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For Preferred BirdTracksthis specialYou because have receivededition you are of a A special BirdTracks edition from Winter 2012 preferred WBU customer!

PRST STD Customers Only U.S. POSTAGE Frequently Asked Are you enjoying BirdTracks? We’d appreciate your feedback and comments MARIETTA,PAID OH PERMIT NO 161 the next time you visit our store.

: At a feeding workshop several years ago, a speaker suggested Qplanting oaks so that squirrels will have acorns to eat and will stop bothering my bird feeders. I planted two oaks fi ve years ago and now have ® by Kevin Cook ’s nice trees but no acorns. Did I plant the wrong oaks? and our partner Q : If you bought your trees from a garden shop or nursery, you probably got trees that were about 10–12 years old, which would make them something under 20 years old now. MostA oaks don’t start producing acorns until they are 25–30 years old, and some oak species don’t start producing acorns until they reach or pass 50 years. Your trees may need just a few more years or possibly another decade before they start producing acorns. Any other tree species that bears fruits or that squirrels will eat—hawthorn, plum apple, maple—will Species need at least three to fi ve years in the ground to start producing. Tracks BIRD by JULIE ZICKEFOOSE To decoy the squirrels now, off er them corn on or off the cob in their own feeder and place it away from your Profi le: Purple Versus House bird feeders. You can also plant multiple patches of sunfl owers and corn and disperse the patches in nooks and , , crannies.  e giant sunfl owers with the huge heads are okay, but the regular wild type will produce more small male. male. heads that will preoccupy the squirrels far longer.

: I planted both Virginia creeper and cherry to provide Qwinter food for in my yard. Both are well developed Northern Mockingbird. and producing fruit now; but by the time autumn came and all the leaves fell, the berries and cherries were gone with none left for winter. What should I do? : Cherries are a summer fruit eaten by thrushes, robins, bluebirds, thrashers, starlings, waxwings, blackbirds, orioles,A and a lot of other birds. Creepers are an autumn fruit, and I have seen 37 bird species eating the fruits just in my yard. That fruits are being produced in your yard and are getting eaten clearly indicates you are doing nothing wrong except expecting them to last longer into the year than they natu- rally will. For winter-durable fruits readily eaten by birds, consider the BILL THOMPSON, III MENKE/USFWS DAVE pome-bearing species in the family: hawthorns, service- P VS. H F— Continued from page 1 berries (locally called “juneberries”), crabapples, Ussurian In every issue of BirdTracks pear, and the various rowans (variously known as “mountain- we feature questions from Purple Finch, House Finch, he two common “red” fi nches that and wings—the lower sides and belly it’s a male House Finch. If the fl anks ashes” or “beam-trees”). female. female. visit bird feeders all over North only are clean white. On the male are white with a hint of pink, it’s a If you live in an area naturally grown with native junipers, you, our best customers. AmericaT are the Purple Finch and the House Finch these areas are streaked male Purple Finch. juniper cones—erroneously called “juniper berries”—make We welcome your House Finch.  e House Finch is the with brown. an excellent winter food for Townsend’s Solitaire, American suggestions, comments more common of these two species Female Purple Finch versus Robin, bluebirds, thrashers, Northern Mockingbirds, and and questions. We also and also the more commonly misiden- Male House Finch female House Finch several others. tifi ed, because its can vary A male House Finch has much Female Purple look entirely hope to share your tips and from dull red to bright orange. I’ll start more localized color. He is reddish diff erent from males and are much ideas for enhancing our by describing the male Purple Finch. only on his head, breast, and lower more boldly streaked than female : I forgot a and left it hanging unused in a tree all summer. While doing some autumn yard back.  e upper back and wings House Finches. Look for the sharp con- enjoyment of backyard are streaky brown, without a wash Qwork, I rediscovered the feeder and found it almost completely covered with gray papery material that birds and wildlife with Male Purple Finch trast in the female Purple Finch’s dark looked like a beehive or a wasp nest or something. What would do this, will they do it again, and can the bird  e male Purple Finch is a lovely bird, of color. Perhaps the quickest way brown and white areas. Female House feeder still be used if cleaned or is it ruined? other BirdTracks readers ing into dull white.  is diff erence is head, unlike the fl at-crowned House thanks to the pinkish-purple wash of to distinguish the two adult male Finches are more muted in color, with all over . especially evident in the faces of the Finch. At feeders, Purple Finches are color throughout his plumage. It looks fi nches is to look at the birds’ lower fi ne streaks of brown and tan blend- : Bald-faced hornets build paper nests in trees, but they enclose the cells so that they are not usually vis- two female fi nches. A dark cheek patch calmer and will perch quietly in one as if the male Purple Finch has been fl anks (the area on the bird’s side ible from the outside. Yellow-jackets build paper-celled nests but almost always at or below ground level. Write to us at: encircled in white sets the Purple Finch place to eat while the fl ightier House dipped in raspberry wine.  is rasp- from below the wings to the tail): if Continued on page 6 VariousA paper-wasps build discrete little hanging nests. I suspect your bird feeder was taken over by European BirdTracks apart.  e female House Finch’s face is Finches fl utter and tweet incessantly. berry color bleeds onto the bird’s back the fl anks are streaked with brown, paper-wasps, which closely resemble yellow-jackets.  ey started on the inside and through the summer kept c/o BWD dull and evenly colored. building and expanding to the outside. Songs  ey are fi nished with the nest in autumn and won’t use it again. Now that it’s winter, they have abandoned PO Box 110 Overall appearance  e songs of both species are rich, Feature Bird Bits  e Backyard Watcher the nest and you can clean your bird feeder and rehang it. Marietta, OH 45750 In overall appearance the Purple rapid, and musical, but the Purple Species Profi le: Purple Versus House Understanding Birds’ 10 Things I’ll Watch for in My Backyard Finch looks more substantial, plumper, Finch’s song lacks the harsh, burry Finch ...... 1 Life Stages ...... 3 This Winter ...... 4 Red-shafted adult male Or send an e-mail to: and chestier. Purples often appear to downward slurred notes that the House Northern Flicker. LEE KARNEY/USFWS ...... 5 ALVARO JARAMILLO ALVARO [email protected] BILL THOMPSON, III have a slight crest of feathers on their Finch inserts into every song. Birds in Depth Readers’ Questions

