Vulnerability Assessment

MARION COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY 2020 ANNUAL PLAN UPDATE

CHAPTER SEVEN: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

Contents CHAPTER SEVEN: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ...... 1 Introduction ...... 3 Building Exposure ...... 3 Critical Facilities Overview ...... 4 EOC/Communication Facilities ...... 5 Water/Wastewater Treatment Plants ...... 5 Transportation Facilities ...... 6 Law Enforcement and Fire ...... 12 Medical ...... 15 Schools ...... 15 Sensitive Facilities ...... 17 Mobile Home Parks ...... 19 Vulnerability by Jurisdiction ...... 19 Assessment Methodology ...... 19 Vulnerability Assessment Matrix ...... 20 Riverine erosion ...... 20 Sinkholes ...... 20 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms ...... 21 Tornadoes ...... 22 Floods ...... 22 Wildfires ...... 23 Drought ...... 23 Extreme Heat ...... 23 Severe Winter Storms ...... 23 Man Made Hazards ...... 24 Repetitive Loss Properties ...... 24 Future Development ...... 25

Introduction

Depending on the characteristics of the hazard and its impact, substantial components of the general population, business community, public services, community institutions and utilities are vulnerable to damage. In considering the vulnerability of Marion County to disasters, it is important to emphasize that some facilities and the populations they serve are often more sensitive to the impacts of disasters than others. For the purposes of the Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Assessment requirements of the LMS, only the weather related and natural hazards were analyzed. Ecological, technological, societal, and health related hazards remain applicable to Marion County; however, currently there are no set criteria for evaluating hazards not required by 44 CFR 201. At such time these review criteria are developed, they will be further analyzed in the LMS.

Table VII-1 Hazards Affecting Marion County Weather Natural Ecological Technological/Societal Health Hurricane and Tropical Pest Wildfire Power Failure Epidemic Storm Infestation Animal Aging Severe Winter Storm Flood HazMat Incidents Disease Population Tornado Drought Urban Fire Extreme Heat Sinkholes Radiological Riverine Societal/Civic Erosion Evacuation Mass Casualty Traffic Related Civil Disturbance Terrorist Acts

Building Exposure

There are an estimated 153,000 buildings in the county with an estimated total building replacement value (excluding contents) of 32,871 million dollars. Approximately 98% of the buildings (and 81% of the building value) are associated with residential housing. Refer to table VII-2, Building Exposure by Occupancy Type.

Table VII-2 Building Exposure by Occupancy Type

Occupancy Exposure ($1000) Percent of Total Residential 24,387,244 79.22% Commercial 4,229,912 13.74% Industrial 1,020,480 3.31% Agricultural 277,513 0.90% Religious 506,984 1.65% Government 107,379 0.35% Education 254,420 0.83% Total 30,783,932 100.00%

Source: Hazus-MH Hurricane Event Report, probabilistic hurricane event model report, March 23, 2021.

Critical Facilities Overview

Critical facilities are important for both evacuation and sheltering. The County’s Critical Facilities Inventory is maintained by emergency management staff and updated annually to insure that preparedness and response actions can provide efficient evacuation, sheltering and recovery. The facilities that are important in the event of a hazard evacuation will vary based on the situation but typically include transportation facilities, medical facilities, communications facilities, potable water facilities, wastewater treatment plants, hospitals and schools. Additional facilities identified in the LMS include, emergency operations centers, mobile home parks, childcare centers, and hazardous waste generators.

Sensitive facilities can be critical from the evacuation standpoint because residents of prisons, nursing homes and hospitals will need extra evacuation support. Emergency managers have established agreements and procedures to address these issues. In Marion County, there are no critical facilities that demonstrate an overwhelming structural vulnerability to any particular hazard.

These infrastructure facilities are critical in a timely evacuation and need to be functioning at a level of service that supports evacuation and sheltering efforts. The Critical Facilities list was developed by the Marion County Growth Services Department and includes facilities identified in Table VII-3 thru Table VII-14 and shown on Map VII-2 thru Map VII-11.

Municipal and public buildings located in high risk areas are also an important consideration. Municipal buildings include police and fire stations that are critical during times of emergency. A listing of fire stations and sheriff stations are included in Table VII-12 and Table VII-13, respectively and shown in Map VII-12 and Map VII-13. Location information was obtained from the Marion County Fire

Department and the Marion County Sheriff’s Office, respectively. Other municipal buildings that maintain County and City records would be best located outside of the vulnerability zones. In cases where municipal buildings exist in vulnerable locations, retrofitting the buildings to increase protection is a needed precaution.

EOC/Communication Facilities

Table VII-3 Marion County Emergency Operations Centers Name Address City Zip Marion County Division Of 692 Nw 30th Avenue Ocala 34475 Emergency Mgt 11655 Nw Gainesville State Fire College Ocala 34482 Road

Table VII-4 Marion County Communications Facilities

WHIJ 88.1 FM Ocala Christian Contemporary

WYFZ 91.3 FM Belleview Religious

WEFA (LPFM) 92.5 FM Ocala Adult Contemporary

WMFQ 92.9 FM Ocala Top-40

WOGK 93.7 FM Ocala Country

WSKY 97.3 FM Micanopy Talk

WRGE (LPFM) 97.9 FM Ocala Religious

WGMA 99.7 FM Silver Springs Shores Adult Contemporary

W261BA (WXUS-HD2) 100.1 FM Ocala Oldies

WCKP (LPFM) 100.7 FM Ocala Dance

WXUS 102.3 FM Dunnellon Country

WIEB (LPFM) 102.9 FM Ocala Spanish Christian

WRUF 103.7 FM Gainesville, FL Country

WITG (LPFM) 104.7 FM Ocala Classic Hits

W296CW (WTYG) 107.1 FM Ocala Religious

WYND 95.5 FM Silver Springs Shores Classic Rock

W242CA (WOCA-AM) 96.3 FM Ocala News/Talk WMOP 900 AM Ocala Sports WOCA 1370 AM Ocala News/Talk

