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Understanding the Concept of Sevani in Ayurveda: a Cadaveric Study

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International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Original Research Article E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Understanding the Concept of Sevani in Ayurveda: A Cadaveric Study Rahul Kumar Gupta1, Rajni Dhaded2 1Assistant Prof. Department of Rachna Sharir, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda & Research, Nardani Jammu, J&K, 2Associate Prof. Department of Rachna Sharir, BVVS Ayurvedic Medical College Bagalkot, Karnataka Corresponding Author: Rahul Kumar Gupta ABSTRACT need to be made available. Sevani is one of the important structures emphasized by Sevani is one of the vital structures emphasized Sushrutacharya which are situated five in by all most all the Acharyas where surgical the Shiras, one each in Jihva and Medra.1 procedures should be avoided. These are Sevani is a structure which holds two parts situated five in the Shiras, one each in Jihva and together for its structural and functional Medra. The relevance of Sevani is mentioned in different operative procedures. So an attempt is integrity in the body. These Sevani should made to understand the term Sevani , also to be avoided during the surgical procedures as know the relevant structures underlying it , to there is difficulty in the reunion of the 2 explore the extent, nature and particular structure. In this study an attempt has been anatomical structure as Sevani with the help of made to define the term Sevani, its nature cadaveric dissection was taken. and extent through the conceptual study and observations drawn from the cadaveric Keywords: sevani, shira, jivha, medra, nature, dissection. cadaver, dissection. MATERIAL AND METHODS INTRODUCTION Three adult cadavers available in the Nature has bestowed many favors department of Shareera Rachana, SDMCA, which are scientific miracles working for a Hassan were dissected in the region of smooth running of the human body. Veda is Shiras, Jihva and Medra. Numbers were an ancient scientific document from which assigned to the cadavers and observations every science and technology have were recorded. Structures were identified in originated. Ayurveda the science of life, is the dissected region and a complete also an outcome of such an imperishable anatomical study was done. This was intention of man’s conscience to explicit the correlated with the data collected from nature added with the sequential classics and contemporary science and comprehension of knowledge gained critically analyzed. through self experimentation. Thus science can be considered as a gradual evolution OBSERVATION which includes addition in the basis of The dissection of the three cadavers Ayurveda, whose eternal basic principle in the region of head, tongue and penis was remains the same. Ayurveda as a medical carried out as per Cunningham’s manual of science basically demands understanding of practical anatomy. Dissection procedure the structural and functional constitution of was carried out layer by layer, observed and the human body and its application in the studied. practice of medicine and surgery. Detailed subject on basic Ayurvedic anatomical concepts in view of modern anatomy are International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 242 Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Rahul Kumar Gupta et.al. Understanding the concept of sevani in ayurveda, a cadaveric study. DISSECTION OF HEAD REGION highest nuchal lines. In front, it persists Skin: The skin was thick and provided with between the two frontal bellies and blends numerous hairs. Then a median incision was with the subcutaneous tissue at the root of taken into the skin of the scalp from the root the nose. On each side, extends as a thin of the nose to the external occipital membrane superficial to the temporal fascia protuberance. Then a coronal incision was and is attached to the zygomatic arch. taken from the middle of the first cut to the Loose Subcutaneous Tissue root of each auricle. This incision is Beneath the epicranius muscle and continued behind the auricle to the mastoid its aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue was process and in front of it to the root of the seen. In this space emissary veins were zygomatic arch. traced. Dense Subcutaneous Tissue Pericranium It was composed fibrous and fatty It is the outer periosteum of skull tissue connecting firmly the overlying skin and loosely covers the bones except at the and underlying galea aponeurotica and sutural margins where it is continuous with epicranius muscle. Large blood vessels and the endocranium through the sutural nerves of the scalp were seen. The walls of membrane. The periosteum was striped the vessels were adherent to the fibrous from the external surface of the vault of the network. skull down to a level below the upper Epicranius Muscle and Its Aponeurosis attachment of the temporalis muscle The bellies of occipitalis and detaching it from the skull. Looking at the frontalis were joined to form