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM Cozy Winter Housing for Birds ...... 2 5 CONTENTS 1 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers Birds in Depth Bird Bits e Backyard Watcher by BILL THOMPSON, III Understanding Birds’ Life Stages Cozyby BILL THOMPSON, WinterIII Housing for Birds by KEVIN J. COOK 10 ings I’ll Watch for in My Backyard is Winter ven though it’s 90 degrees F outside farm. We always wonder if it’s because every snow-covered tree look like it’s full ost people use the terms “chick,” as I write this column on an overcast the natural food crop of seeds and fruits of bright red apples. “juvenile,” “fledgling,” “imma- 1 2 E Eastern M October afternoon, I already am looking is so abundant that the finches don’t need Roosting bluebirds. A friend of mine Bluebird. ture,” and “subadult” as synonyms for forward to some of the things winter will to visit the feeders for sunflower . any young bird. A bird might be a teased me a few Octobers back, when hold in store. Here’s what’s on my mind is year looks to be a good year for he3 saw me winterizing our bluebird juvenile in one breath and an imma- today about the chilly tomorrows ahead. Purple Finches, which now outnumber ture in the next. boxes with weather stripping. “Why I like the anticipation of fall. At our the House Finches at our feeders. don’t you put in a heating pad, too, Bill?” Historical bird literature reveals place fall migration is almost always bet- that ornithologists have not always Common . If it’s a finch Believe me, I thought about it. Many ter than spring migration—we get more invasion winter, then this is among cavity nesters use our bluebird boxes as used the terms consistently, either. birds, and we get more unusual birds. e BILL THOMPSON, III 6our most hoped-for visitors. We’ve had nighttime roosts in winter. But on the Nevertheless, these are the traditional only thing missing is fresh spring plumage ornithological descriptions: redpolls at the feeders here in southeast- coldest nights of the winter, as many as and the symphony of singing males. To ern Ohio about once every decade, dating a dozen of our bluebirds may crowd into Northern ensure that you get the most out of this 1 BILL THOMPSON, III Hatchling: A bird freshly out of the MASLOWSKI WILDLIFE PRODUCTIONS back to the mid-1970s. e northern a single nest box, sharing body heat to Pygmy-Owl. fall’s migration, I offer these suggestions seed crop has to really crash in order for survive the night. So we do all we can to . A bird remains a hatchling while hatchling. Bluebird nestlings. for the birds in your backyard. it relies on its remaining yolk supply or this tiny finch with the red beret and tiny make sure they are as warm as possible. until it is able to regulate its own body Mild of hard winter. e wooly bill to make it this far south. When they is includes plugging the boxes’ vent temperature. 3 4 10 bear caterpillars are all solid black do come, they come in large numbers. holes with weather stripping and placing this fall. I see them crossing the road as Despite their small size, they can empty a cup of dried grass on the floor of the 2 Nestling: A bird that remains nest- I drive to work, and crossing our yard the feeders in no time. box for extra insulation. BOB MILES/USFWS bound until able to fly. at home. All black is supposed to mean Evening . And speaking of Turkey flock. We’re already spread- we’ll have a really harsh winter. I’m not pigs at the feeder, the Evening Gros- ing scoop-fulls of cracked corn 3 Chick: A young bird that leaves the sure about the science behind this, but 5beak, another infrequent visitor to our under2 the pines. Any day now the Wild nest soon after hatching and typically we could sure use a lot of snow and rain farm, is in a class by itself. We usually Turkeys will start showing up. e wanders by walking in a family group this winter. It’s been a bad drought here hear Evening Grosbeaks going over, young females come first, one brave until able to fly. this summer in southeastern Ohio and calling kleeer! Often one of a flock will bird getting a crop of corn while the everything has suffered from the lack of others watch from deep cover. Soon 4 land in the top of a huge tulip poplar and Fledgling: A bird able to fly but still water. Mild winters (like last winter) give glance down at our feeders. is large the rest of the flock shows up for the BILL THOMPSON, III dependant upon parents for food and USFWS us different backyard birds than do harsh finch prefers to feed at a platform feeder, smorgasbord. We’ve had as many as 20 Weatherizing and Northern Pintail chick. A bluebird fledgling with its parent. cleaning takes place other care. winters. If this coming winter is to be so we try to keep the right offerings out turkeys scratching and pecking below before new nesting harsh, the signs may already be appear- our pines. But we only put out enough 5 from Halloween until Mother’s Day in material can be placed Juvenile: A young bird incapable of ing—and not just from the colors of the hopes of coaxing these striking yellow corn for a few hours’ feeding. We don’t in the box. Downy 5 6 Woodpecker. breeding and in its first plumage of wooly bears. birds to stop to eat. want them to get too used to humans. non-downy feathers. These are mostly After all, turkey season in this part of DONNA DEWHURST/USFWS Red-breasted Nuthatches. So far this . soft feathers that quickly wear and fall we’ve had record numbers of Red- the world is a big deal! By early spring, must be replaced. breasted9 Nuthatches—they’re even visit- when the gobblers start displaying, the flock disperses to the wooded hills and ou might be surprised at how likely to use the house. 6 ing our feeders! Normally this tiny pine is is also a good time to check Immature: A young bird capable specialist from the North passes through hollows. many of your bird houses are Likely Suspects for Winter of breeding and in its first plumage usedY as nighttime roosts in winter. the hardware on your boxes and our area but does not linger. ere must Hermit rushes. Harsh winter or poles. Wood can shrink as it weath- of hard feathers gained after molting have been a super seed crop in the North Telltale clues are there in the form of Bird House Lodging its soft feathers, but not yet identi- not, we always have a few Hermit droppings, feathers, and bits of food. ers, and screws and nails can work to produce so many “nutties.” Or possibly rushes1 wintering here. eir soft loose. Are the access doors closing cal either in pattern or color to adult the seed crop was large last year and tiny If you live in a region with cold win- A surprising array of birds feathers. “Subadult” is a synonym of tchuk! calls on a still, sunny winter day STEVE HILLEBRAND/USFWS ter weather, you can make your nest tightly? Is the box securely attached can use your summertime lodg- LEE KARNEY/USFWS this year. For whatever reason, this win- alert us to look for them in the sumac to the pole? Is the baffle still hanging “immature.” ter looks to be a record-setter in terms of boxes cozier with a few winterizing ings on a cold winter evening: Gulls are well known for their di- Juvenile Bald Eagle. An immature Red-tailed Hawk. tangle or the grape vines where they tricks. Start by cleaning out the box if properly? Red-breasted Nuthatches. are eating the remaining fruits. ey e final bit of winterizing involves • verse immature ; but many it has messy old nesting material in it. birds exhibit no immature stage, going Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. We’ve seem such a delicate bird to last the Fashion a new nest cup of clean, dried plugging the boxes’ vent holes. ese • Small woodpeckers such 7 also seen more than a dozen Yellow- winter long here. When heavy snow holes are vital in summer to keep directly from juvenile to adult when Historical bird literature reveals grasses and place it in the box. as Hairy or Downy they replace their soft feathers. bellied8 Sapsuckers around our farm this comes, they stick to the deep woods the nestlings from getting too hot. and forage for grubs and insects in is is a good time to check the wa- • Black-capped or Carolina past month. We always hope that one ter resistance of your nest boxes. If the In winter the holes are just drafty. 7 that ornithologists have not always or more will linger to peck at our old the duff along our woodland streams. We plug the vent holes using mold- Chickadee Adult: A mature bird capable of sides or top are weathered or cracked breeding and in a plumage that no trees, and dine on our peanuts and suet. On sunny mornings they climb to the they may absorb rather than shed wa- able clay weather stripping. Stuff the • Red-breasted or White- used terms consistently and I love sapsuckers—they are elegant birds ridge-top edge habitat where fruits of weather stripping snugly into the longer changes in appearance with ter. If the wood is too far gone, it’s time breasted Nuthatches successive molts. (With the exception, to watch. eir swooping flying style sumac, greenbrier, dogwood, bitter- to replace the house. vent holes from the outside. is will Cardinal numbers. No matter how sweet, cherry, and grape can be found. • Tufted Titmouse of course, of birds that change plum- occasionally overlooked reminds me of how cuckoos fly. e sap- harsh or mellow the winter, we Otherwise a coating of all-weather help keep the body heat of roosting sucker numbers could also be a predictor Somehow seeing a Hermit rush on birds from escaping, and it will keep age between winter and summer, such already4 know our cardinal numbers wood stain or light-colored latex paint • Bluebirds as American Goldfinches.) of cold weather ahead. our farm makes the winter seem less will help keep the winter dampness rain and snow from getting into the specifically defining certain terms. will be high. ey had a great breeding cold and dreary. So you can bet I’ll be

