Electrical and Computer Engineering
R. E. Blahut, Head and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and S. G. Bishop, S. J. Franke, E. Kudeki, Associate Heads Technology. 155 William L. Everitt Laboratory 1406 W. Green St. Faculty and Their Interests MC-702 Urbana, IL 61801-2991 Ilesanmi Adesida 217-333-2300 Electronic and transport properties of ultra-low http://www.ece.uiuc.edu dimensional semiconductor structures, advanced processing methods for electronic devices, high-speed Research in the Department of Electrical and Computer optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits, radiation Engineering serves two main purposes. The generation of effects new fundamental knowledge is a primary function. Of equal importance is the education of graduate students who Narendra Ahuja participate in research and contribute to the advancement Computer vision, robotics, image processing, sensors, of knowledge through their thesis research. The research pattern recognition, virtual environments, intelligent programs described here provide facilities and support for interfaces graduate students and enable them to pursue their advanced study. Jont Allen Another important function of research is the Speech recognition based on the articulation index and continuing development of the faculty members. A aspects of information theory, bioacoustics, circuits, forward-looking undergraduate program depends upon the communications, electromagnetics, signal and image existence of a strong graduate program and the presence of processing excellent faculty members who are leaders in their respective fields. Tangul Basar Research in electrical and computer engineering at the Optimum transmitter-receiver design in communication University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign encompasses systems, spread spectrum communication system, a broad spectrum of areas that reflect the wide range of jamming problems in information transmission, minima interest and expertise of the faculty, as illustrated by the stochastic optimization problems with applications in number and diversity of the research projects denoted in communication systems, mobile radio systems the following pages. Almost all of the faculty members in the department are engaged in research and many conduct Tamer Basar research in interdisciplinary programs and hold joint Information technology research; control over wired and appointments in other departments and interdisciplinary wireless networks; usage-limited sensing, estimation, and laboratories. More than 550 graduate students and many control; robust identification and control; dynamic games undergraduates assist in this research effort. and stochastic teams; nonlinear and adaptive robust Support for this research is provided by contracts and control; decentralized and distributed detection and grants from several agencies of the federal government as estimation; routing, pricing, and congestion control; well as from industrial sources. Other departments and modeling and control of communication networks; mobile laboratories in which the department's faculty hold affiliate and distributed computing; information security and status and are engaged in interdisciplinary research include intrusion detection; incentive mechanisms through pricing; Bioengineering; Computer Science; Industrial and neural networks-based identification and control; Enterprise Systems Engineering; Materials Science and applications of control and game theory in economics Engineering; Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering; Physics; the Coordinated Science Laboratory; the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory; the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory;
1 Rashid Bashir Andreas Cangellaris BioMEMS and biosensors, bionanotechnology, Numerical techniques for electromagnetic modeling and nanomedicine, applications of MEMS and nanotechnology simulation, microwave circuit design, speed VLSI in medical and biological problems, multiscale tissue interconnects, electronic packaging, electromagnetic engineering. computer-aided design for high-speed digital and RF/microwave electronics, antenna modeling, Jennifer Bernhard optoelectronic interconnects, electromagnetic modeling Reconfigurable active and passive antennas, phased array for nonlinear optics antennas, wireless sensor systems Scott Carney Stephen G. Bishop Optical physics, including imaging, near-field microscopy, Optical and electrical characterization of crystalline and classical and quantum coherence theory, beam amorphous semiconductors and semiconductor propagation, fundamental issues of energy conservation, nanostructures, compound semiconductors (GaAs, InP, mathematical methods in inverse scattering and the AlGaAs, ZnSe, SiC), defects in semiconductors, propagation of light isoelectronic defects, rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses and GaN. Experimental techniques, including Nicholas Carter photoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron Architectures that combine programmable processors and spin resonance, magneto-optics, photoemission, infrared reconfigurable logic, computing using nanotech devices, spectroscopy design techniques to integrate computation and sensing
Richard Blahut Patrick Chapman Communications, signal processing, information theory, Power electronics, electric drives, vibrations in optical recording electromechanical systems, monolithic integrated power circuits, numerical magnetic modeling, biomechanical Stephen Boppart energy conversion Optical biomedical imaging, molecular imaging, lasers in medicine and biology, optical coherence tomography, Deming Chen image-guided surgery, medical engineering, optical Synthesis and architecture exploration for programmable diagnostics of cancer logic devices; CAD for multicore and SoC under process variation; reconfigurable computing; nanoscale IC design Yoram Bresler and CAD; high-level synthesis with physical planning; Biomedical imaging systems; statistical signal and image design space exploration for SoC; algorithmic design and processing; inverse problems; statistical pattern applications recognition; sensor-array processing Keh-Yung Cheng Donna J. Brown Molecular beam epitaxy technology, optoelectronic Asynchronous learning technologies and environments; integrated circuits, high speed devices, in situ fabrication WWW-based education; VLSI placement and routing; of nanostructures, quantum wire lasers, vertical cavity parallel and distributed algorithms and architectures; surface emitting lasers, Sb-based IR detectors and analysis and design of algorithms, with a particular interest electronic devices in approximation algorithms; graph theory Weng C. Chew Marie-Christine Brunet Electromagnetics: wave propagation in inhomogeneous Numerical algorithms, parallel computing media, microwave integrated circuits, microstrip antennas, and fast algorithms for radiation scattering, low frequency electromagnetics, and layered media; parallelization of fast algorithms; inverse scattering, imaging, and physics-based signal processing
2 Yun Chiu J. Gary Eden Integrated circuits, VLSI signal processing, device Ultraviolet and visible lasers and laser spectroscopy, modeling and CAD, wire-line and wireless microcavity plasma devices and arrays, micro- and communications nanophotonic resonators; optical physics, including femtosecond laser spectroscopy and technology, and the Hyungsoo Choi interaction of intense optical fields with matter, laser Precursors for nanoscale materials synthesis, including magnetometry syntheses and development of tailored organometallic, inorganic, and polymeric precursors; thin film and Milton Feng nanoparticle fabrication, including thin films, micro- and High-speed devices and ICs for wireless and light emitting nanoparticles, and nanowires/tubes via sol-gel processing, transistors for optoelectronics (optoelectronic IC), charged liquid cluster beam (CLCB) deposition, chemical monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC, digital IC, vapor deposition (CVD), chemical solution deposition high field transport properties, RF-MEMS for wireless (CSD), and precision particle fabrication (PPF) communications, advanced Si-CMOS device physics technology; electronic and optical materials, including fabrication of electronic, optical, and magnetic materials Matthew Frank for various devices involving thin films, micro- and Computer system architecture, parallel computing, nanoparticles, nanowires/tubes of metals, metal nitrides program analysis, concurrency control, online algorithms and oxides utilizing their electronic, optical, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties; bimaterials, Patricia Franke including fabrication of micro- and nanospheres/capsules Atmospheric dynamics, including the dynamics and of biodegradable/compatible materials for advances drug thermodynamics of the upper atmosphere through data delivery and tissue engineering analysis of radar and lidar data and through the numerical simulations of different types of flow; radar and optical Kent Choquette remote sensing of the upper atmosphere; computational Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), micro- electromagnetics, application of finite difference time and nanocavity lasers, optoelectronic devices, selective domain techniques to the problems of radar backscatter oxidation of compound semiconductors, hybrid from turbulent regions of the neutral atmosphere and the heterogenous integration, nanoprocessing fabrication, ionosphere and application of different numerical methods photonic crystal materials, Si-based optoelectronics and parallel computing for computationally demanding problems; computational fluid dynamics Shun L. Chuang Optoelectronics, semiconductor lasers, modulators, Steven J. Franke photodetectors, photonics, quantum electronics, fiber Development and application of radar and signal optical sensors, electromagnetics processing techniques for remote sensing in the middle and upper atmosphere; application of tomographic imaging to James J. Coleman the middle and upper atmosphere using arrays of ground- Semiconductor lasers, optoelectronics, epitaxial growth based sensors and low-earth orbit satellites; low-power wireless RF communications; high efficiency linear power Todd P. Coleman amplifiers for RF communications and radar applications Wireless networks, information theory, operations, research, computational neuroscience Leon A. Frizzell, Emeritus Ultrasonic biophysics, ultrasonic bioengineering Brian Cunningham Nanotechnology, photonic crystals, biosensors, micro/ Chester S. Gardner nanofabrication methods and materials detection Optical communication, laser altimetry, laser remote instrumentation sensing and ranging, laser guide stars, adaptive optics
Minh Do Image and multidimensional signal processing, wavelets, imaging, multiscale geometric analysis, visual information representation
3 George Gross Thomas S. Huang Electricity planning and analysis, power system Image processing, image compression, computer vision, operations, competitive electricity markets and auction human computer interaction, image and video databases mechanisms, transmission services and pricing, ancillary services, congestions management, reliability and security, Seth Hutchinson energy policy and economics, restructuring of the Robotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence electricity business Wen-Mei Hwu Christoforos Hadjicostis Architecture, compilation, and microarchitecture of high Systems and control, error control coding, fault diagnosis performance parallel computer systems and tolerance in dynamic systems, testing and verification, discrete event systems, algebraic systems, coding and Ravishankar K. Iyer graph theory Design and evaluation of reliable and secure networks and systems, computer measurement and modeling, Bruce Hajek dependability and security validation and benchmarking Communication networks information theory, computer networks stochastic analysis, optimization wireless Kanti Jain communication Microelectronic, optoelectronic, microsystem and biophotonic devices; novel micro and nanofabrication Lippold Haken technologies Analysis, synthesis, and processing of musical sounds, real-time computer music systems, music notation and Jianming Jin representation, music technology for the blind Computational electromagnetics, finite element methods, electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonance Mark Hasegawa-Johnson imaging, wave scattering and propagation, Acoustic phonetics, audio signal processing and speech electromagnetic interference and compatibility, recognition, speech and auditory physiology microwave and millimeter wave circuits, antennas and electromagnetic theory Karl Hess, Emeritus Hot carriers in semiconductors, electronic transport in Douglas L. Jones heterojunction structures and superlattices, numerical Digital signal processing, time-varying and time- simulation of semiconductor devices (supercomputing frequency analysis, signal processing for communications, applications), quantum transport in mesoscopic systems, binaural hearing aids, signal processing for MEMS laser diode simulation, molecular and electron nanostructures, theory and simulation, deuterium Farzad Kamalabadi processing and MOS reliability, quantum computing, Remote sensing and imaging, multidimensional signal and theorem of Bell image processing, signal reconstruction and tomography, ionospheric and space physics Nick Holonyak, Jr. Semiconductors, semiconductor device physics, semiconductor crystal growth and junction formation, diffused Si devices, SCRs, TRIACs, double injection, luminescence, light emitting diodes (LEDs), heterojunctions, lasers, tunnel diodes, compound semiconductors, quantum well heterostructures, superlattices, quantum well lasers, impurity-induced layer disordering, Al-based III-V native oxides and their use in heterostructures devices
Kuang C. Hsieh Semiconductor materials/devices processing and characterization
4 Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim Xiuling Li Growth of GaN-based compound semiconductors and Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), fabrication of optoelectronic and electronic devices using selective area epitaxy, III-V semiconductor optoelectronic plasma-assisted MBE; plasma-arc-driven electromagnetic devices, semiconductor nanotubes and nanowires, railgun for fueling of plasma devices; charged liquid nanoelectronics cluster beam generation and application to thin film deposition, micropattern generation, and nanoparticle Zhi-Pei Liang fabrication; generation of solid and hollow, charged and Magnetic resonance imaging, pattern recognition, neutral, monodisperse, micro- and nanospheres for statistical learning, bioinformatics biomedical and other applications; plasma display panels; development of novel thin film deposition techniques Daniel Liberzon using plasmas, charged particles, electrostatic spraying, Nonlinear control theory, analysis and synthesis of hybrid and their combinations with other techniques; MEMS and dynamical systems, systems with imprecise measurements sensors; ionized source (cluster) beam deposition for low- and/or modeling uncertainty, stochastic differential temperature growth of high-quality films; inertial equations and control confinement fusion targets Chang Liu Ralf Koetter MEMS, microsensors, microintegrated fluidics systems, Practical and theoretical aspects of coding theory, MEMS for nanotechnology, wireless interface for sensors, complexity, algorithms, communication systems, sensitive skin networks Michael C. Loui Philip T. Krein Computational complexity theory, ethics in engineering Power electronics, electric machinery and and computing, scholarship of teaching and learning electromechanics, electric and hybrid vehicle systems Steven Lumetta Erhan Kudeki Optical network architecture, computer architecture, Radar remote sensing; atmospheric winds, waves, and cluster computing, parallel computing, user-level turbulence; ionospheric plasma instabilities; incoherent communication, validation and reliability scatter electric field measurements; midlatitude field aligned irregularities and meteor trails Joseph W. Lyding Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM- P. R. Kumar based nanolithography and nanofabrication, silicon-based Wireless networks, sensor networks, convergence of molecular electronics, carbon nanotubes and carbon-based control, communication and computation, semiconductor nanotechnology merged with silicon, growth of 3-D silicon manufacturing, manufacturing systems, machine learning, nanostructures, deuterium processing and hot electron adaptive systems, control, stochastic systems degradation in semiconductor devices, atomically precise dopant mapping, cross-sectional STM of semiconductor Jean-Pierre Leburton heterostructures, oxide silicon interface mapping, carbon Theory of semiconductor devices, modeling and nanotube purification simulation of nanostructures, electronic and optical properties of heterostructures and low dimensional Yi Ma systems, transport in quantum structures, electronic Computer vision, including multiple view geometry, properties, charging effects in quantum dots and structure from motion, dynamic vision, real-time tracking, nanocrystals, spin effects in nanostructures, quantum and active vision; systems theory, including geometric computation and quantum information processing, nano- nonlinear control, hybrid systems, vision-based robotic bio-electronics control and navigation
Stephen Levinson Speech processing, language acquisition, natural language understanding, speech synthesis
5 Jonathan Makela Constantine D. Polychronopoulos Ionospheric physics, especially irregularities at low- and Parallelizing/optimizing compilers for multithreaded mid-latitudes and their effects on trans-ionospheric architectures, program restructuring and optimization; satellite signals, response of the Earth's ionosphere to code generation and optimization for superscalar geomagnetic storms; optical and radio remote sensing processors; parallel programming languages; techniques from ground- and satellite-based platforms environments for parallel programming; partitioning, scheduling, and run-time environments for parallel Sean Meyn computers; multiprocessor operating systems with Optimal control, Markov processes (with or without multithreading support; parallel computer architectures; control), stochastic approximation and adaptive control, performance evaluation of parallel architectures reinforcement learning and simulation, spectral theory and large deviations, information theory, stochastic networks Umberto Ravaioli Monte Carlo simulation of high speed electronic devices; Pierre Moulin numerical methods for semiconductor device simulation; Image and video processing, compression, statistical signal quantum devices; supercomputation and visualization; processing, information hiding, information theory reliability of MOS devices; micro- and nano-electro- mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); charge transport David Nicol in biological systems (ionic channels); properties of carbon Cyber-security, modeling and analysis of computer and nanotubes communications systems, high performance simulation, parallel processing Elyse Rosenbaum Design of ESD-protected RFICs, modeling and simulation William D. O'Brien, Jr. of ESD protection circuits, latch-up, design of very high Ultrasonic biophysics and bioeffects, acoustic microscopy, speed I/Os, gate oxide reliability ultrasonic bioengineering, ultrasonic dosimetry, ultrasonic tissue characterization, acoustic imaging techniques William Sanders Dependability, security, and performance evaluation; Michael L. Oelze intrusion- and fault-tolerant systems; reliable and secure Ultrasound, including backscatter microscopy, distributed systems quantitative imaging, computed tomography; use of ultrasound for cancer diagnosis and therapy; bioeffects of Dilip V. Sarwate ultrasound; sonoporation; coded excitation and ultrasound Communications
Thomas Overbye Peter W. Sauer Power systems operation and control, power system Electric machinery modeling, analysis and control, power stability, power system analysis by computer methods, system dynamic modeling and simulation, power system power system visualization stability
Sanjay Patel Jose Schutt-Aine Computer architecture, microarchitecture, high- Electronic packaging, microwave theory and performance and reliable computer systems, the measurements, and digital circuit modeling, including implications of future generation applications and integration of modeling and simulation tools, high- implementation technologies on systems design performance computation for simulation of packages, applications of V-shaped transmission lines Janak H. Patel VLSI testing and testability, VLSI design automation
William R. Perkins, Emeritus Control systems, system theory, sensitivity theory and robust control, large-scale dynamic systems
6 Naresh Shanbhag Nitin Vaidya Design and VLSI implementation of low-power, high- Wireless networking, mobile computing, fault-tolerant performance multimedia digital signal processing and computing communications systems, noise-tolerant deep submicron VLSI systems, fundamental bounds on efficiency of VLSI Venu Veeravalli information processing systems, power-aware Sensor networks, wireless communication, detection and reconfigurable DSP systems, low-power DSP and circuits, estimation theory, information theory DSP and communication system design, digital ASIC design Pramod Viswanath Communication theory, wireless communication, Andrew Singer information theory, communication networks Statistical signal processing, communications, machine learning, data compression, sonar/lidar/optical signal Benjamin W. Wah processing Nonlinear optimization, parallel processing, distributed processing, artificial intelligence, computer networks, Mark W. Spong multimedia signal processing Nonlinear control theory, robotics, mechatronics, networked control systems, teleoperation, bipedal Martin Wong locomotion Computer-aided design of VLSI, design for manufacturing, routing for high-speed packaging, field- Richard W. Sproat programmable systems, design and analysis of algorithms, Computational linguistics, speech technology, linguistics, combinatorial optimization writing systems, psycholinguistics Jianhua (David) Zhang Rayadurgam Srikant Lasers and laser spectroscopy, electromagnetics, plasma Internet, wireless networks, sensor networks, game theory, diagnostics, optics, cryogenics, electric and electronic queueing theory, information theory circuits Gary Swenson Advanced Automation Remote sensing of the atmosphere from ground-based, aircraft, and spacecraft using optical methods; space Acquisition, Compression and Interpolation of environment issues with a particular emphasis on Panoramic Stereo Images of a Scene for Remote spacecraft glows Walkthroughs N. Ahuja,* Y. Shinagawa,* M. Maitre, A. Jagmohan Gregory Timp [email protected] Nanoelectronics, including fabrication, development, and National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25523 characterization of the performance of silicon MOS nanotransistors to discover the fundamental limitations of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory the silicon MOSFET; nanobiotechnology, including This project is aimed at producing novel images of a scene nanometer-scale lithography used to probe biological from arbitrary new viewpoints using a sparse set of function and study molecular transport through nanopores; panoramic snapshots or sample images of the scene. The synthetic nanopore sensors for rapidly and inexpensively samples are taken from a relatively small number of sequencing DNA; laser-guided assembly, including arrays strategically placed cameras. A major application and of optical traps to assemble nanosystems evaluation testbed of the proposed work is to enable walkthroughs of a 3-D scene by generating the images of John Tucker the scene along a trajectory chosen by a remote user Metal silicide source/drain MOS transistors at ~10nm gate dynamically. length, atom-scale electron devices made by STM patterning of donors in silicon, nanoscale architectures
* Denotes principal investigator.
7 Automated Visual Learning of Safety Appliances on algorithms to analyze these images for detecting worn or Railcars defective components. N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, C. B. Liu Machine-Vision Based Assessment of Intermodal [email protected] Railroad Loading Patterns American Association for Railroads N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, S. Todorovic, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory P. Vemuru [email protected] This project is aimed at the development of visual learning Burlington Northern Santa Fe techniques and their implementation for automatic checking of the state of safety appliances on a moving train. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This consists of the following stages: acquisition of images This project is the design and implementation of a of railcars for inspection of the safety appliances located computer vision system for automatic assessment of the on the railcar sides; identification of image characteristics loading pattern of trains passing by a wayside monitoring associated with the health of the safety appliances; station. The research is concerned with the following major identification of types of models useful to represent the areas: development of algorithms for automatic inspection railcar appearance when the safety appliances are in of double stack railcars, identification of advanced imaging satisfactory condition, and if necessary, to represent sensors to enhance algorithm performance, field testing of unsatisfactory condition as well; application of models to the algorithms and sensors, and the development of a field learn the descriptions of safe and unsafe appliances; and deployable wayside system to demonstrate a proof of application of the results of learning to railcar concept. The system needs to have the following classification. capabilities: to image parts of a moving train, to identify Globally Coordinated Locally Linear Models specific double stack cards in the train, to analyze key N. Ahuja,* H. Arora, A. Briassouli portions of these images to detect the presence or absence [email protected] of loaded containers, and to detect occurrences of double Office of Naval Research stack loading. This project is aimed at modeling spatiotemporal Next-Generation RFID Systems: People and Object variations in video sequences such as variations in raw Tracking for Homeland Security Applications color values, as well as certain functions computed on these N. Ahuja,* J. Bernard,* G. Horn, R. Jaehne,* values. Since an arbitrary scene consists of distinct objects V. Kindratenko,* S. Patel,* N. Vaidya,* T. Yu, occupying different parts at different times, making video B. Ghanem sequences nonstationary, the goal is local rather than global [email protected] spatiotemporal modeling. The applicability of the models University of Illinois being developed extends beyond video, to a variety of This project is aimed at developing methods for tracking multivariate, multidimensional data encountered in and localization of people in buildings. A central feature everyday life. of the proposed work is the use of Radio Frequency Machine Vision for Improved Safety Inspection of Identification (RFID) tags. Current RFID technology has Railcars inadequate reliability, particularly for homeland security N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* A. Kumar applications. The goal of this project to pursue research on [email protected] next-generation RFID systems, in collaboration with Transportation Research Board application domain experts at the Illinois Fire Service Institute, e.g., to help firefighters and other first responders It is vital to rail safety to ensure that critical mechanical do their jobs more effectively. components are in good working order at all times. However, currently much of inspectors’ time is expended inspecting items that are in good working order. This project is aimed at the development of a machine vision system for wayside automatic inspection of railcars, using an advanced camera system that images each railcar truck as a train passes by, and then using machine vision
* Denotes principal investigator.
