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Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES RIPARIAN ZONES CHARACTERISTICS, MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Complimentary Contributor Copy ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the e-book tab. Complimentary Contributor Copy ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES RIPARIAN ZONES CHARACTERISTICS, MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OLEG S. POKROVSKY EDITOR CNRS, Toulouse, France BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, RAN, Arkhangelsk, Russia New York Complimentary Contributor Copy Copyright © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication‘s page on Nova‘s website and locate the ―Get Permission‖ button below the title description. This button is linked directly to the title‘s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN. For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact: Copyright Clearance Center Phone: +1-(978) 750-8400 Fax: +1-(978) 750-4470 E-mail: [email protected]. NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‘ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pokrovsky, Oleg S., editor. Title: Riparian zones : characteristics, management practices, and ecological impacts / editor, Oleg S. Pokrovsky (Research Director at the CNRS, Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, France). Description: Hauppauge, New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2016. | Series: Environmental research advances | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016000066 (print) | LCCN 2016001465 (ebook) | ISBN 9781634846134 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781634846363 () Subjects: LCSH: Riparian ecology. Classification: LCC QH541.5.R52 R584 2016 (print) | LCC QH541.5.R52 (ebook) | DDC 577.68--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016000066 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York Complimentary Contributor Copy CONTENTS Acknowledgment vii Introduction ix O. S. Pokrovsky Chapter 1 Biological Diversity and Current Threats of Lotic Ecosystems 1 Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Chapter 2 The Science of Mapping Riparian Areas Utilizing GIS and Open Source Geospatial Data 37 S. A. Abood Chapter 3 The New Brazilian Forest Law and Its Ecological Impact on Riparian Forests: An Example Not to Be Followed 57 Vinícius Londe Chapter 4 Biogeochemical Functioning of Amazonian Floodplains: The Case of Lago Grande de Curuai 77 M-P. Bonnet, J. Garnier, G. Barroux, G. R. Boaventura and P. Seyler Chapter 5 An Approach to the Integrated Management of Exotic Invasive Weeds in Riparian Zones 99 J. Jiménez-Ruiz and M. I. Santín-Montanyá Chapter 6 Landscape Dynamics and Lakes Hydrology of Kerzhenets River Flooplain 125 L. E. Efimova, O. V. Korabliova and D. V. Lomova Chapter 7 Colloidal Speciation and Size Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter and Trace Elements in Small Subarctic Watershed and Its Riparian Zone 149 S. M. Ilina, S. A. Lapitskiy, Yu. V. Alekhin, O. Yu. Drozdova, J. Viers and O. S. Pokrovsky Chapter 8 Barrier Function of Floodplain and Riparian Landscapes in River Runoff Formation 181 I. A. Avessalomova, A. V. Khoroshev and A. V. Savenko Complimentary Contributor Copy vi Contents Chapter 9 Dynamics of the Irtysh River Floodplain Hydrology and Vegetation in the Pavlodar Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan 211 M. A. Beisembayeva, V. A. Zemtsov, V. A. Kamkin and K. U. Bazarbekov Chapter 10 Biogeochemistry of Organic Carbon, Major and Trace Elements in the Flooded and Riparian Zone of the Ob River 231 S. N. Vorobyev, V. V. Drozdov, A. V. Sorotchinskiy, S. N. Kirpotin, L. G. Kolesnichenko, L. S. Shirokova, R. M. Manasypov and O. S. Pokrovsky Chapter 11 Alluvial Soils of the Ob River Floodplain and Their Significance in the Formation of Geochemical Flow from Western Siberia 263 S. N. Vorobyev, S. N. Kirpotin, T. Е. Vorobyeva, L. G. Kolesnichenko and L. A. Izerskaya Chapter 12 Spatial Structure and Dynamics of Tom River Floodplain Landscapes Based on GIS, Digital Elevation Model and Remote Sensing 289 Vadim Khromykh and Oxana Khromykh Chapter 13 Benthic Invertebrate Community Floodplain-River System Basin Vasyugan (Middle Ob): Consequences of Oil Field Exploration 311 D. S. Vorobiev, Y. A. Noskov, V. K. Popkov and A. I. Ruzanova Chapter 14 Dynamics of Floodplain Landscapes 329 V. S. Khromykh About the Editor 357 Index 359 Complimentary Contributor Copy ACKNOWLEDGMENT ―Support from the mega-grant BIO-GEO-CLIM No 14.B25.31.0001 of Russian Ministry of Science and Education and Tomsk State University is acknowledged.‖ Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy INTRODUCTION O. S. Pokrovsky GET UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, France and BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Russia Riparian ecosystems occur in semi-terristrial areas adjacent to water bodies and influenced by freshwaters (Naiman et al., 2005). Specifically, Riparian Wetlands are defined as land areas adjacent to perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams, lakes or rivers. According to Reddy and DeLaune (2008) riparian areas receive water from groundwater discharge, overland and shallow subsurface flow from adjacent uplands, and flow from adjacent surface water body. As a result, these areas have high water tables and periodic flooding. These areas support a wide range of wetland vegetation including emergent macrophytes, grasses and trees (Reddy and DeLaune, 2008). Riparian zones and wetlands are among the most vulnerable natural ecosystems to both climate change and human impact and they likely to represent important hot spots for climate change adaptation (Capon et al., 2013). The riparian ecosystems, located at the interface between water and land, are extremely dynamic environments in terms of structure, function and diversity and strength of abiotic-biotic feedbacks (Naiman and Décamps, 1997; Corenblit et al., 2007, 2015). Despite significant rise of interest to the riparian zones over the past decade, these ecosystems are quite old from geological time scale since: according to Corenblit et al. (2015), the riparian vegetation existed on Earth surface since the middle Ordovician (450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the Late Silurian (420 Ma). Nowadays, the riparian wetlands are strongly affected by both global climate change (Tockner and Stanford, 2002; Nilsson et al., 2012; Catford et al., 2013) and human activity (Naiman and Decamps, 1997; Richardson et al., 2007; Strayer and Findlay, 2010), being at the ecological threshold, a point at which ecological process and parameters change abruptly in response to relatively small changes in a driving force (Larsen and Alp, 2015). For these reasons, we observed a steady and even abrupt increase of scientific publications linked to riparian problematics. A Web of Science
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