OS, Sr, Nd, Pb, 0 Isotope and Trace Element Data from the Ferrar Flood Basalts, Antarctica: Evidence for an Enriched Subcontinental Lithospheric Source
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Under the Volcano Stabilizing the Early Javanese State in an Unstable Environment
chapter 4 Under the Volcano Stabilizing the Early Javanese State in an Unstable Environment Jan Wisseman Christie Introduction Over the millennia the impact of human beings on the landscape and environ- ment of Java has been profound. But the converse has also been true: the envi- ronment of the island – both climatic and geological – has shaped the lives of those who dwell there. Given the proximity of Java’s active volcanoes to densely populated areas of the island, the devastation they have caused has at times been significant. Yet, possibly because of the relative geological quiescence of the twentieth century, many historians have tended to discount the role played by eruptions and earthquakes in shaping the early political and social history of the island.1 Memories of the destructive force of the volcanoes are, however, preserved in Javanese chronicles, and these were often invested with political signifi- cance. The massive eruption of the volcano Merapi at the heart of central Java late in 1822, perceived as an omen of the coming of the mythic ‘Just King’ in a time of famine and oppression, helped to precipitate the Java War of 1825 (Carey 1986:131). Eighteenth-century central Java perceived the ash-rains and eruptions of the volcanoes Merapi and Prahu in the 1760s and 1770s as signs heralding collapse of the state (Ricklefs 1974:186). The Babad Tanah Djawi states that the death of the great seventeenth-century king Sultan Agung was marked by Merapi’s rumblings (Ricklefs 1974:18), and, according to the Babad ing Sangkala, that volcano’s major eruption of 1672 not only killed many out- right, but presaged far greater political and military calamities (Ricklefs 1978:181). -
Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria
Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria Evgeniy A. Shinakov Svetlana G. Polyakova Bryansk State University ABSTRACT There has not been completed yet the typological research of Euro- pean polities' forms (of the complexity level of ‘barbarous’ state- hood, ‘complex chiefdoms’, and rarely – ‘early states’ – in terms of political anthropology), and of the pathways of their emergence. This research can be amplified with the study of the First Bulgar- ian kingdom before Omurtag's and Krum's reforms (the end of the 7th – the early 9th century) and synchronous to it complex chief- dom of ‘Rosia’ (in terms of Porphyrpgenitus) of the end of the 9th – mid-10th century. They have typological similarity in military and contractual character of pathways of state genesis (in ‘Rosia’ it is supplemented by foreign trade) as well as in the form of ‘barba- rous’ (pre-Christian) statehood. It has a multilevel – ‘federal’ – character. At the head there were the Turks-Bulgarians and the ‘Rhos’ (‘Ruses’), whose settlements had limited territory, the ‘slavini- yas’ with their own power structure were subordinated to them and supervised by the ‘federal’ power strong points. The ‘supreme’ power domination is supported not only by the fear of weapon, but also by the treaties based on reciprocity. The common interest was, for exam- ple, the participation in robbery of the Byzantine Empire and interna- tional trade. At first in a peaceful way, later with conflicts, Bulgaria was transformed into a unitarian territorial state by the reforms of the pagans Оmurtag and Krum, and then of the Christian Boris (the latter had led to the conflict within the top level of power – among the Turkic-Bulgarians aristocracy). -
Revisions for 2016 Catalog
Revisions for 2016 Catalog 1. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 56: Added 270CR – Replacement Rubber Tip 2. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 42: Door Protection Plates – changed 220S diamond tread to (diamond tread available on in US26 only) 3. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 25: added (compatible with 1-3/4” doors only) to 27N Fasteners 4. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 83: Changed 334V image 5. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 83: Changed 334V Fasteners bullets to read: • Two (2) #8 finish washers; • Two (2) 7-32 x 1-7/8” OHMS for 1-5/8” doors; • Two (2) 7-32 x 2” OHMS for 1-3/4” doors. 6. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 83: Added 334V Engraving: Available up to four characters. 7. October 3, 2016 – Trim – Page 83: Added 322V Engraving: Available up to four characters. 8. October 3, 2016 – Electrified Solutions: Added touchless actuators 2-659-03707 and 2-659- 3708 to page 76 9. October 3, 2016 – Electrified Solutions: Added touchless actuators 2-659-03707 and 2-659- 3708 images to page 53 10. October 4, 2016- General Information: Changed address under Montgomery DC from 200 County Court Lane, Montgomery, AL 36105 to 200 County Court, Montgomery, AL 36105 11. October 4, 2016 – Locks: changed last sentence on page 1 in the introductory paragraph 12. October 5, 2016 – T&W: removed all brass finishes (MIB) from product line and removed verbiage, “brass thresholds are supplied with brass screws.” Pages included: 2, 3 (General Information), 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 26, 29, 35 and 38 13. -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
John V. Augustin, “ICAO and the Use of Force Against Civil Aerial Intruders”