Water/Wastewater Treatment Plants

Water and wastewater treatment plants are important due to the nature of their role in providing critical infrastructure for sheltering and recovery. If these facilities are damaged, extra warnings and precautions need to be provided to the population serviced by the damaged plant. Contamination of the water supply can come from one unplanned release of waste product due to storm damage. Cleanup of a water supply can take a significant amount of time during which all water would need to be sterilized before use. Providing information to the public is an important protocol in case of contamination. If wastewater

facilities do not have access to the public through television or radio, there must be coordination between the EOC and the wastewater facilities to provide initial reports and updates. Marion County does not include these facilities as part of their critical facilities inventory.

Reviewing the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan provides a listing of protocols that will provide the appropriate level of preparedness for critical facilities. Each water/wastewater facility should have a list of protocols in case of an emergency including but not limited to: a) adequate potable water; b) restoration of water supply; c) provision of water for firefighting; and d) demolition or stabilization of damaged structures. Refer to Appendix D for Potable Water Facilities. Appendix E is a list of wastewater facilities.

Transportation Facilities Navigable Waterway Facilities/Dam Facilities

Table VII-5. Marion County Dam Facilities Name County Name Owner River Moss Bluff Lock And Spillway Marion SJRWMD Ocklawaha River Lake Joy Marion Silver Spring Shores Inc TR-Marshall Swamp

Marion County Military Facilities

Table VII-6. Marion County Military Facilities Name Address City Zip Troop E 153rd Cav 900 Sw 20th Street Ocala 34474 Troop E 153rd Cav 900 Sw 20th Street Ocala 34474 Co A, 3rd Sf Bn, 20th Sf Gp 900 Sw 20th Street Ocala 34474 Co A, 3rd Sf Bn, 20th Sf Gp 900 Sw 20th Street Ocala 34474

Private/Public Airfields

Table VII-7. Marion County Airport Facilities LOCATION AIRPORT NAME USE ID# BELLEVIEW BACK ACHERS Private 8FL3 BELLEVIEW JOHARY Private FL58 BELLEVIEW JORDAN Private 7FL0 BELLEVIEW JORDAN Private FD79 BELLEVIEW KIEVER Private 8FL2 BELLEVIEW MONROE AIRPARK Private 2FA2 BELLEVIEW THE VILLAGES Private 19FL CITRA PANIOLA AIR RANCH Private FD14 CITRA THOMPSON'S GOINBROKE AERO RANCH Private 9FD5 DUNNELLON MARION COUNTY Public X35 FAIRFIELD RELUCTANT GREMLIN Private FA09 HERNANDO DRAKE RANCH Private 7FD2 LOWELL LEE FARMS Private FL80 OCALA ADVENT HEALTH OCALA Private 57FD OCALA BERNIE LITTLE Private FL49 OCALA CROSSWIND FARM Private FL19 OCALA EARLY BIRD Private FA86 OCALA FLYING DUTCHMAN RANCH Private FD29 OCALA JUMBOLAIR Private 17FL OCALA MC GINLEY Private FL61 OCALA OCALA INTL-JIM TAYLOR FLD Public OCF OCALA ORMC TRAUMA CENTER Private 3FD1 OCALA SHADY INTL Private FA49 OCALA SHERIFF'S NORTH MULTI DISTRICT Public 1FL6 OFFICE OCALA SHERIFF'S OPERATION CENTER Public 3FL3 OCALA SHERIFF'S SOUTH MULTI DISTRICT OFFICE Public FL68 OCALA/BELLEVIEW LEEWARD AIR RANCH Private FD04 OKLAWAHA WOODS AND LAKES AIRPARK Private FA38 ORANGE SPRINGS PATCH O BLUE Private FD02 REDDICK WINGS-N-WHEELS Private FA50 WEIRSDALE HOBBY HILL Private 2FD1 WEIRSDALE LOVE FLD Private 97FL

Highway Facilities

Table VII-8. Marion County Highway Facilities Name Owner Length Type Sw 60th Ave 1.969196 Unknown Sw 60th Ave 0.8257987 Rural Minor Arterial C326 3.316925 Rural Minor Arterial C326 3.233844 Unknown U441 10.30713 Rural Principal Arterial U441 8.581203 Rural Principal Arterial U301 State Highway Agency 8.660818 Rural Principal Arterial U27 4.223543 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.3702762 Urban Interstate S40 State Highway Agency 0.1556781 Rural Principal Arterial S19 24.89587 Rural Minor Arterial S40 State Highway Agency 34.26529 Rural Principal Arterial S19 0.4227517 Rural Minor Arterial U301 1.611026 Rural Principal Arterial S326 County Highway Agency 0.8307849 Rural Principal Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 1.818772 Urban Minor Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 0.9934766 Urban Minor Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 7.477028 Rural Minor Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 1.446088 Urban Minor Arterial Nw 70th St 1.472152 Unknown I75 State Highway Agency 1.181602 Urban Interstate S40 0.3606153 Urban Principal Arterial C42 11.57793 Unknown C35 0.506098 Rural Principal Arterial U27 7.846969 Rural Principal Arterial U27 0.4167731 Rural Principal Arterial C40 1.584806 Unknown S200 9.485158 Rural Principal Arterial U27 1.218197 Rural Principal Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 2.477338 Unknown C25 1.194177 Rural Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.4546244 Rural Interstate C484 0.372114 Rural Minor Arterial U301 2.306276 Urban Principal Arterial C315 35.38927 Unknown S40 State Highway Agency 1.711427 Rural Principal Arterial U301 3.131317 Urban Principal Arterial Gainesville Rd 0.7774845 Urban Principal Arterial C314 6.390356 Rural Minor Arterial S40 State Highway Agency 3.990294 Rural Principal Arterial S329 11.76745 Rural Minor Arterial C336 2.480435 Unknown C35 6.751422 Rural Minor Arterial S329 3.213621 Rural Minor Arterial S19 2.846574 Rural Minor Arterial U301 State Highway Agency 7.429595 Rural Principal Arterial S329 0.8270703 Rural Minor Arterial U27 State Highway Agency 10.9538 Rural Principal Arterial U27 1.128757 Urban Principal Arterial U41 11.4024 Rural Minor Arterial

