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Download 599.57 KB Ethnic Minority Development Plan (Draft) Project Number: 47048-002 January 2015 People’s Republic of China: Hubei Enshi Qing River Upstream Environment Rehabilitation Project Prepared by the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Government for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 October 2014) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1635 $1.00 = CNY6.1145 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank EM – ethnic minority EMDP – Ethnic Minority Development Plan ETMAP – Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Of HUBEI ENSHI QING RIVER UPSTREAM ENVIRONMENT REHABILITATION PROJECT Financed by ADB TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 2. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT AREAS 1 2.1 Population Distribution 1 2.2 Social-economic profiles 2 2.2.1 Income Structure and Expenditure Patterns for EM Households 3 2.2.2. Education 4 2.2.3 Occupation 5 3. OBJIECTIVES AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 6 3.1 Objectives 6 3.2 Chinese Policies on Ethnic Minorities Development 6 3.3 ADB Policy 6 4. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON ETHNIC MINORITY 9 4.1 Environmental Needs Assessment for EM 9 4.2 Project Benefits for minority residents 10 4.3 Project Impacts and Risks 11 5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION 15 5.1 Consultation and Participation during Project Preparation 15 5.2 Consultation and Participation during Project Implementation 15 6. DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE 15 7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 16 8. MONITORING AND REPORTING 16 9. BUDGET AND FINANCING 16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Minority Population in Project Areas (2013) ................................................................... 4 Table 2: Income Strcuture Between EM and Non-EM HHs ........................................................ 5 Table 3: Income Level Between EM and Non-EM ……………………………………………………5 Table 4: Expenditure Patterns Between EM and Non-EM HHs ................................................... 6 Table 5: Education Level Between EM and Non-EM ................................................................... 6 Table 6: Occupation Between EM and Non-EM .......................................................................... 6 Table 7: Summary Policy Framework for EM of PRC and ADB ................................................... 9 Table 8: EM Residents Perspectives of Project Benefits and Imapcts ....................................... 11 Table 9: Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan .................................................................... 12 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1. Qing River, which is 426 km in length and has a watershed of 17,322 km2, originates in the outlying rural areas of Lichuan City and flows through the urban area of Enshi City and three other counties before it joins the Yangtze River near Yidu （宜都） City. It is an important source of water supply for the cities of Lichuan and Enshi and riparian rural areas. Of great concern, the water quality of Qing River has been severely degraded in recent years, in particular the upstream. The water quality of Qing River within the cities of Lichuan and Enshi has fallen to class IV and V, only fit for agricultural and industrial use. The most important sources of pollution include agricultural runoff, animal husbandry, municipal wastewater, and domestic wastewater from small towns and villages. 2. Due to inadequate wastewater collection and treatment in Enshi and Lichuan cities, large volumes of untreated municipal wastewater are discharged directly into the Qing River, resulting in continuing deterioration of the water quality and a threat to safe water supply for local residents, who rely on the Qing River for water supply and recreational use. 3. In addition, there has been serious riverbank erosion and flooding as a result of high intensity rainfall. However, flood control infrastructure and measures in Enshi and Lichuan cities are not sufficient for flood protection. 4. The Project will address these and other concerns and will support: (i) improved water pollution control; (ii) enhanced flood management; (iii) improved institutional capacity for water resource management; and (iv) project management support and capacity development. 5. The proposed project will help Enshi Prefecture (ETMAP): (i) improve its living conditions by providing a cleaner water environment to residents along the upstream of Qing River, including the rural poor who do not have access to centralized water supply systems and hence are most vulnerable to deterioration of drinking water sources from the Qing River and its tributaries; (ii) improve protection against flooding and soil erosion for urban and rural residents along the Qing River; and (iii) promote inclusive economic growth through improving urban infrastructure necessary for eco-tourism development, leading to employment creation and improved income opportunities. 6. ETMAP has 2 cities at the county level and 6 counties, among which Enshi and Lichuan cities are the most important urban centers and transportation hubs. The project components are located in Enshi and Lichuan cities. 2. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT AREAS 2.1 Population Distribution 7. Enshi Prefecture is a Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (ETMAP). In 2012, the ETMAP had an ethnically diverse population of 4.01 million; 45% Han, 46% Tujia and 6.5% Miao ethnic groups. The share of ethnic minority population was 43.9% of which the majority were Tujia (38.31%), Dong (1.32%) and Miao (0.7%) in Enshi City. While ethnic minority population accounted for 53.22% of the total, of which the majority were Tujia (52.43%) and Miao (6.07%) in Lichuan city. 2 8. Tujia, Miao and the other EMs in Enshi Prefecture and the two project cities reside scattered and mixed with Han people. These EMs and Han families intermarry and stay harmoniously. 9. In 2013, about 60% population averaged minorities in the project sub-districts and towns. The majority were Tujia, Miao and Dong. Table 1: Minority Population in Project Areas (2013) Sub- Farming Total area Total %of City district/To Land (Mu) %of Tujia %of Miao (km2) Population Dong wn Liujiaoting 83 9900 43095 45 - - Wuyangba 116.21 22120.54 164060 50 2 - Enshi Xiaoduchuan 37 2627 37516 50 - 3 Longfeng 286.47 54809 66809 60 3 3 Duting 34.5 6919 70060 65 2 - Dongcheng 30.6 7010 70124 65 2 - Lichuan Liangwu 420 76350 70832 70 3 - Yuanbao 55.49 21304 19977 80 4 - Source: Sub-district/Town leader interviews 2.2 Social-economic profiles 10. All of the policies to support the livelihoods and development are not different between among Han people and minority groups. Furthermore, minority groups, regardless largest population like Tujia or small population like Dong, are enjoying equal policies. The EMs can get some favorable policies, e.g. their senior high school graduates could get 10 scores additional to the examination results for the enrollment to university or colleges. 11. The Tujia, with a total population of over 8 million, is the 6th largest ethnic minority in China. They live in Wuling Mountains, stradding the common border of Hunan, Hubei, and Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing Municipality. 27.12% of Tujia people are living in Hubei Province and the almost are concentrated in Enshi Prefecture. Most Tujia people in Enshi and Lichuan use the Hubei dialect of Chinese, only a few people especially the elderly living in the remote areas can speak Tujia language. Their residential locations are mixed with Han and other ethnic minority groups. Intermarriage is common. 12. The Miao people live primarily in southern China, in the provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Hubei. About 50% Miao people are distributed in Guizhou. Hubei has a small proportion of Miao population accounting for about 2.7% of total population. However, they are concented in Jianfeng and Laifeng Counties in Enshi prefecture rather than in the project areas of Enshi and Lichuan Cities. There are no purely and concentrated residence communities or villages and sub-villages by Maio minority in the project areas. 13. The Dong lives mostly in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan and Northern Guangxi in China. There were 9984 people and 222 people living in Enshi and Lichuan respectively. 3 2.2.1 Income Structure and Expenditure Patterns for EM Households 14. Based on PPTA field surveys of 300 HHs (143 EM and 157 Han), the income level and main sources of household income within EM households were similar to Han households. Income from employee salary, business, investment, property rental and casual labour ranked as the top five income sources of the surveyed minority households, accounting for over 80% of the total household income. 29 minority households rely largely on pensions (12.62% of the total EM HHs income) and 42 households depend mainly on casual labour or vendor earnings (12.42% of total EM
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