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The U.S. Oats Industry (AER-573)
C. in îtates U-- '^— ^ nentof >^^ Agriculture The U.S. Economic Research Service Oats Industry Agricultural EcofKmriic Report Linwood A. Hoffman Number 573 Janet Livezey Additional copies of this report... can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Ask for The U.S. Oats Industry (AER-573). Write to the above address for price and ordering instructioas. For faster service, call the GPO order desk at 202-783-3238 and charge your purchase to your Visa, MasterCard, Choice, or GPO Deposit Account. A 25-percent bulk discount is available on orders of 100 or more copies shipped to a single address. Please add 25 percent extra for postage for shipments to foreign addresses. Microfiche copies (Í6.50 for each report plus Í3 for processing) can be purchased from the order desk. National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Enclose check or money order, payable to NTIS. For faster service, call NTIS at 703-487-4650 and charge your purchase to your Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or NTIS Deposit Account. NTIS will ship rush orders within 24 hours for an extra Í10; charge your rush order by calling 800-336-4700. The Economic Research Service has no copies for free mailing. The U.S. OATS INDUSTRY, by Linwood A. Hoffman and Janet Livezey. Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Economic Report No. 573. ABSTRACT U.S. farmers produced about 16 percent of the total world oats production during 1980-85, down from more than 29 percent during 1960-64 when the United States was the largest producer. -
Giant Miscanthus Establishment
Giant Miscanthus Establishment Introduction Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), a warm-season perennial grass originating in Southeast Asia from two ornamental grasses, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis, is a popular candidate crop for biomass production in the Midwestern United States. This sterile hybrid is high yielding with many benefits to the land including soil stabilization and carbon sequestration. Vegetative propagation methods are necessary since giant Miscanthus does not produce viable seed. Field Preparation A giant Miscanthus stand first begins with field seedbed preparation. To provide good soil to rhizome contact, Figure 1. Rhizome segments. Photo credit: Heaton Lab. the seedbed should be tilled to a 3- to 5-inch depth. Soil moisture is critical to proper establishment for early stage time after the first frost in the fall and before the last one in germination. If working with dry land, prepare your field just the spring. If not immediately replanted in a new field, they prior to planting for optimal soil moisture. Good soil contact should be kept moist and cool (37-40º F) in storage. Ideal is also critical, so conversely, don’t till when the land is wet rhizomes have two to three visible buds, are light colored, and clods will form. Nutrient (NPK) and lime applications and firm (Fig. 1). Smaller rhizomes or those that are soft to should be made to the field as necessary before planting, the touch will likely have lower emergence. following typical corn recommendations for the area. Giant Miscanthus does not have high nutrient requirements once RHIZOME PLANTING established, but fields last for 20-30 years, so it is important Specialized rhizome planters are becoming available that adequate nutrition be present at establishment. -
Torrefaction of Oat Straw to Use As Solid Biofuel, an Additive to Organic Fertilizers for Agriculture Purposes and Activated Carbon – TGA Analysis, Kinetics
E3S Web of Conferences 154, 02004 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015402004 ICoRES 2019 Torrefaction of oat straw to use as solid biofuel, an additive to organic fertilizers for agriculture purposes and activated carbon – TGA analysis, kinetics Szymon Szufa1, Maciej Dzikuć2 ,Łukasz Adrian3, Piotr Piersa4, Zdzisława Romanowska- Duda5, Wiktoria Lewandowska 6, Marta Marcza7, Artur Błaszczuk8, Arkadiusz Piwowar9 1 Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz,, Poland, [email protected] 2 University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Economics and Management, ul. Licealna 9, 65-246 Zielona Góra, Poland, [email protected] 3 University of Kardynal Stefan Wyszyński, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Science, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa, Poland, [email protected] 4 Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz,, Poland, [email protected] 5 Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha str. 12/16, 90-131 Łódź, Poland, [email protected] 6 University of Lodz, Chemical Faculty, Tamka 13, 91-403 Łódź, Poland, [email protected] 7 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30- 059 Krakow, Poland, [email protected] 8 Czestochowa University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies, Dabrowskiego 73, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland, [email protected] 9 Wroclaw University of Economics, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Komandorska 118/120 , 53-345 Wrocław, Poland, [email protected] Abstract. -
Expanding the Production of Oats and Small Grains in Iowa and Minnesota Prepared by the Sustainable Food Lab and Practical Farmers of Iowa 4/27/15
