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State Soldiers* and Sailors* Monument H&BS No. IND-61

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State Soldiers* and Sailors* Monument H&BS No. IND-61 State Soldiers* and Sailors* Monument H&BS No. IND-61 Monument Circle V-Wr-5' at Market and &orth Meridian Streets "XH'£>, Indianapolis qr -r^.p Marion County Indiana i L - PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Buildings Survey Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY HABS No. IMD-61 STATE SOLDIERS* AND SAILORS' MONUMENT • Location: Monument Circle at Market and North Meridian Streets, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana Present Owner State of Indiana Statement of The monument commemorates the Mexican, Civil, and Significance: Spanish-American Wars with the ebullient national spirit of the late nineteenth century. Its architectural style is Classical, populated "by sculptured figures -which tell the story of war and peace. The monument is situated at the focal point of the original Alexander Ralston city plan for Indianapolis. PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History: 1. Dates of erection: 1888-1901 (Ernestine Bradford Rose, The Circle, The Center of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, 1971, g. 46; Frederick Baumann, letter to J. F. Gookins, 2k Mar. 1888; "Quarterly Report", 18 Mar. 1901.) 2. Architects: Bruno Schmitz of Berlin, Prussia, was supervising architect; Frederick Baumann of Chicago was deputy architect. Daggett and Company, architects, prepared plans and specifi- cations for plaza improvement and supervised it ("Quarterly Report," 15 June I897). Louis H. Gibson was architect for the rebuilt (larger) cascade foundations ("Quarterly Report of Board of Regents to Governor", 15 June I899). 3. Original and subsequent owners: l8l6 Indiana entered the Union under a Federal Enabling Act which included a donation to the state of four sections of land as the site for a capital (Rose, The Circle, p. l). The location of the four sections was not specified. .. 1820 The present location for the city was selected lying near the confluence, of .Fall Creek and the White River (Rose, The Circle, p. Z). 1821 Alexander Ralston designed the plan of the city. He placed its one-raile square area at the center of the four donated sections, and at the center of this STATE SOLDIERS* AHB SAILORS' MOMENT. HABS Ho. IW)*6l (Page 2) ^$ ' tU - # one-mile square area he set aside a circular plot of ground for the governor's house (Rose, The Circle, pp. 2, 3> ?)• Christopher Harrison, one of the three commissioners appointed to lay out the town, hired Elias Fordham and Alexander Ralston as surveyors. Ralston is generally credited with creating the plan (.Edward A. Leary, Indianapolis, The Story of a City, Indianapolis and New York, 1970, pp. 11-12). The circular plot on which the Monument is built is therefore state property by virtue of the city plan. k. Builder or contractor, suppliers: Superintendent of the works: Thomas Mclntosh of Greencastle ("Quarterly Report of the State Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission," quarter ending 31 Mar. 1889.) Foundation contractor: Enos Hege, Indianapolis (Rose, The Circle,p. k6). Contractor for superstructure: Terre Haut Stone Works Co. ("Quarterly Report..." March 31, I8889, pp. 2-3; "Second Quarterly Report State Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission," 1 July 1889, P- l)« Contractor for Monument Plaza improvement and for tunnels, subchambers and conduits: F.M. Snyder & Co. ("Quarterly * Report", 19 Jan. 1897, p. 3; "Quarterly Report", 15 Dec. 1897, P. 3)- Sculpture, "War" and "Peace" groups: Bruno Schmits contracted to complete them and Rudolf Schwarz, a German sculptor, executed them ("Quarterly Report", Jan. 19, 1897 > P« 3; Rose, The Circle, p. 53)- Public lavatories and closets on west side of crypt: Wilcox and Judd of Indianapolis ("Quarterly Report", June 15, 1897). Elevator: Hale Electric Elevator Co. of Chicago (Hale Electric Elevator Co., bill submitted 29 May 189M- Contractor for re-built (larger) cascades: Conrad Bender (Rose, The^ircle, p. 50). Installer of pumping machine for cascades: Louis Koss, Indianapolis (Ross, TJie^Circle, p. 51). Sculptor of Army Astragal: NIcolaus Geiger of Germany (Rose, The_ Circle, p. 51). Sculptor of Navy Astragal; of top astragal bearing Civil War dates; of'Victory", the crowning figure of the monument: George W. Brewster, Cleveland, Ohio (Rose, The Circle, p. 51). STATE SOLDIERS * AMD SAILORS1 MONUMENT HABS No. IND-61 (Page 3) r*|E Artisans for Navy astragal: Bureau Brothers, Philadelphia # (Bureau Bros., Philadelphia, latter dated £3 July l89^)a 5. Original plan and construction: Competition: The Indiana Legislature in I887 appropriated $200,000 for the Monument, appointed a Monument Commission,- and designated Circle Park for the site (Rose, The Circle, p. kk). An archi- tectural competition was instituted in which architects or artisans were asked to include with their entries estimates of cost and a statement of their fee. A first place award of $1000 