8 Recognition and Contents-Based Retrieval of Hand a specific workspace. Instead, it is constructed for an Gestures from Video obstacle-free workspace, and the mapping from workspace N. Ahuja,* A. Briassouli, A. Sehgal cells to nodes and arcs in the roadmap is encoded. When [email protected] the environment changes, this mapping is used to make the U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-03-1-0107 appropriate modifications to the roadmap, and plans can be generated by searching the modified roadmap. At the heart Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of the method is the encoding for mapping workspace This project is concerned with recognition of scenes from obstacles to configuration space obstacles. To make the the spatiotemporal structure of the video data. Trajectories proposed approach truly viable, a major component of the of scene contents seen in the video sequence are used as proposed research will focus on robustness and complexity the basis for this purpose. Objects are characterized by their issues. These issues will be addressed by using tools from spectral properties as well as temporal behavior. Such the fields of image processing, information theory, graph representations are used for information access as well as theory, computational geometry, and incremental for recognition using such methods as support vector algorithms. machines. Scale Dependent Processing of Clustered Sensory Advanced Processing and Circuits Signals N. Ahuja,* A. Feng,* M. Nelson,* C. Gao, H. Arora AlGan/GaN HFET Fabrication and Characterization [email protected] I. Adesida,* V. Kumar, A. Kuliev National Science Foundation, NSF IBN 04-22073 Triquint Corporation Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The broad objective of this proposal is to understand the This project involves a collaboration with Triquint computational algorithms used by animals to extract Corporation on the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HFETs. individual signals that are embedded in a cluster of similar Technologies for the fabrication of the HFETs will be signals. Our major hypotheses are: that characteristics of developed. the received signal and the separability of individual Gallium Nitride Optoelectronics components will vary as a function of distance from the I. Adesida,* L. Zhou cluster; that computational algorithms for detection, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, localization, and identification should reflect these scale- DAAD19-99-1-0011 dependent changes; and that motor strategies and sensory filtering properties should be adaptively adjusted when Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory processing sensory signals at different distance scales. This project focuses on experimental issues for the Real-Time Path Planning in Changing Environments fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and circuits in S. Hutchinson* gallium nitride and related materials. UV detectors, field National Science Foundation effect transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistors will be investigated. Methods for integrating these devices Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory will also be explored. New methods are proposed to generate collision-free paths Porous GaN: Production, Characterization, and for robots that operate in environments that change over Applications time. The proposed approach is related to recent I. Adesida,* P. Bohn,* X. Li,* S. Kim probabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners use U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1 preprocessing and query stages and are aimed at planning many times in the same environment. In contrast, the Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory preprocessing stage for this research creates a This program involves the generation and characterization representation of the configuration space that can be easily of porous GaN and SiC for applications in growth of high modified in real-time to account for changes in the quality epitaxial layers. Matrices with dimensions down to environment. As with previous approaches, the proposed 50 nm are to be achieved for the porous materials. approach began by constructing a roadmap in the configuration space, but this roadmap is not constructed for
* Denotes principal investigator.
9 Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related Compounds I. Adesida,* L. Zhou, F. Khan Aeronomy ATMI/Air Force Engineering Services and Utilities for ST Radar Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Operation at the Sidney Field Station This program consists of the development of viable E. Kudeki,* S. Henson processing methods for gallium nitride and related National Science Foundation; SBC Utah State University compounds. A systematic study of etching techniques, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations will be This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at the conducted and applied to devices. university's Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric and Resonant Enhanced Modulators stratospheric wind, reflectivity, and aspect sensitivity I. Adesida,* S. Rommel measurements to be conducted with the Sidney radar will Air Force; Sarnoff Corporation complement similar measurements conducted by similar Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory radars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory and Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network will This is a collaborative program with Sarnoff Corporation be used in correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wave on resonant enhanced modulators in InP-based propagation in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere heterostructures. Waveguides with coupling rings are to be as well as phenomena associated with the evolution and fabricated and characterized in InP-heterostructures. High dynamics of weather fronts. precision patterning using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching and electron beam lithography will be Engineering Services and Utilities for the Bondville used in fabricating the modulators. Field Station E. Kudeki,* S. Henson Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field Effect National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 52 Transistors RANR 100075 I. Adesida,* K. Ismail* National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST (stratosphere-mesosphere) radar administered by NOAA This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is intended to is maintained at the Bondville Field Station. The significantly advance the growth and fabrication FLATLAND radar, operating at a frequency of 50 MHz, technologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped field effect has been designed to investigate the dynamics of the transistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speed atmosphere above a plain area with insignificant microwave and digital applications. Specific goals are to orographical forcing. The routinely measured reflectivity study the physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, and profiles and Doppler spectra are collected in a NOAA complementary MODFETs and to demonstrate simple database. Joint measurements with the Urbana Field circuits. Station MST radar are performed to investigate the Ultra-High-Power GaN Power Amplifier at X-Band horizontal scale lengths of atmospheric gravity waves and I. Adesida,* W. Lu, D. Selvanathan to follow the transit of weather fronts. Air Force; TRW Corporation Radar Studies of the Equatorial Ionosphere Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory E. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. Urbina National Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400 This collaborative project with TRW Corporation is to fabricate an ultra-high-power GaN-based HFET amplifier Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory on SiC at X-Band. Various processing techniques for GaN The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near will be developed as part of this project. Lima, Peru, is used to investigate the structure and dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. In the mesosphere ionospheric D region, investigations aim to resolve the internal structure of narrow echoing layers and determine the relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In the higher ionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts,
* Denotes principal investigator.
10 instabilities, and turbulence are under study. Current Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the projects include efforts to quantify the anisotropies of Human Head equatorial plasma turbulence, obtain interferometric W. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* C. R. Lansing, images of plasma irregularity structures, and measure the R. D. Chambers (Speech & Hearing Sci.); L. M. Brault, component of ionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic field W. Han, M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.); J. A. McNew, direction. Major research effort is dedicated to the A. A. Bellina refinement of radar techniques suitable for these studies. [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bioacoustics FA9550-06-1-0128 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Development of Intelligent Hearing Aid and Technology A. Feng* (Physiol.); D. L. Jones, B. C. Wheeler, The objective is to develop an understanding, based on first W. D. O'Brien; C. Lansing, R. Bilger (Speech & principles, of the reception and conduction paths of very- Hearing) high-amplitude air-borne sound levels (about 150 dB) to Phonak, Inc. the inner ear by soft and hard tissues in order to design an Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science advanced hearing protector device. The computational and Technology goal is to develop an acoustic propagation model using well-understood and documented computational This project aims to refine binaural signal processing techniques that will model propagated acoustic signals algorithms for hearing aids so that they are suitable for real- around and inside the human head. Modeling of acoustic time implementation in a commercial hearing aid. Also diffraction around stationary and moving complex studied is wireless communication between hearing aids geometries will be accomplished with finite-element and support devices located on the body. analysis (FEA). This model will take into consideration the High-Intensity Ultrasound for Prostate Treatment effects of diffraction of sound around the human head, and L. A. Frizzell,* J. S. Tan, G. M. Warren the direction from which the sound has traveled from the [email protected] acoustic source to the human head. National Institutes of Health, CA81340; SBC Interscience Hearing Protection for High-Noise Environments Research, Inc. W. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.), Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science J. A. McNew, A. A. Bellina and Technology [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, STTR AF06- In this study, ultrasound phased arrays are being developed T035; SBC: Creare, Inc. for high intensity ultrasound treatment of prostate disease. These arrays will allow electrical scanning of the focus and Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science will replace currently used transducers that must be and Technology mechanically scanned. The design will use a cylindrically Hearing protection for personnel working in high-noise shaped array with elements larger than a wavelength to environments remains an important challenge for the keep the number of elements to a reasonable level and scientific and engineering community. The sound levels thereby reduce the cost and complexity of manufacture. close to certain modern military weapons platforms The goal is to determine an optimal design that will approach 150 dBA. At these levels, the attenuation minimize the effects of grating lobes by varying the provided by hearing protection devices (HPDs) is limited spacing and size of the elements. by bone-conducted sound that bypasses the ear canal and its associated protection (earplugs and earmuffs). An improved understanding of the transmission mechanisms for bone-conducted sound is required to enable the design of improved active and passive hearing protection devices. Creare and the University of Illinois propose a three- pronged approach to investigate the transmission of bone- conducted sound and design-improved HPDs. The approach involves calculation, using an acoustic wave
* Denotes principal investigator.
11 propagation model implemented in finite element analysis ultrasound (US)-induced biological effect; that is, whether software; simulation, using an instrumented physical the application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in model of a human head; and human subject tests, humans adversely affects the vasculature. The medical investigating the nonlinear response of the cochlea to bone profession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is a conduction stimulation. In Phase I, we propose to significant medical risk to the patient—by advising demonstrate the feasibility of each of these techniques. In clinicians about this risk, and suggesting how the clinician Phase II, we will conduct a detailed investigation of the can monitor the degree of risk. Likewise, the medical phenomena using these techniques and apply the results to profession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is not the next generation of hearing protection devices. a significant medical risk to the patient—by eliminating this as a clinical concern. In either case, there is clear Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of the Breast medical significance. The data necessary to decide this W. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* M. L. Oelze; issue are not currently available. Today we are faced with D. G. Simpson (Statistics); a significant challenge about the human use of UCAs; that T. A. Bigelow (University of North Dakota); M. N. Do, is, the lack of knowledge of whether the interaction of US M. R. King, A. Haak, D. P. Hruska, R. J. Miller, with UCAs is a significant medical problem in humans. J. P. Blue, Jr., J. L. King; S. Sarwate (Pathology); FDA is also uncertain about the safety and/or effectiveness T. J. Hall, J. A. Zagzebski, of UCAs and is waiting until more is known about the risk E. L. Madsen (University of Wisconsin); W. D. O'Brien of these agents before approving new UCAs, thus denying [email protected] their well-known benefits to the patient. National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, R01 CA111289 Evaluation of Inertial Cavitation's Role in Sonoporation Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* M. M. Forbes (Bioengr.), and Technology D. A. King (Mech. Sci. & Engr.) The long-term goal of the Bioengineering Research Internal Funds Partnerships (BRP) (between the University of Illinois and The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to the University of Wisconsin) is to develop, unify, refine, examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast and implement a fundamentally new approach to agent with ultrasound alters the cell membrane to large quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging of biological molecules. A significant problem in cancer therapy is the tissues and mammary tumors by the quantification of tissue compromised quality of life experienced by the patient due microstructure through acoustic backscatter. The overall to the side effects of the therapeutic compounds. Delivery hypothesis is that a set of QUS parameters can significantly of molecular medicine to solid tumors is often inefficient improve breast lesion differentiation and classification. and as a result, the patient’s healthy cells and tissues are The primary QUS parameters to be exploited include subject to the toxic effects of the drugs. Thus, it is important attenuation, scatterer size, scatterer number density, and to develop approaches that deliver drugs to the appropriate acoustic concentration (scatterer number density times cells within the patient in a way that is specific, efficient, their impedance change). and safe. One such method involves the use of ultrasound Ultrasound-Induced Tissue Damage Assessment to enhance cell permeabilization. With this method it is W. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* M. L. Oelze; D. G. Simpson (Stat.); possible, by using ultrasound and contrast microbubbles, J. E. Erdman, Jr. (Food Sci. & Human Nutr.); to deliver therapeutic compounds noninvasively into M. M. Forbes, C. A. Johnson, Z. T. Hafez (Bioengr.); specific target cells. J. L. King, R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue, Jr., Inertial Cavitation and Neovascularization S. Sarwate (Pathology) W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* M. L. Oelze, [email protected] C. A. Johnson (Bioengr.), R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, R37 EB002641 The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast and Technology agent with ultrasound alters the expression of vascular The proposed research program is a basic science growth factor molecules following capillary injury. The (nonclinical) investigation of a potentially significant generation of these data will allow for a more clear
* Denotes principal investigator.
12 understanding of the safety issues surrounding the use of ultrasound with contrast agents in human beings have been ultrasound contrast agents to assess blood flow and reported. The center topic involved in this cooperative myocardial perfusion in human patients. Microbubble program between the two research programs is the ultrasound contrast agents are valuable diagnostic tools for connection between bioeffects and the bubbles responses physicians, but their use must be considered in the context to ultrasonic insonification. of risk-benefit assessment for each patient. The medical Biomaterials Characterization with High-Frequency significance of and long-term potential benefits from the Ultrasound Computed Tomography use of ultrasound contrast agents are clear; however, M. L. Oelze* concerns related to their “safe use” have been raised [email protected] because of reports of microbubble ultrasound contrast 3M Corporation agent-induced vascular injury. Currently, the medical significance and pathogenesis of such phenomena are not Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science clearly understood. Because ultrasound contrast agents are and Technology poised to be used to assess myocardial and skeletal muscle The objective is to evaluate diffraction tomography perfusion, the results of our study are an early step in algorithms applicable to soft tissue scattering, construct a developing an understanding of the primary bioeffects high-frequency ultrasound computed tomography (injury) of ultrasound contrast agent on capillary beds of scanning device, and evaluate model biological systems for the heart and circulatory system. scanning. An ultrasound frequency of up to 100 MHz Ultrasound Contrast Agents; Dynamic Physical yielding resolution of 12 to 15 micrometers will be used. Behavior and Bioeffects Elastic properties of cell models, other kinds of tissues, and W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* synthetic biomaterials will be imaged and quantified. The S. L. Bridal (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, high-resolution, quantitative information that the high- UMR C.N.R.S. 7623, Paris), A. Haak, frequency ultrasound computed tomography device can D. A. King (Mech. Sci. & Engr.) yield will be beneficial for many kinds of research into University of Illinois-Centre National de Las Recherche properties and functioning of materials. Scientifique Collaborative Research Program Tumor Diagnosis through Enhanced Ultrasound Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Imaging and Technology M. L. Oelze,* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), W. D. O'Brien, Jr. The objective of the program is to develop a collaborative [email protected] interaction between the two research groups that will National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, investigate the physical interaction mechanisms between F32CA96419 ultrasound and contrast agents. The two research programs are the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of and Technology Illinois and Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramètrique, The objective is to develop and refine a fundamentally new Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France. approach to enhance ultrasound imaging of biological Both research programs have contributed significantly to tissues by the quantification of tissue microstructure the capabilities of diagnostic imaging. During the last through acoustic backscatter. This enhanced imaging decade, ultrasonic contrast agents have provided clinical technique will then be adapted for real-time in situ clinical ultrasonic imaging with a new and powerful capability to diagnosis of solid tumors with the expectation of producing image structures not previously possible. These agents are acoustic images that will provide an accurate diagnosis of made of small microbubbles (< 5 µm in diameter) that are cancer. Use of enhanced ultrasound imaging is medically administered into the vascular system of the body to significant because it offers a quick and noninvasive means enhance ultrasound image contrast. Ultrasound contrast of detecting and classifying tumor types. agents are used as adjuncts in routine ultrasound evaluations to enhance sonographic contrast and thus increase the opportunity for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of a variety of disease processes including heart disease and cancer. Concerns about the potential bioeffects of inertial cavitation associated with the interaction of
* Denotes principal investigator.
13 BASIC-Bio-Inspired Assembly of Semiconductor IC BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology S. Lee, R. Bashir* [email protected] Nano-Therapeutics: Bacterial Mediated Delivery of National Science Foundation Nanoparticles into Cells D. Akin, J. Sturgis, K. Burholder, A. Bhunia, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. P. Robinson, R. Bashir* In this work a new process called BASIC (Bio-Inspired [email protected] Assembly of Semiconductor Integrated Circuits) is Purdue University proposed. The main theme is to use dielectrophoresis and Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory biochemical molecules for the assembly of useful silicon devices on silicon or other substrate. In this project, we demonstrate the integration of two technologies to develop a simple yet powerful method to Electronic Detection of Spore Germination in Micro- deliver genes loaded on nanoparticles, which in turn are fluidic Biochips carried on the surface of bacteria. Y.-S. Liu, T. Walter, A. Aronson, R. Bashir* [email protected] Electrical Detection of CD4+ Cells from Blood for National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDA Resource Limited Settings (Collaboration with Harvard University) Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory X. Cheng, Y.-S. Liu, D. Irimia, U. Dimirci, In the NIH and USDA funded project, we are developing W. Rodriguez, M. Toner, R. Bashir* biochips for the concentration, viability and germination [email protected] detection, and identification of Bacillus anthracis. We National Institutes of Health have developed a new impedance-based method to detect Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory germination of spores in real time within microfluidic biochips using Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores as the CD4 cell counts measure the health of the immune system model organism. in HIV-infected patients and are essential to diagnose and monitor HIV-infected patients. The high-end laboratory Integrated Microfluidic Devices for Detection of equipment used in high-end countries is beyond the reach Microorganisms of third world resource-limited settings. Prof. Toner’s and Y. Liu, S. Bhattacharya, L. Liu, B. Panada, A. Bhunia, Rodriguez’s groups had developed surfaces functionalized M. Ladisch, R. Bashir* with Abs for the specific capture of the target cells. In [email protected] collaboration, Prof. Bashir’s group developed a novel USDA/ARS Center for Food Safety Engineering technique for electrical detection of the captured cells that Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory is compatible with large surface area cell capture. This USDA funded project through the Center for Food Silicon Field Effect Device Array for Label Free Safety Engineering at Purdue is focused on development Detection of DNA and Proteins of technology platforms for the detection and identification O. Elibol, B. Reddy, P. Nair, A. Alam, D. Bergstrom, of live bacteria from food and fluid samples. We have R. Bashir* integrated sample preparation, DEP and antibody mediated [email protected] capture, and capture and culture of bacteria cells inside National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science microfluidic devices. Foundation (NSF) Nano-Medicine: Use of Phi-29 Packaging RNA Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory NanoMotor for Active Devices In this NIH and NSF funded project, we are working on J.-M. Moon, D. Akin, C. Mao, P. Guo, R. Bashir* fabrication, modeling, and selective functionalization of [email protected] nanoscale thickness field effect transistors for the label free National Institutes of Health (NIH) detection of micro-RNAs and proteins. Semiconductor Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory based field effect sensing of biomolecules has been shown to be a promising technology for biomedical diagnostics A specific project recently funded through NIH applications. Nanomedicine Center involves the use of the Phi-29 packaging RNA nanomotor and interfacing this biological
* Denotes principal investigator.
14 motor with micro/nano fabricated devices. The center High-Performance Reliable Computing Addressing overview can be found at (http://www.vet.purdue.edu/ the Parameter-Variation Challenge through a Cross- PeixuanGuo/NDC/). Disciplinary Architecture, CAD, and Compiler Approach Cantilever Based Lab on a Chip for Detection of D. Chen,* J. Torrellas, C. Zilles Biological Entities National Science Foundation K. Park, A. Gupta, J. Jang, D. Akin, S. Broyles, M. Ladisch, R. Bashir* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] This project proposes to combine microarchitectural, National Institutes of Health (NIH) CAD, and compiler innovations to enable reliable, high- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory performance, gigascale multicore chips built out of unreliable components. We treat frequency, power, and In this NIH funded project, we are developing integrated error rate as dynamically tradable quantities that are the devices with cantilever sensors for detection of viruses. subject of multilevel optimization. The virus particles we used in the study were vaccinia virus, which is a member of the Poxviridae family and Modeling, Mitigating, and Tolerating Faults Due to forms the basis of the smallpox vaccine. We have Parameter Variation in Multicores: A demonstrated the detection of a single vaccinia virus Microarchitecture and CAD Approach particle with an average mass of 9.5 fg. D. Chen,* J. Torrellas Semiconductor Research Corporation DNA Nano-Channel Sensors for Single Molecule Detection and Characterization Conducted in both Coordinated Science Laboratory and M. Venkatesan, D. Peroulis, R. Bashir* the Siebel Center [email protected] This project proposes novel microarchitecture and CAD NASA/NIH techniques for the mitigation, detection, and tolerance of Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory variation-induced errors—in an environment where such errors may happen frequently during normal multicore In this project we have been working on fabrication of execution. The approach can be applied to both high- nano-pore channels for the direct characterization of single performance and low-power environments. molecules of DNA. The nano-pore channels are fabricated in an SOI silicon layer using e-beam lithography and TEM New Techniques in Synthesis and Physical Design for beam induced shrinking of the resulting pore. FPGAs D. Chen,* M. Wong Circuits Altera Corporation, USA Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory CAREER: Nano-Centric Design Methodology for This project investigates the following FPGA synthesis Nanoscale FPGAs topics: synthesis with multiclock constraints, synthesis for D. Chen* FPGA power reduction, and the design of new academic National Science Foundation benchmark circuits. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory SOS: A Nanotube-Based Configurable Logic Fabric This project proposes a fundamental, systematic, and nano- D. Chen,* E. Pop centric design methodology for nanoscale FPGAs. The Research Board, University of Illinois at Urbana- proposal includes the following four integrated design Champaign aspects: patterning, designs of novel and reliable Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory architecture patterns; modeling, development of new device/wire/circuit models considering nanomaterial- This project will design and build a new SWCNT-based specific characteristics; synthesizing, focuses on novel logic fabric, named SOS (Sea-of-SWCNTs), targeting high nano-centric synthesis techniques; and evaluating, performance and logic density. This prototyping chip is building a new parameterized nanoFPGA evaluation/ configurable through a burn-in process. exploration engine called the NanoEngine.
