nations they "Too often, decisions of principle are post­ Thresher during a deep test dive in the visited. has contributed significantly · to poned or neglected, and opportunities lost. Atlantic is about to end. It is my un­ public understanding. As both old and * * • The source of this malady is the dif­ derstanding that at the end of this week new countries in Africa assume an in­ fusion of authority between the executive the Navy will have finished taking evi­ creasingly important role in world and legislative branches." dence and will commence consideration affairs, it is vital that we in the United Does Mr. FULBRIGHT suggest that employ­ of the facts presented. In all likelihood ees of the executive departments are im­ States have an increasing awareness· of mune to pressure? Does he prefer the risk it will still be some time before the find­ the political, economic, and social con­ of bad decisions made by Executive fiat to ings will be made public. ditions which combine to characterize the chance that good programs may occa­ I would not attempt to speculate what these nations. sionally be delayed by Congress? Does he the conclusions may be. I would be very While it is not possible, because of forget that Congress is there as much to surprised, however, if the inquiry pro­ space limitations, to share With my col­ prevent bad programs as to enact good ones? duces any charge of malfeasance or mis­ leagues all of the articles written by Mr. In the past, we repeat, Mr. FuLBRIGHT feasance on the part of the dedicated and Mrs. Howard, I would like to offer would not have dared make such sugges­ work force at the Portsmouth Naval tions. But now we're on a New Frontier, Mr. Howard's summary story, which where the President can casually dismiss the Shipyard, where each man is keenly appeared in the Newark Courier­ Constitution as something "written under aware of his responsibility for top work­ Gazette on May 16. entirely different conditions,'' and where manship. PUBLISHER HOPEFUL . OF SUCCESS FOR NEW Ambassador Stevenson can deplore old-fash­ It is most unfortunate that four men AFRICAN STATES ioned patriotism as an obstacle to the hege­ most intimately acquainted with super­ The National Editorial Association Study mony of the United Nations. vision of construction of the Thresher Mission visited 11 countries in its 5-week And a leading member of the Kennedy were on board the submarine when she tour of Afrka. The 58 U.S. editors and team asks us to junk our heritage and sub­ went down. their wives who made the trip, met a lot stitute the volatile sort of autocracy which of leaders, saw much, read a lot, and gained General de Gaulle has imposed in France. The·design and construction of subsur­ much information from U.S. personnel We're asked to submit to the sort of one­ face vessels is a science that is improv­ working in those countries. man rule which exists under Mayor Daley ing each time a new vessel is launched. This hardly makes one an authority on in Chicago, where crooked elections are the The brave men who make up the crews Africa, but perhaps it will justify these few order of the day. of these submarines volunteer for this personal observations. · Let us not forget that this is the same hazardous duty that is so vital to the The first question people ask is, are the Mr. FULBRIGHT who accused President Eisen­ natives ready for self government? hower of muzzling the generals, inhibiting security of this Nation. free speech, and usurping the powers of Every effort must be made to deter­ NOT READY FOR RULE Congress. What better e'\!idence is there mine what the known facts surrounding Obviously they are not. The Government that his latest proposal is designed not the Thresher's loss tend to prove. It leaders in most countries are keen, well edu­ simply to subordinate Congress to the Presi­ would be very valuable if the naval cated, and articulate. One of the dangers dent, but to subordinate all opposition, and is that nearly all the few educated make indeed the whole electorate, to the will of a bathyscaph the Trieste is able to locate their way at once into the Government clique which presumptuously regards itself the submarine in the 8,000 feet of water service. Some of these countries may end .as the "elite"? and at least photograph the hull . up an oligarchy of brains, wpich may or 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 9649 may not be benevolent,. and who may be re­ Now a; word about ·Angola and South Af­ We met and talked with a number of the luctant to ever relinquish _their advantages. rica, which are special cases. I loak for. the Peace Corps youngsters. A finer and more Beyond these few are .the vast masses of natives to press for more recognition in both capable bunch of kids you'll not find any­ the illiterate. these countries. I don't mean the "look at where on earth. In most of the countries we toured, vir­ all I am doing for you" kind of recognition.