out. Stain or paint on the outside only box. Cozy winter housing is a small • Small owls—Pygmy-Owls, MENKE/USFWS DAVE Purple Finches. e pit-pit-pit of season, as evidenced by all the dark- looking and listening sharply for this billed juvenile birds around the yard BILL THOMPSON, III and try to do it when birds are not gift you can give to your birds as the Screech or Elf Owls An adult male American Goldfinch in breeding Purple Finches is already a regular special winter bird. cold weather sets in. plumage. morning7 sound around our feeders. right now. On the first snowy day we’ll • Bats Some winters we barely see any of this certainly count more than 100 Northern

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM beautiful wine-colored finch on our Cardinals at our various feeders, making 2 3 4 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers Birds in Depth Bird Bits e Backyard Watcher by BILL THOMPSON, III Understanding Birds’ Life Stages Cozyby BILL THOMPSON, WinterIII Housing for Birds by KEVIN J. COOK 10 ings I’ll Watch for in My Backyard is Winter ven though it’s 90 degrees F outside farm. We always wonder if it’s because every snow-covered tree look like it’s full ost people use the terms “chick,” as I write this column on an overcast the natural food crop of seeds and fruits of bright red apples. “juvenile,” “fledgling,” “imma- 1 2 E Eastern M October afternoon, I already am looking is so abundant that the finches don’t need Roosting bluebirds. A friend of mine Bluebird. ture,” and “subadult” as synonyms for forward to some of the things winter will to visit the feeders for sunflower seed. any young bird. A bird might be a teased me a few Octobers back, when hold in store. Here’s what’s on my mind is year looks to be a good year for he3 saw me winterizing our bluebird juvenile in one breath and an imma- today about the chilly tomorrows ahead. Purple Finches, which now outnumber ture in the next. boxes with weather stripping. “Why I like the anticipation of fall. At our the House Finches at our feeders. don’t you put in a heating pad, too, Bill?” Historical bird literature reveals place fall migration is almost always bet- that ornithologists have not always Common Redpolls. If it’s a finch Believe me, I thought about it. Many ter than spring migration—we get more invasion winter, then this is among cavity nesters use our bluebird boxes as used the terms consistently, either. birds, and we get more unusual birds. e BILL THOMPSON, III 6our most hoped-for visitors. We’ve had nighttime roosts in winter. But on the Nevertheless, these are the traditional only thing missing is fresh spring plumage ornithological descriptions: redpolls at the feeders here in southeast- coldest nights of the winter, as many as and the symphony of singing males. To ern Ohio about once every decade, dating a dozen of our bluebirds may crowd into Northern ensure that you get the most out of this 1 BILL THOMPSON, III Hatchling: A bird freshly out of the MASLOWSKI WILDLIFE PRODUCTIONS back to the mid-1970s. e northern a single nest box, sharing body heat to Pygmy-Owl. fall’s migration, I offer these suggestions seed crop has to really crash in order for survive the night. So we do all we can to egg. A bird remains a hatchling while American Robin hatchling. Bluebird nestlings. for the birds in your backyard. it relies on its remaining yolk supply or this tiny finch with the red beret and tiny make sure they are as warm as possible. until it is able to regulate its own body Mild of hard winter. e wooly bill to make it this far south. When they is includes plugging the boxes’ vent temperature. 3 4 10 bear caterpillars are all solid black do come, they come in large numbers. holes with weather stripping and placing this fall. I see them crossing the road as Despite their small size, they can empty a cup of dried grass on the floor of the 2 Nestling: A bird that remains nest- I drive to work, and crossing our yard the feeders in no time. box for extra insulation. BOB MILES/USFWS bound until able to fly. at home. All black is supposed to mean Evening Grosbeaks. And speaking of Turkey flock. We’re already spread- we’ll have a really harsh winter. I’m not pigs at the feeder, the Evening Gros- ing scoop-fulls of cracked corn 3 Chick: A young bird that leaves the sure about the science behind this, but 5beak, another infrequent visitor to our under2 the pines. Any day now the Wild nest soon after hatching and typically we could sure use a lot of snow and rain farm, is in a class by itself. We usually Turkeys will start showing up. e wanders by walking in a family group this winter. It’s been a bad drought here hear Evening Grosbeaks going over, young females come first, one brave until able to fly. this summer in southeastern Ohio and calling kleeer! Often one of a flock will bird getting a crop of corn while the everything has suffered from the lack of others watch from deep cover. Soon 4 land in the top of a huge tulip poplar and Fledgling: A bird able to fly but still water. Mild winters (like last winter) give glance down at our feeders. is large the rest of the flock shows up for the BILL THOMPSON, III dependant upon parents for food and USFWS us different backyard birds than do harsh finch prefers to feed at a platform feeder, smorgasbord. We’ve had as many as 20 Weatherizing and Northern Pintail chick. A bluebird fledgling with its parent. cleaning takes place other care. winters. If this coming winter is to be so we try to keep the right offerings out turkeys scratching and pecking below before new nesting harsh, the signs may already be appear- our pines. But we only put out enough 5 from Halloween until Mother’s Day in material can be placed Juvenile: A young bird incapable of ing—and not just from the colors of the hopes of coaxing these striking yellow corn for a few hours’ feeding. We don’t in the box. Downy 5 6 Woodpecker. breeding and in its first plumage of wooly bears. birds to stop to eat. want them to get too used to humans. non-downy feathers. These are mostly After all, turkey season in this part of DONNA DEWHURST/USFWS Red-breasted Nuthatches. So far this Northern Cardinal. soft feathers that quickly wear and fall we’ve had record numbers of Red- the world is a big deal! By early spring, must be replaced. breasted9 Nuthatches—they’re even visit- when the gobblers start displaying, the flock disperses to the wooded hills and ou might be surprised at how likely to use the house. 6 ing our feeders! Normally this tiny pine is is also a good time to check Immature: A young bird capable specialist from the North passes through hollows. many of your bird houses are Likely Suspects for Winter of breeding and in its first plumage usedY as nighttime roosts in winter. the hardware on your boxes and our area but does not linger. ere must Hermit rushes. Harsh winter or poles. Wood can shrink as it weath- of hard feathers gained after molting have been a super seed crop in the North Telltale clues are there in the form of Bird House Lodging its soft feathers, but not yet identi- not, we always have a few Hermit droppings, feathers, and bits of food. ers, and screws and nails can work to produce so many “nutties.” Or possibly rushes1 wintering here. eir soft loose. Are the access doors closing cal either in pattern or color to adult the seed crop was large last year and tiny If you live in a region with cold win- A surprising array of birds feathers. “Subadult” is a synonym of tchuk! calls on a still, sunny winter day STEVE HILLEBRAND/USFWS ter weather, you can make your nest tightly? Is the box securely attached can use your summertime lodg- LEE KARNEY/USFWS this year. For whatever reason, this win- alert us to look for them in the sumac to the pole? Is the baffle still hanging “immature.” ter looks to be a record-setter in terms of boxes cozier with a few winterizing ings on a cold winter evening: Gulls are well known for their di- Juvenile Bald Eagle. An immature Red-tailed Hawk. tangle or the grape vines where they tricks. Start by cleaning out the box if properly? Red-breasted Nuthatches. are eating the remaining fruits. ey e final bit of winterizing involves • Carolina Wren verse immature plumages; but many it has messy old nesting material in it. birds exhibit no immature stage, going Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. We’ve seem such a delicate bird to last the Fashion a new nest cup of clean, dried plugging the boxes’ vent holes. ese • Small woodpeckers such 7 also seen more than a dozen Yellow- winter long here. When heavy snow holes are vital in summer to keep directly from juvenile to adult when Historical bird literature reveals grasses and place it in the box. as Hairy or Downy they replace their soft feathers. bellied8 Sapsuckers around our farm this comes, they stick to the deep woods the nestlings from getting too hot. and forage for grubs and insects in is is a good time to check the wa- • Black-capped or Carolina past month. We always hope that one ter resistance of your nest boxes. If the In winter the holes are just drafty. 7 that ornithologists have not always or more will linger to peck at our old the duff along our woodland streams. We plug the vent holes using mold- Chickadee Adult: A mature bird capable of sides or top are weathered or cracked breeding and in a plumage that no trees, and dine on our peanuts and suet. On sunny mornings they climb to the they may absorb rather than shed wa- able clay weather stripping. Stuff the • Red-breasted or White- used terms consistently and I love sapsuckers—they are elegant birds ridge-top edge habitat where fruits of weather stripping snugly into the longer changes in appearance with ter. If the wood is too far gone, it’s time breasted Nuthatches successive molts. (With the exception, to watch. eir swooping flying style sumac, greenbrier, dogwood, bitter- to replace the house. vent holes from the outside. is will Cardinal numbers. No matter how sweet, cherry, and grape can be found. • Tufted Titmouse of course, of birds that change plum- occasionally overlooked reminds me of how cuckoos fly. e sap- harsh or mellow the winter, we Otherwise a coating of all-weather help keep the body heat of roosting sucker numbers could also be a predictor Somehow seeing a Hermit rush on birds from escaping, and it will keep age between winter and summer, such already4 know our cardinal numbers wood stain or light-colored latex paint • Bluebirds as American Goldfinches.) of cold weather ahead. our farm makes the winter seem less will help keep the winter dampness rain and snow from getting into the specifically defining certain terms. will be high. ey had a great breeding cold and dreary. So you can bet I’ll be