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm mater. UMI films the t.xt directly from the original or copy submitted. ThuI, sorne thesil and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quallty of thl. reproduction 1••pendent upon the quallty of the cOPY IUbmittecl. Broken or indistinct print, coIored or poor qUBlity illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, subsfanctard margins, and improper alignment can adverselyaffect reproduction. ln the unlikely .vent that the adhor did not send UMI a comptete m8l1uscript and there are mi.ing pagel, the.. will be noted. AllO, if unauthortzed copyright material had ta be removed, a note will indicat8 the deletian. Qversize material. (•.g., map., drawingl, chartl) are reproduced by sectioning the original, begiming al the upper Ieft·...d corner 8I1d continui"", tram Ieft to right in equal sec:tionI with small overtaPl. Photographs induded in the original manuscript h8ve been reprodUCld xerographically in thil capy. Higher quality 8- x 9- bl8ck and white photographie prints are aVllilllble for .,y photogl'8Phl or illustrations 8ppearing in thil capy for an addlticnll charge. Contllct UMI direclly 10 ORIer. Bell & HoweIIlnf0nn8tion and Leaming 300 North Z8eb Raad. Ann Arbor. MI 48108-1348 USA 800-521-0800 • ICAO AND THE USE OF FORCE AGAINST CIVIL AERIAL INTRUDERS by John V. Augustin A thesis submitted ta the Faculty ofGraduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) Institute of Air and Space Law Faculty of Law, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, canada August 1998 1.V. -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Excerpt More information Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION the end of the carolingian empire in modern historiography The dregs of the Carlovingian race no longer exhibited any symptoms of virtue or power, and the ridiculous epithets of the Bald, the Stammerer, the Fat, and the Simple, distinguished the tame and uniform features of a crowd of kings alike deserving of oblivion. By the failure of the collateral branches, the whole inheritance devolved to Charles the Fat, the last emperor of his family: his insanity authorised the desertion of Germany, Italy, and France...Thegovernors,the bishops and the lords usurped the fragments of the falling empire.1 This was how, in the late eighteenth century, the great Enlightenment historianEdward Gibbonpassed verdict onthe endof the Carolingian empire almost exactly 900 years earlier. To twenty-first-century eyes, the terms of this assessment may seem jarring. Gibbon’s emphasis on the im- portance of virtue and his ideas about who or what was a deserving subject of historical study very much reflect the values of his age, the expectations of his audience and the intentions of his work.2 However, if the timbre of his analysis now feels dated, its constituent elements have nonetheless survived into modern historiography. The conventional narrative of the end of the empire in the year 888 is still a story about the emergence of recognisable medieval kingdoms which would become modern nations – France, Germany and Italy; about the personal inadequacies of late ninth- century kings as rulers; and about their powerlessness in the face of an increasingly independent, acquisitive and assertive aristocracy. -
The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
CENTER FOR PUBLIC HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Final Draft Elizabeth Michell July 31 2009 An abbreviated version intended as guide for visitors OYL/iJ INTRODUCTION On late spring day visitor stands on slight rise on the banks of Big Sandy Creek from where across Cheyenne chief Black Kettles village once stood whole lot of he nothing comments laconically It is quiet place its peacefulness giving it timeless But quality the visitor is wrong and the timelessness is deceptive You can never visit the past again The Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site is in southeastern fifteen Colorado about miles northeast of the small town of Eads This is high plains country dusty and flat the drab greens of grass and scrub melding into the relentless browns of desiccated vegetation sand and soil The surrounding landscape is crisscrossed dirt by trails and fence lines dotted with windmills outbuildings and stock watering tanks At the site groves of cottonwoods tower along the gently sloping banks of Big Sandy Creek in fact it would be difficult to follow the stream course without the line of trees For most of the year water does not flow and the creek bed is choked with sand sagebrushes and other the site dry prairie species Though is part of shortgrass most of the land is prairie actually sandy bottomland that may eventually become It in Black Kettles tallgrass prairie was dry time and it is still dry evident by how much more sagebrush species there are now -
870 Order Status for Sos Best Practices & Faq S
870 ORDER STATUS FOR SOS BEST PRACTICES & FAQS MODIFIED: 4/21/2017 870 BEST PRACTICES & FAQS LOWE’S EDI The EDI 870 Order Status is transmitted by Lowe’s Special Order (SOS) EDI trading partners to convey information on each stage of an SOS Purchase Order (PO) until it is shipped. It is also used to report exceptions for an SOS PO such as re-scheduling the delivery date or providing an out-of-stock condition for an item. The timeliness and accuracy of the EDI 870 is vital to the success of the SOS program for Lowe’s and our SOS suppliers. This document provides the best practices for ensuring the EDI 870 is in compliance with Lowe’s requirements and supplies answers to common inquiries. Best Practices Setup EDI map to match Lowe’s EDI 870 specifications - These documents are available on www.loweslink.com under the EDI Special Order Vendor section to assist in building the EDI 870 correctly and to provide an overview of the EDI SOS process, or click on the link. o LowesLink® EDI Special Order Vendor section o SOS EDI Vendor Packet o EDI 870 Order Status Specifications o EDI 870 Order Status Business Examples o SOS EDI Pre-Production Vendor Checklist o EDI 870 Order Status Matrix o EDI 870 Order Status Milestones Submit an EDI 870 for each stage of the SOS PO - These are key documents for the development of the 870 processes and data stream. o EDI 870 Order Status Matrix o EDI 870 Order Status Milestones Within 24-hours of receiving the EDI SOS PO, provide an EDI 870 to Lowe’s. -