­ I hope nobody gets to fooling around with tually no natives (meaning blacks) outside which both ·countries are pushing belatedly the Peace Corps. It should be kept as it is Government service, have reached positions at an accelerated pace. . and not develop into some "CCC" or "paid of much responsibility or administrative It means just as much to a black man for aid" organization. Of all our African rank. We found this true even in the ho­ to say "I am free" as it does to a white man. projects this is the one that gets the widest tels, on the Firestone rubber plantation, and We fall to realize how white men have re­ and greatest praise everywhere. It is also in the mines of several countries where Ne­ acted, and would react, in the Negroes' posi­ filling one of the greatest need.s--that of groes for many years have comprised the tion. Ultimately, only equality in every re­ educating the youngsters. These are the working force. spect with the white man wm satisfy the parents of tomorrow who will see to it that FEW RESPONSIBILITIES black man, be it in America or Africa. their children get educational opportunities The Afrikaners in the Republic of South and better ones. The Negro, in my opinion, is "a most Africa must be blind to reality. Nowhere happy fella." The equatorial climate is fa­ on earth has a minority prevailed indefinitely MUST HELP THEMSELVES vorable for his comfort and subsistence over the majority. Even the Irish took over African countries can use virtually every living without much effort. His simple ex­ Boston. The Dutch themselves (who are type of help. Basic of course, besides edu­ istence has few of the annoying require­ trying to enforce separateness in South cation, are technical assistance of all kind, ments and stresses of modern living. The Africa) took control of South Africa away roads, bridges, power lnst~llatlons, water great bulk of them have neither the in­ from the English by a slight edge in popu­ and sewage systems. Most African countries herited urge, tradition, or education that lation. What can they hope for in this day have only one or two basic crops and export­ spark ambition and hard work. 1'1ere are and age with their blacks outnumbering the able products. Other crops and industries significant exceptions, we know, and as a whites 15 to 1? must be found. Skills and trades must be race their capabilities are as great as those encouraged and taught to provide greater of any people. . _ APARTHEID IMMORAL opportunities for the masses in the native It does no good to Ellenderize on their The system of apartheid ls degrading both quarters of the cities and those living at readiness for independence or self-rule. to the Negro and the white. It ls the an­ subsistence agricultural levels throughout Most of them already have it. Few peoples tithesis of Western man's whole cpncept of the country. Medical services and instruc- on earth-were ready for freedom when they equality and the sacredness of the individu~l. tion are imperative. · got it, and some of them do not know what English South Africans reject it, and many of A great deal of financial priming and ef­ to do with it now. the Dutch Afrikaners are finding it increas­ fort wlll be required. America should right­ CHANCE TO SUCCEED ingly niore difficult to live with conscien­ fully provide conspicuous help. Aside from tiously. practical and altruistic reasons, many na­ The masses are never quite ready for Angola, of course, approaches the problem tions of the world, in a sense, owe a debt. liberty, and are better off to remain as they differently. They advocate, and to a con­ to Africa because of their exploitation of are, in the judgment of the more favored siderable . extent, practice "togetherness." African people in one way or another down few. Many argued the American Negro was But whether directed from Portugal or by through the years. better off as a· slave than free. Just what Portuguese Angolans, such togetherness advantages the blacks of Africa might have But the greatest service we can give the means little unless the natives who greatly African countries is to get them on a "do it had by continuing under colonial rule in­ outnumber them ultimately agree to the definitely are certainly not apparent from yourself" basis just as rapidly as possible. terms. This is the angle the Portuguese This is the only real path to the progress their progress in several hundred years in should be working on, not criticism of the Angola and South Africa. · and "independence" they seek. U.N. and the United States, and trying to The many aid agencies should not be al­ · The main question ls, Will the new nations convince the world how goody-goody they be able to make a go of it? I believe they lowed to acquire such power and infiuence are. that they can expand and spend beyond will. To what degree, only the future can What about U.S. aid to African countries? tell. Judging from Liberia and Ethiopia, I reason, and perpetuate themselves beyond would