out. Stain or paint on the outside only box. Cozy winter housing is a small • Small owls—Pygmy-Owls, MENKE/USFWS DAVE Purple Finches. e pit-pit-pit of season, as evidenced by all the dark- looking and listening sharply for this billed juvenile birds around the yard BILL THOMPSON, III and try to do it when birds are not gift you can give to your birds as the Screech or Elf Owls An adult male American Goldfinch in breeding Purple Finches is already a regular special winter bird. cold weather sets in. plumage. morning7 sound around our feeders. right now. On the first snowy day we’ll • Bats Some winters we barely see any of this certainly count more than 100 Northern

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM beautiful wine-colored finch on our Cardinals at our various feeders, making 2 3 4 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers Birds in Depth Bird Bits e Backyard Watcher by BILL THOMPSON, III Understanding Birds’ Life Stages Cozyby BILL THOMPSON, WinterIII Housing for Birds by KEVIN J. COOK 10 ings I’ll Watch for in My Backyard is Winter ven though it’s 90 degrees F outside farm. We always wonder if it’s because every snow-covered tree look like it’s full ost people use the terms “chick,” as I write this column on an overcast the natural food crop of seeds and fruits of bright red apples. “juvenile,” “fledgling,” “imma- 1 2 E Eastern M October afternoon, I already am looking is so abundant that the finches don’t need Roosting bluebirds. A friend of mine Bluebird. ture,” and “subadult” as synonyms for forward to some of the things winter will to visit the feeders for sunflower seed. any young bird. A bird might be a teased me a few Octobers back, when hold in store. Here’s what’s on my mind is year looks to be a good year for he3 saw me winterizing our bluebird juvenile in one breath and an imma- today about the chilly tomorrows ahead. Purple Finches, which now outnumber ture in the next. boxes with weather stripping. “Why I like the anticipation of fall. At our the House Finches at our feeders. don’t you put in a heating pad, too, Bill?” Historical bird literature reveals place fall migration is almost always bet- that ornithologists have not always Common Redpolls. If it’s a finch Believe me, I thought about it. Many ter than spring migration—we get more invasion winter, then this is among cavity nesters use our bluebird boxes as used the terms consistently, either. birds, and we get more unusual birds. e BILL THOMPSON, III 6our most hoped-for visitors. We’ve had nighttime roosts in winter. But on the Nevertheless, these are the traditional only thing missing is fresh spring plumage ornithological descriptions: redpolls at the feeders here in southeast- coldest nights of the winter, as many as and the symphony of singing males. To ern Ohio about once every decade, dating a dozen of our bluebirds may crowd into Northern ensure that you get the most out of this 1 BILL THOMPSON, III Hatchling: A bird freshly out of the MASLOWSKI WILDLIFE PRODUCTIONS back to the mid-1970s. e northern a single nest box, sharing body heat to Pygmy-Owl. fall’s migration, I offer these suggestions seed crop has to really crash in order for survive the night. So we do all we can to egg. A bird remains a hatchling while American Robin hatchling. Bluebird nestlings. for the birds in your backyard. it relies on its remaining yolk supply or this tiny finch with the red beret and tiny make sure they are as warm as possible. until it is able to regulate its own body Mild of hard winter. e wooly bill to make it this far south. When they is includes plugging the boxes’ vent temperature. 3 4 10 bear caterpillars are all solid black do come, they come in large numbers. holes with weather stripping and placing this fall. I see them crossing the road as Despite their small size, they can empty a cup of dried grass on the floor of the 2 Nestling: A bird that remains nest- I drive to work, and crossing our yard the feeders in no time. box for extra insulation. BOB MILES/USFWS bound until able to fly. at home. All black is supposed to mean Evening Grosbeaks. And speaking of Turkey flock. We’re already spread- we’ll have a really harsh winter. I’m not pigs at the feeder, the Evening Gros- ing scoop-fulls of cracked corn 3 Chick: A young bird that leaves the sure about the science behind this, but 5beak, another infrequent visitor to our under2 the pines. Any day now the Wild nest soon after hatching and typically we could sure use a lot of snow and rain farm, is in a class by itself. We usually Turkeys will start showing up. e wanders by walking in a family group this winter. It’s been a bad drought here hear Evening Grosbeaks going over, young females come first, one brave until able to fly. this summer in southeastern Ohio and calling kleeer! Often one of a flock will bird getting a crop of corn while the everything has suffered from the lack of others watch from deep cover. Soon 4 land in the top of a huge tulip poplar and Fledgling: A bird able to fly but still water. Mild winters (like last winter) give glance down at our feeders. is large the rest of the flock shows up for the BILL THOMPSON, III dependant upon parents for food and USFWS us different backyard birds than do harsh finch prefers to feed at a platform feeder, smorgasbord. We’ve had as many as 20 Weatherizing and Northern Pintail