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Ethno-Gynecological Study on the Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Southern Districts of West Bengal, India

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Ethno-Gynecological Study on the Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Southern Districts of West Bengal, India Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 15 (3), July 2016, pp. 482-486 Ethno-gynecological study on the medicinal plants traditionally used in southern districts of West Bengal, India Shibabrata Pattanayak1*, Tapan Kumar Mandal2 & Susanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay3 1Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals (R&T), 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India; 2Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata- 700037,West Bengal, India; 3Director of Medical Education and Research, Government of West Bengal, Swastha Bhavan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 09 September 2015, revised 30 September 2015 Information related with Ethno-Gynecological uses of locally available plants in the rural part of West Bengal were collected from the medicine men and documented. Three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different Agro-climatic conditions, viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad were selected for that purpose. Information was collected on the use of plant parts to treat problems like infertility, dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, profuse menstrual bleeding and irregular menstrual period and also as agent for termination of pregnancy. With the help of available literatures, the previously reported use of these medicinal plants are analyzed in the perspective of identifying any possible impact on problems considered as female diseases. Keywords: Gynecology, Medicinal plants, Traditional use, Santhal tribe, Lodha tribe, West Bengal. IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K 36/00, A01D 12/00 Rural people, especially the ethnic communities of Use of locally available herbs by the rural people India, traditionally use the plant resources for their as an agent to cure diseases depends on some other food, shelter and healthcare. In this regard, a factors also, among which daily contact and biological relationship is framed out and traditional interaction with plant is important. Moreover, people uses of plants as medicine are in practice. Such of rural areas have compulsion due to economic knowledge, mostly oral, is passed on to generations reasons and problems in accessibility in reaching to and thus appears to be eroding owing to the gradual the conventional health care system1. So, area wise changes in the life style of these communities1. India documentation is important. is one of the 12 countries with mega biological In the present study, attempts are being made to diversities. It is estimated that among around document such folk practices commonly used for 70,000 plant species, almost 7500 species have been various problems related with female genital system recorded to have medicinal value2. Among these, and other related matters. about 950 plant species are found to be new claims and worthy of scientific investigations. Many of these Methodology species are also used in various traditional medicine 3 The present study was performed in three systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, etc. districts of the southern part of West Bengal state of Presently, almost 300 species are used by India having different agro-climatic conditions. 7800 medicinal drug manufacturing units in India, 2 First one was Paschim Medinipur district, where which consume about 2000 tons of herbs annually . the soil is mostly sandy lateritic type. A good portion Even after identification of many plants used in of that district is covered by forest. The inhabitants Indian system of medicine, a large number of plants of that area are mainly of tribal origin (Santhal and or uses of plant are yet to be analyzed, particularly 1 Lodha tribes). The representative blocks are which are confined among the people of rural areas . Gopiballavpur 1 and Narayangarh. The second ___________ district was Purba Medinipur, where the soil is clay- * Corresponding author rich, and commonly water lodge in some areas PATTANAYAK et al.: ETHNO-GYNECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN WB, INDIA 483 during monsoon. The representative blocks are noted and no modification has been performed Moyna and Mahisadal. The third district was during presentation of the information. The plants Murshidabad, which is having mainly new alluvial they use are all locally grown. Samples loamy soil. The representative blocks are Raninagar were collected, photographed and branded at local -1 and Berhampur. The blocks of the concerned name. Subsequently these were identified by districts were selected arbitrarily basing on Taxonomist and the specimens were preserved in remoteness, representation of agro-climatic