U41 7.306502 Rural Minor Arterial C40 6.802087 Unknown C484 17.47515 Rural Minor Arterial U41 0.5119864 Rural Minor Arterial U27 0.8560318 Urban Principal Arterial U27 State Highway Agency 0.2832178 Urban Principal Arterial U27 0.3144089 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.4749639 Urban Interstate C450 3.592716 Unknown C25 2.48866 Unknown U301 10.90252 Rural Principal Arterial U27 12.35187 Rural Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.5124583 Rural Interstate I75 State Highway Agency 0.5809954 Urban Interstate Se 110th St 1.036138 Rural Principal Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 2.047772 Rural Minor Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 0.984016 Rural Minor Arterial S464 1.877766 Rural Minor Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 2.414919 Rural Minor Arterial Se 17th St 3.335691 Unknown U301 State Highway Agency 3.832807 Rural Principal Arterial C314 22.66171 Unknown S40 2.985886 Urban Minor Arterial U27 0.08625149 Urban Principal Arterial U27 0.7892577 Urban Principal Arterial S200 3.691643 Rural Principal Arterial Sw 60th Ave 4.853933 Rural Minor Arterial U27 7.919358 Urban Principal Arterial S40 21.69802 Rural Minor Arterial S200 9.677535 Rural Principal Arterial C42 16.53655 Unknown Nw 60th Ave 1.948164 Rural Minor Arterial Nw 60th Ave 1.992345 Rural Minor Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 9.101056 Rural Minor Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.5273901 Urban Interstate S40 3.953923 Urban Principal Arterial S40 2.966739 Urban Principal Arterial S40 11.66976 Urban Principal Arterial S326 State Highway Agency 2.812465 Rural Minor Arterial S40 0.3613723 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.5788867 Urban Interstate S200 5.278409 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 1.026185 Urban Interstate S200 0.7866506 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 2.876539 Urban Interstate U27 State Highway Agency 14.21763 Rural Principal Arterial U27 State Highway Agency 3.409841 Rural Principal Arterial C25 9.693903 Unknown C25 1.452847 Unknown C25 8.633677 Unknown Baseline Rd 2.037417 Rural Minor Arterial Se Maricamp Rd 3.826906 Unknown I75 State Highway Agency 5.479926 Rural Interstate C326 14.11063 Rural Minor Arterial

I75 State Highway Agency 25.65214 Rural Interstate S326 State Highway Agency 0.3754583 Rural Minor Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.4802522 Rural Interstate C326 0.3760335 Rural Minor Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.4558333 Rural Interstate S200 0.3787254 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.5073485 Urban Interstate S200 0.3879254 Urban Principal Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 0.532934 Urban Interstate C484 12.45956 Rural Minor Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 7.529012 Rural Interstate C484 14.45626 Rural Minor Arterial I75 State Highway Agency 12.45406 Rural Interstate C484 0.3594722 Rural Minor Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 1.899198 Rural Minor Arterial C326 State Highway Agency 1.899198 Rural Minor Arterial U301 State Highway Agency 0.8076597 Rural Principal Arterial U301 State Highway Agency 0.8076597 Rural Principal Arterial

Bridge Facilities

Table VII-9. Marion County Bridge Facilities Name Owner CR 42 Marion County I-75 FDOT I-75 FDOT US 41 (SR 45) FDOT CR 484 Marion County Blue Cove Drive City of Dunnellon Blue Cove Drive City of Dunnellon US 441 FDOT CR 464 Marion County SW 66th Street FDOT SE 137th Ave Road Marion County I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT SR 200 FDOT SR 200 FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT C.R. 314 Marion County US 441 FDOT SR 492 FDOT SR 492 FDOT US 441 FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT

SR 19 FDOT SR 40 FDOT NE 145th Ave Road Marion County NW 63 Street FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT NW 100th Street FDOT SR 40 FDOT NE 105th Street Marion County CR 25A Marion County NW 120th Street FDOT US 441 FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT CR 316 FDOT CR 316 Marion County CR 315 Marion County US 441 FDOT US 441 FDOT NE 148th Terrace Rd Marion County I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT CR 315 Marion County I-75 (SR 93) FDOT I-75 (SR 93) FDOT CR 320 FDOT

Rail Facilities

Table VII-10. Marion County Railway Facilities Railway Segment Id Owner Length Fl000827 FNOR 0.2299484 Fl001502 FNOR 7.508278 Fl001503 FNOR 0.5829006 Fl001504 FNOR 0.2621745 Fl001505 FNOR 1.623427 Fl001506 FNOR 0.8868526 Fl001507 FNOR 0.2192504 Fl001508 FNOR 0.2337454 Fl001509 FNOR 0.2925448 Fl001510 FNOR 7.687151 Fl001511 FNOR 12.76381 Fl001512 FNOR 0.6339239 Fl001513 FNOR 0.1296391 Fl001514 FNOR 2.026971 Fl001515 CSXT 0.5001339