* Denotes principal investigator.
15 An Integrated Design Methodology for Low-Power the same technology, nor are their ESD networks DSP and Communications Systems necessarily designed together. I. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. Bobba Full-Chip Simulation of Charged Device Model ESD National Science Foundation, MIP-9710235 E. Rosenbaum,* J. Lee, F. Farbiz Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] UMC The goal of this project is to develop an integrated computer-aided design (CAD) approach for the design of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory low-power hardware for digital signal processing (DSP) The capability to perform circuit simulation of ESD events and communications applications. The approach increases the number of parts that pass ESD qualification incorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level on the first try. The charged device model (CDM) best (circuit) parameters and includes novel capabilities for represents yield reducing events that occur in modern design exploration and low-power circuit synthesis. The factories. The CDM represents the single pin discharge of design exploration will be done by developing low-power a packaged chip that is at a potential hundreds of volts constrained algorithm design procedures that employ an above ground. We are investigating whether sufficiently analytic relation between word-level and bit-level signal accurate CDM simulation results can be obtained using statistics. The synthesis effort will incorporate signal only a small simulation netlist that contains macro-models statistics, high-level hardware models, and algorithm of the multiple discharge paths. The various power transformations to generate low-power dedicated domains are linked through the substrate, and an implementation of DSP algorithms. appropriate model of it must be developed. Compact, Scalable SCR Model Highly Reliable Receiver Circuits for High-Speed IO E. Rosenbaum,* J. Di Sarro Links [email protected] E. Rosenbaum,* N. Shanbhag,* A. Srivastava, A. Faust, National Semiconductor K. Bhatia, R. L. Narasimha Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] Semiconductor Research Corp. SCR devices may be used for on-chip ESD protection. The turn-on delay and holding voltage are highly layout Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory dependent. We are developing a compact, scalable model We are applying communication theory to design ESD- of the SCR for circuit simulation purposes. protected, high-speed serial links. Links are expected to Electrical Overstress Protection for System-in-a- provide data rates in excess of 10 Gb/s at a BER less than Package 10-15, per-channel power consumption less than 100 mW, E. Rosenbaum,* N. Olson, N. Jack and a 3-KV HBM-ESD protection level. National Science Foundation Simultaneous Reduction of Substrate Noise Coupling Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and Latchup Hazards The objective of this research is to explore the response of E. Rosenbaum,* F. Farbiz system-in-a-package to electrical overstress events, and to Semiconductor Research Corp. develop the know-how to protect against these without Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory compromising the system performance. The objective of this project is to develop compact models ESD Reliability of 3-D System-in-a-Package and design guidelines for the simultaneous mitigation of E. Rosenbaum,* J. Lee, N. Jack substrate coupling and latchup hazards. Substrate coupling Micron Technology Foundation and latchup both are the result of current injection into the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory silicon substrate beneath the active circuitry. Substrate coupling compromises signal integrity; latchup can cause This research project focuses on the development of catastrophic permanent failure of an integrated circuit. strategies for protecting 3-D SiP against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Of particular interest are SiP in which the die are connected to each other by wafer interconnects (TWI). The various die are not necessarily fabricated using
* Denotes principal investigator.
16 Stacked Packaging and CDM-ESD Reliability generator. The resulting circuit layouts are targeted to meet E. Rosenbaum,* V. Shukla power, delay, and reliability specifications. Semiconductor Research Corp. High-Speed Architectures for Iterative Decoders Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory N. R. Shanbhag,* M. Mansour CCR-9979381; CCR-0085929 For applications in which the microelectronic components must have a minimum footprint, stacked packaging is the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory preferred way to integrate multiple die. This project This research focuses on the design of high-speed iterative focuses on development of ESD protection strategies for decoders. Recently, turbo codes, low-density parity check stacked chip-sized packages (CSP). The use of stacked (LDPC) codes, and related concatenated codes have been packaging will tend to increase the ESD hazard. In stacked proven to be extraordinarily effective in improving the bit- packaging, the static charge may have to travel through error rates on noisy communication links. Decoders for protection circuits located on multiple die, as well as one such codes are iterative and block-based, making high or more bond wires. Thus, one expects to observe a larger data-rates difficult to achieve. These decoders are also voltage drop along the discharge path in a stacked package, memory intensive. Our research explores alternative and this will present a hazard to gate dielectric integrity. decoding algorithms that might be appropriate for low- Algorithms and VLSI Architectures for Joint power and high-performance VLSI implementations. Equalization and Decoding High-Speed IO Signaling N. R. Shanbhag,* A. C. Singer, S. J. Lee N. R. Shanbhag,* G. Balamurugan, H. M. Bae, CCR-9979381; CCR-00-85929 S. Sridhara Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Intel This project explores efficient algorithms and architectures Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory for joint equalization and decoding in high data-rate The goal of this project is to investigate solutions for data communications systems. Such systems suffer from transmission in the range of 5Gb/s–10Gb/s for inter-chip intersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Conventional communications. The project involves the application of approaches separate the two functions of equalization and communications and signal processing theory and decoding for historical reasons. Significant improvements techniques to analyze high-speed I/O links. Until recently, in bit-error rates are feasible if the two functions are design efforts have been focused primarily on transceiver executed jointly. Techniques such as turbo equalization are electronics without comprehension of the communication being explored where the equalizer and the decoder channel. In addition, no rigorous, comprehensive analysis exchange soft information to enhance performance. techniques exist to analyze and predict the performance of Application of these new receiver techniques to broadband I/O signaling systems. By viewing the I/O link as a noisy communication systems such as very high-speed digital communication channel over which reliable information subscriber lines (VDSL) and wireless is being studied. transfer needs to take place, the project proposes to develop Fluid IP Core Generators analysis methods and explore design possibilities to N. R. Shanbhag, B. Lam, M. Zhang, B. Shim accomplish reliable energy-efficient high-speed data Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency transfer over inter-chip links. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Noise-Tolerant DSP in the Deep Submicron Era N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang, G. Balamurugan This project seeks to develop design techniques and tools National Science Foundation, CCR-9902745 for realizing custom-quality VLSI designs in synthesis quality design cycle times for DOD applications. The focus Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of our research is on datapath intensive broadband This research addresses the design of reliable and energy- communication subsystems, such as filters and FFT. The efficient DSP systems in deep submicron (DSM) SMOS design methodology includes an architecture optimizer and technology in a unified manner via the development of a layout synthesizer bypassing logic synthesis. Techniques noise-tolerant algorithmic and circuit design techniques. In such as device sizing, noise-tolerance (both at the circuit particular, circuit design techniques that tolerate leakage, and algorithmic level), algorithm transforms, power, and crosstalk, ground bounce, and process variations are being delay models are being incorporated into the core developed. Algorithmic approaches that exploit the
* Denotes principal investigator.
17 statistical structure of multimedia signals to combat DSM noise are also being studied. A design methodology is Communications being formulated that jointly applies circuit and Fair Scheduling and Admission Control for Shared- algorithmic noise-tolerance techniques to achieve an Channel Wireless Packet Networks overall level of system reliability while minimizing energy. V. Bharghavan,* R. Srikant,* S. Shakkottai, A. Eryilmaz VLSI Architectures for Soft Decoding of National Science Foundation Reed–Solomon Codes Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Koetter, R. Blahut, A. Ahmed CCR-0073490 Fair scheduling of traffic sources in wireless networks is difficult due to bursty channel errors and location- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory dependent channel capacity. In this project, researchers This project investigates high-performance architectures study MAC, scheduling and admission control algorithms for soft decoding of Reed–Solomon codes. Reed–Solomon for indoor and outdoor wireless networks that allocate the codes are commonly employed to enhance the reliability available bandwidth in a fair manner to competing sources. of broadband communications links. Reed–Solomon High-Performance Decoding of Algebraic Codes decoders used in practice today employ hard-decision Beyond their Packing Radii decoding. Soft decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codes R. Blahut,* N. Shanbhag, R. Koetter can provide significant coding gains over hard-decision National Science Foundation, CCR-0073490 decoders. Soft decision decoding algorithms are computationally complex and hard to implement in VLSI. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This research explores algorithmic and architectural The objective of this research is to investigate practical and techniques to design soft decision Reed–Solomon theoretical aspects of interpolation/factorization decoders for high-data rate communication systems. algorithms that were pioneered by M. Sudan for decoding CAD for VLSI Manufacturability and Reliability beyond half the minimum distance of Reed–Solomon, M. D. Wong* Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH), and algebraic National Science Foundation geometry codes. The research has two main thrusts. The first is the characterization of the decoding algorithm and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory its complexity or performance trade-off, together with In nanometer-design technologies, computer-aided design subsequent improvements in the decoding of BCH and software must consider manufacturability and reliability. algebraic geometry codes; these are at the theoretical core In this project, we focus on the development of theories of this proposal. The second main thrust is the development and prototype systems for solving problems in the design of efficient computational architectures for implementing for manufacturability and reliability area. Research topics the algorithms and the demonstration of the feasibility and include lithography-aware design tools, fast reticle practicality of very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) enhancement techniques (OPC, PSM, OAI, and such), and implementation of decoders that will dramatically layout optimization for CMP. outperform the decoding algorithms used in current Routing for High-Performance VLSI Packaging commercial communications and storage systems. M. D. Wong* Codes on Graphs, Factor Graphs, and Iterative IBM Algorithms Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Koetter* National Science Foundation Career Award, CCR In this project, we develop a complete routing system for 99-84515 high-performance circuit boards. The type of high-end boards targeted in this project is generally completed using Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory manual methods because of the complexity or density of The primary focus of this research is the investigation of the design. The goal is to create a system that will either creative new methods for reliable transmission of completely remove the need of manual routing or information in the context of modern error-control significantly reduce the effort of manual routing. Such a techniques. Error-correcting codes are an essential part of system will dramatically reduce the design time for state- modern communication and storage systems and much of of-the-art, high-performance complex boards. today's technology would not be possible without them.
* Denotes principal investigator.
18 This study is focused on graph-based, iterative decoding Robust Inference and Communication: Theory algorithms, which, without doubt, are one of the most Algorithms and Performance Analysis significant coding-theoretic developments of the last S. Meyn,* V. V. Veeravalli, J. Unnikrishnan, D. Huang decade. The goal of the investigator's research is to develop National Science Foundation, CCF 07-29031 a broad, analytical, and constructive approach to research Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and education, unifying graphical models, coding theory, and iterative algorithms. The interplay between codes on This project will facilitate the use of ideas and techniques graphs and other areas, like iterative graph-based from convex optimization, Markov chains, information algorithms, system theory, and network information theory, large deviations, and functional analytic theory, is in the focus of this investigation with the goal of techniques, in order to meet the main objectives of the discovering and utilizing fundamental connections proposed research: design efficient, general purpose between these fields. algorithms for a variety of scientific and engineering tasks; characterize their performance theoretically; and evaluate High-Performance Short Iterative Codes their effectiveness in specific applications. Specific R. Koetter* applications include Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation Motorola, Inc. such as sampling rules; learning algorithms, such as Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory variance reduction and stopping rules; hypothesis testing and robust detection in computational learning; coding for This project aims at developing excellent codes for wireless channels, such as design of power-efficient codes application requiring short- to moderate-length (64 bits to for high transmission rates; and computational <1,000 bits) codes. Traditional coding schemes for these neuroscience, such as statistical inference for neuronal lengths rely typically on algebraic constructions or information processing. convolutional codes. Researchers strive to make the tremendous gains achievable for long blocklengths Adaptive Space-Time Codes for General MIMO (>10,000 bits) by turbo and other iteratively decodable Channels codes available for much shorter code length. V. V. Veeravalli,* C. Lin, V. Raghavan, V. Annapureddy Texas Instruments, UIeRA #2007-04705-00-00 Unwrapping Phase Images: Theory and Applications Using Probabilistic Inference Techniques Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Koetter,* B. Frey, D. Munson This goal of this project is to design adaptive space-time National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 codes for multiantenna multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory channels based on limited feedback from the receivers. A key aspect of the research is the design of schemes that Phase unwrapping in two-dimensional topologies is a exploit information about the spatial correlation in the signal processing problem that has been studied channel. extensively over the past 20 years and has important applications, such as medical imaging and synthetic Communication over Dispersive Wireless Channels: aperture radar. However, despite its importance in science Theory and Methods Based on Physical Principles and engineering, to date, phase unwrapping in two- V. V. Veeravalli,* J. Chen, C. Lin, V. Raghavan, dimensional grids has remained an essentially unsolved V. Annapureddy problem. This research takes a fresh approach to the National Science Foundation, CCF0431088 problem using methods from probabilistic inference. The Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory work not only holds the promise of resulting in powerful phase unwrapping schemes based on the sum-product The research in this project is aimed at exploiting an algorithm and structured variational methods, but also has angular (virtual) representation of multi-input multi-output the potential to provide deep theoretical insight into the ill- (MIMO) wireless channels to design and analyze new posed nature and solvability of the phase unwrapping communication schemes for these channels. The project problem. Such an insight is extremely important for has three broad thrusts: accurate statistical channel guiding the development of practical algorithms. characterization in the spatial, temporal, and spectral dimensions, and reliable estimation of the essential channel parameters in the angular domain; exploitation of virtual channel structure in determining the channel capacity of
* Denotes principal investigator.
19 dispersive wireless channels, and in designing coherent Spatial-Temporal Nonlinear Filtering with and noncoherent coding and modulation schemes; and Applications to Information Assurance and leveraging the virtual representation for efficient sharing Counterterrorism of signal dimensions in time-frequency-space among V. V. Veeravalli,* V. Raghavan, J. Fuemmeler multiple users. DOD Army Research Office FY06 MURI Program on Spatial-Temporal Event Pattern Recognition, Design and Analysis of Sensor Networks for Statistical W911NF-06-1-0094 Inference Applications V. V. Veeravalli,* J. Fuemmeler, S. R. Srinivasan Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Motorola Communications Center, RPS-28 The objective of this project is to develop new statistical Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory methods for spatial-temporal event and pattern recognition with applications to information assurance and counter- This goal of this project is to explore applications of sensor terrorism. Specific problems of interest include quickest networks in the following areas of interest to Motorola: change detection and energy-efficient tracking in early warning and prediction of failures in machines and distributed sensor networks. other large structures; government and enterprise mobility solutions (GEMS) applications such as fire-fighting and rescue operations; industrial process monitoring; and Computer Engineering industrial work in progress (WIP) tracking for assembly lines. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Utilizing Multirate and Power-Save Capabilities New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality and N. Vaidya* Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems [email protected] V. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, National Science Foundation, ANI 01-25859 N. Wang National Science Foundation, Faculty Early Career Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Development, Presidential Early Career Award for Wireless communication technology has gained Scientists and Engineers, CCR-0049089 widespread acceptance in recent years. Wireless local area Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory networks have come into greater use, with the advent of the IEEE 802.11 standard and availability of several The research in this project is directed toward the commercial products based on this standard. An ad hoc development of future generation multimedia wireless network can be formed by wireless, potentially mobile communication systems. Specifically, the research spans hosts, without requiring the use of any fixed infrastructure, the following four areas: wireless channel modeling and such as base stations. Such networks have many analysis; information theory for wireless systems; wireless applications, including home networking, personal area CDMA systems; and dynamic radio resource management. networking, sensor networking, search-and-rescue New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality and missions in remote areas, and other civilian as well as Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems military operations. Modern wireless devices are often V. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, J. Chen, designed with the capability to transmit at different bit rates C. Lin, J. Fuemmeler, J. Unnikrishnan using different modulation schemes and to operate in a National Science Foundation, Faculty Early Career power-save mode to conserve energy. While such wireless Development, Presidential Early Career Award for devices can be built, there is not adequate research on Scientists and Engineers, CCF0049089 performance of ad hoc networks utilizing such devices. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project will, therefore, attempt to answer two broad questions: How do we design wireless medium access The research in this project is directed toward the control (MAC) protocols that exploit multirate and power- development of future generation multimedia wireless save capabilities in ad hoc networks? While there has been communication systems. Specifically, the research spans some work on such protocols, this project is expected to the following five areas: wireless channel modeling and develop new techniques to utilize multirate and power- analysis; information theory for wireless systems; wireless save capabilities. What is the impact of multirate and CDMA systems; dynamic radio resource management, and power-save capabilities on performance on network layer sensor networks. and transport layer? The project will study the interaction
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20 between wireless device capabilities and upper layer environments, development of channel models suitable for performance, and develop mechanisms to improve simulation-based evaluation of WPs, and evaluation of performance of the various layers. techniques for scaling the physical environment to facilitate realistic wireless experiments. The WWT Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks addresses some of the limitations based on computer N. Vaidya* evaluations resulting from the present insufficient [email protected] understanding of channel and system models for wireless National Science Foundation, ANI 01-96410 networks. These are not well understood and brute force Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory accurate simulation of the wireless environment are at Mobile ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks, present too complex. Existing hardware testbeds suffer with dynamically changing network topology. In this from one or both of the following shortcomings: project, we investigate several protocol design issues experiments often cannot be repeated due to interference corresponding to routing, medium-access control, and by other wireless devices operating in the same frequency transport layers in mobile ad hoc networks. The focus is on range, and the parameters of the experiment (such as the performance issues related to individual layers as well as mobility patterns of the mobiles and scatterers in the interlayer interactions. environment) are not fully controllable. This work impacts the education mission, including coursework, laboratories, TCP-Unaware Approaches to Improve Performance of and student projects. The testbed will serve as a TCP Over Wireless Links demonstration tool. New educational opportunities will N. Vaidya* open involving experimental research providing better [email protected] training and motivation. Facilities will be made available National Science Foundation, ANI-01-96413 to a larger pool of researchers. Additional impact is Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory expected on communications systems in practice. The focus of this project is on TCP-unaware techniques to improve TCP performance over paths that include wireless Decision and Control links. The path from a TCP sender to a TCP receiver usually includes several intermediate nodes that may drop Dynamic Team and Game Theory for Congestion TCP packets if congestion occurs. TCP makes the implicit Control in High-Speed Networks assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion. T. Basar,* R. Srikant,* D. Wiedenheft Since wireless links are prone to transmission errors, this National Science Foundation, ANI 98-13710 assumption is not accurate for TCP over wireless links. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Nevertheless, TCP reduces its congestion window when packet losses due to transmission errors occur. This This project is related to NSF 98-13710, and involves phenomenon is known to result in poor throughput for TCP research for undergraduate students on various aspects of over wireless links. This project investigates TCP-unaware communication networks, particularly in the area of mechanisms to avoid such TCP performance degradation. congestion control. Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for Experimental Objective-Oriented Model Heterogeneous Sensor Evaluation of Wireless Networks Networks for Coordinated Control N. H. Vaidya,* J. T. Bernhard, V. V. Veeravalli, T. Basar,* T. Alpcan, C. Tang, S. Yuksel R. K. Iyer, P. R. Kumar National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25481 [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, 04-23431 This is a multi-university research effort that focuses on a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory comprehensive study of large, mobile ad-hoc This project, evaluating protocols for wireless networks reconfigurable networks for coordinated control. It draws and developing scaling techniques for physical on elements from coordinated control, dynamic state environments, aims at deploying an anechoic chamber for estimation, ad-hoc network management, resource interference control, forming a testbed, referred to as the assignment, and fault tolerance. Its aim is to provide a wireless wind tunnel (WWT). The uses of the testbed focus formalism in which the methods of sensor networking may on: evaluation of wireless protocols (WP) in controlled be integrated as part of a systematic design process focused
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21 on achieving a specific control objective. Particular topics Designs of Robust Encoded Dynamic Systems of study at the present are robust H-infinity and risk- C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos sensitive control and filtering in a receding horizon [email protected] framework, performance-and utility-driven resource Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DoD URI Award allocation in networks, and control over networks using F49620-01-1-0365URI decentralized and distributed sensor information. This work analyzes the effects of roundoff noise on our Smart Icing Systems ability to nonconcurrently detect and identify transient T. Basar,* W. R. Perkins,* P. Voulgaris,* J. Melody, faults that corrupt state variables during the operation of a V. Sharma fault-tolerant discrete-time LTI dynamic system. The NASA Glenn Research Center, NAG3-2135 analysis provides insights that allow us to evaluate the performance of established decoding algorithms using Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory analytical techniques. It also leads to explicit bounds on the This part of the larger interdisciplinary/interdepartmental precision needed in order to guarantee the correct research program addresses the identification and control identification of the number of faults that have affected the research required to develop a smart icing system for system. aircraft. A smart icing system would sense the effect of ice Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, and accretion on the aircraft performance and handling Threats in Distributed Systems and Networks qualities and provide information to the flight crew, C. N. Hadjicostis,* Y. Ru operate ice protection systems, provide envelope [email protected] protection, and possibly adapt the flight controls. The National Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR research conducted here involves in-flight parameter identification of aircraft flight dynamics utilizing This project addresses the problem of state estimation in excitation generated by only natural (and not forced) discrete event systems (DES) that are modeled by labeled maneuvers of the aircraft and turbulence. Subsequently, Petri nets that may have both nondeterministic transitions this information would be fed (along with other sensor- (i.e., transitions that share the same label) and based data) into an appropriate neural network that would, unobservable transitions (i.e., transitions that are in turn, lead to an accurate detection of the level of severity associated with the empty label). These techniques are of ice accretion on the flight surfaces of the aircraft. The promising because they show that one can compute the set ultimate goal of this effort is to provide both the pilot and of consistent markings with complexity that is at most the autopilot with needed information to improve the safety polynomial in the length of the observed label sequence. of aircraft operating in icing conditions. Enabling Diagnosis of Faults and Misbehavior in Architectures for Secure and Robust Distributed Heterogeneous Networked Systems via Structured Infrastructures Redundancy C. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos C. N. Hadjicostis,* T. Le [email protected] [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department Boeing Corporation of Defense, URI Award F49620-01-1-0365URI This project aims to evaluate how the use of redundant (subcontracted from Stanford University) sensors, actuators or, more generally, redundant Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory information can enable efficient and gracefully degradable diagnosis algorithms for large networked systems. Instead Within the context of a much larger project, this work of focusing on how diagnosis can be performed for a given focuses on addressing the challenges that arise in regards system or network, this project is interested in finding out to distributed or hierarchical coordination, fault tolerance, how small modifications in the system structure (e.g., safety, and scalability in emerging dynamic systems and sensor or actuator allocation) or the communication links networks. The initial goal of this project has been to and protocols can result in more efficient and robust develop distributed estimation algorithms that can be used diagnosis algorithms. in network monitoring.