say the new nations, which have had It_ makes you proud (or sick) to be an need. Gradual withdrawal of assistance American, to see the mlllions of dollars we should begin at the earliest possible junc-· the benefit of some colonial training, will are spending annually in every country. do better. ture. Except for a basic cadre, most of the Most of us are proud of it, I am sure, but foreign aid agencies should :work in Africa This does not mean there wlll not be have the uneasy feeling Uncle Sam is being terrific growing pains. This does not mean to put themselves out of business as soon a bit too profiigate. The type and extent of as possible. there wlll not be outbreak's, sectional ·strife, aid programs should be kept under con­ and clashes between African tribes and na­ stant scrutiny and study. tions. Such troubles were common to all countries and all continents. In Africa NEW IMAGE NEEDED WOOL IMPORT CRISIS especially it will be difficult for the tribal peo­ The nations of Africa desperately need Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ple to learn a higher allegiance to the state, help. We should give them help-not. sub­ and to honor imaginary boundaries over sidize them. Everything we do should be unanirilous consent that the gentleman which they are accustomed to roam at will. directed toward getting them to become from New Hampshire [Mr. CLEVELAND] AFRICANS FRIENDLY viable on their own. And while we are pour­ may extend his remarks at this point But I do not look for such excesses as the ing out millions to a country there is no rea­ in the RECORD and include extraneous French Revolution or our own War Between son we should be timid about insisting that matter. the States, unless conditions get completely it keep its own financial house in order. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there out of hand some day in Angola or South Why should we extend millions on essentials for a country while it spends ml111ons of its objection to the request of the gentleman Africa. from Ohio? There wlll also be exploitation and graft. own money on extravagances and nonessen­ Long established nations still have them. tials? There was no objection. I was considerably impressed by the leaders I wish there was some way we might get Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, as I of the new African countries. Their dedi­ rid· of the "image" our aid has been allowed pointed out yesterday wool imports con­ cation and ability augurs well for their to acquire. So many in Africa seem to have tinue to rise. Jobs are being lost. It countries. There are a few hotheads, a few the impression that.we are helping them only to benefit ourselves; that we are forced to would almost appear that the Kennedy opportunists; but fewer than you would administration is deliberately creating expect under the circumstances. give aid in order to keep out Communist aid The native peoples, almost everywhere, and lnfiuence. new distressed areas. were genuinely friendly. I believe it charac­ We can go broke giving blackmail aid. Yesterday I spoke about the problem teristic. The history of the continent does Blackman· never accomplishes anything. It of temporary shutdowns and partial not indicate the tribes were particularly war­ merely begets more blackmail, saps our own closing of wool manufacturing plants. like. There were small tribal fracases, and strength, and breeds the contempt of the re­ Today I would like to present facts and the inevitable clashes of mass emigration. cipient. But to my knowledge there were no warlike PEACE CORPS "TOPS" figures supporting my reference yester­ nations or alinement of nations that resorted The Peace Corps type of image ls the one day to the 25 actual and announced to pillage and slaughter as a way of life. to project. Here is a genuine manifestation liquidations of woolen and worsted mills A MAN IS A MAN of, the desire of people to help people. This since January 1, 1962, to the present. Such difficulties as occur should be largely kind of help makes friends. Airports and A good presentation of the statistics local, and the United Nations has shown roads, vital as they are, will never be seen creating the wool import crisis was made some indication it is able to control these. or used by most of the present generations. by William F. Sullivan, president, 9650 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD " .:..:.. HOUSE; May 28 Northern Textile Association before the The latest period for which data ls avail­ are· operating oli short t1me with man:y addi­ Pastore committee on May 22, 1963. able,. 