Fl001516 CSXT 12.04849 Fl001517 CSXT 16.64683 Fl001518 FNOR 0.7636141 Fl001519 FNOR 0.847017 Fl001520 FNOR 0.09713368 Fl001521 FNOR 0.1447862 Fl001522 CSXT 0.10776 Fl001523 FNOR 0.4623752 Fl001524 FNOR 0.300481 Fl001525 CSXT 0.4133642 Fl001526 CSXT 14.33104 Fl001527 FNOR 6.456421 Fl001528 CSXT 9.303665 Fl001529 FNOR 0.4349523 Fl001530 FNOR 4.39315 Fl001531 FNOR 0.3063336 Fl001532 FNOR 5.270461 Fl001606 FNOR 0.274722 Fl001607 CSXT 0.3291693 Fl001608 CSXT 0.1803837 Fl001609 FNOR 1.080441 Fl001610 FNOR 8.409599 Fl001611 CSXT 9.489729

Rail Bridges

Table VII-11 Marion County Railway Bridges

Railway Bridge Id Name Latitude Longitude Fl000006 SCLRR 29.16167 -82.13333

Law Enforcement and Fire

Table VII-12. Marion County Fire Stations Station Name City Type 1 Anthony Ocala Combination 2 Citra Citra Combination City Of 3 Dunnellon Dunnellon Combination 4 East Marion Silver Springs Career Florida 5 Dunnellon Volunteer Highlands 6 South Forest Umatilla Volunteer 7 Fort Mccoy Fort Mccoy Career 8 Hog Valley Fort Mccoy Volunteer 9 Orange Lake Reddick Career The Villages Of 10 Villages Of Marion Career Marion 11 North Marion Reddick Career Meadowood 12 Ocala Combination Farms

13 Orange Springs Fort Mccoy Career Rainbow Lakes 14 Dunnellon Volunteer Estates 15 Salt Springs Salt Springs Combination 16 Shady Ocala Career Silver Springs 17 Shores Ocala Career 18 Belleview Bellview Career 19 Sparr Citra Career 20 Golden Ocala Ocala Combination 21 Friendship Ocala Combination Rainbow 22 Dunnellon Career Springs 23 Pedro Summerfield Volunteer 24 Marion Oaks Ocala Combination 25 Lake Tropicana Dunnellon Volunteer 26 Electra Ocklawaha Volunteer 27 Weirsdale Weirsdale Career 28 Rolling Greens Ocala Career 29 Rolling Woods Umatilla Volunteer 30 Spruce Creek Summerfield Career 32 Liberty Ocala Career

Table VII-13. Marion County Police Stations Name City Belleview Police Dept Headquarters Belleview Citrus County Sheriff Dunnellon Marion County Sheriff Dunnellon District Dunnellon Dunnellon Police Dept Headquarters Dunnellon Marion County Sheriff Office Ocala Marion Co Sherriff Deputy-S Central District Ocala Marion County Sheriff North Multi District Ocala Marion County Sheriff Marion Oaks Dist. Ocala Marion County Sheriff's Department-South Ocala Marion County Sheriff Silver Springs Sherriff Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Marion County Sheriff Headquarters Ocala Central Florida Community College Police Ocala Ocala Police Department - District 1 Ocala F.B.I. Ocala Resident Office Ocala Marion County Sheriff Silver Springs Di* Ocala Marion County Sheriff South Multi Dist.* Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Marion County Sheriff Southwest Dist. Ocala Ocala Police Dept Headquarters Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department - Emergency Service Ocala Ocala Police Department - Downtown Service Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department Ocala Ocala Police Department - District 2 Ocala Florida Highway Patrol Troop G Ocala Florida Highway Patrol Ocala - Troop B Ocala U.S. Customs And Border Protection Port* Ocala Ocklawaha Sheriff's Department - Ocklawaha Ocklawaha Marion County Sheriff Reddick

Medical

Medical facilities will be one of the most problematic of all the facilities to evacuate. Presumably persons who are residing in the hospital are not capable of evacuating without assistance. The assistance needed may range from wheelchairs all the way up to cooperative movements with transit agencies for mass evacuations. Therefore, any medical facility needs to have its own protocols for small and mass evacuations in the event it is called upon to evacuate. There are three medical facilities in Marion County: AdvenHealth, Ocala Regional Medical Center, and West Marion Community Hospital. Because they are inland, they would experience a different type of situation than coastal counties. Inland facilities would be under duress from the overload of patients arriving from the facilities closer to the coast. Any of the medical facilities in the County may be called upon in a host capacity if a hurricane threatens another region, so having a plan is imperative. The medical facilities in Marion County are shown on Map VII-14 and listed in Appendix F.

Reviewing the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan provides a list of protocols that will provide the appropriate level of preparedness for critical facilities. Each medical facility should have a list of protocols in case of an emergency including but not limited to staffing, needed equipment, public information, victim identification, etc.

One special area of concern is nursing homes. Some nursing homes may be able to double as medical facilities during a storm, but the quantity of equipment in a nursing home will be much lower than in a hospital. Many of the same protocols as the above medical facilities should be included in a nursing home plan. The major difference is the lack of responsibility to the general public. The nursing homes will be most concerned with their current residents and any additional medical supplies they can provide to the hospitals.

