BAIBA SKRIDE Gothenburg Symphony SANTTU-MATIAS ROUVALI

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BAIBA SKRIDE Gothenburg Symphony SANTTU-MATIAS ROUVALI LEONARD BERNSTEIN ERICH WOLFGANG KORNGOLD MIKLÓS RÓZSA AMERICAN CONCERTOS BAIBASKRIDE Gothenburg Symphony Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra SANTTU-MATIAS ROUVALI CD 1 58’43 LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918–1990) Serenade für Violine und Streichorchester, Harfe und Schlagwerke nach Platos Symposium (1954) 1 Phaedrus – Pausanias: Lento – Allegro marcato 6’46 2 Aristophanes: Allegretto 4’46 3 Eryximachus: Presto 1’36 4 Agathon: Adagio 7’38 5 Socrates – Alcibiades: 11’05 Molto tenuto – Allegro molto vivace ERICH WOLFGANG KORNGOLD (1897–1957) Konzert für Violine und Orchester D-Dur op. 35 (1945) 6 Moderato nobile 10’00 7 Romance. Andante 9’14 8 Finale: Allegro assai vivace 7’33 BAIBA SKRIDE Gothenburg Symphony SANTTU-MATIAS ROUVALI CD 2 57’21 MIKLÓS RÓZSA (1907–1995) Konzert für Violine und Orchester op. 24 (1953) 1 Allegro non troppo ma passionato 13’20 2 Lento cantabile 9’41 3 Allegro vivace – Meno mosso – Più mosso 8’53 LEONARD BERNSTEIN West Side Story: Symphonic Dances (1960) 4 Prologue. Allegro moderato 4’38 5 Somewhere. Adagio 4’46 6 Scherzo. Vivace e leggiero 1’32 7 Mambo. Meno Presto 2’35 8 Cha-cha. Andantino con grazia 1’03 9 Meeting Scene. Meno mosso 0’56 10 Cool, Fugue. Allegretto 3’53 11 Rumble. Molto allegro 2’03 12 Finale. Adagio 3’46 BAIBA SKRIDE Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra SANTTU-MATIAS ROUVALI Bernstein – Korngold – Rózsa Violinkonzerte „Die technischen Herausforderun- erzählenden, aber viel aussagen- gen sind zweifellos enorm in die - den, in ihrer Verwandtschaft so un - sen Werken. Für mich ist jedoch terschiedlichen Sätzen.” entscheidend, dass diese rein gei - gerischen Schwierigkeiten und Baiba Skride, im Juni 2018 Herausforderungen bei der Auffüh - rung nicht im Vordergrund stehen. Diese Konzerte sind sehr virtuos Das US-amerikanische Musikleben geschrieben, aber alle ,Effekte’ war lange Zeit stark von europä - dienen letztlich nur dem unmittel - ischen Künstlern dominiert, seien baren Ausdruck der musikalischen es die Dirigenten, die den Grund - Sprache. So soll es auch im Konzert stein der Erfolge der legendären und in der Aufnahme rüberkom - Toporchester legten, oder die vie- men: Wie schön und wie genial die len „guest stars”, die als Solisten Musik ist, und nicht wie schwierig! Maßstäbe setzten. Die Migrations - Eben das ist die anspruchsvollste welle während des „Dritten Reichs” Aufgabe. Im Zusammenspiel ist bei bildete den späten Höhepunkt die - allen drei Werken viel Arbeit er - ser Konstellation just zu einer Zeit, forderlich, bei jedem auf eine an - als sich – vor allem dank der Erfol- dere Art und Weise: bei Korngold ge des Rubin Goldmark-Schülers wegen der weit geschwungenen George Gershwin – so etwas wie Linien, den vielen verschiedenen, eine authentische „amerikanische fast polyphonischen Melodien, Tonsprache” auf der Grundlage von der komplexen Instrumentation; Negro Spiritual, Blues und Jazz he - bei Rózsa aufgrund der rhyth - rauszubilden begann. Der 1918 ge - mischen Herausforderung, der Ener- borene Leonard Bernstein ist in sei - gie, die entfacht werden muss, wo - nem Wirken als