chick. A bluebird fledgling with its parent. cleaning takes place other care. winters. If this coming winter is to be so we try to keep the right offerings out turkeys scratching and pecking below before new nesting harsh, the signs may already be appear- our pines. But we only put out enough 5 from Halloween until Mother’s Day in material can be placed Juvenile: A young bird incapable of ing—and not just from the colors of the hopes of coaxing these striking yellow corn for a few hours’ feeding. We don’t in the box. Downy 5 6 Woodpecker. breeding and in its first plumage of wooly bears. birds to stop to eat. want them to get too used to humans. non-downy feathers. These are mostly After all, turkey season in this part of DONNA DEWHURST/USFWS Red-breasted Nuthatches. So far this Northern Cardinal. soft feathers that quickly wear and fall we’ve had record numbers of Red- the world is a big deal! By early spring, must be replaced. breasted9 Nuthatches—they’re even visit- when the gobblers start displaying, the flock disperses to the wooded hills and ou might be surprised at how likely to use the house. 6 ing our feeders! Normally this tiny pine is is also a good time to check Immature: A young bird capable specialist from the North passes through hollows. many of your bird houses are Likely Suspects for Winter of breeding and in its first plumage usedY as nighttime roosts in winter. the hardware on your boxes and our area but does not linger. ere must Hermit rushes. Harsh winter or poles. Wood can shrink as it weath- of hard feathers gained after molting have been a super seed crop in the North Telltale clues are there in the form of Bird House Lodging its soft feathers, but not yet identi- not, we always have a few Hermit droppings, feathers, and bits of food. ers, and screws and nails can work to produce so many “nutties.” Or possibly rushes1 wintering here. eir soft loose. Are the access doors closing cal either in pattern or color to adult the seed crop was large last year and tiny If you live in a region with cold win- A surprising array of birds feathers. “Subadult” is a synonym of tchuk! calls on a still, sunny winter day STEVE HILLEBRAND/USFWS ter weather, you can make your nest tightly? Is the box securely attached can use your summertime lodg- LEE KARNEY/USFWS this year. For whatever reason, this win- alert us to look for them in the sumac to the pole? Is the baffle still hanging “immature.” ter looks to be a record-setter in terms of boxes cozier with a few winterizing ings on a cold winter evening: Gulls are well known for their di- Juvenile Bald Eagle. An immature Red-tailed Hawk. tangle or the grape vines where they tricks. Start by cleaning out the box if properly? Red-breasted Nuthatches. are eating the remaining fruits. ey e final bit of winterizing involves • Carolina Wren verse immature plumages; but many it has messy old nesting material in it. birds exhibit no immature stage, going Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. We’ve seem such a delicate bird to last the Fashion a new nest cup of clean, dried plugging the boxes’ vent holes. ese • Small woodpeckers such 7 also seen more than a dozen Yellow- winter long here. When heavy snow holes are vital in summer to keep directly from juvenile to adult when Historical bird literature reveals grasses and place it in the box. as Hairy or Downy they replace their soft feathers. bellied8 Sapsuckers around our farm this comes, they stick to the deep woods the nestlings from getting too hot. and forage for grubs and insects in is is a good time to check the wa- • Black-capped or Carolina past month. We always hope that one ter resistance of your nest boxes. If the In winter the holes are just drafty. 7 that ornithologists have not always or more will linger to peck at our old the duff along our woodland streams. We plug the vent holes using mold- Chickadee Adult: A mature bird capable of sides or top are weathered or cracked breeding and in a plumage that no trees, and dine on our peanuts and suet. On sunny mornings they climb to the they may absorb rather than shed wa- able clay weather stripping. Stuff the • Red-breasted or White- used terms consistently and I love sapsuckers—they are elegant birds ridge-top edge habitat where fruits of weather stripping snugly into the longer changes in appearance with ter. If the wood is too far gone, it’s time breasted Nuthatches successive molts. (With the exception, to watch. eir swooping flying style sumac, greenbrier, dogwood, bitter- to replace the house. vent holes from the outside. is will Cardinal numbers. No matter how sweet, cherry, and grape can be found. • Tufted Titmouse of course, of birds that change plum- occasionally overlooked reminds me of how cuckoos fly. e sap- harsh or mellow the winter, we Otherwise a coating of all-weather help keep the body heat of roosting sucker numbers could also be a predictor Somehow seeing a Hermit rush on birds from escaping, and it will keep age between winter and summer, such already4 know our cardinal numbers wood stain or light-colored latex paint • Bluebirds as American Goldfinches.) of cold weather ahead. our farm makes the winter seem less will help keep the winter dampness rain and snow from getting into the specifically defining certain terms. will be high. ey had a great breeding cold and dreary. So you can bet I’ll be