Evacuation of child care facilities also represents a significant challenge in the event of a major disaster. Identifying the location of each provider and the number of children each facility accommodates provides emergency managers with a means to assess the potential risk posed to facilities impacted by a major event. The locations of child care providers in Marion County are depicted on Map VII-15.

Schools

Most of the time there will be sufficient notice of an oncoming storm, and schools will be closed. Therefore, the location of the schools becomes important primarily for sheltering persons who choose to not go to hotels or to the homes of family and friends. Schools are used because of their size and and built-in amenities including kitchens, plentiful space and multiple rooms for separation of groups or individuals if necessary. The schools that are set up as shelters will have sufficient supplies for a person or persons to endure a short stay. Those schools that are not opened as shelters may be required to open if the storm or number of individuals seeking shelter is greater than first expected. In such situations they are strictly emergency shelters. Due to the strength and timing of the storm there may not be enough time to supply these additional schools with more than basic necessities. These additional shelters can include private schools and church schools. Map VII-16 and Table VII-18 provides a listing of schools including their specific location. This information was obtained from the MarionCounty School Board.

Table VII-14

Marion County Public Schools

Number Name Type Location

71 Anthony Elementary School Anthony 91 Belleview Elementary School Belleview 661 Belleview High High School Belleview 631 Belleview Middle Middle School Belleview 101 Belleview-Santos Elementary School Belleview 651 College Park Elementary School Ocala 311 Dr. N.H. Jones Elementary School Ocala 641 Dunnellon Elementary School Dunnellon 521 Dunnellon High High School Dunnellon 172 Dunnellon Middle Middle School Dunnellon 181 East Marion Elementary School Silver Springs 191 Eighth Street Elementary School Ocala 561 Emerald Shores Elementary School Ocala 581 Evergreen Elementary School Ocala 211 Fessenden Elementary School Ocala 351 Forest High High School Ocala 531 Fort McCoy (6-8) Middle School Fort McCoy 531 Fort McCoy (K-5) Elementary School Fort McCoy 9690 Ft. King Middle Middle School Ocala 221 Greenway Elementary School Ocala 671 Hammett Bowen Elementary School Ocala 711 Harbour View Elementary School Summerfield 591 Horizon (gr. 5) Elementary School Ocala 721 Horizon (gr. 6-8) Middle School Ocala 721 Howard Middle Middle School Ocala 51 Lake Weir High High School Ocala 501 Lake Weir Middle Middle School Summerfield 281 Legacy Elementary School Ocala 741 Liberty Middle Middle School Ocala 691 Madison Street Elementary School Ocala 291 Maplewood Elementary School Ocala 611 Marion Charter School Elementary School Ocala 9670 Marion Oaks Elementary School Ocala 731 Marion Tech Inst High School Ocala 9401 McIntosh Area School Elementary School Ocala 9680 North Marion High High School Citra 331 North Marion Middle Middle School Citra

491 Oakcrest Elementary School Ocala 341 Ocala Springs Elementary School Ocala 541 Osceola Middle Middle School Ocala 361 Reddick-Collier Elementary School Reddick 162 Romeo Elementary School Dunnellon 621 Saddlewood Elementary School Ocala 681 Shady Hill Elementary School Ocala 551 South Ocala Elementary School Ocala 391 Sparr Elementary School Sparr 381 Stanton-Weirsdale Elementary School Weirsdale 401 Sunrise Elementary School Ocala 571 Vanguard High High School Ocala 461 Ward-Highlands Elementary School Ocala 251 West Port High School Ocala 701 Wyomina Park Elementary School Ocala

Sensitive Facilities

Other sensitive facilities and sites may pose a potential danger to the public. Items of the biggest concern in Marion County range from the evacuation of schools and day care centers to the limitations of allowing re-entry of persons into neighborhoods with unknown contaminants. The descriptions below are provided to allow emergency management a clear picture of the locations of such facilities and potential dangers.

Hazardous Sites

Hazardous sites include, but are not limited to, propane storage facilities, natural gas pipeline terminals, fuel storage facilities and tank farms. Each of these items can become extremely dangerous in a hurricane. Often propane tanks or fuel oil tanks are not secured in a hurricane proof fashion because they are not permanent structures. In the case that the structure is a facility versus a tank there is a higher level of risk as well as protection. Identifying locations of these sites will assist the safe re-entry into the area after a storm has passed. Additionally, it can help before a storm by indicating where a mitigation Strategy should be implemented.

Sabal Trail Pipeline - A new natural gas pipeline is proposed for construction beginning in 2016. The Sabal Trail underground natural gas pipeline project originates in Alabama, stretches through Georgia and terminates in Florida and, at completion, will be approximately 515 miles in length. Proposed construction in Marion County involves construction of approximately 33 miles of natural gas pipeline and one compressor station to be located near Dunnellon. Additional information and a map of the proposed alignment can be viewed at the following website: http://www.sabaltrailtransmission.com/florida.

Storage Tanks

Information on locations of facilities that have storage tanks either above ground or below ground is required by several government agencies. From this standpoint, finding the most up-to-date and accurate source of this data is important. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection maintains a database that allows the user to download spreadsheets listing the storage tanks by county. These storage tanks are important to emergency management in regards to the substances contained. If any of these tanks with hazardous wastes are damaged in a hurricane, the effects to the population can last longer than general cleanup of debris. These contaminants must be contained as soon as possible for emergency managers to re-enter an area. If the contaminants are allowed to leak for long periods of time the groundwater can be affected which can further damage the water supply, environment and wildlife.