the epicranius skull from above four bones was seen. The muscle. The temporo parietalis muscle was bone forming the anterior part of the vault also traced. A sagital incision was taken was the frontal bone. The greater part of the through the epicranial aponeurosis from the roof and side walls of the cranial cavity root of the nose to the external occipital were formed by the right and left parietal protuberance. Each half was pulled laterally bones. Sagittal suture was found in the and detached from temporal lines. midline were the two parietal bones joined. Occipito-Frontalis The two parietal bones joined the frontal A pair of occipital bellies behind and bone at the coronal suture which crossed the a pair of frontal bellies in front were united cranial vault from side to side and runs by intervening galea aponeurotica. Each downwards and forwards. The posterior part occipital belly took origin from lateral two of the vault was formed by the occipital thirds of the superior nuchal line of occipital bone which was better seen when the skull bone and from the adjacent mastoid is viewed from behind. A suture named bone.The frontal bellies had no bony origin lambdoid, which was in inverted ‘Y’ was and they arised from the skin and found joining the occipital bone to the subcutaneous tissue of the eyebrow and the parietal bones. Lateral to the occipital bone, root of the nose. In front of coronal suture a part of the temporal bone was better seen, the frontalis joins with galea aponeurotica. when the skull was viewed from the lateral Temporo-Parietalis side. A cut was taken at the sutures of the A variable sheet of muscle took skull through the periosteum as it is origin from the galea and inserted into the continuous with endocranium. This turned root of the auricle. the scalp, periosteum and upper parts of the Galea Aponeurotica temporalis muscles down over the auricles. The occipitalis and frontalis muscles A saw cut was made parallel to the sagital were joined together by a sheet of fibrous suture on both the sides avoiding cutting tissue. This sheet extended behind between deeper than the marrow cavity. Caution was the two occipital bellies and is attached to taken in the temporal region as the skull was the external occipital protuberance and very thin. A blunt chisel was introduced into International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 243 Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Rahul Kumar Gupta et.al. Understanding the concept of sevani in ayurveda, a cadaveric study. the saw cut and the inner tables were split and the bones. Torn blood vessels were by a series of sharp strokes with a mallet. most numerous close to the midline. Even when this is divided, the calavaria did Superior sagittal sinus was seen deep to the not lift free because it was attached to the endocranium. The endocranium was more endocranium and the outer covering of the firmly attached to the base of the cranial brain; both were firmly adhered to the cavity than to the vault. Branches of the interior of the skull. middle meningeal artery, with the Sutural Ligaments corresponding veins on the external The loosely attached pericranium surfaces, were found grooving the inner was found continuous with the endocranium table of the skull. The largest venous sinuses through the sutures of the skull, forming the were traced along the lines of attachment of sutural ligaments. When the part of the skull the dural folds to the endocranium. Then a cap was detached, the outer surface of the median sagittal incision was made through endocranium was exposed. It was found to the endocranium to open the superior be rough because of the fine fibrous and sagittal sinus. vascular processes which passed between it FIGURES OF DISSECTION OF SCALP Figure 1. layer of scalp Figure 2 : Cranial Sutures 1 Skin , 2 subcutaneous, 3 galea aponeurotica 1 coronal sutures, 2 sagittal sutures, 3 lambdoid suture, 4 loose aerolar tissue, 5 pericraium 4 squamous suture Figure 3: Emissary veins Figure 4: Confluence of Sinuses International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 244 Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Rahul Kumar Gupta et.al. Understanding the concept of sevani in ayurveda, a cadaveric study. Figure 5 : Sutural ligament Figure 6: layers of sutural ligament TONGUE DISSECTION After seeing the infrahyoid structures, for During the dissection in the neck the clear approach to the tongue, mandible region the following structures were found was separated from the maxilomandibular from superficial to deep. The skin was joint. Then the mandible was cut vertically incised from the chin to the sternum in the at symphysis menti and lower lip. The left midline. The flaps of the skin were reflected mylohyoid muscle and part of the right were inferolaterally where the platysma muscle reflected and the geniohyoid muscle was traced. The anterior jugular vein was extending from the mental spine of the traced near to the midline which was mandible to the body of the hyoid bone was piercing the deep fascia about two cm above observed.
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