out. Stain or paint on the outside only box. Cozy winter housing is a small • Small owls—Pygmy-Owls, MENKE/USFWS DAVE Purple Finches. e pit-pit-pit of season, as evidenced by all the dark- looking and listening sharply for this billed juvenile birds around the yard BILL THOMPSON, III and try to do it when birds are not gift you can give to your birds as the Screech or Elf Owls An adult male American Goldfinch in breeding Purple Finches is already a regular special winter bird. cold weather sets in. plumage. morning7 sound around our feeders. right now. On the first snowy day we’ll • Bats Some winters we barely see any of this certainly count more than 100 Northern

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM beautiful wine-colored finch on our Cardinals at our various feeders, making 2 3 4 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred BirdTracksthis specialYou because have receivededition you are of a A special BirdTracks edition from Winter 2012 preferred WBU customer!

PRST STD Customers Only U.S. POSTAGE Frequently Asked Are you enjoying BirdTracks? We’d appreciate your feedback and comments MARIETTA,PAID OH PERMIT NO 161 the next time you visit our store.

: At a workshop several years ago, a speaker suggested Qplanting oaks so that squirrels will have acorns to eat and will stop bothering my bird feeders. I planted two oaks fi ve years ago and now have ® by Kevin Cook ’s nice trees but no acorns. Did I plant the wrong oaks? and our partner Q : If you bought your trees from a garden shop or nursery, you probably got trees that were about 10–12 years old, which would make them something under 20 years old now. MostA oaks don’t start producing acorns until they are 25–30 years old, and some oak species don’t start producing acorns until they reach or pass 50 years. Your trees may need just a few more years or possibly another decade before they start producing acorns. Any other tree species that bears fruits or seeds that squirrels will eat—hawthorn, plum apple, maple—will Species need at least three to fi ve years in the ground to start producing. Tracks BIRD by JULIE ZICKEFOOSE To decoy the squirrels now, off er them corn on or off the cob in their own feeder and place it away from your Profi le: Purple Versus House Finch bird feeders. You can also plant multiple patches of sunfl owers and corn and disperse the patches in nooks and Purple Finch, House Finch, crannies.  e giant sunfl owers with the huge heads are okay, but the regular wild type will produce more small male. male. heads that will preoccupy the squirrels far longer.