12 months ending March 1963, 1s 90 tional workers left jobless. percent greater than the calendar 1961 total. (For list of mills, see· exhibit 1.) Mr. Sullivan's statement traces the back­ If this rate of imports continues, imports U.S. production of wool fabrics in the ground of the problem and his facts and will total over 200 million square yards equiv­ first 3 months of this year totals 74,700,000 figures are a graphic portrayal of why alent by the end of this year, or 135 percent linear yards, down 7 percent from the same mills are closing and unemployment is above 1961. period last year. The ratio of inventories increasing. Because of the importance In the first quarter 1963, imports totaled to unfilled orders, a measure which reflects of this problem to countless people and 35 million square yards equivalent, 41 per­ future business activity, has climbed steadily communities Mr. Sullivan's statement cent greater than the first quarter 1962 since the middle of 1962. follows: total. Equipment in place continues to decline. Looms in U.S. woolen and worsted mills STATEMENT OF WILLIAM F. SULLIVAN, PRESI• - - dropped 8 percent from the end of 1961 DENT NORTHERN TEXTILE AssoCIATION, BE­ Millions of Percent to the end of 1962, the latest period for which FORE THE TEXTILE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE square yards change data is available. Spindles in place are esti­ COMMITTEE OF INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN mated to have declined by a similar percent- COMMERCE OF THE U.S. SENATE 1961 1962 1963 196:H>3 196Hi3 age. · Mr. Rindge and I are here to review the I --- The wholesale price index for woolens and worsening situation which has taken place January______worsted is currently at the level of its 1957- in the wool textile sector since hearings were February ______8.1 7.1 7. 3 +3 -9 59 base. last held before your committee in January 4. 0 6.8 11. 2 +65 +180 6.0 11.1 16. 7 +50 +178 As imports continue upward, the disrup­ 1962. At that time, we warned, "The mod­ Marcb. ------tion now being experienced in the domestic Total. ______------erate overall decline (of wool textile im­ 18.1 25.0 35.2 +41 +94 industry will accelerate, resulting in a greater ports) in 1961 is only temporary and offers number of closed mills and lost jobs. The no excuse for not implementing the Presi­ effect of back-to-back recordbreaking years dent's program in full" and that "a resur­ The sharp rise in the first quarter 1963 is of wool textile imports has saturated and gence of imports to alltime high levels may all the more unusual because of the east will continue to s~turate and depress the be expected." coast dock strike .which did not end until markets for these goods for a long period of This forecast has been fulfilled far be­ January 23 and its effects were felt through­ time. yond our fears. out February and part of March. These conditions prevail at a time of high Since the end of 1961, U.S. imports of wool Imp<;>rts tn March 1963 set an alltime level of general business activity. This in­ manufacturers have risen at a sharper rate monthly high record. It is significant that dustry suffers along with all others when a or increase for a more sustained period at this level was reached at this time rather downturn in the business cycle comes. Faced higher levels than at any other time in than in the summer and early fall months with the current market situation caused by history of the industry. which are normally by far the heaviest im­ imports, wool textile mills will liquidate at This uninterrupted climb has resulted in port months of the year. an unprecedented rate when a downturn in new alltime highs being reached with each All segments of the wool textile industry general business comes. successive 12-month period. ·have been affected: The question naturally comes to mind as Starting at 84,200,000 square yards equiv­ to how and why this situation has been alent for the 12 months ending January 31, permitted to develop at a time when there 1962, imports rose above the previous alltime is a national policy announced by the Presi­ high by June and have continued sharply Millions of square yards Percent dent in effect which was intended to prevent 1------i increase upward to the present time. calendar just such an occurrence. Part of this policy U.S. general irnports of wool manufactures Calen- Fiscal Calen- Year 1961 to (contained in the .May 2, 1961, textile pro­ for selected periods dar year dar end year end gram) is being implemented for cotton tex­ 1961 1962 1962 Marcb Marcb tiles and other parts of the program are [Millions of square yards] 1963 1963 also moving ahead. 12-month period ending: -----1------The wool sector of the textile industry 1962:January ______84.2 Tops______6. 4 11. 4 11. 8 14. 0 +119 has for many years been the most critical Yarn______9. 2 13. 9 19. 5 19. 9 +116 because of the relatively higher level of im­ Fabrics______38. 2 52.1 67. l - 73. 3 +92 FebruarY------··------86. 4 Knit Goods___ 19. 6 23. 4 29. 9 31. 5 +61 ports and disruption, greater unemployment March------·------91. 1 Woven ap- and mill closings, and a severe loss of ex­ April------··------95. 3 parel______8. 7 9. 9 20. O 19. 8 +128 ports. Nevertheless, this sector is again ------feeling the severe effects of an even more MaY------105.1 TotaL____ 84. 