6. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
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E752 vol. 4 Revised Final Report May 30, 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project Resurfacing and Strengthening Projects, Phase I Environmental Impact Assessment n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hn Public Disclosure Authorized Afghanistan Public Disclosure Authorized Iran,? BalochistanFIL r - - - - SM 0 \ , ~~Sindhn Public Disclosure Authorized National Highway Authority, Pakistan FILF ChR~~llg EIA of PHRP Resurfacing and Strengthening Projects Contents 1 Introduction ........ ............... .......................... 1-1 1.1 Project Overview ....................................................... 1-1 1.2 Project Design and Implementation ....................................................... 1-7 1.3 Basic Features of Proposed Improvement ............................................. 1-7 1.4 Field Surveys and Public Consultation .................................................. 1-9 1.5 Environmental and Resettlement Issues ................................................ 1-9 1.6 Regulatory Requirements ....................................................... 1-9 1.7 Report Structure ....................................................... 1-10 2. Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework ... 2-1 2.1 National Policy and Administrative Framework . .........................2-1 2.1.1 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 ............................ 2-1 2.1.2 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 ................ 2-3 2.1.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement .................................................. 2-4 2.2 Interaction With Other Agencies ....................................................... 2-4 2.2.1 Federal and Provincial EPAs .......................................................... 2-4 2.2.2 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife. ................................ 2-4 2.2.3 Provincial Governments .2-4 2.3 Other Environment-Related Statutes . .2-4 3. Project Description . .3-1 3.1 Current State of RSP Sections and Approach to Upgrading.. 3-1 3.1.1 Delineation of Right of Way .3-1 3.1.2 Present State of RSP Sections and Proposed Improvements . 3-1 3.2 Scope of Improvement Works . .3-4 3.3 Highway Design .. 3-5 3.4 Construction Schedule .. 3-5 3.5 Construction Camps .. 3-5 3.6 Construction Material .. 3-7 4. Environmental and Social Baseline . .4-1 4.1 Corridor of Impact .. 4-1 4.1.1 Delineating the Col .4-1 05130/03 Contents ii EIA of PHRPResurfacing and Strengthening Projects 4.2 Physical Environment .......................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Geology .......................................................... 4-4 4.2.2 Physiography .......................................................... 4-5 4.2.3 Climate .......................................................... 4-5 4.2.4 Water Resources ..................... ..................................... 4-6 4.2.5 Soils .......................................................... 4-7 4.3 Ambient Quality of Environment .......................................................... 4-7 4.3.1 Ambient Air Quality ........................ .................................. 4-7 4.3.2 Noise Levels .......................................................... 4-12 4.3.3 Water Quality ................. ......................................... 4-13 4.4 Biological Environment .......................... ................................ 4-13 4.4.1 Vegetation .......................................................... 4-13 4.4.2 Protected Areas and Wildlife .......................................................... 4-13 4.5 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment . ...........................4-14 4.5.1 Demography and Settlements ........................................................ 4-14 4.5.2 Encroachments and Structures within the RoW .............................. 4-14 4.5.3 Cultural and Historical Heritage ...................................................... 4-16 4.5.4 Occupational Pattern .......................................................... 4-17 5. Public Consultation and Disclosure . ............................................ 5-1 5.1 General Stakeholder W orkshops .......................................................... 5-3 5.1.1 Workshops Organized by EIA Consultants ....................................... 5-3 5.1.2 Workshops Organized by ARUP ...................................................... 5-5 5.2 Scoping Sessions .......................................................... 5-6 5.3 Roadside Consultations ........................ .................................. 5-7 5.4 Address of Stakeholder Concerns .......................................................... 