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22 Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designs Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: through Error Control and Noise Tolerance Fault Tolerance Considerations Techniques C. N. Hadjicostis,* L. Li C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The main goal of this research project is to develop a This project is developing a framework for fault-tolerant comprehensive framework for dynamical state estimation, convolution using a polynomial residue number system fault detection, and fault accommodation in energy with non-coprime moduli. These techniques are promising processing systems. This includes terrestrial and in terms of the simplicity of the corresponding error autonomous power systems, as well as electric drives and detecting and correcting mechanisms. We are specifically power electronic systems, as found in civilian and military investigating how these techniques, together with sectors. In particular, this project aims at making nonconcurrent error detection and correction techniques, connections with traditional fault tolerance techniques by can offer advantages in terms of hardware and time developing distributed monitoring/correcting schemes and complexity. by explicitly accounting for the system dynamics before overcoming faults that affect the functionality of the Error Control in Switched Linear Controllers system. C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram [email protected] Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR Effect of Packet Drops in Networked Control Systems C. N. Hadjicostis,* H. Mo Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] This project develops protection schemes for linear time- National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES invariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems. Tolerance This research project deals with issues arising in against internal controller faults is achieved via controlling and monitoring real-time systems over embeddings that preserve the state evolution of the original heterogeneous communication networks. The project aims controller in some encoded form, but enable error detection at studying the performance of variants of state feedback and correction through nonconcurrent (e.g. periodic) control schemes in a network setup where packets can be checks. lost or delayed due to deteriorating network performance. Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: In particular, the project studies the tradeoffs that arise Economic and Environmental Considerations between system instability, noise level, link delay, and C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Deltas* packet dropping probability. [email protected] Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES State Estimation in Switched Linear Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory C. N. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram The goal of the proposed research project is to develop a [email protected] comprehensive framework for studying reliability and National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES sustainable operation of energy processing systems in This project develops observer methodologies for switched regulated economic markets. The successful completion of linear systems that are driven by unknown inputs. The this project can have potentially significant implications in methodologies are based on using (possibly delayed) characterizing and evaluating the economic and outputs, and knowledge of the switching sequence and the environmental consequences of reliable designs for future system dynamics in order to decouple the unknown inputs commercial power generation and distribution systems. from the observer error.
* Denotes principal investigator.
23 An Integrated Approach to Fault Tolerance in Designing Reliable and Secure Tactical MANETS Discrete-Time Dynamic Systems P. R. Kumar* C. Hadjicostis,* E. Athanasopoulou U. S. Army Research Office [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, ECS 00-92696 CAREER The goal is to develop algorithms for secure wireless Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory networks. This project develops systematic approaches for modeling, Efficient Resource Management for Controlled detecting, identifying, and correcting faults in order to Mobility Wireless Networks ensure the proper functionality of discrete-time dynamic P. R. Kumar* systems or networks. The project takes a system-theoretic National Science Foundation viewpoint and aims to characterize the fundamental limitations of fault-tolerant designs by jointly exploiting Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory system-, coding-, and information-theoretic techniques. This project addresses the design, development and A Robust Control Approach to Digital operation of networks that are mobile. Communications Supporting Temporal Coordination in Wirelessly C. Hadjicostis,* P. Voulgaris,* R. Touri Networked Control Systems: Fundamental Theory, [email protected] Algorithms, and Experimentation National Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR P. R. Kumar* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation This project develops a deterministic worst-case Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory framework for reconstruction of discrete (source) data This project addresses how to achieve temporal transmissions through dispersive communication coordination over wirelessly networked control systems of channels. This framework can be explored based on robust sensors, actuators, and computational nodes. control ideas and formulations and serves as a complement to existing approaches that reconstruct data by optimizing Toward Building a Performance Predictable Wireless probabilistic criteria. Mesh Network P. R. Kumar* Adaptive Optimized Cross-Layer Protocols National Science Foundation P. R. Kumar* Rockwell-Collins Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The goal is to study how to build wireless mesh networks. The goal is to research, model, and simulate power control Towards a Theory of In-Network Computation for protocols for wireless networks. Surveillance and Monitoring in Wireless Sensor Networks Channel Aware Distributed Scheduling for Optimal P. R. Kumar* Throughput and Latency: A Unified PHY/MAC National Science Foundation Approach P. R. Kumar* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation This project addresses the development of a theoretical Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory foundation for sensor networks. The goal of this project is to build a theoretical foundation for channel aware distributed scheduling in wireless ad- hoc networks.
* Denotes principal investigator.
24 Scalable Multilayer Control of Joint Battlespace regulators. The closed-loop system is then called hybrid Networks because it combines continuous and discrete dynamics. We P. R. Kumar* study several situations in which such a control paradigm U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, is natural and helps overcome various shortcomings of F49620-02-1-0217 more traditional control methodologies. The primary focus of this research is on systematic development of tools for Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory hybrid control design, applicable to general and useful This project addresses issues relating to communication classes of nonlinear dynamical systems. networks, both wireless radio and free-space optical. Multiple View Geometry Verification of Probabilistic Hybrid Systems: Stability Y. Ma* and Beyond University of Illinois D. M. Liberzon* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, CNS-0614993 The goal of this project is to unify the study of geometry In collaboration with MIT; Conducted in the Coordinated of multiple images into a simple and clean mathematical Science Laboratory framework where efficient algorithms and systems can be This collaborative project studies dynamical systems developed for applications in computer vision, robot characterized by a combination of hybrid and probabilistic vision, computer graphics, cognitive science, and so forth. behavior. Hybrid behavior is characterized by discrete Adaptive Methods for Heterogeneous Wireless switching between system modes and continuous Services evolution within a mode. Such systems frequently arise in S. Meyn,* M. Medard, J. Huang a wide range of applications, from power electronics and National Science Foundation, NSF CCR 99-79381, NSF communication networks to economics and biology. In this ITR 00-85929 research, a new modeling framework for such systems is developed, which supports external variables, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory compositional reasoning, and nondeterministic as well as With communication and computing systems becoming probabilistic transitions. New stability criteria for such increasingly pervasive, future systems will require the probabilistic hybrid systems are obtained. In contrast with ability to accommodate, in real time, wireless services to existing results, they are formulated in terms of two support a variety of applications ranging from traditional independent components: a family of Lyapunov functions voice and paging services to nomadic computing (one for each continuous mode) and a slow-switching applications. Different services such as voice, or data, may condition of an average-dwell-time type. This modularity have vastly different requirements in terms of burstiness, has the benefit of decoupling the search for Lyapunov or rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements. We functions from the verification of the desired properties of consider coding, routing, and traffic rate mechanisms to the discrete dynamics. The latter task is the focus of the provide smooth heterogeneous services to a variety of users project, and is treated using two complementary methods: via wireless access to a network. one based on proving an invariant property, and another based on solving an optimization problem. These Control Techniques for Complex Networks theoretical results are supported by development of new S. Meyn* software tools. [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECE-02-17836 Hybrid Control of Nonlinear Systems D. Liberzon* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] In many application areas and in many scientific National Science Foundation, ECS-0134115 disciplines, one seeks methods for managing complexity Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of man-made or real-world systems. Famous application areas include network management in production systems The research and educational development plan proposed and wireless networks; analysis of the stability of candidate here is aimed at designing hybrid control algorithms. In this pharmaceutical compounds; and the relationship between framework, a continuous-time process is controlled by chromosomal and protein structure. This project concerns means of logic-based switching among a family of several interrelated approaches to managing complexity in
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25 large interconnected systems. Specific application areas Passivity-Based Control in Bipedal Locomotion addressed in the proposal include phase transitions in M. W. Spong,* J. Holm, D. Herring, J.-S. Moon, molecular models and resource allocation in large network A. Block, T. Filipiak models. National Science Foundation Grant 0510119 Large-Scale Simulation of Manufacturing and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Communication Systems The project explores bipedal locomotion in the context of S. Meyn,* S. Henderson (Cornell University) passivity based hybrid nonlinear control. We are National Science Foundation, DMI-0085165 investigating speed regulation, the use of alternate Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory potential functions to increase the basins of attraction of stable limit cycles, the effect of control saturation and In the past decade, we have seen astonishing growth in both underactuation in passivity based control, and the the theory and application of queuing networks. Industry efficiency of passivity based control methods compared to is driving research in communication and data networks, true energy optimal control. The goal is to help solidify the computer systems, and manufacturing systems. foundations of the field through analysis, development of Semiconductor manufacturing plants and the Internet are new concepts, and the design of provably correct control two infamous examples of networks of almost algorithms. unimaginable complexity. A powerful need exists for methods for deriving and evaluating operational policies Telemanipulation in Multi-Robot Networks that may be used to effectively drive these systems. This M. W. Spong,* D.-J. Lee, N. Chopra, P. Hokayem, project sets out to develop methods for control synthesis S. Mastellone, K. Kunal, O. Martinez-Palafox, and evaluation for truly complex networks. E. Rodriguez-Seda Office of Naval Research, Grant N00014-05-1-0186 Visualization and Optimization Techniques for Analysis and Design of Complex Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory S. Meyn* In this project, we are addressing fundamental issues in National Science Foundation, ECS-0228251 communication, coordination, and teleoperated control of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory multiple agents in coordinated manipulation tasks. While multiagent coordination and control problems such as This project concerns several interrelated approaches to swarming, flocking, and rendezvous have been studied by managing complexity in large interconnected systems. The several researchers, much less work has gone into the focus of this project is resource allocation in large network teleoperated control of multirobot networks, especially models. A related project concerns phase transitions in when the multirobot network is expected to engage in tasks molecular models. This research will provide new design involving both manipulation and motion coordination. methodologies and efficient approaches to simulation and Manipulation tasks require haptic and force feedback that online tuning of control algorithms. introduce significant stability and transparency problems An Integrated Exploration of Wireless Network with respect to communication delay, packet loss, and Communication other communication effects. S. Meyn* U.S.-France Cooperative Research: Passivity Based [email protected] Control of Networked Control Systems National Science Foundation, ITR-00-85929 M. W. Spong,* R. Ortega (CNRS, France) Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation Grant 0128656 This research studies the design of agile wireless networks Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory that accommodate time variations in the communication This award supports U.S.-France collaboration in control channels, the information sources, and the network systems between Mark W. Spong of the University of topology. The research will lead to design principles that, Illinois and Romeo Ortega of the Signal and Systems in addition to enabling more efficient use of the current Laboratory at SUPELEC, a French center for research in cellular and PCS bands, will allow exploitation of electrical engineering. The objective is to investigate frequency bands in the 10-100 GHz range to provide high- passive nonlinear control of networked control systems, in speed multimedia services for both indoor and outdoor particular, systems involving bilateral remote operation applications.
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26 (teleoperation) over unreliable communication networks. parallel algorithms that allow arbitrary speedup while The problem is motivated by interest in wireless maintaining the same compression quality. communication in imbedded real time control systems and Fast Algorithms for 3-D Cone-Beam Tomography the use of the Internet as a communication medium in Y. Bresler,* J. Brokish, A. George teleoperated and networked control systems. [email protected] Reliable and Robust Control of Formations of National Science Foundation, CCR-0209203 Unmanned Vehicles Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory D. Stipanovic,* M. W. Spong,* P. Hokayem, C. Burns, J. Mejia In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by an The Boeing Company area detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling on one of several possible trajectories. It is already used in Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory current PET and SPECT scanners and in nondestructive This project is to develop reliable and robust control evaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and it will be the basis architectures for networks of autonomous aerial and for the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners. This will ground vehicles. The aim is to develop control laws that allow use of CT as a dynamic imaging modality for cardiac have low sensitivity to noisy and lossy data communication imaging, or for real-time surgical guidance in medicine, or among vehicles, that are scalable in terms of number of as a high-throughput NDE system in manufacturing, or as vehicles, and that have the ability to handle discrete a high-accuracy security baggage scanner in airports. transitions in the network, such as formation Unfortunately, the high computational cost of current reconfiguration, addition or loss of vehicles from the cone-beam reconstruction algorithms constitutes a major formation, and so forth. Applications of this work include barrier to their applications. We are developing new image undersea and planetary exploration, search and rescue, air reconstruction techniques that require only computations traffic control, and control of sensor networks. Both for an image. These techniques can be 100 times faster than theoretical and experimental issues are being investigated. current methods for typical images and promise to overcome the computational bottleneck in 3-D cone-beam Digital Signal and Imaging Processing CT, helping to make it a feasible and commercially viable technology for wide use. Efficient Algorithms for Lossless Data and Image Fast Algorithms for Tomography Compression Y. Bresler,* S. Basu, F. Charpentier, J. Brokish, Y. Bresler,* D. Baron A. George National Science Foundation, CCR-0122293 National Science Foundation, CCR-9972980 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In spite of the focus in recent years on lossy compression Computerized Tomography (CT) is the principle of audio, images, and video, lossless data compression underlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalities remains crucial in applications such as text files, and many other imaging techniques, including synthetic facsimiles, software executables, and medical imaging. aperture radar. We are developing new image Universal source coding algorithms, which deal with reconstruction techniques that require only computations sources whose statistics are unknown, are of particular for an image, as compared to computations for the current importance. The main goal of this research is to develop method of choice, the filtered backprojection (FBP). These algorithms featuring fast computation and low memory techniques are orders of magnitude faster than FBP for use, while providing compression quality near the typical images and promise to overcome the computational fundamental theoretical bounds. The resulting algorithms bottleneck created by new imaging technologies that will have linear complexity and will be better than any acquire large quantities of data in real time. Similar current algorithm with comparable asymptotic developments are pursued for iterative and for 3-D compression performance, in terms of computation and/or reconstruction. memory use. Some versions of these algorithms will also have simple structure, admitting fast hardware implementations. A special focus of this research is also on
* Denotes principal investigator.
27 Minimum-Redundancy Spatiotemporal MRI Brain Image Segmentation by Integrated Multiscale Y. Bresler,* Z. P. Liang,* N. Aggarwal Analysis and Shape Deformation National Science Foundation, BES-0201876 Z. P. Liang,* S. Wang NEC Research Lab; University of Illinois Research Board Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Since its inception in the early 1970s, magnetic resonance and Technology imaging (MRI) has become a premier diagnostic imaging tool. Although its early applications were largely limited Brain image segmentation is an important and challenging to stationary objects, MRI has also proven extremely useful engineering problem confronting brain mapping. By in recent years for dynamic imaging applications, such as accurately segmenting gray-scale brain images into cardiac, functional, or interventional imaging. An various brain structures, we will be able to effectively important challenge confronting dynamic MRI (D-MRI) is visualize three-dimensional brain structures and carry out to obtain both high spatial and high temporal resolution, meaningful neuromorphometric studies. The long-term with three dimensional imaging capability. The goal of this goal of this project is to develop and implement a unified research is to develop, implement, and test rigorously a processing software platform to effectively support various new unified theoretical framework for minimum- information processing tasks in neuroimaging or brain redundancy D-MRI data acquisition and image mapping. The specific aim of the project is to capitalize on reconstruction. In this framework, dynamic imaging is our recent, novel work on graph-based multiscale image treated as a higher-dimensional image reconstruction analysis and shape deformation to produce an efficient, problem, with time being an independent axis. Instead of accurate, and reliable algorithm for identifying brain attempting to freeze all motion by sufficiently fast structures from MR images. We expect to accomplish three acquisition, time variation during acquisition is explicitly specific tasks during the project period: complete the accounted for in the steps of MRI sequence design, data development of a novel graph-theoretic algorithm for acquisition, and image reconstruction. The approach draws multiscale analysis of MR brain images; further develop, on and extends theories and algorithms introduced by the perfect, and validate a topology-preserving shape researchers over the past few years and offers the potential deformation algorithm so that prior shape information of for significant speedups of the imaging process. brain structures can be incorporated into the image Furthermore, combination of the theory and techniques segmentation process effectively; and integrate multiscale developed in this project with fast-scan methods and with analysis with shape deformation for accurate segmentation methods based on phased-array RF coils will produce of brain images and develop a prototype software system combined speedups, greater than any one of the individual to facilitate the application of the developed algorithms for approaches. practical applications in brain mapping. Unwrapping Phase Images Model-Based Tomographic Imaging Methods R. Koetter,* D. C. Munson,* Z. P. Liang* Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji, Y. Bresler* National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 National Institutes of Health, R21 HL62336 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The primary goal of the project is to develop optimal The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging is algorithms for the long-standing problem of unwrapping conventionally rooted in the well-established Fourier or phase images from various imaging modalities such as radon transform theories, so that image quality is mainly SAR and MRI. Probabilistic inference algorithms will be dependent on how the data space is sampled. In practice, developed and tested using SAR and MRI as testbeds. Prof. physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficient Liang is responsible for phase unwrapping of MRI data. coverage of the data space, resulting in various image artifacts, such as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation, and various motion effects. This project is aimed at overcoming these problems by developing new model- based imaging techniques that can incorporate a priori information into the imaging process effectively. Application of these techniques to cardiac imaging and functional brain mapping is also addressed.
* Denotes principal investigator.
28 Multisensor Information Fusion combined with simulation techniques to predict the Z. P. Liang, H. Pan, K.-Y. Cheng* transient and steady state response of these components. [email protected] The goal is to reduce the design cycle from several years Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, to one week in the successful implementation of these MDA972-00-1-0020 MEMS structures. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Design and Fabrication of MEMS Probe Station J. Schutt-Ainé,* C. Liu, D. Lambalot This project is a component of research conducted in the University of Illinois Research Board Center for Bio-Optoelectronic Sensor Systems (BOSS). The primary mission of this center is to develop sensor and Recent advances in microelectronics have led to processing technology for detection of biochemical agents considerable reduction in size of components in integrated in battlefield situations. Prof. Liang is responsible for circuits (ICs). Typical VLSI circuits have dimensions in developing statistical algorithms for multisensor the submicron range and feature size that can be as low as information fusion. 0.25 microns. This reduction is a result of several requirements for higher density and shorter Statistical Image Reconstruction interconnection delays. Future state-of-the-art Z. P. Liang,* C. Potter, B. Carragher microprocessors will accommodate more than a million National Institutes of Health, RO1 GM61939 transistors in an area of a few hundred squared millimeters. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Along with these trends, several issues related to signal and Technology integrity and testing have moved to the forefront. With The primary goal of the project is to develop practical submicron dimensions, interconnect resistance has image reconstruction methods for high-resolution imaging become a major bottleneck in circuit performance, leading from electron microscopy data, particularly in the presence to signal degradation and delays. In addition, measurement of uncertainties in data acquisition parameters (a projection and testing in submicron geometries, which allows for angle for example). We formulate the problem as a determining the performance of the structure, is a statistical parameter estimation problem by introducing a challenging task. Nowadays, the methods employed proper model for the object (for instance, a virus) to be consist of fabricating special-purpose test vehicles for imaged. This research effort promises to provide a brand- evaluation, which often require expensive mask processes new solution to the long-standing problem in electron and complex de-embedding schemes. This investigation microscopy. proposes to implement a nondestructive testing methodology for submicron integrated circuits using the recent advances in microelectromechanical systems Electromagnetic Communication and (MEMS). More specifically, we intend to fabricate and test a microprobe structure that will permit the high-frequency Electronics Packaging characterization of submicron interconnects and devices in integrated circuits. CAD Tools for Communications Microsystems J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Lambalot, L. Jiang Development and Modeling of Flip Chip and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AF Interconnect Package Technology for Ka and W Band ECE0849 J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu National Science Foundation, E-21-N50-G5 Recent developments in the area of wireless communication systems and microelectromechanical In collaboration with the National Science Foundation systems (MEMS) have enabled the networking of Package Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology distributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is now The electrical performance of mixed-signal integrated possible to integrate monolithic microwave integrated circuits strongly depends on the electromagnetic behavior circuit (MMIC) front-end modules with MEMS of the components within the system. Future wireless and components such as antennas, switches, and filters. Our personal communication links will be strongly influenced objective is to supply the necessary CAD tools to improve by these considerations. Currently, millimeter-wave first-pass success and reduce design iterations for such monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development systems. In particular, electromagnetic techniques are used in the 24-94 GHz range. In recent years, power distribution to model various MEMS switch structures. These are and parasitic noise control have become critical issues in
* Denotes principal investigator.