8 112. 7 150. 9 160. 7 +oo June------·------112.7 rapidly rising level of imports from an in­ JulY------119.8 creasing number of sources. August------·------128.3 The last 12 to 16 months have been a Italy has more than doubled her ship­ September------October ______144.1137.1 dismal period of inaction and frustration ments of wool textiles to this country froi:n for both those in the industry and those 1961 to the latest 12-month period.1 Japa­ I>ecemberNovember------______147.9150.5 in the Congress who have been anxious to nese imports have increased by 91 percent. see the President's program carried out. 1st quarter, 1963: Hong Kong shipments, although still rela­ Immediately following the hearings of this JanuarY------·------150.8 tively small, have increased more than four committee on January 15 and 16 of last FebruarY------·------155.7 times. United Kingdom imports have in­ year, 34 Senators wrote to the President on :M:arch------~- 160.7 creased 20 percent. January 23, pointing out that no action had been !nitrated for wool or other noncotton manufacturers and urging that such omis­ Calendar Percent Fiscal Percent Calendar Percent Yearend Percent sions be corrected promptly. Special as­ 1961 of total year 1962 of total 1962 of total Mar .1962 of total sistant to the President, Mr. Lawrence F. ------O'Brien, lri a letter to these Senators, ac­ '" Million& Millions Millions Millions knowledged that the program announced on of square of square of square of aquare May 2, 1961, included wool and manmade yards yard& yards yards fibers and stated that after the conclusion Japan ___ ------20.1 24 25.4 23 34. 7 23 38.3 24 of the long-term cotton textile arrangement, Italy ______------_------24. 7 29 38.3 34 51. l 34 54.6 34 United Kingdom ______19. l 22 23.1 20 24.3 16 23.0 14 "the problems of the wool and manmade Hong Kong ______2.0 2 2.4 2 8.8 6 9.1 6 fibers industry will certainly be attacked." France._------3.4 4 5. 7 5 7.3 5 6.8 4 The President, on February 26, following Uruguay._------2.5 3 4. 0 4 5. 5 4 6.4 4 the conclusion of the long-term cotton ar­ All other __ ------13.1 15 13. 8 12 19.0 13 22.5 14 rangement, wrote to Congressman CARL VIN­ TotaL ______84.9 100 112. 7 100 150. 7 100 160. 7 100 SON saying: "I have also requested the de­ partments involved to implement my pro­ gram for the wool, manmade fiber, and silk The impact on the domestic wool textile From January 1962 to April 1963, 25 wool divisions of the industry. Almost all of the industry of this uninterrupted and massive textile mms in 10 . States have liquidated, points in the program, announced on May 2, 1961, apply equally to each of these." .tlow of imports being reflected in closed resulting in the loss of over 5,000 jobs. other iS mllls are either shutdown temporarily or · Wool textile imports continued to rise mills, lost jobs, curtailed produ~tlon, declin: month by month above 1961 leyels, and con­ ing equipment, and stagnant prices. 1 Including imports via. Virgin Islands. versations were held but no action was taken. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 965l On May 10, 1962, speaking to the annual A meeting of the Wool Study Group was Woolen and worsted mill liquidations­ meeting of the National Association of Wool held in London in December 1962 at which Actual and announced-Jan. 1, 1962, to Manufacturers, Assistant Secretary of Com­ it was disclosed for the first time to Amer­ present-Continued merce, Hickman Price, who was in charge ican labor and industry representatives that Employees of these matters, announced that the Presi­ the State Department had no intention of Massa.ch usetts: dent's Cabinet Textile Committee had ap­ pressing then or in the future for an inter­ A. D. Ell1s Mills, Inc., Monson, Mass_ 250 pointed a three-man ad hoc committee to national wool textile agreement similar to Ames Textile Corp., Sutton's Mills consider and report upon, as rapidly as pos­ the Geneva cotton textile arrangements, but Division, Andover, Mass______200 sible, those parts of the President's seven­ preferred to give consideration to the matter J. P. Stevens & Co., Inc., Marland point program relating to textile products of "selective tariff adjustments" in the Mill, Andover, Mass ______450 manufactured from fibers other than cotton. "Kennedy round" of negotiations under the Essex Woolen Mills, Essex, Mass ___ _ 50 On June 8, 1962, however, one of the Trade Expansion Act. This would be done members of the ad hoc committee, Assistant only after Tariff Commission hearings on Total ------950 Secretary of State for Economic Affairs an item-by-item basis. Johnson, was reported in the press as saying Such an approach is obviously useless, Michigan: Yale Woolen Mills, Yale, that he knew of no commitments of the contrary to the textile program and commit­ Mich ------350 administration to take any action on wool ments of the President, and was rejected by or synthetic fabrics and that he and other industry and labor and