: I planted both Virginia creeper and cherry to provide Qwinter food for birds in my yard. Both are well developed Northern Mockingbird. and producing fruit now; but by the time autumn came and all the leaves fell, the berries and cherries were gone with none left for winter. What should I do? : Cherries are a summer fruit eaten by thrushes, robins, bluebirds, thrashers, starlings, waxwings, blackbirds, orioles,A and a lot of other birds. Creepers are an autumn fruit, and I have seen 37 bird species eating the fruits just in my yard. That fruits are being produced in your yard and are getting eaten clearly indicates you are doing nothing wrong except expecting them to last longer into the year than they natu- rally will. For winter-durable fruits readily eaten by birds, consider the BILL THOMPSON, III MENKE/USFWS DAVE pome-bearing species in the rose family: hawthorns, service- P VS. H F— Continued from page 1 berries (locally called “juneberries”), crabapples, Ussurian In every issue of BirdTracks pear, and the various rowans (variously known as “mountain- we feature questions from Purple Finch, House Finch, he two common “red” fi nches that and wings—the lower sides and belly it’s a male House Finch. If the fl anks ashes” or “beam-trees”). female. female. visit bird feeders all over North only are clean white. On the male are white with a hint of pink, it’s a If you live in an area naturally grown with native junipers, you, our best customers. AmericaT are the Purple Finch and the House Finch these areas are streaked male Purple Finch. juniper cones—erroneously called “juniper berries”—make We welcome your House Finch.  e House Finch is the with brown. an excellent winter food for Townsend’s Solitaire, American suggestions, comments more common of these two species Female Purple Finch versus Robin, bluebirds, thrashers, Northern Mockingbirds, and and questions. We also and also the more commonly misiden- Male House Finch female House Finch several others. tifi ed, because its plumage can vary A male House Finch has much Female Purple Finches look entirely hope to share your tips and from dull red to bright orange. I’ll start more localized color. He is reddish diff erent from males and are much ideas for enhancing our by describing the male Purple Finch. only on his head, breast, and lower more boldly streaked than female : I forgot a bird feeder and left it hanging unused in a tree all summer. While doing some autumn yard back.  e upper back and wings House Finches. Look for the sharp con- enjoyment of backyard are streaky brown, without a wash Qwork, I rediscovered the feeder and found it almost completely covered with gray papery material that birds and wildlife with Male Purple Finch trast in the female Purple Finch’s dark looked like a beehive or a wasp nest or something. What would do this, will they do it again, and can the bird  e male Purple Finch is a lovely bird, of color. Perhaps the quickest way brown and white areas. Female House feeder still be used if cleaned or is it ruined? other BirdTracks readers ing into dull white.  is diff erence is head, unlike the fl at-crowned House thanks to the pinkish-purple wash of to distinguish the two adult male Finches are more muted in color, with all over North America. especially evident in the faces of the Finch. At feeders, Purple Finches are color throughout his plumage. It looks fi nches is to look at the birds’ lower fi ne streaks of brown and tan blend- : Bald-faced hornets build paper nests in trees, but they enclose the cells so that they are not usually vis- two female fi nches. A dark cheek patch calmer and will perch quietly in one as if the male Purple Finch has been fl anks (the area on the bird’s side ible from the outside. Yellow-jackets build paper-celled nests but almost always at or below ground level. Write to us at: encircled in white sets the Purple Finch place to eat while the fl ightier House dipped in raspberry wine.  is rasp- from below the wings to the tail): if Continued on page 6 VariousA paper-wasps build discrete little hanging nests. I suspect your bird feeder was taken over by European BirdTracks apart.  e female House Finch’s face is Finches fl utter and tweet incessantly. berry color bleeds onto the bird’s back the fl anks are streaked with brown, paper-wasps, which closely resemble yellow-jackets.  ey started on the inside and through the summer kept c/o BWD dull and evenly colored. building and expanding to the outside. Songs  ey are fi nished with the nest in autumn and won’t use it again. Now that it’s winter, they have abandoned PO Box 110 Overall appearance  e songs of both species are rich, Feature Bird Bits  e Backyard Watcher the nest and you can clean your bird feeder and rehang it. Marietta, OH 45750 In overall appearance the Purple rapid, and musical, but the Purple Species Profi le: Purple Versus House Understanding Birds’ 10 Things I’ll Watch for in My Backyard Finch looks more substantial, plumper, Finch’s song lacks the harsh, burry Finch ...... 1 Life Stages ...... 3 This Winter ...... 4 Red-shafted adult male Or send an e-mail to: and chestier. Purples often appear to downward slurred notes that the House Northern Flicker. LEE KARNEY/USFWS ...... 5 ALVARO JARAMILLO ALVARO [email protected] BILL THOMPSON, III have a slight crest of feathers on their Finch inserts into every song. Birds in Depth Readers’ Questions

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM Cozy Winter Housing for Birds ...... 2 5 CONTENTS 1 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred BirdTracksthis specialYou because have receivededition you are of a A special BirdTracks edition from Winter 2012 preferred WBU customer!

PRST STD Customers Only U.S. POSTAGE Frequently Asked Are you enjoying BirdTracks? We’d appreciate your feedback and comments MARIETTA,PAID OH PERMIT NO 161 the next time you visit our store.