herbarium. conditions of the districts in question and uses of different plants as medicine by the people. Name of Observations the villages from where the samples were collected The result of the study is described briefly were also documented. The medicinal uses of the indicating the species of the plants, vernacular names, plants listed are not common in every place of the collection number along with a brief statement on study area. The plant specimens were always their medicinal uses in female diseases. Important collected from an area of its use, though same previous observations were also provided along with types of uses were found in some other places proper references. As many of the Gynecological of the study areas also. problems are actually some external expression of The investigation was performed by face to face many internal conditions which are dependent on dialogue with the medicine men and medicine many other factors, the principal reported uses of the women of the study area. Information was plants documented previously are also stated. This collected from both tribal people as well as from may help in searching correlation of possible non-tribal people of different castes and religions. expression of physiological effects of the concerned The knowledge and practice of those people were plant under discussion (Table 1). Table 1— The plants traditionally used in various female diseases in southern districts of West Bengal, India Botanical name, family, Medicinal uses Published reports Voucher No & local name Amaranthus spinosus L.; The root paste is mixed with a little amount of It is used in digestive problems, biliousness, agalactia, Amaranthaceae; molasses before eating it at morning to cure anemia, flatulence, anorexia, blood diseases, burning Col. No.11 (MP) leucorrhoea and other menstruation related sensation, leucorrhoea, leprosy and piles3. Bengali: Kantanotee, Hindi: problems of ladies. 4-5 gm of root is used daily It has actions as antidiabetic, antitumor, analgesic, Kanta Chaulai, English: Prickly for 15 days to achieve the desired result. antimicrobial, spasmolytic, hepato-protective, Amaranth spermatogenic, antifertility, antioxidant properties4. It 4 has also antigastric ulcer activity . Ambroma augusta L.f.; The root of this plant is fed to the female patients The root and bark of this plant is uterine tonic and Sterculiaceae; suffering from dysmenorrhoea and leucorrhoea. used for treatment of sterility and other menstrual Col No. 25 (P) The roots are collected, washed and pressed to disorders5,6. Powdered roots act as an abortificant and Bengali: Ulatkambal, Hindi: make a paste and mixed with some honey or antifertility agent5,6. Leaves are useful in treating Ulatkambal, English: Devil’s sugar and water before used as a drink. 2-3 gm of uterine disorder 5 and diabetes5,6. cotton fresh root is fed to the patients daily for one month. Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) Extract taken out from 4-5 succulent leaves is Traditionally this plant is used as antiseptic, R.M.King & H.Rob.; fed to the patients daily during the antineoplastic, antitussive, antiulcerous, astringent, Eupatorieae; menstruation period to control excessive cardio tonic, cicatrizant, depurative, diaphoretic, Col. No. 14 (P); menstrual bleeding. emollient, hemostat, hepatoprotector, laxative, Bengali: Ayapan, Hindi: Ayapan, stimulant, tonic and vulnerary agent7. English: Ayapana tea. Asparagus racemosus Willd.; Two to three gm of root of this plant are It is having effect on fertility and libido8, pregnancy Asparagaceae; collected, cleaned, pressed, mixed with some and lactation9. Col. No. 56 (M) sugar and water and fed daily to the patients of It has properties like immunomodulation10, antistress, Bengali: Satamuli, Hindi: Leucorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea. antidiarrhoeal, antidyspepsia, adaptogenic, antiulcerogenic, Satavari, antioxidant, cardio protection and phytoestrogenic action11. English: Asparagas. Contd 484 INDIAN J TRADIT KNOWLE, VOL. 15, No. 3, JULY 2016 Table 1— The plants traditionally used in various female diseases in southern districts of West Bengal, India—Contd Botanical name, family, Medicinal uses Published reports Voucher No & local name Calotropis gigantea (L.) The root of this plant is fed to the pregnant Various parts of this plant possess therapeutic properties Dryand.; Asclepiadaceae; women during first trimester of pregnancy to like antipyretic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, Col No. 35 (MP) induce abortion. 4-5 gm root paste is fed orally sedative, wound healing, antidiabetic12. Latex is used as Bengali: Akanda, Hindi: Madar, for that purpose. A paste made from the leaves base for mixing of other two plant parts for use as birth English: Giant Indian Milk is also introduced inside the vagina along with control tablet13. It is used for the treatment of Weed. feeding of the root paste if only feeding of root anthelmintic, carminative,
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