Expanding the production of oats and small grains in Iowa and Minnesota Prepared by the Sustainable Food Lab and Practical Farmers of Iowa 4/27/15 Introduction Iowa is ranked 1st in the nation in corn and soybean production and Minnesota is ranked 4th in corn and 3rd in soybean production. Corn and soybeans are by far the most dominant crops in these landscapes, farmed by some of the most sophisticated farmers on some of the best soils in the world. The system optimizes for production of corn and soybeans to the exclusion of almost all other crops. The productivity of these systems and the infrastructure (support services, product development, and policy) that has grown to support these systems have been designed for efficiency in the production of these crops at the exclusion of diversity. While the system itself is a marvel, the loss of farming with a third or fourth crop in rotation has resulted in unintended consequences, including insufficient crop diversity to enhance soil quality, and a decline in the supply of small grains (oats, wheat, rye, barley) in a region that is home to some of the largest processors of small grains in the country. Commercial Rationale Supply Oats, once one the most popular crops grown in the Upper Midwest, have been declining in production for years as a system and markets have been developed to optimize the production of corn and soybeans. U.S. farmers planted 3.03 million acres of oats in 2014, down from 23.3 million in 1968. Growing corn and soy instead of oats is also contributing to a decline in oat production in Canada, one of the world’s largest net exporters of oats, and a key source of supply for the US. -
Processing, Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Finger Millet
a OSSN 0101-2061 (Print) Food Science and Technology OSSN 1678-457X (Dnline) DDO: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.25017 Processing, nutritional composition and health benefits of finger millet in sub-saharan Africa Shonisani Eugenia RAMASHOA1*, Tonna Ashim ANYASO1, Eastonce Tend GWATA2, Stephen MEDDDWS-TAYLDR3, Afam Osrael Dbiefuna JODEANO1 Abstract Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) also known as tamba, is a staple cereal grain in some parts of the world with low income population. The grain is characterized by variations in colour (brown, white and light brown cultivars); high concentration of carbohydrates, dietary fibre, phytochemicals and essential amino acids; presence of essential minerals; as well as a gluten-free status. Finger millet (FM) in terms of nutritional composition, ranks higher than other cereal grains, though the grain is extremely neglected and widely underutilized. Nutritional configuration of FM contributes to reduced risk of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and gastro-intestinal tract disorder when absorbed in the body. Utilization of the grain therefore involves traditional and other processing methods such as soaking, malting, cooking, fermentation, popping and radiation. These processes are utilised to improve the dietetic and sensory properties of FM and equally assist in the reduction of anti-nutritional and inhibitory activities of phenols, phytic acids and tannins. However, with little research and innovation on FM as compared to conventional cereals, there is the need for further studies on processing methods, nutritional composition, health benefits and valorization with a view to commercialization of FM grains. Keywords: finger millet; nutritional composition; gluten-free; antioxidant properties; traditional processing; value-added products. Practical Application: Effects of processing on nutritional composition, health benefits and valorization of finger millet grains. -
Ornamental Grasses for Kentucky Landscapes Lenore J
HO-79 Ornamental Grasses for Kentucky Landscapes Lenore J. Nash, Mary L. Witt, Linda Tapp, and A. J. Powell Jr. any ornamental grasses are available for use in resi- Grasses can be purchased in containers or bare-root Mdential and commercial landscapes and gardens. This (without soil). If you purchase plants from a mail-order publication will help you select grasses that fit different nursery, they will be shipped bare-root. Some plants may landscape needs and grasses that are hardy in Kentucky not bloom until the second season, so buying a larger plant (USDA Zone 6). Grasses are selected for their attractive foli- with an established root system is a good idea if you want age, distinctive form, and/or showy flowers and seedheads. landscape value the first year. If you order from a mail- All but one of the grasses mentioned in this publication are order nursery, plants will be shipped in spring with limited perennial types (see Glossary). shipping in summer and fall. Grasses can be used as ground covers, specimen plants, in or near water, perennial borders, rock gardens, or natu- Planting ralized areas. Annual grasses and many perennial grasses When: The best time to plant grasses is spring, so they have attractive flowers and seedheads and are suitable for will be established by the time hot summer months arrive. fresh and dried arrangements. Container-grown grasses can be planted during the sum- mer as long as adequate moisture is supplied. Cool-season Selecting and Buying grasses can be planted in early fall, but plenty of mulch Select a grass that is right for your climate. -
Potato, Sweet Potato, Indigenous Potato, Cassava) in Southern Africa