29 the design of these MMICs. Nowadays, with increased of various computational models in inverse scattering, frequencies, interconnect schemes, layout, and power wave propagation, interconnects, and optoelectronics. distribution have become mainstream design issues. It is Most of the emphasis will be on the higher frequency range now recognized in the CAD community that where measurement information is nonexistent. In recent electromagnetic effects will generally take place at the years, computational electromagnetics has received forefront and will represent the critical limiting factor of growing interest due to the availability of fast computers MMICs performance. The collaborative effort between and the recent development of fast algorithms. Models that Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of allow the prediction of the most complex problems in Illinois focuses on developing the technology support for scattering and wave propagation have been implemented. the implementation of low-cost packaging solutions for Unfortunately, the experimental verification of these MMICs. This is to be achieved by harnessing the modeling, models is seriously lagging, especially at higher simulation, design, fabrication, and measurement frequencies where measurement accuracy and infrastructure built over the past decade at these two repeatability are more difficult to achieve. This project will institutions. allow us to determine the frequency range of validity of the computational models and generate useful information for Hardware Acceleration of Newton Solver high-frequency operation of radiating, optoelectronics, and J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Das Gupta, D. Prasanna, R. Gao, waveguiding systems. Y. Mekonnen Demaco/SAIC High-Performance Computing for the Electromagnetic Modeling of Interconnects and Packages In this project, we plan to demonstrate the effectiveness of J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Prasanna, R. Gao implementing a Newton solver in hardware on a PCI bus Demaco/SAIC card. The effort focuses on the use of the TI-TMS320C family of digital signal processor for the implementation The electromagnetic modeling of packages and of the solver. The implementation of fast Newton solver is interconnects plays a very important role in the design of to be first realized and tested before being implemented high-speed digital circuits and is most efficiently into a digital signal processor. We plan to provide performed by using computer-aided design algorithms. In documentation and interface requirements to allow users the past two decades, researchers in the electromagnetic to install the hardware card and utilize it from programs. and microwave areas have worked to extend the knowledge of interconnection properties. Their efforts have resulted High-Frequency Measurements and Validation of in models and analytical methods without which the Electromagnetic Models in Scattering, Interconnects, development of reliable design tools would be impossible. and Optoelectronics Packaging and interconnects nowadays represent a critical J. Schutt-Ainé* area for the design of high-performance digital systems. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF JS 1660 State-of the-art computational electromagnetic techniques There is tremendous demand for increased capacity in necessitate large processing power and memory high-speed communication networks and novel requirements. As the speed of high performance digital applications in optical control of antenna phased arrays. circuits increases, the full-wave characteristics of With clock rates in the GHz range, interconnect interconnects becomes important. The feasibility of using considerations and electromagnetic phenomena have the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for moved to the forefront in the design of high-speed interconnect parameter extraction had been demonstrated computers. Microwave modulation of optoelectronic earlier. The main advantage of the FDTD technique is its devices, such as semiconductor lasers and modulators, ability to model complicated structures and to account for plays an important role in determining the high-speed the frequency dependence of the parameters. However, the performance of these devices. Continuing development of computational efficiency and memory requirements high-speed optical communication systems is contingent seriously limit the practicality of FDTD, especially for upon advances in high-speed sources and wavelength three-dimensional problems. Recent advances in conversion devices. While numerous theoretical models distributed and parallel computing require one to address have been developed to predict ways to improve these the hardware-dependent aspects of these computational devices, much experimental work remains in order to issues. The Orion Project takes advantage of the verify these models and characterize devices based on new availability of low-cost PC components. Presently, mini- designs. This project proposes the experimental validation supercomputers can be built at a moderate cost by using
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30 fast communication networks. Moreover, the availability Measurement and Test of Components for Optical of software libraries for distributed computing, such as the Communication Applications parallel virtual machine (PVM) and the message passing J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Angert, Z. Deng interface (MPI), have rendered the software development Xindium Technologies, Inc. within these environments easier. High-speed optical communication systems are presently Low-Cost Fully Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits for improving in speed in response to ever-increasing Wireless Applications bandwidth requirements of users. Demand for high-speed J. Schutt-Ainé* digital access will dramatically increase in the future, National Science Foundation, ECS-9979292 leading to many opportunities in this area. In order to economically meet the needs of future high bit rate The performance of radio frequency (RF) integrated systems, significant changes to component and system circuits will strongly influence the versatility and architectures will be required. Current commercial systems portability of future wireless communication systems. operating at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48) data rates are implemented With the ever-increasing demands for higher bandwidth at present using discrete InGaAs photodetectors and capacity as well as reductions in size, weight, and cost, wirebonded to electronic integrated circuits for signal the need for more robust and efficient RF circuits is processing. At bit rates of up to 2.5 Gb/s, an InGaAs expected to increase. Currently, millimeter-wave photodetector or APD is coupled to sophisticated Si-based monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development electronics with high levels of functional integration to in the 24-94 GHz range and will represent the platform for realize photoreceiver modules that incorporate logic the RF components of most wireless systems. With the thresholding, clock and data timing recovery, and recent advent of microelectromechanical systems demultiplexing functions in a single package. Advanced (MEMS), new potentials are being discovered for signal processing, including coding and decoding for error applications in the RF/millimeter wave ranges. In order to correction is also implemented in the transceiver circuitry. implement RFICs for future wireless communication The objective of this project is the measurement of high- systems, several fundamental issues must be resolved. speed components to 50 GHz. The measurements are First, a design methodology must be devised and tested. performed in the Electromagnetics Laboratory, where Next, a low-cost solution for the integration of MEMS high-frequency and high-speed testing instruments are technology into existing MMIC processes must be available. developed as well as a reliable packaging scheme. Finally, a robust platform of design guidelines, tools, and Modeling and Simulation of Embedded Transmission characterization techniques must be made available to Line Structures ensure reliable implementation of these communication J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu systems. More specifically, the effort will focus on these Raytheon Systems tasks: developing a computer-aided design environment Embedded transmission line (ETL) structures have for the robust implementation of MMICs and MEMS as become very commonplace in many high-frequency and well as the generation of reliable design guidelines; high-speed electronic systems; however, the analysis and implementing a robust MEMS process for the fabrication design tools needed for their design are not readily of switches, filters, and tunable capacitors; integration of available. The objective of this effort is the modeling, MEMS components into a reliable and well-established extraction, and simulation of three-dimensional complex MMIC process; devising a low-cost and reliable packaging interconnect structures embedded in multilayer structures. solution for RFICs. Executions of these tasks will make use The focus of the work will be on the development of of the existing infrastructure and expertise of the principal software tools that facilitate and automate the designer's investigators in the related areas. These will define several task. The tools will be based on recently developed design-build-test cycles that will be optimized through electromagnetic parameter extraction techniques to several iterations during the course of the project. Special determine the electrical parasitic capacitance and attention will be devoted to demonstrating the feasibility inductance coefficients of these structures. These of these various tasks. Moreover, a testbed prototype will parameters can next be used with efficient simulation be implemented to validate the proposed flow and assess algorithms to predict the signal response of ETL structures the hardware advantages of the designed RFICs. and provide information about noise immunity and high- speed performance. This will permit the generation of
* Denotes principal investigator.
31 reliable design guidelines as well as a significant reduction in the time to market. Electromagnetics National Course in Signal Integrity Antennas for Wireless Sensors J. Schutt-Ainé* J. T. Bernhard* IEEE CPMT; National Science Foundation [email protected] Signal integrity has become a critical area in the design of U.S. Office of Naval Research through the NCASSR high-speed communications systems and fast computers. Program/NCSA Many research areas have emerged from industry and The emergence of wireless sensor systems promises to universities to address issues related to electrical change the way we control our environments, make performance. However, the educational infrastructure is decisions, and promote health and safety. While numerous seriously lagging. The goal of the National Course in research projects on wireless sensors exist, very few Signal Integrity project (http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu) project address the critical technology of antennas that enable is to establish a web-based educational platform that will wireless communication. Several projects in this area provide the education necessary for aggressive packaging propose to use standard off-the-shelf antennas, but this schemes in the area of signal integrity. This is achieved by choice often limits the capabilities of the system by providing a better understanding of electromagnetics ignoring the unique requirements and environment of the problems and through the use of modeling and simulation application. In this project, we are developing both a tools. With the emergence of visualization tools and online general methodology for the development of antennas for simulation packages, access to both qualitative and wireless sensor systems as well as several designs for quantitative answers is immediate. In addition to the specific applications. standard components of web-based courses, we have Electromagnetic Study of Integrated Hearing Aid focused our attention on two major components. In the first Antennas part of the project, a Movie Creator was implemented to J. T. Bernhard* allow the incorporation of taped lectures into a website [email protected] with synchronization between the audio and video Phonak Communications components. In the second part of the project, an efficient Perl/Java interface was created that permits the execution Coordinated signal processing between hearing aids allows of signal integrity modeling and simulation CAD tools in hearing-impaired individuals to focus on conversations the web server. The study of signal integrity issues is without having to listen to background noise. A wired strongly dependent on the ability to simulate and model connection between the hearing aids and a central signal propagation. This task seeks to supply circuit processing unit makes the system more obtrusive than modeling and simulation capabilities using state-of-the-art traditional hearing aids. This research project clarifies and techniques and analysis tools that were previously predicts performance with both in-the-ear and behind-the- developed. A combination of visualization tools and the ear hearing aid antennas. ability to perform online simulations can provide students Intelligent Portable Antenna Systems for High-Speed with immediate access to both qualitative and quantitative Wireless Communication answers. Using our newly developed tool, simulation J. T. Bernhard* results can be displayed and examined in a web browser [email protected] shortly after execution. This unique feature of executing National Science Foundation CAREER Award, ECS CAD software via the Web will be a major asset in learning 99-83460 environment. High-speed wireless data communication faces two challenges: high error rates caused by interference and unpredictable environments, and limited functionality and battery life at the portable unit. "Intelligent" or "smart" antenna systems that respond to changing operating conditions can help meet these challenges. This research develops intelligent portable antenna systems to improve the reliability, throughput, and noise immunity of high- speed wireless communication networks. Specifically, this
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32 project implements new compact radiation-tunable and small arrays for forward inter-satellite communication antennas with a performance-driven fuzzy controller. This as well as tracking of multiple mobile surface-based units. novel approach views portable antennas as dynamic Wideband Conformal Antennas and Arrays components of the communication system, creating a new J. T. Bernhard* paradigm for antenna design and control. [email protected] Low-Profile Radiators in Aperiodic Wideband Arrays U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, FA8718-04-C-0060 J. T. Bernhard,* P. Mayes, E. Michielssen This project investigates the fundamental characterization [email protected] of suitable wideband conformal microstrip-based antennas U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-02-1-0398 as single elements and in arrays and explores possible This project develops a family of low-profile antennas and approaches to expand the operating frequency bands and associated array methodologies for wideband applications performance of planar and conformal arrays. These where traditional periodic patch arrays severely limit approaches encompass the use of novel substrates and performance. The work includes the development of antenna designs, array designs that allow wideband specialized simulation tools as well as extensive performance, such as random and connected array measurements to characterize both individual and arrayed topologies, and implementation of antenna reconfiguration elements. to enable wideband operation of planar and conformal arrays. Miniaturized Antennas in Random Sensor Arrays for Planetary Surface and Atmosphere Exploration A Wireless Embedded Sensor System to Monitor and J. T. Bernhard,* A. C. Singer, P. E. Mayes, Assess Corrosion in the Tendons of Prestressed E. Michielssen Concrete Girders [email protected] J. T. Bernhard,* D. A. Kuchma, H. Reis National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [email protected] NAG3-2840 National Science Foundation, CMS 02-01305 In this project, we are developing size-appropriate, A multidisciplinary team of three researchers with electrically small (miniaturized) antennas with moderate expertise in the areas of nondestructive evaluation, bandwidths for such sensors as well as processing wireless communication, and structural modeling are algorithms for random arrays that enable the sensors to developing a wireless embedded sensor system to examine work together to communicate their data to remote corrosion of tendons in prestressed concrete girders. The collection sites regardless of their relative positions or project illustrates the importance of integrating orientations. The array will configure itself to form a beam technologies and expertise from several fields in solving in a general direction that can be intercepted by a passing complex information flow problems. orbiter or directed to a particular satellite- or surface-based Modeling of Well-Logging Tools receiver. The project will culminate with a testbed W. C. Chew,* Y. Liu demonstration using the developed antennas and [email protected] processing algorithms. Schlumberger-Chew Reconfigurable Antennas for High Data Rate This project proposes to use fast integral equation solvers Multibeam Communication Systems at low frequencies to model the physics of well-logging J. T. Bernhard,* E. Michielssen tools. There are challenges due to conductive losses as well [email protected] as low-frequency breakdown of integral equations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG3-2555 Modeling with Equivalence Principle Algorithm W. C. Chew,* M. K. Li This research develops new, individually reconfigurable [email protected] planar antenna array elements that can be adjusted to SRC 2006-KJ-1401 provide multiple beams while providing increased scan angles and higher aperture efficiencies than traditional This project collaborates with Intel to study the modeling diffraction-limited arrays. With the help of powerful of complex structures in circuits for computer design using simulation capabilities developed under the project, these the equivalence principle algorithm. Huygens-like antennas will be potential candidates for use in both large
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33 equivalence principle is used to reduce the unknown counts Fast Frequency-Sweep Analysis of Electromagnetic for mutual interactions between complex structures. Problems J. Jin,* D. Jiao, F. Ling Parallelization of Preconditioners U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, W. C. Chew,* A. Hesford Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University [email protected] Research Initiative SRC 2006-KJ-1412 This project applies the asymptotic waveform evaluation This project collaborates with IBM to study the used of method to a variety of electromagnetic problems for a fast parallel algorithms to expedite the calculation of the frequency-sweep analysis. These problems include reduced-coupling preconditioner. The preconditioner is scattering by a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) body, then used in an iterative solver to accelerate the solution, radiation of wire antennas on a PEC body, scattering by a and optimize its memory efficiency. dispersive dielectric body, scattering and radiation of Sound Mitigation of Noise Source conformal cavity-backed microstrip patch antennas, and W. C. Chew,* M. S. Tong microstrip circuits in a multiplayer medium. The use of [email protected] AWE can speed up the analysis by more than an order of U.S. Army, W9132T-06-2-0006 magnitude. This project studies the use of complex structures to High-Order Computational Electromagnetics mitigate sound waves produced by army proving ground Techniques facilities. We will model complex structures with integral J. Jin, K. Donepudi, Z. Lou, X. Wang equations for acoustic and elastic waves. The integral Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC equations solutions will be accelerated with fast solvers. 4400041703 Then the solutions will be used to design sound mitigation The objective of this project is to develop high-order structures. computational electromagnetics methods for a variety of Subsurface Navigation Algorithm electromagnetic problems such as antennas, scattering, and W. C. Chew,* C. P. Davis, P. Atkins, W. Tucker circuits. The high-order methods include the partial [email protected] differential equation based (such as the finite element AF Sub Raytheon 2600 method) and the integral equation based (such as the This project studies the possibility of geographically method of moments). These methods are characterized by locating an underground personnel, such as a coal miner, their high-order convergence and can provide much more using radio location method. It involves forward and accurate modeling of problem geometry as well as more inverse modeling of radio wave field at low frequencies in accurate representation of electromagnetic fields and inhomogeneous media. currents than traditional low-order numerical methods. Advanced Integral Equation Computer Program High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology for J. Jin,* M. Kowalski, B. Singh Simulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embedded Mission Research Corp. in Inhomogeneous Media J. Jin,* T. Rylander, Z. Lou The objective of this project is to develop advanced U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0210 physics-based basis functions for the integral equation solution of electromagnetic scattering problems. Such The objective of this project is to develop a high-order basis functions would increase the maximum electrical hybrid finite element technique that is capable of dimension of structures analyzed using method-of- simulating large array antennas embedded in moments-based computer programs. The simulation inhomogeneous media. This includes the development of capability will be further enhanced by utilizing a multilevel a novel hybridization technique that combines the finite fast multipole iterative solver. element and boundary integral methods for efficient and accurate analysis of electromagnetic problems and the analysis of dielectric-embedded antennas on a large, complex platform, a problem that is of significant importance to the Navy. It is well known that deploying antennas on a platform, such as a ship’s topside, inevitably introduces distortion in their radiation patterns and causes
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34 mutual coupling. The distortion in the radiation patterns effective hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumors may reduce the desired coverage for effective within the body without the formation of undesired hot communications and compromise the accuracy for spots is a difficult problem, requiring automatic isolating and locating targets. The existence of mutual optimization procedures. We will deal with this problem coupling, caused by space waves, surface waves, and by developing an integrated approach that combines scattering by the platform, reduces the electromagnetic electromagnetics, thermodynamics, and feedback control isolation between the antennas and consequently makes it theory to develop a design/optimization software. The difficult to operate the antennas simultaneously. Therefore, approach will utilize the cutting edge technology (MRI) for it is important to develop accurate numerical prediction guiding the hyperthermia process. tools to characterize the radiation patterns and mutual Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Method for coupling of the antennas mounted on a complex, often Electromagnetic Field Computation large, platform. J. Jin* Hybrid Methods for Electromagnetic Scattering National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 J. Jin* The goal of this project is to develop a finite-element U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, method using vector elements for electromagnetic analysis Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University of electronic devices, circuits, antennas, and radar Research Initiative scattering. Special emphasis is on the method's accuracy, In this project, researchers develop hybrid numerical efficiency, and versatility. Both frequency and time- methods to compute electromagnetic scattering from domain methods will be investigated and evaluated. realistic three-dimensional targets. These hybrid methods Specific applications will be demonstrated. combine high-frequency techniques (such as the shooting- Time-Domain Simulation of Electromagnetic and-bouncing-ray technique) and low-frequency Phenomena techniques (such as the finite-element and integral J. Jin,* A. Yilmaz, T. Rylander equation methods) to capitalize on the advantages and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, eliminate the disadvantages of both. As a result, they are F49620-01-1-0228 accurate and efficient and can be applied to large, complex targets. The objective of this project is to develop novel numerical techniques to simulate electromagnetic phenomena in the Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering by time domain. The focus is directed toward the FFT-based Jet Engine Inlets time-domain integral equation solvers and the robust time- J. Jin,* K. Mao domain finite element solvers. In the time-domain integral Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC equation solvers, the goal is to reduce the computational 4400041703 complexity by utilizing the FFT technology. In the time- The objective of this project is to develop an accurate and domain finite element solvers, the emphasis is on the mesh efficient numerical technique to characterize the scattering truncation techniques using either perfectly matched layers properties of jet engine inlets. This program is considered or boundary integral equations. a grand challenge in computational electromagnetics, which is critical for designing low-observable air vehicles High Frequency Devices and for developing reliable automatic target recognition techniques. New solution algorithms will be developed to 38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFET Technology deal with huge numerical matrix systems and to suppress Transfer Program numerical dispersion errors. M. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. Hsia Optimal Design of MRI-Guided Electromagnetic Northrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp Hyperthermia Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. Jin,* M. Kowalski National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship This project is aimed at the technology transfer of the University of Illinois 0.25 μm gate GaAs MESFET for This project concerns with the use of RF electromagnetic 24-GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA and VCO to power for oncological hyperthermia of deeply seated M/A-Com. for low-cost production. cancerous tumors. It is widely recognized that achieving
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35 50-GHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFET CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-Wave M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Beecher Wireless Communication Microsystem TriQuint Semiconductor M. Feng,* S. C. Shen, J. J. Hwang, M. Heins Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory F30602-97-2-0328 This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ion In collaboration with C. Liu. Conducted in the Micro and implanted GaAs MESFET for millimeter-wave integrated Nanotechnology Laboratory. circuit application. We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertz 50-GHz Ion-implanted Enhanced/Depletion/Power wireless communication and distribution microsystems. GaAs MESFETs We are also developing scalable MMIC modules with M. Feng,* H. Hsia, D. Becher, Z. Tang, J. J. Hwang, integrated MEMS components. S. Shen Network Device Inc. Center of Hyper Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultrafast Optoelectronic Systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. Cimino, W. Hafez, F. Dixon This project is to develop enhancement mode, depletion [email protected] mode, and power mode (E/D/P) GaAs MESFETs operated Defense Advanced Research Project Agency HUNT at 50 GHz. Program 50-GHz Self-Aligned Gate MESFETs Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* D. Becher, D. Caruth The goal of this project is to develop new optical source Vitesse Semiconductor Corp. laser and LED using light emitting transistors modified by Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory quantum well base and DBR to achieve high speed We have investigate Vitesse self-aligned gate MESFET for modulation of optical interconnect. the analog applications in term of noise gain and power. Development Materials for GaN-Based Minority- We have compare performance with the University of Carrier Power Electronic Devices for Advanced DoD Illinois realigned gate FET with Vitesse and to understand Systems device improvement issues. M. Feng,* J. Lai, K. Price ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta Modulator Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GaN Power M. Feng,* M. Heins, D. Barlage Program (under UTA team-Prof. Russel Dupuis) U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (Intel Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Fellowship) This program is to study material interface of Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory heterjunction, minority carrier transport property in GaN This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bit ADC. HBT system, since HBT provides high linearity and high Our first goal is to design the subcircuits library of efficiency power amplification. comparator, sample, and hold circuit and OA design of an Digital Radar Receiver ADC. M. Feng,* J. Fendrich AlGaAs/GaAs HBT Modeling Mayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects M. Feng,* P. Mares, M. Hein Agency Rockwell Microelectronics, Inc. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project performs the design and fabrication of an RF This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model for front end (400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system. HBT integrated circuits application. Our approach is based We are working closely with the Mayo Foundation on 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-dependent microwave data MIT-Lincoln Lab and Defense Advanced Research collection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP. Projects Agency to build two brassboard RF receiver front Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will be ends for digital radar applications. included in the model.