members of Congress New Jersey: Samuel Hird & Co., Clif- members of the ad hoc committee were try­ who had studied and pursued this matter. ton, N.J______140 ing to work out a method of analyzing the Further conferences indicated that this ap­ situation (Daily News Record, June 8, 1962). proach has been dropped, but as imports New York: On June 27, 1962, the President, aware of continue to rise, no further action has been Faith Mills, Averill Park, N.Y ______160 the rising level of imports of wool textiles, taken. French-American-British Woolens said in another letter to Congressman VIN­ Even in the absence of a textile program, Corp., Newburgh, N.Y ______300 SON: it is fair to say that no nation in the world "With regard to textile products manufac­ would continue to permit the liquidation of Total ------460 tured from fibers other than cotton, imports one of its vital industries. are being carefully scrutinized monthly. If The procedures before the Office of Emer­ Pennsylvania: a rising trend of imports above present levels gency Planning initiated by the industry in Ferdinand W. Mostertz & Son, Inc., affects adversely domestic industry, such May of 1961, provide the appropriate a.ve­ Philadelphia, Pa______275 measures will be taken as may be necessary nue for implementation ot the program. Franklin Worsted Co., Philadelphia, to prevent deterioration in the imports/ The outcome of the OEP case is within the Pa ------75 domestic consumption relationship." control of the administration, and a favor­ Jonathan Ring & Co., Philadelphia, No action has been forthcoming. On July able finding would place the United States Pa ------100 S, 1962, at the national Governors' confer­ in a position of strength to negotiate proper Shamokin Woolen M1lls, Shamokin, ence in Hershey, Pa., a resolution was agreements or act in its own self-interest. Pa ------100 adopted "that the Governors urge further Last week in Geneva, the largest textile Yorkshire Worsted Mills Inc., Lenni, development and complete implementation conference ever held took place at the inter­ Pa ------220 of international arrangements on trade in national labor office. Governments, in­ cotton, wool, synthetic, and silk fiber textile dustry, and labor had equal representation. Total ------770 products with due regard for the impact on Following 2 weeks of careful discussion, a American industry and agriculture." resolution was adopted which, after recog­ Rhode Island: As July wore on, it became obvious that nizing the importance of developing and in­ Bonin Spinning Co., Woonsocket, the situation regarding imports of wool tex­ dustrial countries alike and of expanding R.I------350 tiles was deteriorating rapidly. On August trade, the Textiles Committee insisted that Burlington Industries, Inc., Sidney 7, the Deputy Special Counsel to the Presi­ countries trading in textile products should Blumenthal Co., plant, Valley dent, Mr. Feldman, writing to Edwin Wilkin­ insure fair labor standards for textile work­ Falls, R.L______225 son, president of the National Association of ers. Further noting the long-term cotton Crown Worsted Co., Providence, Wool Manufacturers, had the following to arrangement, the Textiles Committee re­ R.I------·------175 say: solved "to draw the attention of the con­ Paragon Worsted Co., Providence, "As you know, the President, under bis tracting parties to GATI' and of other inter­ R.I------·------350 seven-point program for textiles, announced national organizations concerned to the Stillwater Worsted, Harrisvme, May 2, 1961, has expressed his concern about the importation of all textiles, including social consequences of measures affecting in­ R.1------·------250 those made of wool and manmade fibers, ternational trade in textile products, and to Yorkshire Worsted Mills, Inc., Woon- and indicated his determination to take invite them to examine the possibiUty of socket, R.1------130 steps to deal effectively with these imports. studying and applying agreements designed This concern of the President and his deter­ to avoid the disruption of textile markets, Total------1,485 mination to see that these imports do· not which would adversely affect the employ­ exceed reasonable levels, continue un­ ment and the standard of living of textile South Carolina: Mackie Spinning Co__ 75 changed, and are the subject of planning workers." and consideration now underway in this There is an awareness on the part of many Virginia: Charlottesvme Woolen Mills, Government. nations of the serious consequences of un­ Charlottesville, Va______200 "Limitation of textile imports to prevent restrained imports of textiles. The export market disruption is an essential element of unemployment and misery from one coun­ Wisconsin: of administration policy. We intend to im­ try to another will not solve world problems. Chippewa Falls Woolen Co., Chip- plement this policy with regard to all tex­ Unfortunately, the U.S. Government rep­ pewa Falls, Wis______150 tiles, and