South African Journal of Botany 2004, 70(1): 60–66 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY EISSN 1727–9321 Sustainable production of root and tuber crops (potato, sweet potato, indigenous potato, cassava) in southern Africa J Allemann1*, SM Laurie, S Thiart and HJ Vorster ARC–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X239, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 1 Current address: Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 15 October 2003, accepted 17 October 2003 Africa, including South Africa, is faced with a problem of of healthy planting material are the most important lim- increasing rural poverty that leads to increasing urban- iting factors in production. African Cassava Mosaic isation, joblessness, crime, food insecurity and malnu- Disease (CMD) caused by a virus, is a problem in grow- trition. Root and tuber crops such as sweet potato and ing cassava. Plant biotechnology applications offer a potato, as well as cassava and indigenous potato are number of sustainable solutions. Basic applications important crops for food security. The latter are also such as in vitro genebanking where large numbers of important due to their tolerance to marginal conditions. accessions can be maintained in a small space, meris- Potato and sweet potato are of great economic value in tem cultures to produce virus-free plants and mass South Africa, with well-organised marketing chains and, propagation of popular cultivars in order to make plant- for potato, a large processing industry. -
World Demand, Future Risk and Where Food Use Is Going Global Food Demand
World Demand, future risk and where food use is going Global Food Demand • To meet global food demand in 2050, agricultural production must be 60 percent higher by weight than in 2005. Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012 Global Food Demand • Increases in food demand are due to: – population growth, – changes in diets, – higher incomes – and urbanization Global Food Demand • Global agricultural production for commodities in major commodities is projected to grow at 1.5% annually, on average, compared to 2.1% in the previous decade. • Overall demand for agricultural products (including food, feed, fibre and biofuels) is expected to increase 1.1 percent per year from 2005/07 to 2050, down from 2.2 percent per year in the past four decades. Cereals and Oilseed Increases – World cereals production must increase by 940 million tonnes to reach 3 billion tonnes; – meat production must increase by 196 million tonnes to reach 455 million tonnes; – and oilseed crops by must increase by 133 million tonnes to reach 282 million tonnes. Canada Share of Global Food Demand If the increases are realized – Canadian cereals production would need to increase 28.2 MMT by 2050; – Canadian oilseed production by 5.87 MMT Population • The world population, is forecasted to increase 32% Population • Asia will remain the world’s most populous region in the 21st century, but Africa will gain ground • The world population is expected to rise throughout the 21st century, although this growth is projected to decelerate markedly in 2050 to 2100. Dietary Change • Sugar, fat, and animal product consumption are increasing in almost all regions of the world Dietary Change • Food consumption is increasing on a global scale—from 2,250 calories per person per day in 1961 to 2,750 calories in 2007 to a projected 3,070 calories by 2050 • Despite increased consumption, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa will continue to have the lowest daily food caloric intake per capita. -
A Future Biorefinery for the Production of Propionic Acid, Ethanol, Biogas, Heat and Power – a Swedish Case Study
REPORT f3 2013:23 A FUTURE BIOREFINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROPIONIC ACID, ETHANOL, BIOGAS, HEAT AND POWER – A SWEDISH CASE STUDY Report from an f3 project Authors: Anna Ekman, Linda Tufvesson, Pål Börjesson and Serina Ahlgren PROJECT A FUTURE BIOREFINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROPIONIC ACID, ETHANOL, BIOGAS, HEAT AND POWER – A SWEDISH CASE STUDY PREFACE This report is the result of a cooperation project within the Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels (f3). The f3 Centre is a nationwide centre, which through cooperation and a systems approach contributes to the development of sustainable fossil free fuels for transportation. The centre is financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, the Region Västra Götaland and the f3 Partners, including universities, research institutes, and industry (see www.f3centre.se). The report is also based on ongoing research projects financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, which we hereby acknowledge. This report should be cited as: Ekman., et. al., (2013) A future biorefinery for the production of propionic acid, ethanol, biogas, heat and power – A Swedish case study. Report No 2013:23, f3 The Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels and Foundation, Sweden. Available at www.f3centre.se. f3 2013:23 2 PROJECT A FUTURE BIOREFINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROPIONIC ACID, ETHANOL, BIOGAS, HEAT AND POWER – A SWEDISH CASE STUDY SUMMARY The overall aim of this f3-project is to assess whether energy integration of bio-based industries will contribute to improved greenhouse gas (GHG) performance, compared to biorefineries between which there is no integration or exchange of energy. Comparisons will also be made against production systems based on fossil feedstock. -