and a second place award of $500 could "be given. All estimates had to be tested "before adoption. Indiana stone was suggested for the material, or granite or marble, as necessary. The successful architect was required to guarantee everything and give a $10,000 bond. The architect whose plan was chosen would be the supervising architect, and his fee was limited to %. (Legal transcript of "Construction of Monument Act of 1887"), The first meeting of the Monument Commission took place on 28 June I887, James F. Gookins, an Indianapolis artist, was chosen secretary and George. J. Langsdaie of Greencastle was elected president (Rose, The Circle, p. kk). In the State Archives there are letters of recommendation for Gookins from John W. Root and Frederick Baumann, both architects in Chicago, and from several other people. A board of experts was established to advise in the judging of competition entries. Rose lists them (The Circle, p. kk) as John L. Campbell of Wabash College, Prof. William R. Ware, architect, School of Mines, Columbia College, N.Y.; and General Thomas A. Morris, Indianapolis. The State Archives has Ware's letter of acceptance (Willliam R. Ware, letter to J.F. Gookins, 28 July I887); James W. McLaughlin, architect, of Cincinnati (James W. McLaughlin, letter to J.F. Gookins, 29 July 1887); and Bauer of Bauer ft Hill, Chicago (Bauer, letter to J.F. Gookins, 28 July I887) all of whose letters — except Ware's — arrived too late for consideration. There is also a letter from Richard M. Hunt, architect, New York, stating that he could not accept the position as an expert (Richard M. Hunt, letter to J.F. Gookins, 1 Aug. I887)• The instructions to the Competitors, dated July I887, describe three acceptable classes of designs — a Memorial Hall, a Monument, or a Monument and Memorial Hall combined (Office o.f Board of Commissioners of the State Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, "Instructions to Competitors," July 1887). Ten architectural firms, were given special invitations to compete (Rose, The Circle, p. ^5). Letters from them are of interest. Frederick Baumann had many questions on the compe- STATE SOLDIERS* AHD SAILORS' MONUMENT MBS No. IKD-61 (Page k) rH;p ftft • tition program (Frederick Baumann, letters to J.F. Gookins, * 2k July 188T and k Sept. 1887). Adolf Scherrer acknowledged his special invitation to the competition (Adolf Scherrer, letter to J.F. Gookins 31 Aug. 1887). In a letter signed Burnham and Root in Root's handwriting -- matching that of the 22 June I887 recommendation of Gookins — Root declines for his firm ""because committees in charge never can be induced to make agreements to insure justice to the competing architects." Root goes on to say that a hoard of experts is "a long step in advance," but that he was concerned that the decision of the experts could "be overridden "by the "untrained committee." Root thought that Professor Ware was the only real expert on the committee, and he stated his opinion. He also feared that the Board of Commissioners might exert their influence, and he went on to describe the problems of architectural competitions as then set up and his concern for reforming the practices followed in public competitions (Burnham and Root, letter to J.F. Gookins, 27 Aug. I887). Other architects wrote in September and October to request information about the competition. Some of them were: Vonnegut and Bohn of Indianapolis; Leo C. Staub, Omaha, who noted his unsuccessful design for the Garfield Monument in Cleveland; Betnan and Parmentier, Chicago; and E.E. Myers of Detroit, Michigan, architect of the Texas capitol. Their letters are in the State Archives. J.C, Cochrane of Chicago admonished Gookins for failing to invite him to submit an entry (J.C. Cochrane, letter to J.F. Gookins, 27 Sept. 1887). There are also letters in the archives from many materials suppliers, such as the Chicago Pressed Brick Company and several granite companies who wrote requesting information about the competition. The final date for receiving competition entries was 12 Jan. 1888. By that time seventy had been received. Two were chosen unanimously by the commissioners, the entires of Bruno Schmitz of Berlin and Percy G. Stone of London. Schmitz was awarded- first prize, coming to Indianapolis in February to receive his appointment as supervising architect. Stone was given second prise, and Frederick Baumann of Chicago was appointed deputy architect (Rose, The Circle, p. H6), There are extensive detailed reports in the Archives attesting to Baumann1s diligent, discharge of his responsibilities. Construction up to time of completion of the stone shaft: Baumann wrote Gookins on 27 March 1888 that the drawings for the Monument foundation were completed and that specifications were in rough draft in case changes were required. He would be in Indianapolis u0n Tuesday morning" (Frederick Baumann, letter to J.F. Gookins, 2^ March 1888). The contract for foundation work was awarded in May 1888 to Enos Hege of STATE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT HABS No.
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