* Denotes principal investigator.
36 Direct Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETs Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC Receivers M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Becher, S. Shen M. Feng* GaAstronics Co. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project is to develop low-cost ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs for 5.8-GHz MMICs. This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAs transimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. The GaAs- and InP-Based HBT Reliability monolithic IC is involved in design and fabrication of M. Feng,* D. Barlage, M. Heins 4-channel OEIC receivers using GaAs MESFET U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369 technology. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC Applications This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBT M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, H. Hsia, Z. Tang reliability has become a major issue because of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97- heterostructure interface and fast diffuse p-type impurities C-8618 in both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will test HBT Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory devices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basic failure mechanism. We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET and integrated it with a 200-GHz HBT. Using this technology, GaN HBT Technology we will construct a fifth-order Sigma-Delta ADC for a M. Feng,* J. J. Huang 16-bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc. U.S. Navy, UTA 99-0302 InGaP HBT for ADC Applications Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. Heins GaN has great potential to be a power source in millimeter Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96- wave ICs and high-speed electronics due to its large C-8615 breakdown voltage and higher saturation velocity. In Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory collaborate with Prof. Dupuis at the University of Texas at Austin, we have fabricated GaN HBT with beta >100. We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermal There are many problems to be solved in terms of current and electrical model) for implantation into MDS and and power efficiency issues at millimeter wave frequency. HSPICs. The second-order Sigma-Delta ADCs with 5 Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed, simulated, High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-Tc and fabricated. Superconductor M. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. Hsia Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II) National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539 (IVHS) M. Feng,* H. Hsia In conjunction with the Science and Technology Center for Northrop Grumman Corp. Superconductivity. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project has contributed to the study of BKBO and This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contract YBCO film characterization at microwave and terahertz based on the success of the University of Illinois 24-GHz frequencies. A parallel-plate resonator (10 GHz) was built and 38-GHz GaAs MESFET MMIC for LNA and VCO. to characterize sheet resistance in the microwave The new contract is aimed at low-cost implementation of frequency. A noncontact coherent time-domain a 0.1 μm gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ion spectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real and implantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collision imaginary parts of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenic avoidance radar. microwave probing technique (1-40 GHz, 15-300K) is employed to establish patterned film scattering parameter. This work also aims to develop engineering model parameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique.
* Denotes principal investigator.
37 Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS) of MMICs operating at 38 GHz for a real application in M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis, J. Middleton point-to-point communication links. The Georgia Tech Northrop Grumman Corp. PRC will provide the flip chip package technology. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits Technology This project is a joint development effort between the M. Feng* University of Illinois and Northrop Grumman Corp. on Northrop Grumman Corp. millimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will design transmitter, receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory wave ICs using co-planar technology. The mask and This project is a joint effort with Northrop Grumman Corp. fabrication will use University of Illinois ion implanted, for developing 0.25 μm gate and 0.1 μm gate GaAs FET- super-low-noise GaAs MESFETs, and a monolithic IC based technology for the application in monolithic process. millimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high- Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFET frequency device characterization, an equivalent circuit M. Feng* model will be generated. This model will then be used for Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. MMWIC design. The fabrication of the MMWICs will be demonstrated. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAs We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, doped MESFETs channel HFETs and InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We will M. Feng* characterize these devices and optimize their performance ITT Corp. for 24- to 77-GHz applications. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Millimeter-Wave ICs and Packages M. Feng* This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure on Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF Package Research the direct ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETs Center based on the design of experiments in terms of dose and gate overlay. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Novel Giga Sampling Analog-to-Digital Conversion for This project is to develop 38-GHz and 77-GHz coplanar Direct Digital Receiver MMICs for flip chip packages. M. Feng,* D. W. Seo MOCVD HEMT Technology National Science Foundation, ECS-9979341 M. Feng,* Z. Tang Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. We proposed novel GHz ADC architecture, the folding and Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory interpolation-based 15-bit subrange A/D converter, will We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown reduce the transistor count by one-third and the area by P-HEMT and HEMT technology and its performance 60%. The subrange ADC requires a very precise and wide- comparison between MESFETs and MBE-grown HEMTs. band track and hold amplifier to maximize input bandwidth Modeling of Flip Chip Interconnects for RF/Wireless to great than 2 GHz and converter resolution to greater than M. Feng,* J. Schutt-Aine 15 bits. Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF ERC Package Optical Correlation Spectroscopy Using Research Center, SBC GIT E21-N50-G5 Reconfigurable Diffraction Grating Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* Q. He, K. F. Chen, J. J. Huang Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Center The next generation of wireless personal communication (DARPA) BOSS Program, MDA972-00-1-0020 links and wireless LAN and WAN will be focused in the millimeter wave range due to wide bandwidths and less Under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency interference effects. This work is to develop a low-cost Center for Bio-Optical Sensor System. In collaboration solution of millimeter-wave MMICs flip chip technology. This work will provide the design, simulation, and process
* Denotes principal investigator.
38 with K. Y. Cheng. Conducted in the Micro and Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- Nanotechnology Laboratory. Based Quantum Computers M. Feng,* R. Chan, C. Chuang Sponsored by DARPA, the goal of this program is to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Quantum develop a nano spectrometer for biological and chemical Computer Program, DAAD19-01-1-0324 agents detection. Our group is to design and fabricate re- configurable grating using novel MEMS switch. It is In collaboration with John Tucker. Conducted in the Micro capable of detecting 3-10 μm wavelength. and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Technology for Efficient, Agile Mixed Signal The goal is to place individual phosphorus donors into Microsystems silicon with atomic precision, demonstrate electronic M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. F. Chen, W. G. Ho control over wavefunction overlap, and characterize the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, TEAM spin singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system on Program couple donor pairs. Under BAE Systems and collaboration with Greg Timp. YBCO Superconducting Transmission Line Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Characterization M. Feng,* J. Fendrich The goal is to develop silicon RF CMOS with Ft and Fmax Superconductor Technology Inc. > 400GHz with 20 nm gate. The RF mixed signal circuits will be developed based the fastest RF CMOS technology. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally Synthesized This project studies the design rule of MCM using a Transmitter superconductor as an interconnect line. Loss and phase M. Feng,* J. Lai, M. Hafez, M. Hampson, D. Chan, delay are compared between gold and the superconductor B. Chu-Kung line. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be examined. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency TFAST Program Magnetic Resonance Under BAE Systems and Vitesse Semiconductor. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Studies of Relational (Declarative) Memory Processing N. J. Cohen, A. G. Webb* The goal of this research is to develop InP DHBT with Ft National Science Foundation, DBI 0092400 and Fmax > 500 GHz with sub-micron scaling of emitter size down to 0.1 micron. The technology is also required Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science to demonstrate Flip-Flop speed over 200 GHz. A VLSI InP and Technology technology of over 10,000 transistor level of mixed signal This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging in direct digital synthesizer (DDS) will be developed. humans for identifying areas of the brain involved in VCSEL and Smart Pixels for VLSI Photonics memory processing. M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K.-Y. Cheng, K. C. Hsia Studying Neurovascular Coupling in Aging with Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Optical Methods DAAG55-98-1-0303 M. Fabiani, M. D’Esposito, E. Gratton, G. Gratton, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory A. Kramer, E. McAuley, A. G. Webb* National Institutes of Health This project is focused on developing oxide confined VCSELs at 85 nm and 1330 nm, as well as smart pixels for Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science VSLI photonics. and Technology This area of research is concerned with using functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy to study the effects of aging on brain structure and function.
* Denotes principal investigator.
39 Analysis and Design of RF Resonators for MRI objects. For time-varying objects such as the beating heart, Applications however, significant image artifacts often arise that render J. Jin,* R. L. Magin, A. G. Webb the image useless. This project aims to develop a new class National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 of data acquisition and image reconstruction methods for real-time imaging of cardiac structures and functions. RF resonators, also known as RF coils, RF antennas, and electromagnetic probes, are crucial devices for obtaining An Integrated NMR high-quality magnetic resonance images for clinical R. L. Magin,* A. G. Webb diagnosis. In this project, researchers develop numerical National Science Foundation, DBI 96-05829 methods for analysis and design of such resonators for MRI Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science applications. Specific mathematical models will be and Technology developed for low- and high-field MRI systems, which may include high-frequency phase variation and bioeffect Microlithographic and MEMS technology are being used dosimetry for RF fields. to integrate the individual components of the receiver for nuclear magnetic resonance. This leads to advantages in Constrained Spectroscopic Imaging packaging for planar microcoils and increases in the signal- Z. P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur* to-noise ratio. National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4 Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Appetitive and Aversive Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Emotion and Technology G. Miller, W. Heller, M. Banich, A. G. Webb* Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises to National Institutes of Drug Addiction provide an entirely new way to examine the dynamics of Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science human biochemical processes in vivo noninvasively. and Technology However, its practical applications have been limited because of low sensitivity and long imaging time. The The goal is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging primary objective of this research is to develop to study the effects of aversive emotion tasks in humans. mathematical methods to effectively utilize the readily Optimized Hyperthermia Treatment of Prostate available anatomical information to constrain the spectral Cancer Using a Novel Intracavitary Ultrasound Array distribution to reduce imaging time without compromising N. Smith, R. Keolian, V. Sparrow, L. Harpster, spatial resolution. A. G. Webb* Functional Brain Imaging Department of Defense, DAMD17-02-1-0124 Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; Beckman and Technology Institute for Advanced Science and Technology This collaboration designs ultrasound transducer arrays for Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science destroying prostate cancer via thermal ablation. and Technology Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The primary objective of this project is to develop new J. V. Sweedler, A. G. Webb* signal-processing algorithms for detecting brain activities National Institutes of Health, PHS 2 RO1 GM53030-04 from functional MRI data. Researchers are investigating a wavelet-transform-based filtering and t-test method for Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science signal detection and a multiscale method for image and Technology registration and motion correction. This project designs NMR microcoils for studying MR Imaging of Time-Varying Objects chemical separation processes, and involves the Z. P. Liang,* Y. Bresler,* J. Ji, A. Sen Gupta, A. Guo construction of multicoil probeheads. National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; National Institutes of Health, NIH-R21-HL062336 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conventional MR imaging techniques have been widely used to obtain high-resolution images from stationary * Denotes principal investigator.
40 Investigation of Pore-scale Processes that Affect Soil Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging Vapor Extraction A. G. Webb* A. Valocchi, C. Werth, A. G. Webb* National Science Foundation, DBI 97-22320 Department of Energy, DOE DEFG07-99ER 15007 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Using microscopic NMR coils and small magnetic field This project uses magnetic resonance imaging to study the gradients, the resolution of NMR microimaging can dissolution of pollutants in various sands and soils. theoretically be improved to 1 to 2 cubic microns. Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that limit Applications of NMR Microspectroscopy to resolution and devising new methods to overcome these Combinatorial Chemistry limitations. Biological experiments on spinal cord tissue A. G. Webb,* R. Subramanian, J. V. Sweedler are also planned. Smith Kline Beecham Subcellular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science A. G. Webb* and Technology National Science Foundation, DBI-9722320 Combinatorial chemistry is the most recently developed Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science synthetic pathway whereby up to a million new therapeutic and Technology drugs can be produced simultaneously. The very small quantities of material (less than 100 pmoles) preclude The goals involve the design of radio frequency NMR structural identification by traditional high-resolution microcoils for single cell spectroscopy and imaging. NMR. Our efforts are concentrated on designing RF Ultrahigh Field Probes for Magnetic Resonance microcoils for operation at high magnetic fields (>11 T) Imaging and Spectroscopy for efficient detection of these chemical products. A. G. Webb,* S. J. Blackband, T. H. Mareci In Vivo MRI Thermometry Using New Functional National Science Foundation Imaging Agents Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science A. G. Webb* and Technology Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Foundation Nuclear magnetic resonance microprobes are being Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science constructed for operation at the highest frequency magnets and Technology in the world at the National High Magnetic Field Fluorine- and proton-based phase-transition agents are Laboratory at Tallahassee, Fla. Coil characterization being synthesized for in vivo temperature mapping using includes measurements of self-resonant frequencies and magnetic resonance imaging. Applications to magnetic susceptibility for different geometries. High- hyperthermia treatment of cancer are being investigated. resolution spectroscopy and microimaging experiments are being performed. Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance A. G. Webb,* J. V. Sweedler National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R01GM53030-01 Optical and Discharge Physics Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Startup Processes in Metal Halide Lamps and Technology J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner, R. Moss, A. Bhoj, The aim is to develop microscopic hardware so that single- T. Sommerer (GE) cell imaging and spectroscopy experiments can be run General Electric R&D Center using the model system Aplysia californica. Using High pressure, metal halide lamps are typically the lighting techniques such as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, the sources used for street lamps, stadiums, warehouses, and physical environment of neuropeptides within vesicles can other large indoor arenas. Metal halide lamps start as room be determined, giving valuable information on the mode of temperature, glow discharges. Upon heating, metal-halide action of these metabolites. compounds in the lamps vaporize to generate multiatmosphere pressure plasmas, which then produce
* Denotes principal investigator.
41 nearly continuum radiation. The starting process usually physiological function at the cellular and molecular level. involves applying high-voltage pulses to tens to one The use of noninvasive optical techniques can overcome hundred Torr of Ar gas with a small admixture of mercury many of the current technical limitations in or another low ionization potential rare gas. Optimizing neurophysiology encountered in the use of single-point this process will ultimately produce longer lived, more micropipette recordings, the use of complex parallel banks reliable lamps. In this research project, advanced computer of sensitive electronics, or the use of voltage-sensitive dyes modeling and laser diagnostics are being used to that are toxic to cells over extended periods of time. investigate the fundamental plasma processes that occur Development of a Multimodality Microscope during startup of metal-halide lamps. Of particular interest S. A. Boppart,* W. T. Greenough are the plasma-surface interactions on the cathode that [email protected] result in sputtering of cathode materials. Methods to National Science Foundation (Major Research minimize sputtering without using costly exotic materials Instrumentation), BES 06-19257 are being formulated. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Optical Imaging and Technology A wealth of structural and functional information can be Biophotonics: Optical Coherence Elastography and obtained from living cells in three-dimensional Biomechanical Modeling of Developing Tissues microenvironments using advanced microscopic S. A. Boppart,* N. Aluru techniques. This project involves the development of a [email protected] novel microscope integrating multiple optical imaging National Science Foundation, BES 05-19920 modalities including optical coherence, multiphoton, and harmonic generation microscopy. The laser sources Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science obtained through this Major Research Instrumentation and Technology grant will enable widely-tunable excitation of exogenous As the field of tissue engineering advances, new methods and endogenous fluorophores, as well as ultrabroad are needed to develop a more physiological and functional bandwidth light for high-resolution optical coherence tissue. This project involves the development a new optical microscopy and spectroscopy. This new instrument will diagnostic technique to quantify changing biomechanical enable simultaneous structural and functional imaging of properties in developing embryos and engineered tissues. cells and tissues, with specific applications in studying Experimental data will be incorporated into predictive tumor cell biology, optical changes in electrically-active computational models to better understand how "form neurons, and the growth of engineered tissues. follows function" and how the biomechanical properties of Magnetomotive Optical Molecular Imaging Probes developing tissue contribute to the resulting organization. S. A. Boppart,* K. S. Suslick, K. L. Watkin, A. G. Webb, Ultimately, this will lead to a better understanding of how A. L. Oldenburg external mechanical forces may be used to affect both form [email protected] and function in developing and engineered tissues. National Institutes of Health (Roadmap Initiative), 1 R21 CAREER: Functional Optical Coherence Tomography EB005321 for Neural Imaging Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science S. A. Boppart,* B. C. Wheeler, W. T. Greenough, and Technology R. Gillette [email protected] Molecular imaging involves the use of probes or contrast National Science Foundation, BES 03-47747 agents targeted to specific molecules such as cell receptors. Virtually every medical and biological imaging modality Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science utilizes some form of contrast agent to enhance the and Technology diagnostic utility of the technique. This project involves Functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) is being the development, demonstration, and application of a new developed to noninvasively track optical changes in neural class of dynamic contrast agent that is responsive to the tissue that occur during electrical activity. In analogy to application of an external, locally-delivered, modulating functional MRI, this new technique will permit the analysis magnetic field. The magnetomotive effect induced in iron- of not only neural structure at high resolutions, but also oxide nanoparticles produces an optical scattering
* Denotes principal investigator.
42 signature that is virtually background-free. Molecularly for imaging the surgical margins of resected breast tumor targeted magnetic nanoparticles have been shown to specimens and loco-regional lymph nodes for comparison provide a unique contrast mechanism for detecting tumor with corresponding histology, demonstrating feasibility cells using optical coherence tomography (OCT). for future intra-operative imaging. Optical Coherence Tomography Image-Guided Plasmon-Resonant Nanorods as Multifunctional Surgical Resection of Solid Tumors Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography S. A. Boppart,* K. Singletary, A. L. Oldenburg S. A. Boppart, A. Wei* [email protected] [email protected] National Institutes of Health (National Institute of National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1 Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering), 1 R01 R01 EB001777 EB005221 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Recent advances in molecular imaging involve the use of Current surgical oncology procedures typically occur at the contrast agents to site-specifically label cells and tissues of macro-scale, where a surgeon excises large volumes of interest. This project involves the development of novel tissue around a tumor in an effort to remove all regions of nanoparticle contrast agents that have specific absorption the tumor. Frequently, however, surgical margins are properties detectable with optical coherence tomography. positive, with microscopic evidence of tumor cells, and the Gold particle nanospheres and nanorods will have strong likelihood for residual tumor cells to result in recurrence. absorption properties for not only detection, but also for The major goal of this project is to demonstrate and inducing local hyperthermia for the selective destruction validate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of cancer cells. for high-resolution image-guided surgical resection of Targeted Contrast and Therapeutic Agents for solid tumors. With the ability to visualize tissue at the Molecular Biomedical Imaging micrometer (cellular) scale, and in real-time, OCT may S. A. Boppart,* W. D. O'Brien, K. Kim, H. Choi, alter the paradigm of histological diagnosis by enabling M. L. Oelze, K. S. Suslick, J. A. Katzenellenbogen, tissue diagnosis to be made intraoperatively, rather than M. Strano, D. W. Pack, K. S. Watkin collecting, processing, and analyzing tissue in the remote [email protected] pathology laboratory. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Optical Coherence Tomography of Breast Cancer: Conducted across the University of Illinois campus Feasibility for Tumor Margin Detection and Surgical Guidance Recent advances in biomedical imaging have drawn from S. A. Boppart,* J. G. Kotynek, F. J. Bellafiore, diverse fields to develop multifunctional targeted agents P. A. Johnson, K. M. Rowland that serve to not only generate contrast for detection and [email protected] imaging, but also provide a targeted therapeutic approach. Carle Foundation Hospital While many forms of contrast agents exist, and much effort has focused on optimizing contrast enhancement, less is Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science known about the potential for delivering controlled local and Technology and the Carle Foundation Hospital release of drugs or other local therapy, such as The major goal is to construct and use a portable optical hyperthermia or mechanical disruption, from these agents. coherence tomography (OCT) system in clinical settings Additionally, our understanding of targeting strategies is for the real-time assessment of tissue. The standard of care limited, largely due to the complexity of the cellular typically involves making cell and tissue observations in biology under normal and disease states. This project the pathology laboratory, after collected tissue specimens assembles an interdisciplinary team of investigators across have been processed, sectioned, stained, and prepared on campus to focus on these problems, and to develop new microscope slides of visualization. This project seeks to targeted, multifunctional agents. change this paradigm, by providing real-time, high- resolution, optical imaging of cells and tissues at the point- of-care. Specifically, our portable OCT system is being used in the operating rooms at Carle Foundation Hospital
* Denotes principal investigator.
43 Near-Field Optical Power-Extinction Tomography are currently developing a prototype instrument. Initial P. S. Carney,* V. Markel, J. C. Schotland, E. Wolf, results are promising. G. S. Agarwal Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope [email protected] P. S. Carney* U.S. Air Force Multidisciplinary Research Program of the [email protected] University Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379; University of Illinois National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology A photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is a Near-field optical power-extinction tomography (NOPET) device where the object is illuminated by an evanescent represents the intersection of total internal reflection wave generated at the face of a prism or slide and the field tomography (TIRT) and optical power-extinction is detected via a fiber probe in the near-zone of the sample tomography (OPET) where the probe beams of OPET are (as in near-field scanning optical tomography). The data replaced with evanescent waves as in TIRT for sample obtained with a PSTM are not amenable to direct illumination. With this technique it is possible to produce interpretation, but we show sufficient information exists in sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of scattering objects the raw data to numerically compute the two-dimensional from the power lost from the probe fields. structure of a thin sample, thus achieving a computational Near-Field Scanning Optical Tomography lens for the near-field. Demonstration of this work has just P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland been accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. [email protected] Total Internal Reflection Tomography National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland, R. A. Frazin; Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science D. G. Fischer (NASA) and Technology [email protected] NASA, NAG3-2764 Near-field scanning optical tomography (NSOT) explores the extension of imaging modalities such as photon Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science scanning tunneling microscopy (PSTM) and near-field and Technology scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to samples that Total internal reflection tomography (TIRT) is an imaging contain three-dimensional structure or when the probe tip modality that makes use of the evanescent waves to is not scanned in grazing proximity to the sample. We solve illuminate and probe a sample. The probe depth is the linearized inverse scattering problem to produce sub- controlled through the exponential decay of the evanescent wavelength resolved tomographs of the object under these wave. In principle, this form of illumination can also enable conditions. super-resolved imaging where features smaller than a Optical Power-Extinction Tomography wavelength can be resolved. To take practical advantage P. S. Carney,* E. Wolf, G. S. Agarwal of this capability, it is necessary to solve the inverse [email protected] scattering problem that is the focus of this project. We are Beckman Research Award; U.S. Air Force currently constructing an instrument to take the appropriate Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University measurements. Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Optical power-extinction tomography (OPET) makes use of the power lost from two coherent beams, which simultaneously interrogate a scattering object, to generate a tomograph (three-dimensional image) of that object in a similar manner as computed axial tomography (CAT) makes use of the attenuation of individual beams of x-rays through an absorbing object to generate a tomograph. We
* Denotes principal investigator.