Hazardous Waste Generating Facilities

Each county has a Hazards Analysis program, which includes a database of facilities that are responsible for hazardous materials. These facilities are classified as small quantity and large quantity generators. The number of generating facilities varies from county to county based on the land uses allowed by the counties. Counties with higher levels of industrial, agricultural and commercial land uses will normally have a greater number of hazardous generating facilities. The Marion County Hazardous Materials Facilities are shown on Map VII-1 and listed in Appendix C.

Institutional Populations

The other institutions that require special care may include prisons or detention centers. Marion County has three sensitive institutions that have restrictions to the residents on entering and leaving the facility. These include the Lowell Women’s Prison, Marion Correctional Institution and the Marion County Jail.

Electrical Generating Facilities

Electrical generating facilities are critical due to the many functions that rely on an electrical power supply and the widespread use of electrical appliances by the populous. These facilities, if damaged, can cause power outages. Loss of power to a public service is more detrimental than a simple lack of electricity to a home. If a hospital, police, emergency management or any other public service loses electricity the ability to provide emergency services is extremely limited. Any medical or emergency service should have a listing of backup sources of power.

The Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan provides a listing of protocols that will provide the appropriate level of preparedness for critical facilities. Each energy facility should have a list of protocols in case of an emergency including but not limited to:

 Support agencies providing information, equipment, labor, fuel and repair  Transportation of fuel or other emergency supplies  Assess energy supply and demands in restoring systems – on a prioritized allocation method  Setting up a system to process requests for fuel or power assistance

Mobile Home Parks

Another vulnerable population at any category of storm are residents of mobile home parks. Mobile home structures have a high risk for destruction in a hurricane if erected in wind or flood vulnerability areas. Mobile home residents, due to a lack of structural support, are usually encouraged to evacuate before residents of site- built homes and businesses. Because of their early evacuation, the transportation analysis will take into account the effect these residents have on the general process. The mobile home parks definition used for this document is the areas that have permanent residents, not including RV seasonal residents. The assumption is made that those residents who are mobile will, in fact, leave the area before the storm approaches. Map VII-17 and Appendix H provide a listing of the mobile home parks in Marion County, obtained from the Marion County Environmental Health Department.

Vulnerability by Jurisdiction

Due to the unpredictable nature of natural disasters, several areas in the County may experience impacts from a hazard event while other areas may experience minimal or no impacts. Therefore, understanding the vulnerability of any location in Marion County is extremely important. Vulnerability was assessed for each hazard and jurisdicition.

Assessment Methodology

The vulnerability assessment was conducted utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS)- based analysis methodology. The results of the vulnerability assessment are provided for each hazard listed below. A GIS- based analysis was conducted for nine hazards: Hurricane and Tropical Storm; Drought; Extreme Heat; Flood; Tornado; Severe Winter Storm; Riverine Erosion; Sinkhole; And Wildfire.

For the GIS-based assessment, digital data was collected from local, state and national sources. ESRI® ArcGIS™ 9.3.1 was used to assess risk utilizing digital data including local tax records for individual parcels and georeferenced point locations for hazard events. Using these data layers, risk was assessed by estimating the assessed building value associated with parcels determined to be located in identified hazard areas. HAZUS-MH was also used to model hurricane force winds and estimate potential losses.

The objective of the GIS-based analysis was to determine the estimated vulnerability of people and buildings to the identified hazards for Marion County using best available geospatial data. In so doing, local databases made available through Marion County such as local tax assessor records and parcel boundaries, were used in combination with digital hazard data. The results of the analysis provided an estimated number of people, as well as the numbers and values of buildings determined to be potentially at risk to those hazards with delineable geographic hazard boundaries. A brief description of the GIS-based analysis for each particular hazard is provided under the vulnerability assessment section of each respective hazard.

Vulnerability Assessment Matrix Table VII-15. Multi-Jurisdictional Vulnerability Assesment Matrix

Marion County Identified Natural Hazards Area Ocala Reddick McIntosh Belleview Dunnellon Unincorporated

Drought Low Low Low Low Low Low Flood Medium Low Low Medium Low Low Riverine Erosion Min Low Low Min Low Low Tornado High High High High High High Hurricane High High High High High High Wildfire High High High High High High Extreme Heat Low Low Low Low Low Low Sinkholes Medium High High High Low Low Severe Winter Storm Low Low Low Low Low Low High – 1 event recorded per 1-4 years Medium – 1 event recorded per 5-9 years. Low – 1 event recorded per 10+ years.

Riverine erosion

The majority of riverine erosion is directly linked to hurricanes and other severe coastal storms. No communities lie on the banks of the Ocklawaha River. There is always the potential for the river to become inundated with water causing flooding and would affect only small communities not related to the denser populations of the municipalities. Properties within 25’ of the river bank were included in the assessment.

Table VII-16. Vulnerability Assessment: Riverine Erosion Exposure (Total Potential Number of Improved Parcels within 25’ of River Bank Improved Value Of Individuals at Risk Parcels) (2.32PPH) 555 564,856,995 805

Sinkholes Marion County has a variety of geologic rock and sediment types located within 10 feet of the land surface, limestone, clayey sand, sand and peat. Since proximity to existing sinkholes is the best predictor of future sinkhole activity, properties within 200’ of an existing sinkhole were selected for inclusion in the vulnerability assessment.