: At a bird feeding workshop several years ago, a speaker suggested Qplanting oaks so that squirrels will have acorns to eat and will stop bothering my bird feeders. I planted two oaks fi ve years ago and now have ® by Kevin Cook ’s nice trees but no acorns. Did I plant the wrong oaks? and our partner Q : If you bought your trees from a garden shop or nursery, you probably got trees that were about 10–12 years old, which would make them something under 20 years old now. MostA oaks don’t start producing acorns until they are 25–30 years old, and some oak species don’t start producing acorns until they reach or pass 50 years. Your trees may need just a few more years or possibly another decade before they start producing acorns. Any other tree species that bears fruits or seeds that squirrels will eat—hawthorn, plum apple, maple—will Species need at least three to fi ve years in the ground to start producing. Tracks BIRD by JULIE ZICKEFOOSE To decoy the squirrels now, off er them corn on or off the cob in their own feeder and place it away from your Profi le: Purple Versus House Finch bird feeders. You can also plant multiple patches of sunfl owers and corn and disperse the patches in nooks and Purple Finch, House Finch, crannies.  e giant sunfl owers with the huge heads are okay, but the regular wild type will produce more small male. male. heads that will preoccupy the squirrels far longer.

: I planted both Virginia creeper and cherry to provide Qwinter food for birds in my yard. Both are well developed Northern Mockingbird. and producing fruit now; but by the time autumn came and all the leaves fell, the berries and cherries were gone with none left for winter. What should I do? : Cherries are a summer fruit eaten by thrushes, robins, bluebirds, thrashers, starlings, waxwings, blackbirds, orioles,A and a lot of other birds. Creepers are an autumn fruit, and I have seen 37 bird species eating the fruits just in my yard. That fruits are being produced in your yard and are getting eaten clearly indicates you are doing nothing wrong except expecting them to last longer into the year than they natu- rally will. For winter-durable fruits readily eaten by birds, consider the BILL THOMPSON, III MENKE/USFWS DAVE pome-bearing species in the rose family: hawthorns, service- P VS. H F— Continued from page 1 berries (locally called “juneberries”), crabapples, Ussurian In every issue of BirdTracks pear, and the various rowans (variously known as “mountain- we feature questions from Purple Finch, House Finch, he two common “red” fi nches that and wings—the lower sides and belly it’s a male House Finch. If the fl anks ashes” or “beam-trees”). female. female. visit bird feeders all over North only are clean white. On the male are white with a hint of pink, it’s a If you live in an area naturally grown with native junipers, you, our best customers. AmericaT are the Purple Finch and the House Finch these areas are streaked male Purple Finch. juniper cones—erroneously called “juniper berries”—make We welcome your House Finch.  e House Finch is the with brown. an excellent winter food for Townsend’s Solitaire, American suggestions, comments more common of these two species Female Purple Finch versus Robin, bluebirds, thrashers, Northern Mockingbirds, and and questions. We also and also the more commonly misiden- Male House Finch female House Finch several others. tifi ed, because its plumage can vary A male House Finch has much Female Purple Finches look entirely hope to share your tips and from dull red to bright orange. I’ll start more localized color. He is reddish diff erent from males and are much ideas for enhancing our by describing the male Purple Finch. only on his head, breast, and lower more boldly streaked than female : I forgot a bird feeder and left it hanging unused in a tree all summer. While doing some autumn yard back.  e upper back and wings House Finches. Look for the sharp con- enjoyment of backyard are streaky brown, without a wash Qwork, I rediscovered the feeder and found it almost completely covered with gray papery material that birds and wildlife with Male Purple Finch trast in the female Purple Finch’s dark looked like a beehive or a wasp nest or something. What would do this, will they do it again, and can the bird  e male Purple Finch is a lovely bird, of color. Perhaps the quickest way brown and white areas. Female House feeder still be used if cleaned or is it ruined? other BirdTracks readers ing into dull white.  is diff erence is head, unlike the fl at-crowned House thanks to the pinkish-purple wash of to distinguish the two adult male Finches are more muted in color, with all over North America. especially evident in the faces of the Finch. At feeders, Purple Finches are color throughout his plumage. It looks fi nches is to look at the birds’ lower fi ne streaks of brown and tan blend- : Bald-faced hornets build paper nests in trees, but they enclose the cells so that they are not usually vis- two female fi nches. A dark cheek patch calmer and will perch quietly in one as if the male Purple Finch has been fl anks (the area on the bird’s side ible from the outside. Yellow-jackets build paper-celled nests but almost always at or below ground level. Write to us at: encircled in white sets the Purple Finch place to eat while the fl ightier House dipped in raspberry wine.  is rasp- from below the wings to the tail): if Continued on page 6 VariousA paper-wasps build discrete little hanging nests. I suspect your bird feeder was taken over by European BirdTracks apart.  e female House Finch’s face is Finches fl utter and tweet incessantly. berry color bleeds onto the bird’s back the fl anks are streaked with brown, paper-wasps, which closely resemble yellow-jackets.  ey started on the inside and through the summer kept c/o BWD dull and evenly colored. building and expanding to the outside. Songs  ey are fi nished with the nest in autumn and won’t use it again. Now that it’s winter, they have abandoned PO Box 110 Overall appearance  e songs of both species are rich, Feature Bird Bits  e Backyard Watcher the nest and you can clean your bird feeder and rehang it. Marietta, OH 45750 In overall appearance the Purple rapid, and musical, but the Purple Species Profi le: Purple Versus House Understanding Birds’ 10 Things I’ll Watch for in My Backyard Finch looks more substantial, plumper, Finch’s song lacks the harsh, burry Finch ...... 1 Life Stages ...... 3 This Winter ...... 4 Red-shafted adult male Or send an e-mail to: and chestier. Purples often appear to downward slurred notes that the House Northern Flicker. LEE KARNEY/USFWS ...... 5 ALVARO JARAMILLO ALVARO [email protected] BILL THOMPSON, III have a slight crest of feathers on their Finch inserts into every song. Birds in Depth Readers’ Questions

ISTOCKPHOTO.COM Cozy Winter Housing for Birds ...... 2 5 CONTENTS 1 For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers For Preferred Wild Birds Unlimited Customers