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The Role of Tourism for Human Resource Development in Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India

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The Role of Tourism for Human Resource Development in Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management June 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 113-128 ISSN: 2372-5125 (Print), 2372-5133 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development The Role of Tourism for Human Resource Development in Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India Dr. Sherap Bhutia1 Abstract Tourism is one of the most important economic activities and smokeless industry in the world today, because it directly generates services, products, foreign currency, employment and investments. It is one of the key global industries which is labour intensive and generates manifold benefits. It helps develop national economies, catalyses development process, highlights and conserves cultural heritage, and acts as a bridge in international harmony and peace. Human Resource Development is central to the sustainability-oriented tourism development initiative. Based on secondary sources, literature search and discussions with key stake holders and interaction with the tourist, the existing tourists’ scenario and situation and their role on human resource development were studied. The information collected from different sources has been verified with the field experience. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of tourism for promoting the human resource development in Darjeeling District of West Bengal. Tourism has emerged as an important socio-economic activity of the people of Darjeeling District having its unique geographical advantage with a mountainous topography and is a leading tourist destination in West Bengal. It has created the opportunity for local people to overcome their latent problem of high unemployment. The major conclusion that has emerged from the present study is that it is particularly important to promote tourism as an instrument for human resource development in the region. The tourism industry in Darjeeling is a large & diverse field & it provides challenging & exciting career opportunities for people of this region of the country. It is hoped that these findings will generate strong interest in government agencies, private- sector stakeholders in tourism development, academics, and the media. It is also hoped that the discussion and analyses generated by the observation and findings will contribute to a better-informed policy dialog between government and the private sector in more fully exploiting the potential of tourism in the economy. Keywords: Tourism Industry, Human Resource Development, Tourist 1 M.A., B.Ed, PhD, Assistant Professor (W.B.E.S.), Post Graduate Department Of Geography, Chandernagore Government College, P.O. Chandernagore, Dist. Hugli, Pin: 712136, West Bengal, India. Phone: +919531560277, E-Mail: [email protected] 114 Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2(1), June 2014 1. Introduction Tourism is one of the most important economic activities in the world today, because it directly generates services, products, foreign currency, employment and investments. In countries where tourism has become a flourishing service industry, it has a far-reaching economic and social impact on national development. To make the human resource development through tourism industry, it is necessary to put in place a system of training and professional education with necessary infrastructural support capable of generating manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the tourism and hospitality industry, both quantitatively and qualitatively. West Bengal is a land of splendid destination with rich cultural heritage, historical heritage, flora & fauna, spectacular beaches & mountains & wildlife. There are a few states in India with the variety that West Bengal has offered. Tourism has various dimensions in various aspects like economic, social, demographic, technological, geographical, cultural, natural, and so many fields. The attractions of tourists have been growing up on the above stated types of dimensions. Tourism now has laid down emphasis on the rural areas. In the context of socio-economic objectives it is necessary to take vital steps which are constructive and positive. Tourism is also an employment oriented sector. It is estimated that hotel and catering sector provide more than 10% of the total employment generated by the tourism industry. There is an opportunity which supplies various goods, needed for tourism product may be in the position to open avenues of employment. The importance of ensuring high standards of quality and efficiency in tourism services to develop international tourism is well-recognized. It is par1icularly important in the case of Darjeeling District intending to promote tourism as an instrument for economic development. It can, however, be achieved only by initiating specific measures for human resource development in various segments of the tourism industry. Hotels, restaurants, travel agents, tour operators and other providers of tourist services require professionally trained personnel in various trades at all levels. Taxi drivers, coach operators and other grass-roots level workers need to be trained to make them skilled and personable. 2. Objectives of the Study The literature review identified a number of gaps and weaknesses in the existing literature on tourism development in destination regions. Sherap Bhutia 115 The overall aim of this study was to build upon these resources by analyzing the role of tourism and its impact on Human Resource Development in the study region. The present paper is structured to elucidate with the following main objectives: (i) To explore the status and their pattern of Tourism in Darjeeling District (ii) To explore the reasons for which the foreign and domestic tourists visit the destination for recreational and leisure purposes and also to gain experience from art, culture, lifestyle etc, which in turn create a tremendous impact on local economy. (iii)To impart knowledge and develop skills oriented to the nature and needs of the Tourism Industry for present and future needs. (iv) To analyze the role of tourism for Human Resource Development (HRD) in the study area and their importance on the economy of the region. (v) To develop an organizational culture in which superiors subordinate relationship, team work, and coordination among different sub-units are strong and contribute to the organizational wealth, dynamism, professional well-being, motivation and pride of the employees in Tourism Industry. (vi) To assess the status of HRD in the tourism sector and to prescribe suggestions meant for the development of tourism. 3. Materials and Methods The study has been based on empirical observation available from different reports, various journals, and e-journal. Collection of available literature, detection of situation in the place of importance was gathered through personal observations and, collection of related information’s. Observations were made based on news reports, interaction with some of the local people associated with tourism and tourist, discussions with some of the Officials, NGOs, travel agencies etc. who are actively working on tourism. Based on secondary sources and discussions with key stake holders and interaction with the tourist, the existing tourists’ scenario and situation and their role on human resource development were studied. The information collected from different sources has been verified with the field experience. 116 Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2(1), June 2014 4. Background of the Study Area Darjeeling is northern district of West Bengal state in eastern India and famous for its beautiful Himalayas hill station & and Darjeeling tea. Geographically the district can be divided into two broad divisions, the hills and the plains. Darjeeling the northern district of the Jalpaiguri Division, roughly resembles an inverted wedge with its base resting on Sikkim, its sides touching Nepal, Bhutan and the Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal. Darjeeling is second least populated district with a population of 18.4 lakhs as per 2011 Census. Around 61 percent of total district population is rural. Population density of Darjeeling at 585 persons per sq. km is significantly lower than the state average due to high proportion of inhabitable hilly regions in district geographic area. Adult gender ratio of Darjeeling has increased from 937 females per 1000 males in 2001 to 971 females per 1000 males in 2011, while child gender ratio has decreased from 962 females per 1000 males to 943 females per 1000 males during the same period. Darjeeling is a flavorful district, internationally known and famous for its tea industry. This hill town is on a lower range of altitude in comparison to the others in the Himalaya, which allows the residents and visitors to escape the immense summer heat of the plains. This placement allows all of Darjeeling’s occupants to experience the area to its fullest, getting the best mixture of soothing temperatures possible. The immense history of Darjeeling is intertwined around the tea plantations, leading to the development of several tea estates around town. 5. Pattern of Tourism and its Importance in Darjeeling District of west Bengal The success of tourism in Darjeeling district owes to several factors like its location, climate, accessibility and the series of tour packages available. Nestled among the undulating mountains with the shimmering Kanchenjunga towering over the sapphire sky, Darjeeling district is fondly called "Queen of the Hills" and is a perfect gateway for those
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