Komponist ohne bei das Melodische nicht in den die visionäre Vorarbeit Gershwins Hintergrund gedrängt und von der unvorstellbar. Kraft des Orchesters ,überrumpelt’ werden darf; und bei Bernstein Korngold und Rózsa – zwei Meister wegen der sehr eigenartigen Ton- des musikalischen Doppellebens arten, der teils sehr filigranen Schreibweise, der einzigartigen Be- Bevor Bernstein sich mit seiner über- setzung ohne Bläser in diesen knapp ragenden Allround-Begabung durch- zusetzen begann, hatte sich Holly- ne, die sich alle Grade der Disso - wood die Dienste exzellenter Meis- nanz als eigenständige Gebilde er - ter des kompositorischen Hand - schloss – allmählich gesunken war: werks aus der Alten Welt gesichert. dieser Korngold, der als Jude sei - Nicht alle, die auf der Flucht in ner Heimat verlustig gegangen war, Kalifornien strandeten, ließen sich wurde nun ab 1934 ein eminenter auf das „big money” ein. Igor Prestigefaktor für die Traumfabrik Strawinsky und Arnold Schönberg Hollywood, war nach dem öster - lehnten ab, und an Paul Hindemith reichischen Anschluss 1938 end - – den Miklós Rózsa exemplarisch gültig in die USA übergesiedelt, wo als typischen Großmeister ohne sich Warner Brothers seine exklu - Eignung fürs Filmmusikalische be - siven Dienste sicherte. Seine erle - nannte – ging dieser Kelch gleich senen „scores” zu 19 Hollywoodfil- ganz ohne Versuchung vorüber. men wurden (zwischen 1936 und Andere waren umso erfolgreicher. 1941) mit drei Oscars (für Antho- Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Sohn des ny Adverse, The Adventures of Ro - Wiener Großkritikers Julius Korn - bin Hood und The Sea Wolf ) ge- gold, der als elfjähriger Wunder - krönt, und sein Ansehen war so knabe die rückhaltlose Bewun groß, dass er immer mehr auch auf derung des musikalischen Wien die Handlung der Filme selbst Ein - und der Großmeister Strauss, Mah - fluss zu nehmen begann. Korn- ler, Nikisch und Weingartner ge - gold wird als einer der größten noss und mit seiner vom Lehrer Komponisten des „Golden Age of Zemlinsky orchestrierten Ballett - Hollywood” nie vergessen werden, pantomime Der Schneemann als doch als Schöpfer von Musik für europaweite Sensation herumge- den Konzertsaal und die Bühne reicht worden war; der Anfang der musste er – insbesondere aufgrund 1920er-Jahre mit der Oper Die to- der Erfolge im Film – üble Schmä - te Stadt, einer freien Verunstaltung hungen der etablierten Kritik über von Georges Rodenbachs symbo - sich ergehen lassen und wurde, listischem Roman Bruges-la-Morte, nach der Abkehr vom Film 1946, für einen ganz großen Erfolg hinge - fast ein halbes Jahrhundert tatsäch- legt hatte; dessen Stern in der Folge lich weitgehend vergessen. Ver- jedoch – im Zeichen einer lako- geblich bemühte er sich im Wett - nischeren, sich vom opulent über - lauf mit dem Tod um die Wieder - ladenen Orchestersatz der Nachro - aufnahme in die „Hall of Fame” der mantiker abwendenden Moder - „ernsten Musik”. Beim zehn Jahre jüngeren Ungarn Die Musik beider Komponisten be - Miklós Rózsa lagen die Verhältnisse zieht einen Großteil ihres charak - etwas anders. Geboren in Buda - teristischen Reizes aus dem Milieu pest, hatte er in Leipzig bei dem ihrer Herkunft: das jugendstilhaft Akademiker Hermann Grabner stu - verschnörkelt Wienerische, nos - diert und war