5-8 5.5 Public Disclosure .......................... ................................ 5-9 6. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ... 6-1 6.1 Land Resources .......................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Impact on Land Use and Resources ................................. ............... 6-1 6.2 Land Resources .......................................................... 6-1 6.2.1 Impact on Land Use and Resources ................................. ............... 6-1 6.2.2 Mitigation Measures ........................... ............................... 6-3 6.3 Water Resources .......................................................... 6-4 6.3.1 Impact on Water Resources .......................................................... 6-4 6.3.2 Mitigation Measures ........................... ............................... 6-5 6.4 Ambient Air Quality ................................................ 6-6 6.4.1 Impact on Air Quality During Construction ........................................ 6-6 05/30/03 Contents iii EIA of PHRP Resurfacingand StrengtheningProjects 6.4.2 Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase .................................... 6-6 6.4.3 Impact on Air Quality During Operation ......................................... 6-7 6.4.4 Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase ....................................... 6-12 6.5 Noise Levels .......................................... 6-12 6.5.1 Impact on Noise Levels .......................................... 6-12 6.5.2 Mitigation Measures .......................................... 6-13 6.6 Biological Environment .................. ....................... 6-13 6.6.1 Flora ......................................... 6-13 6.6.2 Fauna ......................................... 6-14 6.7 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment . ............................6-14 6.7.1 Highway Access and Safety ......................................... 6-14 6.7.2 Interaction with Local Communities .......................................... 6-16 6.7.3 Structures of Cultural or Religious Value ........................................ 6-16 6.8 Integration of Mitigation Measures in the EMP .................................... 6-16 7. Selected References ................................... 7-1 Appendices Appendix A: Project Description Data Appendix B: Environmental and Social Baseline Data Appendix C: Record of Public Consultations Appendix D: Amendments to Project Design and Tender/Contract Documents Appendix E: Noise Level Monitoring Data and Future Projections 05/30/03 Contents iv EIA of PHRPResurfacing and StrengtheningProjects Exhibits Exhibit 1.1: Existing Highway Network in Pakistan .............................................. 1-2 Exhibit 1.2: Traffic Forecasts and Rates of Increase for Selected Sections of the Project Corridor ................................... 1-3 Exhibit 1.3: Traffic Projections for Selected Sections of the Project Corridor 1-4 Exhibit 1.4: Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the National Highway Improvement Program .1-5 Exhibit 1.5: Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project, Phase I.1-7 Exhibit 1.6: Project Corridor: Sections Proposed for RSP Under Phase I.1-8 Exhibit 3.1: Worn-Out Road Pavement and Shoulder .3-2 Exhibit 3.2: Scouring of Median .3-2 Exhibit 3.3: Repair of Cross-Drainage Structures .3-3 Exhibit 3.4: Bypasses Within Sections Proposed for RSP. 3-4 Exhibit 3.5: Proposed Public Amenities .3-4 Exhibit 3.6: Probable Locations of Construction Camps .3-5 Exhibit 3.7: Workforce Requirements for Typical RSP Contracts .3-6 Exhibit 3.8: Estimated Machinery Requirements for Typical RSP Contracts 3-7 Exhibit 3.9: Sources of Aggregate and Sand for Construction .3-8 Exhibit 3.10: Estimated Construction Material Requirements .................................... 3-9 Exhibit 3.11: Estimated Water Requirements for Construction .................................. 3-9 Exhibit 4.1: Gujranwala-Kharian Section .4-2 Exhibit 4.2: Nowshera-Peshawar Section .4-3 Exhibit 4.3: Corridor of Impact (Col 1) Limits for Phase I RSP Sections .4-4 Exhibit 4.4: Rainfall Data for Phase I RSP Sections .4-5 Exhibit 4.5: Temperature Data for Phase I RSP Sections (1961-1990) .4-6 Exhibit 4.6: Wind Data for Phase I RSP Sections .4-6 Exhibit 4.7: Water Quality Sample Results for Selected Phase I Sections .4-7 Exhibit 4.8: Soil Characteristics and Land Use .4-7 Exhibit 4.9: Ambient Air Quality Data (JICA Study) .4-8 Exhibit 4.10: International Air Quality Standards ............. ....................... 4-9 05130/03 Exhibits V EIA of PHRP Resurfacing and Strengthening Projects Exhibit 4.11: Sampling Locations for Air Quality ...................................................... 4-11 Exhibit 4.12: Ambient Air Quality Measurements for Selected Phase I Sections ..... 4-12 Exhibit 4.13: WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments4-13