44 label, the assay is less susceptible to errors and artifacts Optical Physics and Engineering caused by conformational change or blocking of active binding epitopes. It is envisioned that the technology will Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Nano-Optics be used in the context of a primary screen of a chemical P. S. Carney* library and as a secondary screen for measuring dose- [email protected] response characteristics of a protein-small molecule National Science Foundation NER Grant, 0210495 combination. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Photonic Crystal Biosensor Nanostructures and and Technology Materials for Advanced Performance Carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are tiny B. T. Cunningham* objects (1000 times thinner than a human hair) that have [email protected] recently drawn considerable attention in the scientific and National Science Foundation engineering communities because of their novel structural Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and electrical properties. We will theoretically investigate the optical and optoelectronic properties of these The specific aims of the research project investigate means structures. for advancing the state-of-the-art for photonic crystal biosensor performance and applications. Sensor designs Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Cartilage Engineering will be approached first by computer simulation using B. T. Cunningham,* D. Griffon rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite [email protected], [email protected] difference time domain (FDTD) methods, followed by Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology fabrication and testing of the structure. The design goals Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, will be to produce more narrow resonant spectra, higher the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and surface/volume ratio, and higher electromagnetic field Technology, and the College of Veterinary Medicine interaction with adsorbed material than first-generation designs. The incorporation of different materials to The project aims to optimize production of chitosan increase surface electromagnetic field intensity, and nanofibers with nanometer-scale diameter for chondrocyte structures to maximize the interaction of the field with attachment and proliferation. Utilizing nanometer-scale adsorbed biomolecules, will be demonstrated. lithography, a silicon template wafer is used to produce large area rubber molds. By filling the molds with chitosan Tunable Optical Filters Using Photonic Crystals and solution, curing the chitosan solution to a solid, and Nonlinear Dyes harvesting the cured fibers from the mold, large B. T. Cunningham* populations of fibers with any desired diameter can be [email protected] produced in large quantities. The fibers produced by this Batelle method will be used to determine the extent to which the Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory diameter of chitosan fibers affects in vitro chondrogenesis. Our working hypothesis is that decreasing the diameter of Photonic crystal narrowband reflectance filters can be chitosan fibers will improve chondrocytes’ attachment, designed with resonant wavelengths over the visible proliferation, and matrix production. portion of the light spectrum and may have utility as countermeasures against laser-based systems designed to Optical Biosensors induce temporary or permanent blindness in pilots. A B. T. Cunningham* photonic crystal that would block laser illumination at [email protected] specific wavelengths while allowing all other wavelengths SRU Biosystems to reach the pilot's eyes could be incorporated into the visor Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory of a fighter pilot. In addition, a photonic crystal-based visor might incorporate nonlinear dye material that would An optical biosensor is used to rapidly screen protein-small rapidly respond to hostile laser illumination and would molecule interactions that are not easily screened by other allow controllable tuning of the filtered wavelength. methods. The assay is based upon a sensor technology called a "photonic crystal" structure that is inexpensively manufactured from sheets of plastic film and incorporated into disposable microplates. By eliminating the need for a
* Denotes principal investigator.
45 Arrays of Microdischarges: A New Generation of Fabrication of Large Area, High Density Lighting Sources Microdischarge Arrays on Flexible Substrates J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner,* N. P. Ostrom, S. McCain, J. G. Eden* A. Bhoj, K. Rajaraman, I. Mitchell [email protected] Electric Power Research Institute, EP-P6654/C3385 National Science Foundation; Anvik Corporation This experimental and computational program is devoted In collaboration with the Anvik Corporation, the to investigating diatomic molecules as efficient emitters fabrication of large arrays of microcavity discharge devices for lamps. The microdischarge serves as the platform with on flexible substrates is being pursued. Excimer laser which a wide variety of diatomics (excimers, metal- micromachining techniques, combined with roll-to-roll halides, etc.) will be studied. A close linkage between processing, are attractive for inexpensively manufacturing experimental results and theoretical predictions is a key microdischarge devices in large area arrays. element of this research effort. Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Phenomena Equipment for Machining of Microdischarge Devices J. G. Eden* J. G. Eden,* C. Herring, J. Gao, A. Oldenburg [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Northrop Grumman Corp. F49620-99-1-0106 Experiments are being conducted in which ultrafast laser Under the DOD DURIP program, equipment is being pulses (~100-150 fs) produce ionized filaments in air or purchased to facilitate the fabrication of microdischarge other gases. Peak optical field intensities exceeding 1013 devices in silicon and other materials systems. A 1-kHz W-cm-2 are sufficient to produce stable channels having pulse repetition frequency Ti:sapphire regenerative extraordinary optical and electrical characteristics. In amplifier will be used with an existing oscillator to particular, emphasis is being placed on the coherent ablatively machine microchannels in silicon for use in nonlinear optical processes occurring in these filaments. arrays of discharge devices. Also, vacuum ultraviolet optics enabling arrays of sub-50 μm diameter cylindrical Large Microdischarge Arrays: Diagnostic and channels to be machined in Si metals or SiO at 193 nm Fabrication Equipment 2 J. G. Eden,* A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, have been obtained. The introduction of polymer films into J. M. Talmadge, C. Zhu, S. J. Park these multilayer devices as dielectrics or emission down- U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD19-01-1-0417 converters is another thrust of this program. Funds have been provided to purchase equipment for Experimental Studies of Microdischarge Devices and experiments exploring nonlinear optical processes in Arrays intense optical fields and the behavior and fabrication of J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, S. Kim, P. Galvez, J. Tang microdischarge devices having dimensions below 100 µm. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, These equipment items have significantly improved the F49620-99-1-0317 characterization and functionality of microdischarge This research program is focused on fabricating and devices and arrays fabricated in Si and glass. examining the properties of arrays of microdischarge Improvements in the regenerative amplifier of a Ti:Al2O3 devices. A variety of processes (wet and dry chemical femtosecond system, including its pulse energy and processing, laser ablation, and ultrasonic milling) are bandwidth, have also been made. employed to fabricate cylindrical and pyramidal cathodes in silicon as part of a multilayer structure suitable for large- Microdischarge Arrays: Phase 2 scale production. The properties of arrays and single J. G. Eden,* N. P. Ostrom, S. J. Park, K. Chen, devices operating in the rare gases are of particular interest, S. O. Kim and emphasis is being placed on the characteristics of [email protected] devices smaller than 50 μm. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF EWING TECHNOLOGY 03-1 The focus of this research program is scaling of microdischarge arrays to 104-105 devices and emitted power densities of 0.1-1 W-cm–2 in the ultraviolet. Arrays are being fabricated in silicon with devices having inverted
* Denotes principal investigator.
46 square pyramidal cathodes and polymer or being conducted to assess the magnitude of thrust multicomponent dielectrics. Large arrays have also been attainable as well as the device lifetime. successfully constructed and operated in glass in which the Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped Waveguide pixels are excited with an interdigitated electrode Devices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers and configuration. Several diatomic molecular emitters and Sensors excitation processes are under investigation, with initial J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, A. Oldenburg, A. Senin, emphasis on mid- and near-UV emitters. F. Shen, J. Conway Microdischarge Devices and Arrays: Quantum and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Coherence Effects F49620-98-1-0030 J. G. Eden,* S. J. Park, C. J. Wagner, N. P. Ostrom, The demonstration of new sources of ultraviolet and visible A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, C. Zhu, B. Ricconi radiation is the thrust of this research program. Current U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, efforts are two-pronged. Microdischarge devices F49620-00-1-0372 developed in this laboratory are under study as emission A family of photonic devices, known as microdischarges, sources for displays or as chemical sensors. Cylindrical and is being developed under this multiyear program. Based typically 20 to 400 μm in diameter, these microdischarges on microplasmas confined to volumes of nanoliters or less, have properties (VI characteristics, specific power loading) these devices have remarkable properties, including the that are unique and quite attractive for a variety of ability to operate as stable glows at atmospheric pressure applications. The second facet of this research effort is the and with specific power loadings of several tens of kW- study of nonlinear optical phenomena on the sub-100 fs cm-3. Single devices and arrays as large as 30 x 30 pixels time scale and at intensities exceeding 1010 W-cm-2. Using have been fabricated in silicon, ceramic, and metal/ colliding pulse mode-locked and Ti:Al2O3 laser systems, polymer structures. Many applications, including broad- wave packet formation, four-wave mixing, and high-order area UV sources, pump sources for microchip lasers, arc harmonic generation are being studied, both lamp ignition, and gas chromatography, are being pursued. experimentally and theoretically. Other research thrusts in this program are femtosecond Microdischarges for Phased Arrays of Low Coherence spectroscopy of small molecules by coherent nonlinear Emitters, and Microchip and Microsphere Lasers optical processes and the study of the optical properties of J. G. Eden* nanoparticles for lasers and biosensing applications. [email protected] Microdischarge Long Wave Infrared Source U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Technology Development F49620-03-1-0391 J. G. Eden* A new family of photonic devices, known as microcavity [email protected] discharges, is being developed under this multiyear Northrop Grumman Corp. program. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes of The characteristics of microcavity plasma devices as nanoliters (or less) and spatial dimensions of nominally emitters in the infrared (5-12 μm) are being studied in 10-100 μm, these devices exhibit remarkable optical and experiments with a variety of device designs. electrical properties. The fabrication of single devices and Spectroscopic and power measurements of single devices arrays as visible or ultraviolet emitters for applications in and arrays are being carried out in conjunction with biomedical diagnostics, displays, and environmental theoretical studies. sensing is being pursued. Microcavity discharge devices Microdischarge Micro-Thruster Technology with semiconductor cathodes have also been observed to Development be sensitive detectors of visible and near-infrared radiation, J. G. Eden* and the properties of these new photodetectors are under [email protected] investigation. An emphasis of this program is the Ewing Technology Associates realization of two-dimensional arrays of microemitters in which adjacent pixels are optically coupled. The potential of microcavity discharges as sources of thrust for small ("pico") satellites is under investigation. Experiments measuring the electrical characteristics of robust device structures, including Ni/BN/Ni designs, are
* Denotes principal investigator.
47 Novel Miniature Diagnostic Using Microdischarge resulted in improved molecular spectroscopic constants for Technology the xenon-monoiodide excimer that emits in the deep J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner ultraviolet at 254 nm. The optimization procedure also National Science Foundation; SBIR; SBC ETA UI-99-09- involves comparison with emission data, and subsequent P1 studies will focus on the mercury dimer. This SBIR program is developing chemical sensors based Integration of Photonic Crystal Sensors with Nanofluid on microdischarges fabricated in a "flow through" Flow Channels geometry. Because of the high specific power loadings P. Kenis, and B. T. Cunningham* accessible with microdischarges (> 100 kW-cm-3), arrays [email protected], [email protected] of these devices are well suited for the remediation of toxic NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical- gases. The emission spectra of gases flowing through a Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (NanoCEMMS) single 100–400 μm diameter microdischarge are presently Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory being studied as a diagnostic of molecular fragmentation and in Roger Adams Laboratory in the discharge and as a means of detecting impurities in the gas flow stream. The project objective is to incorporate plastic-based photonic crystal optical sensors within nanofluidic flow Spatially-Resolved Detection of Weak Magnetic Fields channels for the detection of biochemical interactions by Laser Magneto-Optical Techniques between mixed reagents, temperature of reagents, pressure J. G. Eden,* J. Gao,* J. M. Talmadge, R. Roth, A. Fai within sealed reaction vessels, and as a means for U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, indicating the presence or absence of fluid at particular F49620-01-1-0546 locations within a fluid network. Using integrated sensors Magneto-optical techniques are being developed under this and fluid control within a single small chip, we plan to program to detect weak (< 1 nT) magnetic fields for demonstrate the ability to simultaneously monitor large biomedical applications. By employing epitaxial films of numbers of photonic crystal sensors within the chip using novel garnet films in combination with nonlinear optical a noncontact optical imaging scanner instrument. processes and synchronous detection, magnetic fields as low as 10 nT have been detected reliably. Optoelectronics Visible and Infrared Laser Spectroscopy J. G. Eden,* J. Gao, C. Zhu, A. A. Senin, R. Kogler, Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical D. Miftakhutdinov Manufacturing Systems [email protected] K. D. Choquette* Northrop Grumman Corp. [email protected] National Science Foundation Atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared is the focus of this research effort. The objective of the NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical- Currently, emphasis is being placed on the spectroscopy of Electrical-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems the Rydberg states of the neon dimer and rubidium dimers. (NanoCEMMS) is the development of a manufacturing Excitation spectroscopy of the neon dimer has yielded the capability for manipulation and sensing of materials first rotationally resolved bands as well as observation of ultimately at the nanometer scale. To this end, the Photonic triplet splitting. As a result, structural constants of the Device Research Group is developing optical sources for molecule have been determined. Femtosecond studies of application in the eventual toolbit, which enables a new the dissociation of diatomic molecules, observed in real revolution of manufacturing. We are developing photonic time, are also being carried out. crystal vertical cavity lasers that employ photonic crystal effects in the direction of light propagation. These devices Metal Halide Lamp Plasma Model are promising for the high-power, single-mode operation J. Gao,* J. G. Eden,* F. Shen that will be required for optical sensing at the toolbit. The APL Engineered Materials holes inherent to this device are also suitable for material Calculations of ground and excited state potentials of introduction pores of the toolbit assembly. In addition, we excimer molecules of interest for lamp applications are are developing integrated vertical cavity surface emitting being carried out. Comparison of experimental lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors. Such a device will photoassociation spectra with quantum calculations has find application in fluorescence identification and position
* Denotes principal investigator.
48 sensing. We are thus pursuing close packed 2-dimensional Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Localization for arrays of intermeshed VCSELs and photodetectors for use Advanced Photonic Applications as optical sensors. K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman [email protected] Next-Generation Optical Materials and Devices Defense Advanced Research Project Agency K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman [email protected] Future chip-based optoelectronic systems will require an National Science Foundation unprecedented decrease of size and operating power, while simultaneously incorporating greater functionality and The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials and complexity. This research program builds on advanced devices that exhibit novel and significantly improved materials and device concepts to create a multifunctional properties due to their nanoscale size. We are developing photonic crystal based photonic integrated circuit that nanophotonic light sources with enhanced characteristics incorporates quantum dot active regions. We will explore for future photonic ultra-high-capacity communication diode injection and extraction to and from engineered systems. We seek to combine aggressive advances in 3- quantum dot structures, integrated with spatial selectivity dimensional electronic confinement obtained from within photonic crystal waveguides and optical quantum dots with the unprecedented optical confinement nanocavities. This project will encompass three levels of achieved from photonic crystals to develop the next technology research: system integration, novel device generation of highly efficient microcavity optical sources. structures, and advanced epitaxial growth. In the Photonic Photonic Crystal Emitters for Next Generation Light Device Research Group, our objective is to demonstrate a Sources photonic microsystem composed of an electrically injected K. D. Choquette* optical source, compact waveguides, detectors, and optical [email protected] memory elements. Army Research Laboratories VCSEL Reliability We are developing vertical cavity laser sources with K. D. Choquette* enhanced characteristics for future photonic and remote [email protected] sensing applications. Our devices consist of vertical cavity Sun Microsystems surface emitting lasers that are transversely defined by a We are investigating the reliability of vertical cavity photonic crystal. The pursuit of suitable nanotechnologies surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating under high required for photonic crystal fabrication in a variety of temperature and humidity. This research involves the materials is under way. Specifically, electron beam and fabrication of several different VCSEL structures, which focused ion beam lithography are being developed for will be life tested. After testing, the characteristics of the photonic crystal fabrication. This work will also focus on VCSELs will be examined, and in particular the influence transversely coupled photonic crystal defects, producing of the laser structure on reliability will be ascertained. coherently coupled vertical cavity laser arrays. Antimony-Based Type-II Superlattice Photodetectors Photonic Crystal Nanophotonic Devices S. L. Chuang,* A. Petschke K. D. Choquette* [email protected] [email protected] Army Research Office, Army W911NF-06-1-0353 U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research We propose to develop Sb-based superlattice The objective is to develop nanophotonic devices based photodetectors for 77K to room or higher temperature upon photonic crystal nanocavities employing a variety of operation. We will explore the IR detection applications of semiconductor material systems. Our goal is to develop the type-II superlattice quantum structures based on InAs/ photonic crystal design and processing techniques to AlGaInSb material systems. We propose new structures maximize cavity quality values, minimize cavity volume, including an interband tunneling detector similar to that in and minimize waveguide loss. We will also explore novel a type-II quantum-cascade laser structure, except for the vertical photonic crystal nanocavities incorporating reduction of the multiple cascade regions to a single period quantum dots, and pursue coupling photonic crystal with the active absorption region replaced by a type-II cavities and waveguides for integrated devices with post- superlattice. We will perform extensive theoretical and processing cavity tuning techniques. experimental investigation of the optical and electrical characteristics of mid-IR photovoltaic photodetectors. The
* Denotes principal investigator.
49 materials will be provided by our collaborator at Georgia the benefits of high bandwidth in the MANs are delivered Institute of Technology (Dupuis). to end users on the LANs. Our tasks include the following: quantitatively evaluate the impact of wavelength Characterization of Antimony-Based Type-II conversion on network reliability and study the design of Superlattice Photodetectors all-optical access architectures that leverage high-speed S. L. Chuang,* S. Mou wavelength conversion and add/drop channel capabilities; [email protected] design and fabricate tunable laser sources and wavelength Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA JPL 1289790 converters using composite resonator vertical cavity lasers; We will conduct research on the optical and electrical design and fabricate a novel semiconductor-based characterization of type-II superlattice samples grown by wavelength converter capable of format-transparent and our collaborators at JPL. The tasks include: ultrafast wavelength conversion; and design and fabricate photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy with temperature add/drop filters and photodetectors. dependence, absorption and transmission measurements, Modeling and Characterization of Nanoscale Optical PL imaging, and lifetime measurements. With a Bomem Antennas with Quantum Dots FTIR, we can measure the transmission spectra from S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, C. Y. Ni, C. Y. Lu visible to far-infrared (100 μm). Using the substrate Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (UC- transmission spectra, we are able to accurately extract the Berkeley-prime) optical absorption coefficients of InAs/InGaSb superlattices. Conducted in Everitt Laboratory Fiber Optical Force Sensors for Truck Hunting We will conduct research on nanolasers in collaboration Applications with Professor Yang at UC-Berkeley. We will apply the S. L. Chuang,* M. Chuang finite-element method (FEM) and finite difference time [email protected] domain (FDTD) method in the designs of optical antenna Association of American Railroads based on metal-semiconductor surface plasmon modes coupled to quantum well and quantum dots optical active The objective is to develop fiber optical force sensors for media. We will explore this possibility by theoretically and measurement of time-dependent lateral impact force on the numerically modeling structures formed by a nanoscale track for truck hunting applications in railroads. We have quantum-dot gain medium coupled to metallic succeeded in two designs of fiber optical force sensors nanostructures, which utilize the localized surface plasmon based on the attenuation of light transmission due to polariton effect. The project is part of the DARPA program microbending effects. The idea for our applications is to on Nanoscale Architectures for Coherent Hyper-Optic use our fiber sensors for measurements of lateral impact Sources (NACHOS). force as a function of time at various locations on a track. We have previously succeeded in measuring the weigh-in- Modeling and Characterization of SiGeSn-Based motion sensor for different waveforms of the force. We will Quantum-Cascade Lasers and Interband Lasers apply our experimental techniques to detect the wheel S. L. Chuang,* C. Y. Ni impact of the side of the track for lateral force [email protected] measurement. This technology will have potential Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI award), AF applications for truck hunting. Sub AZ State 07-750 High-Speed Wavelength-Agile Optical Network We propose to design interband lasers as well as S. L. Chuang,* I. Adesida,* K. D. Choquette,* intersubband THz quantum-cascade lasers. We will S. Lumetta* investigate the GeSiSn/Ge material system operating in the [email protected] L-valley of the conduction band (electrons), and the National Science Foundation SiGeSn/SiGe material system operating in the valence band (holes). In both structures, the carriers (electrons or We propose to explore the architecture and device holes) are first injected into the active region via a development issues necessary to develop optical local area miniband in the injection region. The radiative transition, networks (LANs) that are ready to interface with optical which generates THz photons, takes place in the active metropolitan area networks (MANs). Our goal is to region. After the transition, carriers are directed out of the develop a clear plan for integration of multiwavelength active region by another miniband and injected into the LANs and MANs in order to improve the degree to which active region in the next stage for recycling. Our tasks
* Denotes principal investigator.