particularly to prevent market sentatives did not vote in favor of this reso­ Rock River Woolen Mills, Janes- disruption such as would result from an lution, although its presentation offered an ville, Wis______200 increase over current levels of imports." opportunity to bring about a better under­ On August 10, representatives of all standing of the President's textile program. Total------350 branches of the textile industry met with U.S. industry and labor delegates, as well as 26 Senators and with the representatives a majority of others, voted in favor of the Grand total (10 States-25 of an additional 30 Senators and Mr. Law­ resolution. rence F. O'Brien. The lack of action on mills)------·------5, 560 wool and manmade fiber textiles was ExHmIT 1 Source: Trade Press news releases. Woolen and worsted mill Ziquidations­ stressed. The import situation was becom­ U.S. BALANCE OF TRADE IN TEXTILE ing worse. Immediate action was urged. ActuaZ and announced-Jan. 1, 1962, to present MANUFAcrURES On August 31, 1962, the New York Times The U.S. balance of trade in textile manu­ said that the chairman of this committee Connecticut: Employees and the group of Senators, including the Cyril Johnson Woolen Co., Inc., factures has deteriorated to the extent that other members of the committee, had "a Stafford Springs, Conn______250 imports of textile manufactures in 1962 are heart-to-heart" talk with the President and Princeton Knitting Mills, Water- estimated to exceed exports of such goods by came away "comforted." town, Conn______500 $542 million. This unfavorable balance of The fall months wore on, and still no Grosvenordale Woolen Mills, Inc., trade in textiles is all the more striking since affirmative action was taken in spite of ris­ North Grosvenordale, Conn______30 in 1947 the balance of trade in these goods ing levels of imports which exceeded even was a surplus of $1.1 billion. Hence, the net the pessimistic estimates made by the in­ Total 780 loss ln the U.S. balance of trade has been dustry and labor in August and September. $1.6 billion as shown on following page. 9652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 28 U.S. general imports of wool manufactures by selected broad groups, U.S. general imports of wool manufactures by selected ·rn·oad groups, calendar 1961 and calendar 1962 January-March 1982 and 1983 [Millions of square yards] [Mfilions of square yards]

Calendar Calendar Percent 3 months 3 months Percent 1961 1962 change, January- January- change, 1961-62 March March 1962-63 1962 1963

Tops------6. 4 11. 8 +84 Yarns·------9. 2 19. 5 +112 Tops------4. 1 6. 3 +54 ======Yarns------4. 3 4. 8 +12 Fabrics, totaL------38. 2 66. 7 +75 ======------Fabrics, total------12.1 18. 3 +51 Not over $1.25/lb------6. 6 9. 4 +42 ------.6 .4 -33 Over $1.25, not over $2------~· g ~ =!=~~ Not over $1.25/lb------­ 1 2t Over $1.25, not over $2------.3 .2 -33 0ver $2, not over $4------4.3 6.1 +42 0ver $4, not over $6------2. 6 4.3 +65 8~i~ ll;~~~-~~E-~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: ~ 1 l~: ~ t~ 1.3 1.3 "Braided" and "showerproof" cloth.-..------14. 3 ----·-+-·i=; "Braided"0ver $6/lb------and "showerproor•------cloth ______-----+io7 Pile, tap., uph., and bill------.6 . 7 = 2.8 5.8 Pile, tap., uph., and blll------.2 .1 -50 ------Blkts., robes, and str. rugs_------. 4 . 5 +25 .1 Knit goods------19. 6 29. 9 +53 Blkts., robes, and str. rugs------.1 ------+62 Woven appareL------8. 7 20. o +130 Knit goods------­ 2.6 4.2 Misc., including felt.------2. 2 1. 7 -23 Woven appareL------1.4 1. 2 -14 Misc., including fe1t------.4 .2 -50 Grand totaL------84. 8 150. 7 +78 ------Grand totaL.------25.0 35.2 +41

l December 1962 Virgin Islands imports estimated. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Extract of Bureau of the Census Report Source: U .s. Department of Commerce, Extract of Bureau of the Census Report T.Q.2201. T.Q. 2201. U.S. balance of trade in textile manufactures,1 General Assembly and numerous other Since some question exists as to 1947-62 2 persons in my State. The measure I am whether on not present Federal law per­ {In millions of dollars] presenting to the House today is in­ mitting combining of the Mount Hope .tended to recognize the great contribu­ and Newport-Jamestown Bridges for Year Imports Exports ~ftr~ tions made by Rhode Island servicemen finance purposes is legally sufficient in ------1------through the establishment of a national light of the new Rhode Island amend­ 1947 ______cemetery in our State. ment, I am introducing this measure to 252 $1,356 +1,104 It is my earnest hope that this legisla­ eliminate any possible difficulty in the 1950_ ------374 457 +sa 1951. ------442 704 +262 tion will be favorably considered by the future. I ask that it be favorable acted 1952. ------439 584 +145 398 539 +141 Congress. upon by the Congress. 