Table VII-17 Vulnerability Assessment: Sinkholes Exposure (Total Potential Number of Improved Parcels within 200’ of an existing Sinkhole Improved Value Of Individuals at Risk Parcels) (2.32PPH)

1,453 679,031,217 2,784

The most potentially dangerous geologic formation for the creation of sinkholes is the location of limestone

near the surface. Every type of structure is vulnerable to sinkhole formation in the County. Structures located in the Area III portion of Map VII-18 and structures located approximate to an existing sinkhole are at greater risk regardless of the type of structure. In Map VII-18 and Map VII-19 a visual reference can be seen of both the geologic formation and the existing known sinkholes, respectively. The sinkholes that are known are mainly discovered and recorded by visual references. The known sinkholes for Marion County are presented in Appendix B.

Hurricanes and Tropical Storms

Between 1851 and 2020 approximately one hundred hurricanes of Category 1 to 5 have passed within one hundred miles of the Withlacoochee Region. With a minimal history of storms directly hitting the area and a coastline with a small population, the mathematical probabilities of hurricane damage and evacuation are limited. The Withlacoochee Region has been relatively safe from direct hits but storms hitting close to the region are similar to direct hits with regards to shelter strategies and other infrastructure related responsibilities. Map VII-20 depicts the frequency of hurricane events by County across the State.

Building-Related Losses

The building related losses are broken into two categories: direct property damage losses and business interruption losses. The direct property damage losses are the estimated costs to repair or replace the damage caused to the building and its contents. The business interruption losses are the losses associated with inability to operate a business because of the damage sustained during the hurricane. Business interruption losses also include the temporary living expenses for those people displaced from their homes because of the hurricane.

Table VII-18 below provides a summary of the losses associated with the building damage.

Table VII-18 Building Related Economic Losses (thousands of dollars) Event Type 10 Year 20 year 50 Year 100 Year 500 Year Property Damage 11,154 71,347 256,822 587,856 3,180,825 Building Interruption Loss 87 3,038 20,145 62,037 528,308 Total 11,241 74,385 276,967 649,893 3,709,133

Source: Hazus-MH Hurricane Event Report, probabilistic hurricane event model report, March 23, 2021.

Map VI-1 shows the hurricane tracks from the hurricanes that have directly affected Marion County in the past 150 years. Being prepared is always important regardless of the lack of recent hurricane history because of the vulnerable characteristics of the County.

Tornadoes

From NOAA’s storm prediction center http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/#data , historical tornado path data was collected. Tornado path width can vary dramatically making it difficult to precisely identify areas at risk for tornado damange. The average width of tornado path’s in the Florida is approximately 58’. For the purposes of the vulnerability assessment, improved parcels within 1,000’ of a historical path were included in the analysis.

Table VII-19 Vulnerability Assessment: Tornadoes Improved Parcels within Exposure (Total Potential Number of 1,000’ of an Historical Improved Value Of Individuals at Risk Tornado Path Parcels) (2.32PPH) 12,795 2,640,720,810 24,341

Floods

Minor flooding occurs every year in Marion County. As seen in the updated FIRM FEMA Flood Maps and Repetitive Loss List data some areas of the County are more susceptible to future flooding. Any structure type that is located within a floodzone and is not elevated or is not protected by levees, beams, or floodwalls is vulnerable to flood damage.

Table VII-20. Vulnerability Assessment: Flooding Jurisdiction Potential Number of Improved Parcels within a FIRM Exposure (Total Improved Individuals at Risk Type “A” or “AE” Flood Zone Value Of Parcels) (2.32PPH) Ocala 2,449 1,003,268,432 4,640 McIntosh 16 2,430,510 16 Belleview 533 88,953,112 698 Dunnellon 397 105,203,518 354 Reddick 0 0 0 Unicorporated 15,654 3,381,333,954 16,291

Flooding can produce widespread impacts in both rural and urban areas. Any type of agricultural, commercial, or residential development located in a floodplain is vulnerable to flooding. Increasing urbanization in some areas enhances the threat of flooding where drainage systems cannot cope with the increased input of stormwater runoff. In rural areas, property damage caused by flooding can be devastating to farmers. When flooding occurs during the growing season, farmers can suffer widespread crop loss. In some cases, there may be an opportunity for a second planting of a less profitable crop. Livestock farmers may lose livestock if they are unable to find safety from rising floodwaters. This threat is primarily associated with flash flooding.

Wildfires

The entire county is at risk for wildfire. With Reddick, McIntosh, and Dunnellon at the highest risk for potentially damaged jurisdictions.

Table VII-21. Vulnerability Assessment: Wildfires Total Estimated Number Of Total Improved Value Potential Number of Individuals at Risk Improved Parcels Of Parcels (2.32PPH) 145,559 $19,500,306,941 330,440

Drought

The primary agriculture product is crops and livestock, which is somewhat more resistant to drought then a vegetable crop. Any drought or heat wave will have a detrimental effect on the County. There are no recorded extended droughts, though there have been many seasonal droughts. Drought primarily affects farming and agricultural production. For purposes of the drought vulnerability assessment, parcels with bona fide farming operations were included in the analysis.

Table VII-22. Vulnerability Assessment: Drought Total Estimated Number Total Improved Value Farms Of Parcels 3,496 725,733

Extreme Heat

Extreme heat can have a number of deleterious effects on the human body. These include in order of increasing severity, sunburn, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. In addition to the effects on indiduals, various sectors of the agriculture community are affected by extreme heat. Livestock, such as rabbits and poultry, are severely impacted by heat waves. Millions of birds have been lost during heat waves. Milk production and cattle reproduction also decreases during heat waves. Also, the electric transmission system is impacted when power lines sag in high temperatures. The combination of extreme heat and the added demand for electricity to run air conditioning causes transmission line temperatures to rise.