nach ersten Erfolgen talgisch Kapriziöse mit vernehm - nach Paris gegangen, wo er sich mit lichem Richard Strauss-Einschlag Arthur Honegger befreundete. Als beim in Brünn geborenen, raffi - er 1940 in Hollywood ankam, arbei - nierten Klangzauberer Korngold, tete er bereits drei Jahre in London und der volkstümlich würzige, et - mit dem Regisseur Alexander Kor- was grobkörnig zupackende und da zusammen und schrieb gera - rhythmisch zündende, unverkenn - de an der Musik zum Erfolgsfilm bar ungarische Tonfall bei dem ge - The Thief of Bagdad, dem 1942 The wandten Weltbürger Rózsa. Wäh - Jungle Book folgte. Er war nun ex - rend Korngold sehr darunter litt, klusiv bei MGM unter Vertrag, wur- unter den „klassischen” Musikex - de wie Korngold vor ihm mit drei perten als minderwertiger Filmmu - Oscars (zwischen 1945 und 1959, für sik-Komponist verschrien zu sein, Spellbound, A Double Life und Ben nutzte Rózsa schlicht die Verbin - Hur) ausgezeichnet, und schrieb dungen und finanziellen Möglich - zwischendurch regelmäßig wäh - keiten, um seine Werke absoluter rend seiner dreimonatigen Som - Musik selbst zu dirigieren und ein - merurlaube im ligurischen Rapallo zuspielen oder von Koryphäen des Werke für den Konzertsaal. Im Ge - Fachs wie Heifetz, Piatigorsky, János gensatz zu Korngold hatte Rózsa Starker, Charles Munch oder seinen seine ersten ganz großen Erfolge ungarischen Landsleuten unter den im Film, wurde daher von vielen eli - führenden amerikanischen Maestri tären Kommentatoren ohnehin nie (Antal Doráti, Eugene Ormandy, Ge- richtig ernst genommen und konn - org Solti) aufführen zu lassen. te dort erst gar nicht in Ungna - de fallen. Seine 1982 erschienene, Die Violinkonzerte von Korngold und sehr unterhaltsame Autobiografie Rózsa haben immens davon profi - heißt denn auch Double Life und ist tiert, dass der Jahrhundertgeiger Zeugnis eines hochprofessionellen Jascha Heifetz sie nicht nur urauf - Pragmatismus, wie ihn nur wenige führte, sondern in der Folge auch Meister mit solcher Unbeirrbarkeit in unübertrefflicher Weise die Erst- praktizieren sollten. einspielungen vornahm. Korngold hatte bereits 1937 mit der Kompo - Werfel gewidmet ist. Seither hat sition eines Violinkonzerts begon - sich das Violinkonzert trotz der Ge - nen, dieses jedoch nach entmu - ringschätzung vieler Meinungs - tigenden Erfahrungen zur Seite macher als das erfolgreichste gelegt. 1945 reagierte er schließ - Werk Korngolds für den Konzertsaal lich auf die nachhaltigen Bitten erwiesen und gehört heute zur Stan- seines Freundes Bronislaw Huber - dardliteratur der Violinvirtuosen. man und schrieb zunächst spon - Einzigartig ist hier nicht nur der ver - tan das herrliche Hauptthema des feinerte Orchesterklang (mit Vibra - Kopfsatzes mit seiner charakteris - phon, Celesta, vor allem mit höchst tischen Quart-Tritonus-Folge auf erlesenen Mischungen und Kon - (die gleiche Intervallfolge wie am trasten in der Instrumentation), son - Beginn von Bernsteins Sympho - dern ganz besonders auch das be - nischen Tänzen aus der West Si- törende Fluidum der Sologeige de Story). Anfang 1946 vollendete in ihren hohen und extrem hohen Korngold das Konzert, und da Hu - Lagen. Korngold ist im klassischen berman Zweifel bekundete, ob er Sinne weniger
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