Marking Systems
by Underhill® Marking Systems SPEED AND QUALITY OF PLAY…GOLF AS IT SHOULD BE. You know Grund Guide for making premier yardage marking solutions. Now backed with the strength of Underhill® distribution and product development, you can have the highest quality and most complete yardage marking systems available today and into the future. Sprinkler Head Yardage Markers Model SPM 106 - TORO Engraved FITS:Toro 730, 750, 760, 780, 830/850S, 834S, 835S, Caps: Perfect-fit caps engraved and color DT34/35S. 854S. DT54/55, 860S, 880S filled for high visibility. Multiple number locations COLORS: Caps - l/m/l/l vary for lids with holes. Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l Model SPM 107 - Rain Bird FITS: Rain Bird E900, E950, E700, E750, E500, E550, Engraved Caps: Perfect fit caps engraved 700, 751, 51DR and color filled for high visibility number COLORS: Caps - l/m/l/l identification. Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l/l Model SPM 110 - Hunter FITS: Hunter G800, G900, G90 Engraved Caps/Covers: Perfect-fit COLORS: Flange cover / caps - l flange covers (G800, G900) and caps (G90), Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l engraved and color filled for high visibility. Model SPM 101 - Fit Over Discs: FITS: Toro 630, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 830/850S, Anodized aluminum (no paint!), these 834S, 835S, DT34/35, 854S, 855S, DT54/55, 860S, markers are engraved and custom fit to each 880S, Rain Bird 47/51 DR, 71/91/95, E900, E950, sprinkler. Multiple number locations vary for lids E700, E750, E500, E550, 1100, Hunter G-70/75, with holes. -
Transition to Learning October 12-26, 2020
George Wythe High School Principal: Mrs. Kimberly Ingo Assistant Principal: Mr. Jason Morris Athletic Director: Mr. Doug Campbell Transition to Learning October 12-26, 2020 When do I return to October 12: 9th Grade, identified-invitation by teacher, GED students, New Horizon school? October 19: 10th Grade (in addition to students who started October 12th week.) October 26: 11th & 12th Grade (in addition to students who started October 12/19th) If I my child is a Distance Learner and I want to change them to in person, can I do that? And When? Are mask required? Students will be required to wear appropriate face coverings on busses and while at school. If they do not have one, they will be provided one. What time does do 7:55 a.m. students may enter the building for temperature check and screening school start? Breakfast will be available and students will eat in the cafeteria eating 6 ft apart, mask must be worn unless eating. Students not eating will go directly to their first block class. Students will not be allowed to gather in commons areas (hallways, bathrooms) School day will be 8:15 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Student Drop off and Student Drop off: Begins at 7:55 a.m. in the front entrance of the school follow the orange cones set up in the front Pick Up parking lot. DO NOT BLOCK the BUS LANE Students will enter the building at the main lobby entrance and the gym door entrance. Student Pick up: Begins at 2:00 p.m. -
A Great Carolingian Panzootic
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository TIMOTHY NEWFIELDa A great Carolingian panzootic: the probable extent, diagnosis and impact of an early ninth-century cattle pestilenceb Abstract This paper considers the cattle panzootic of 809-810, ‘A most enormous pestilence of oxen the most thoroughly documented and, as far as can be occurred in many places in Francia and discerned, spatially significant livestock pestilence of the 1 Carolingian period (750-950 CE). It surveys the written brought irrecoverable damage.’ evidence for the plague, and examines the pestilence’s spatial and temporal parameters, dissemination, diagnosis and impact. It is argued that the plague originated east of This reference to an epizootic in the Annales Fuldenses in 870 Europe, was truly pan-European in scope, and represented is one of roughly thirty-five encountered in the extant written a significant if primarily short-term shock to the Carolingian sources of Carolingian Europe.2 In total, mid eighth- through agrarian economy. Cattle in southern and northern Europe, mid tenth-century continental texts illuminate between ten including the British Isles, were affected. In all probability, and fourteen livestock plagues, the majority of which affec- several hundreds of thousands of domestic bovines died, ted cattle.3 In no earlier period of European history does the adversely impacting food production and distribution, and written record reveal so many epizootics.4 Cattle pestilences human health. A diagnosis of the rinderpest virus (RPV) is are reported in 801, 809-10, 820, 860, 868-70, 878, 939-42 tentatively advanced. -
A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade
L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153