Table VII-23 Vulnerability Assessment: Extreme Heat Total Estimated Number Of Total Improved Value Potential Number of Individuals at Risk Improved Parcels Of Parcels (2.32PPH) 145,559 $19,500,306,941 330,440

Severe Winter Storms

Freezes are the relatively the same as drought/heat wave in the affect they could have on seasonal vegetable crops but not on the more resistant timber crops or livestock. There have been seasonal hard freezes that have dipped well below the freezing point, but the majority of the freezing weather hovers around 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The entire County is vulnerable to severe winter storms.

Table VII-24. Vulnerability Assessment: Severe Winter Storm Total Estimated Number Of Total Improved Value Potential Number of Individuals at Risk Improved Parcels Of Parcels (2.32PPH) 145,559 $19,500,306,941 330,440

Man Made Hazards Hazardous sites can include, but are not limited to, propane storage facilities, natural gas pipeline terminals, fuel storage facilities and tank farms. All of these items can become extremely dangerous in a hurricane. Often propane tanks or fuel oil tanks are not secured in a hurricane proof fashion because they are not permanent structures. In the case that the structure is a facility versus a tank there is a higher level of risk as well as protection. Identifying the location of these sites will assist the safe reentry into the area after a storm has passed. In addition it can help before a storm by indicating where a mitigation strategy should be implemented.

Repetitive Loss Properties

Flood losses for Marion County are shown in Table VII-25. Additionally, Table VII-26 includes properties that have experienced repetitive losses due to flooding. Marion County has experienced relatively few flooding events and as Table VII-32 indicates, there are few properties at risk of ongoing flood damage. However, the history of various flooding events in the state shows a much greater potential for losses. Dense populations of Marion County are not particularly vulnerable to flooding therefore flood damage costs are expected to be significantly lower than a statewide average would assume.

VII-25. Flood Loss Statistics by Jurisdiction 01/01/1978 - 07/31/2009 Total Closed CWOP Total Community Name Open Losses Losses Losses Losses Payments City Of Ocala 23 18 0 5 223,813.80 City Of Dunnellon 6 3 0 3 11,310.19 Source: National Flood Insurance Program Statistics

Table VII-26. Repetitive Loss Properties

Total Total Number Mitigated Insured Occupancy Zone Firm Total City Building Contents of Paid Payment Payment Losses

Single 17,388.65 No Yes Citra A Y 17,388.65 0.00 2 Fmly

Marion Single 44,025.67 No No C N 44,025.67 0.00 2 County Fmly

Single No Yes Ocala X Y 8,973.95 0.00 2 8,973.95 Fmly

Marion Single 115,713.22 No No C Y 94,000.00 21,713.22 2 County Fmly

Source: Marion County Growth Services Department, 2018.

Future Development

The vulnerability of future development is hard to determine. Marion County has maintained its agriculture nature for some time. With the onset of development in the counties south of Marion there will be plenty of growth occurring in the coming years. Looking at the population projections below the explosion of the population is very evident. If the numbers remain accurate there will be an ever increase need for mitigation of potential hazards. Refer to Table VII-27, Projected Population, 2015-2040. Table VII-27 Projected Population 2015 – 2040 Marion County

PROJECTED POPULATION Census 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Incorporated Cities

Belleview 4,492 4,704 5,156 5,578 5,970 6,338 6,647

Dunnellon 1,733 1,815 1,989 2,152 2,303 2,445 2,564

McIntosh 452 473 519 561 601 638 669

Ocala 56,315 58,978 64,645 69,934 74,849 79,460 83,333

Reddick 506 530 581 628 673 714 749

Unincorporated Area 267,800 280,464 307,412 332,564 355,934 377,864 396,279

Marion County Total 331,298 346,964 380,302 411,417 440,330 467,459 490,241

Source: Census 2010 STF 1 and University of Florida, BEBR Report 169, P. 48, June, 2014. Note: Projection is based on BEBR medium projection.

Looking at the trends in population growth determination of the effect these growth trends and population expansions are creating needs to be quantified. Below is a table showing the municipalities and the unincorporated area of the county’s growth and its effect on disasters. The information is directly linked to growth. The parts of the community that are experiencing very little growth do not have the same concerns over “future development”. The rating is High (H), Medium (M) and Low (L). The value of H indicates a disaster requiring an extensive

amount of mitigation. The value of M indicates where there may be some extra incidents due to the growth trend, but not an excessive need for mitigation. Finally, L means that an increase in population and development trends will have little to no effect on the detrimental aspects of that hazard. The predictions imply that there will be growth primarily in Ocala and the unincorporated areas of the County. It is difficult to measure precisely where people will be living in the unincorporated areas. With that in mind the information is primarily limited to the jurisdictions.

Table VII-28. Marion County Hazard Effect on Potential Growth Jurisdiction Hazard Type

Riverine Hurricane/ Tornado Winter Extre me Erosion Tropical Stor m Sinkhole Flood Wildfire Heat Droug ht Storm

Belleview L M L M L L L L L Dunnellon H L H M H L L L L McIntosh L M L L L L L L L Ocala L H M M L L L L L Reddick L M L L L L L L L Uninc. County M H H M M M L L L

Looking now at what already exists in the County, a clearer picture of the potential damage to buildings, human populations and the areas most in need of mitigation projects becomes apparent.

The Future Land Use Map for the County is displayed in Map VII-21. This map is the most up to date data and includes land use information for Marion County and the incorporated jurisdictions. It is clear from this map that the majority of the land remains in rural, agriculture and conservation land uses. The populations are relatively compact in regards to land use ratios. As discussed in a previous question, a chart was developed to indicate which jurisdiction has the highest potential for damage from any one hazard. Therefore if future development is to occur in or near the existing jurisdiction an effort to address the specific hazard needs to be made.