Mississippi Wheat and Oat Variety Trials 2019
MISSISSIPPI WHEAT & OAT VARIETY TRIALS, 2019 Information Bulletin 540 • August 2019 MISSISSIPPI’S OFFICIAL VARIETY TRIALS TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Erick Larson, Chairman Keith Daniels MSU Extension Service Superintendent Grain Crops Specialist MAFES Research Centers Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State University Darrin Dodds Tom Allen Department Head Plant Pathologist Plant and Soil Sciences Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Stoneville, Mississippi Josh White John Blanton Manager, Forage Variety Testing Interim Associate Director, MAFES Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State University Wes Burger Associate Director, MAFES Mississippi State University NOTICE TO USER This Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin is a summary of research conducted at locations shown on the map on the second page. It is intended for the use of colleagues, cooperators, and sponsors. The interpretation of data presented herein may change after additional experimentation. Information included herein is not to be construed either as a recommendation for use or as an endorsement of a specific variety or product by Mississippi State University or the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. This report contains data generated as part of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station research program. Joint sponsorship by the organizations listed on pages 4-5 is gratefully acknowledged. Trade names -
Soybean Cyst Nematode Potatopotato Cystcyst Nematodenematode (PCN)(PCN) Surveysurvey
WisconsinWisconsin DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture,Agriculture, TradeTrade andand ConsumerConsumer ProtectionProtection 20072007 WisconsinWisconsin CropCrop DiseaseDisease SurveySurvey AnetteAnette Phibbs,Phibbs, DanielDaniel GerhardtGerhardt Plant Industry Laboratory 4702 University Ave Madison WI 53702 WisconsinWisconsin DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture,Agriculture, TradeTrade && ConsumerConsumer ProtectionProtection Plant Industry Bureau Pest Survey Section Plant Industry Laboratory • Potato Cyst Nematode • Soybean Viruses & Asian Soybean Rust • Seed Certification • Soybean Cyst Nematode PotatoPotato CystCyst NematodeNematode (PCN)(PCN) SurveySurvey • Find of Pale potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida) in US in Idaho, April 2006. • Immediate impact on international trade. • USDA APHIS PPQ initiated a nationwide survey, to determine prevalence of pest and to reassure trading partners of PCN free status of potato growing areas. DATCP Potato Cyst Nematodes Golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Pale cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) Females form cysts on true roots. • Spread by infested potatoes, soil, contaminated equipment. • Potato cyst nematodes are economically significant pests. • Potato cyst nematodes feed on the roots of potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. Wisconsin Departmentof Agriculture,TradeandConsumerProtecti Wisconsin Departmentof Agriculture,TradeandConsumerProtecti Potato cyst nematodes have never Number of Samples 100 200 300 400 500 0 1982 33 Nematode Cyst Potato and Pale Golden for 1983 44 1984 112 1985 331 1986 457 1987 418 1988 192 Survey Wisconsin 1989 156 1990 210 1991 257 1992 165 Year 1993 137 been detected inWisconsin. 1994 173 254 A 1995 ll samples tested ne 1996 129 1997 137 1998 121 1999 98 2000 200 2001 115 2002 g ative. 2003 2004 6 2005 64 on 2006 109 on RecentRecent PCNPCN FindsFinds • Potato cyst nematodes are regulated pests in 65 countries including US and Canada. -
Oat Protein: Health Benefits and Product Applications
OAT PROTEIN: HEALTH BENEFITS AND PRODUCT APPLICATIONS Innovating to Meet Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Needs Every Day To learn more about Tate & Lyle ingredients and innovations, please visit www.foodnutritionknowledge.info and www.tateandlyle.com. MAKING FOOD EXTRAORDINARY PROTEIN INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS AND NEEDS Protein as a macronutrient has increased in developing Protein is required to meet countries, the consumption of protein in these countries remains nutritional needs and to support 5 health and well-being.1 This inadequate. Additionally, the macronutrient is needed to meet protein consumed is generally low human nitrogen requirements and quality, lacking some of the amino acids required for proper growth provide indispensable amino acids 5 (also known as essential amino and development. acids). Amino acids are classified Not every protein source provides as those that cannot be synthesised all of the amino acids needed for by the body (indispensable or growth and development, and not essential) and those that the body all protein is equally bioavailable can synthesise (dispensable or from food sources; however, nonessential).2 However, some are bioavailability can change with • Dietary protein plays essential also conditionally indispensable, food processing.6-8 roles in the body, both structurally becoming essential under specific (muscle and bone) and functionally pathological or physiological Protein quality 2 (biochemical processes, conditions. Protein is an important Protein digestibility, a component structural and functional