1953. ------382 517 +135 1954. ------487 497 +lo 1955. ------575 501 -74 1956.1957 ______------_ 565 522 -43 RHODE ISLAND TURNPIKE AND AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN -102 1958. ------566 464 BRIDGE AUTHORITY 744 465 -279 ASSISTANCE ACT 1959. ------374 1960_ ------857 483 Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1961. ------843 479 -364 1962 3______997 455 -542 .unanimous consent that the gentleman unanimous consent to extend my remarks .from Rhode Island [Mr. ST GERMAIN] at this point in the RECORD. may extend his remarks at this paint in 1 Includes scmimanufactures and manufactures of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there cotton wool, manmade fibers, flax, hemp ramie, jute, the RECORD. objection to the request of the gentleman hard fibers and miscellaneous fibers and imports1 from The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the Virgin Tulands of "showerproofed" wool <;loth. Ex­ frCJm Califomia? cludes noils, waste, rags, shoddy, mungo, sliver, man­ objection to the request of the gentleman There was no objection. made fiber staple, tow, top, monofilaments, filament ·from Arkansas? yam, tire cord, and tire fabric. Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I 2 Data for years 1948 and 1949 not available. There was no objection. have today introduced an amendment to 3 Estimated by Northern Textile Association. Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, at our Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 in Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the last session of the Rhode Island Gen­ support of a similar amendment by my Foreign Commerce. eral Assembly, legislation was enacted friend and colleague, the Honorable which amended the Rhode Island Turn­ SEYMOUR HALPERN. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL pike Authority Act of 1956. Together we feel that this Government CEMETERY IN THE STATE OF The new measure made three main once and for all should clearly express changes in the Turnpike Authority Act. to the world that while we may be willing RHODE ISLAND First. The Jamestown Bridge was cto financially assist any deserving state, Mr, HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask substantially eliminated from the juris­ we are certainly not willing to see our unanimous consent that the gentleman diction of the authority and it becomes funds used in a way inimical to the best from Rhode Island [Mr. ST GERMAIN] toll free when its present outstanding interests of the people of this country. may extend his remarks at this point in bonds are retired. We are specifically not willing to see our the RECORD. Second. It authorizes extension of aid used by countries in such a way that The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tolls on the Mount Hope Bridge at the they can turn their own resources to the objection to the request of the gentleman retirement of the present outstanding purchase of military equipment from from Arkansas? bonds to pay the cost of bonds for the the Sino-Soviet bloc. We are just as There was no objection. construction of the Newpart-Jamestown . unwilling to watch-in direct contradic­ Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, the Bridge and also to pay for repair, main­ tion to expressed U.S. policy-the pro- . bill I am introducing today would direct tenance, and operation of the Mount . lifera ti on of missile weapons systems the Secretary of the Army to establish Hope Bridge and for engineering and which can be nothing else but a menace a national cemetery in the State of other preliminary expenses of the New­ to world peace and a threat to the secu­ Rhode Island. port-Jamestown Bridge prior to the rity of those many other nations we also It ls unfortunate that Rhode Island, issuing of its construction bonds. aid. one of the Thirteen Original Colonies, Third. The authority is allowed to How can we, in good conscience, watch and a State which has been called upon lease the Newport-Jamestown Bridge U.S. dollars being utilized subtly to sub­ to sacrifice innumerable young men in and the Mount Hope Bridge to the State vert the very framework of other U.S. the wars of our country, does not have a of Rhode Island on a yearly basis only policies? We know that certain nations national cemetery within its borders. at a rental sufficient to satisfy bond re­ are buying aggressive military materiel This has long been a cause of concern quirements for the construction of the with some of the money they save on to the members of the Rhode Island Newport-Jamestown Bridge. economic development-economic de- 1963 ~. -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9653 velopment which we are supporting with , the to be stopped. It must be stopped if we extraneous matter:> House adjourned until tomorrow, are to believe we are ill filll control of Mr. ROBISON. Wednesday, May 29, 1963, at 12 o'clock our own foreign policy, and not hood­ Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. noon. winked by some shrewd manipulators Mr. MORSE. who feed on both sides of the interna­