50 include: QCL design and modeling, waveguide window by applying a pump beam based on the mechanism fabrication, and laser testing and characterization. We also of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and by investigate the possibility of interband strained quantum- applying an electric field to quantum-well structures with well lasers using SiGeSn/Ge systems. an electric field bias (or an external pump). We can control the exciton energy levels and wave functions. Therefore, Nonlinear Quantum Optical Devices Using Quantum we can engineer the slow light effects for applications in Dots novel variable optical buffers, which are essential for all- S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. Su, D. Nielsen optical networks. [email protected] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (University of California-Berkeley-prime), DARPA SA4472-32446 Power and Energy Systems We propose the use of quantum dots (QDs) for slow light Optimal Power Flow Application Issues in the Pool and optical buffer applications. We will develop the theory Paradigm of slow light in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and its E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* dependence on physical parameters such as dot size, The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; materials, optical pump intensity, and wavelength. The Power Systems Engineering Research Center major goal is to achieve variable time delay with a broad bandwidth from 1 GHz to 40 GHz using semiconductor The research focuses on the application of the Optimal quantum dot devices. We will also explore the applications Power Flow (OPF) to competitive markets. Since the OPF of coherent quantum effects in low-dimensional is a central decision-making tool, its application to the more semiconductor structures including quantum dots. This decentralized decision making in the competitive task is part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects electricity markets requires considerable care. There are Agency funded Photonics Center at the University of some intrinsic challenges associated with the effective California-Berkeley with other team members. OPF application in the competitive environment due to inherent characteristics of the OPF formulation. Two such Optical Bleaching and Voltage Controllable Optical characteristics are the flatness of the optimum surface and Buffers Using Quantum Dots and Wells the consequent continuum associated with the optimum. In S. L. Chuang,* A. Matsudaira, P. Kondratko addition to these OPF structural characteristics, the level [email protected] of authority vested in the central decision-making entity Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-Phase II has major ramifications. These factors have wide ranging (UC Berkeley-prime) economic impacts with implications that are pronounced With a controllable effective lifetime in the reverse bias due to the fact that, unlike in the old vertically integrated regime, we propose to implement a variable and wide- utility environment, various market players are affected bandwidth slow-light device. The controllable bandwidth differently. The effects include price volatility, financial can reduce the number of wavelength-division- health of various players, and the integrity of the market multiplexing (WDM) channels required in an optical itself. Researchers apply appropriate metrics to evaluate buffer with an ultra-wide bandwidth. We will model the market efficiency and how the various players fare. slow light based on the optical bleaching in quantum wells Researchers also study the impacts of OPF applications in and quantum dots. The HH exciton will be our main focus the Pool paradigm, with both supply and demand sides since it has a relatively narrow linewidth. An optical pump explicitly modeled, and use extensive numerical is applied to the HH continuum in QWs or to the simulations. The numerical results show the variability of inhomogeneous-broadened absorption in quantum dots. nodal prices and the skew possible in different "optimal" Slow Light in Semiconductor Quantum Well allocations among competing suppliers. Such variability in Waveguides the results may lead to serious disputes among the players S. L. Chuang,* P. Kondratko and the central decision-making authority. [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (University of California-Berkeley-prime), AF UCAL SA4455-32432PG We will develop theory for achieving controllable slow- down of the group velocity in a narrow transparency
* Denotes principal investigator.
51 Reactive Load Modeling Impacts on Nodal Prices in management (CM) and pricing. This activity has Pool Model Electricity Markets significant economic implications on every market E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* participant in an IGO region. The research considers the The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; congestion management schemes and the associated Power Systems Engineering Research Center pricing mechanism used by the IGOs in five representative systems: England and Wales, Norway, Sweden, PJM, and The project is concerned with the interpretation of nodal California. Researchers developed a unified framework for prices in competitive electricity markets based on the Pool the mathematical representation of the market dispatch and paradigm. Such prices are the byproducts of the redispatch problems that the IGO must solve in CM in these optimization performed by the independent grid operator various jurisdictions. This unified framework is used to (IGO) to determine the centralized economic dispatch develop meaningful metrics to compare the various CM taking into account all the transmission network and the approaches so as to assess their efficiency and the physical and operational constraints. The IGO implicitly effectiveness of the market signals provided to the market takes into account congestion considerations in participants. determining the centralized economic dispatch. Under the Pool paradigm, a system marginal price no longer exists The Role of Load Demand in Elasticity in Congestion and each bus may have different real and reactive power Management and Pricing nodal prices due to line losses and congestion avoidance E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* considerations that can arise when the limit of one or more The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; constraints is reached. The objective is to explore the Power Systems Engineering Research Center economic signals provided by these prices and effectively In the open access transmission regime, the common apply them in the design of markets and the rules of the carrier nature of the transmission system may give rise to road for these markets. The main focus of the research is frequent conditions of congestion. Under such conditions, on the explicit evaluation of the impacts of the reactive load a violation of one or more physical or operational on the nodal real and reactive prices. Researchers adopt a constraints in the base case or one of the contingency cases rather general model for the representation of the reactive is encountered. Congestion may result in certain cases in load: the reactive load at each node is represented as an marked price volatility and leads to price spikes. This is affine function of the real power load at that node; that is, particularly true in competitive electricity markets that lack the reactive load is the sum of a constant and a constant demand response. In this study, researchers examine the power factor component. This model includes as special role that demand responsiveness can play in competitive cases the constant reactive load and the constant power electricity markets. factor load including the case of purely real load Typically, the task of congestion management and corresponding to unity power factor. Researchers pricing is vested in the hands of an independent grid investigate the relationship between the real and reactive operator (IGO). The IGO uses an optimal power flow nodal prices and evaluate how they are impacted by the (OPF) based tool to determine the necessary actions to dual variables due to the various other physical and relieve the system of the congestion and to determine operational constraints in the system. Additional study transmission system usage charges. The actions of price focuses on the significance of the nodal price observations responsive loads may be represented in terms of the and the effective utilization in developing appropriate price customers' willingness to pay. From each customer's signals in the Pool paradigm. demand curve, the elasticity of the load at different prices Transmission Congestion Management Schemes: A is known and the benefit function is derived. The load at Comparative Analysis Under a Unified Framework each bus ceases to be a fixed quantity and becomes a E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* decision variable for the optimization problem of the IGO. The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; In this way, the IGO has additional degrees of freedom in Power Systems Engineering Research Center determining the necessary actions for congestion relief. The project investigates the impacts of load elasticity in The restructuring of the electricity industry has spawned congestion management and pricing. Researchers analyze the introduction of new independent grid operators or the salient characteristics of the optimum determined by IGOs, typically called transmission system operators the IGO with elastic load demand explicitly represented. (TSOs), independent system operator (ISOs), or regional The research team is evaluating elasticity effects on transmission organizations (RTOs), in various parts of the consumer, producer, merchandising, and social surplus. In world. An important task of an IGO is congestion
* Denotes principal investigator.
52 addition, the demand responsiveness impacts on price MEMS technology to improve the quality of the passive volatility in terms of average price and standard deviation components and reduce the space occupied by the chip. are determined and compared to the case without load Optimal Diversification of Multiple Energy Sources responsiveness. The increase in market efficiency P. L. Chapman* attainable in the presence of load responsiveness is National Science Foundation assessed. The goal is to develop a general approach to the design of Biomechanical Energy Conversion for Future Marine a power converter that can interface multiple, unlike, Corps Operations electrical energy sources. The interface would be capable P. L. Chapman,* X. Zhang (Mech. Sci. & Engr.) of maximizing or minimizing the energy flow from given [email protected] sources. The diversification of the energy sources takes U.S. Office of Naval Research advantage of environmentally responsible energy, This project involves determining the best human motions improves reliability, and potentially reduces cost. for potential use in generating mobile electric power and Analysis and Evaluation of VAr Support as an then making the best electric generators for these motions. Ancillary Service Mobile power is increasingly important for soldiers and for G. Gross,* S. Tao consumers of portable electronics. Batteries cannot supply Power Systems Engineering Research Center through satisfactory power levels for long enough times to meet Cornell University most objectives, thus alternative methods have been sought. Human power is a viable method for generating The unbundling of electricity services has brought about mobile power in the few watts range, without the need for the need to evaluate and quantify the various services. VAr fuels. support is one such service. Researchers have analyzed the principal attributes of this service and identified the Extraction of Low-Order Models from Finite Element dominant cost component. The research team is developing Representations of Electromechanical Devices an analytic basis for the evaluation of the VAr support P. L. Chapman* needs associated with transactions. The objective is to Grainger Center for Electric Machines and develop an allocation mechanism for VAr support among Electromechanics the transactions on the system. The finite element method is very effective at accurately Analysis of the Bilateral Transaction Paradigm for modeling magnetic devices such as inductors, Electricity Markets transformers, and motors, but is very computationally G. Gross* intense. Several thousand variables are used to describe The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program what should be captured in only a few. In this project, a model reduction method was demonstrated that begins Researchers are investigating the structure and functioning with the finite element technique. The thousands of of bilateral-transaction-based electricity markets such as variables are systematically reduced to only a few, with those created by restructuring in Norway and Sweden. The little loss of model accuracy. This was demonstrated so far objective is to analyze the salient characteristics of the for a single inductor. The new model runs several orders Nord Pool market and to perform a side-by-side of magnitude faster than previous models. comparison with the England and Wales Electricity Pool. The focus is on the assessment of congestion management Fully Integrated Switch-Mode Power Supplies and pricing. A mathematical model representing the P. L. Chapman,* C. Liu market structure and rules governing the operation of the Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Nord Pool market has been developed. The study will Electromechanics assess the functioning of the Independent Grid Operator A typical switch-mode dc power supply involves several and the critical role of transmission services. integrated circuits and discrete passive components. By moving all the circuitry to a single integrated circuit, the circuit is reduced in size and potentially cost. Power management and distribution within a chip are better enabled. Several versions of a step-up dc-dc converter have been demonstrated. Newer versions will take advantage of
* Denotes principal investigator.
53 Congestion Management Scheme for Multitransaction engineering, and operational constraints inherent in Systems electricity systems, so as to maximize economic efficiency. G. Gross,* S. Tao The in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of Economic Policy Research Institute, Department of electricity markets will provide a basis for the formulation Defense of optimal bidding and offering strategies with both supply- and demand-side bidders. Researchers aim to use Researchers are investigating the allocation of charges for the framework to address the various aspects of the congestion management (CM) in multiple transaction implementation and performance of auctions for networks. The problem is formulated in two stages. In the electricity; the explicit incorporation of uncertainty; the congestion allocation stage, the operator determines the interrelationships between the MWh commodity markets congestion burden attributable to each individual and specific markets in ancillary services; and the impacts transaction. In the congestion relief stage, the operator used of longer term forward and future markets. an adjustment bidding to determine the congestion relief These issues will be investigated together with topics actions. The allocation scheme is being tested on several related to the opportunities for gaming, the existence and systems. exercise of market power, and the impacts on electricity Development of an Analytical Framework for prices. In addition, the framework will serve as an effective Dispersed Generation testbed for a wide range of policy experiments, including G. Gross,* Y. Lin those focused on the nature and scope of regulation in the The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program restructured industry. Throughout the proposed work, Increased competition in the electricity supply industry, researchers will implement simulation tools to illustrate the increasing costs of transmission and distribution upgrades, performance of various market designs, rule specifications, greater pressures on cleaner environment, higher energy regulatory policies, and strategic behavior of various efficiency, and decreasing marginal costs of new and players. smaller generation technologies are some of the factors that Effective Deployment of Financial Instruments in are going to impact alternatives for adding electricity Competitive Electricity Markets supplies. The principal objective is to formulate a G. Gross,* S. Tao comprehensive analytical framework for dispersed The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program generation within which the economic, technological, With the recent emergence of the well defined electricity environmental, and reliability aspects can be studied. spot markets and the establishment of the trading of Simulation of systems with transmission constrained load electricity futures on specific exchanges, the application of pockets and dispersed generation expansion alternatives financial instruments such as options, futures, and are being performed. forwards provides significant new tools to players in Development of an Analytical Framework for Strategic electricity. Such instruments can be used for risk Bidding in Competitive Electricity Markets: Modeling management as well as speculation. The focus of this and Policy Analysis research is on the effective incorporation of these G. Gross,* G. Deltas (Econ.), M. Joung instruments into the operation of electricity trading. National Science Foundation, ECS-0000577 Researchers will investigate certain design and definitional The work is focused on the design, functioning, and issues in the deployment of financial derivative concepts performance of competitive mechanisms in wholesale to electricity markets. Of particular interest is the electricity markets taking explicit account of the specific evaluation of the risk mitigation capabilities provided by characteristics and constraints of electrical generation and these instruments for the trading of electricity and their consumption. The objective is to develop a general and impacts on the spot markets. In this project, researchers comprehensive analytic framework that integrates the will investigate the salient uniqueness of electricity game theoretic aspects of electricity exchanges with the derivative contracts due to the physical power system. The unique constraints under which electric power systems research team also will investigate the possibility of operate. This framework will lay the foundation for the developing new financial instruments and strategies to evaluation of various designs for electricity market accommodate the different risk preference of various structures and "rules of the road" of auction mechanisms participants in the spot electricity market. Moreover, that incorporate the constraints imposed by the physical, researchers will study the impact of financial derivatives on various players of the market.
* Denotes principal investigator.
54 Loss Allocation Scheme for Multitransaction Systems the various aspects of an OASIS network, to gain a strong G. Gross,* S. Tao intuitive feel for its operations, and to train users. For a The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program specified time period, the OASISNET simulator reproduces an OASIS network of multiple nodes using the Researchers are studying the allocation of losses as a same communications medium as the actual system, the function of physical power flows in multitransaction Internet, and with multiple players using the simulator systems. The research team has recast the power flow simultaneously. Salient features of the simulator are its problem in a transaction-based network and is studying the modular architecture, as well as the ability to simulate issue of appropriately allocating losses on the basis of multinode OASIS network operations and to accept flows that the transactions bring about. Extensive tests of simultaneous access from remote users through use of the approach are being carried out on systems of varying client/server technology. The simulation focuses on the sizes. A mechanism for loss compensation has been dissemination and use of the available transmission developed to provide choice to transacting entities. capability information. Applications of the new simulator Metering Requirements and Metering Data for training and analysis are under study. Applications in Open Access Bulk Electricity Systems The Load Frequency Control (LFC) Performance G. Gross,* J. W. Lee Assessment Power Engineering Research Center through Cornell G. Gross,* J. W. Lee University; The Grainger Foundation Inc. The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs The FERC Order No. 888 specified six unbundled ancillary Load frequency control is used to regulate the frequency services that may be provided to transmission customers. of the power system to be within acceptable bounds around The NERC has developed a classification of 12 separate the synchronous value. Researchers are constructing a interconnected operations services. The unbundling of the framework for the evaluation of LFC performance services and the disintegration of the vertical structure of assessment taking into account the random variations of the electricity business have set up new requirements for the actual load over time. Appropriate metrics for the LFC information acquisition, metering, and communications. performance assessment are constructed in the random This project will examine the communication protocols process based framework. These metrics are used to and the data management aspects of the metering activities. formulate the criteria for LFC performance assessment. Real-Time Security Monitoring and Control The effectiveness of industry criteria is assessed. G. Gross* Capabilities of Finite Element Analysis and Magnetic National Science Foundation Equivalent Circuits for Electrical Machine Design Researchers have prepared a White Paper that outlines the P. T. Krein,* M. Yilmaz scope of issues, challenges, and opportunities in the area Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and of real-time security monitoring and control (RTSMC) of Electromagnetics power systems in the restructured electricity industry. The Conducted in Everitt Laboratory counterpart of power system reliability in real-time operations is security—the ability of the power system to Capabilities and limitations of finite element analysis withstand contingencies. This White Paper is part of a set (FEA) and magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) analysis are of six papers on reliability aspects of the electric power reviewed for electrical machine design. Conventional system prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by the designs employ equivalent circuits, supplemented with Consortium of Electric Reliability Technology Solutions FEA. MEC methods offer advantages of reduced model (CERTS). complexity compared to FEA, enhanced accuracy compared to circuit approaches, methods for extension to Simulation of the Multinode Open Access Same-Time 3-D, and fast computation. Few past efforts report thorough Information System comparisons between measurements and simulations. G. Gross,* Y. Tian With limited exceptions, past comparisons report “good The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs agreement,” but in fact show errors of 15% or more. When A Web-based simulator of the Federal Energy Regulatory magnetic saturation, eddy currents, hysteresis losses, and Commission (FERC) mandated Open Access Same-Time similar effects are modeled in detail, simulations and Information System (OASIS) network was implemented. experiments agree within 5%. The purpose of the simulator is to provide a tool to study
* Denotes principal investigator.
55 Clean Power Supply for Dynamic Loads in Low- dedicated induction machines are being developed, and Voltage Digital Systems complete machines will be designed and tested. P. T. Krein,* G. Pitel Development of an Automated First-Principles Design National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 Tool for Electromechanical Devices Fast dc-dc dynamic performance is crucial for supplying P. T. Krein,* T. O'Connell clean power to dynamic loads, especially in low-voltage [email protected] digital systems where fast, high-current load steps can lead Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and to significant transients. Control and systems change are Electromechanics two approaches that allow converters to reject disturbances The objective is to use closed-form solutions of Maxwell’s without sacrificing bandwidth. Sophisticated control equations as a tool for first-principles design of methods that harness load information can increase rise electromechanical devices. In this research, a time performance by nearly an order of magnitude. Modern Mathematica program has been developed that automates digital systems have the necessary communication such a process. A generic layered is used to represent infrastructure to transmit this data to the supply so it can material in the rotor, stator, or air gap of an electric respond intelligently. Hitherto unexplored topologies can machine. Current work focuses on better understanding route current around system bottlenecks to achieve ultra- the nature of the fundamental fields and forces at work fast performance. Both approaches are being evaluated. inside an electric machine. Conformal mapping based on Comparison between Hard and Soft Turn-Off of the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping theorem is being IGBTs in PWM Inverters explored to solve analytically for magnetic fields and P. T. Krein,* A. Banerjee forces in two-dimensional machine structures. Delphi DEGS Scholarship Digital Control for Energy Optimization To ensure optimum benefit of insulated gate bipolar P. T. Krein,* J. Kimball transistors (IGBT), their appropriate operation is crucial. National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 Pulse-width modulation (PWM) exposes IGBTs to Discrete-time ripple-correlation control (DRCC), variable duty cycles and frequencies. Hence, IGBT developed with SmartSpark Energy Systems, extends robustness is necessary to ensure system reliability. ripple correlation control (RCC) into the digital domain. Requirements such as low device stress versus low Analog RCC is reduced to a sample timing problem: With commutation losses demand conflicting gate-drive correctly timed samples of variables, a microcontroller can designs. The potential gains of incorporating either hard determine the optimal operating point location. turn-off (straight turn-off of the gate once over-current is Convergence is fast and uniform. After the system is reset detected) or soft turn-off (when over-current is detected, at open circuit, the solar panel is driven near maximum the gate voltage is brought down gradually to limit current, output power by choosing a voltage value relative to the and then turn-off is initiated) techniques will be analyzed open-circuit measurement, enabling the DRCC algorithm with respect to design conflicts. to quickly converge to global maximum output and avoid Design of Small Inverter-Fed Induction Motors undesirable operating points. DRCC is demonstrated over P. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein a wide range of solar conditions. Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Flexible Digital PWM Control for Embedded Power Electromechanics Converters Nearly all induction machines built today are based on P. T. Krein,* X. Geng previous designs, carrying on constraints imposed long [email protected] ago. Although new materials are employed, the basic University of Illinois, Motorola Center for concepts have not changed in decades. However, with Communications power electronic inverters, some constraints no longer Switching power conversion for portable communications, apply. This project investigates fundamental design personal digital assistants and most other electronic choices, such as number of phases, operating frequency, products is controlled through pulse width modulation and number of poles, as well as geometric parameters. The (PWM). Since PWM produces strong components at the goal is to derive design rules to yield machines with switching frequency and its multiples, one objective of X. improved efficiencies and operating characteristics. Geng and P. Krein is to study spectral characteristics of Design tools and methods specialized for inverter-
* Denotes principal investigator.
56 PWM for purposes of noise and switching loss A Microgrid-Based Telecom Power System Using management. Nonrandom switching schemes are being Modular Multiple-Input Dc-Dc Converters developed to reduce interference without extra losses. P. T. Krein,* A. Kwasinski Applications include flexible digital implementations for Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and the full range of dc-dc converters and small motor drive Electromechanics units for automotive loads. A microgrid is an independently controlled portion of an Input Power Minimization of an Induction Motor electrical grid. It comprises its own power sources (such Operating from an Electronic Drive Under Ripple as fuel cells, solar cells, microturbines), energy storage Correlation Control devices (such as flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors), and P. T. Krein,* A. Bazzi loads, usually interconnected with a larger grid. With Smartspark Energy Systems SBC PK 2007-02694 independent control, a microgrid with a utility tie can deliver high reliability, high efficiency, and uninterruptible Conducted in Everitt Laboratory power functions, while reducing energy storage needs Ripple correlation control is applied to induction motor compared to traditional systems. This work explores a input power minimization. Simulations and experiments microgrid-based telecommunications power plant with a verify that the direct component of the rotor flux in the distributed architecture. Combinations of converters and synchronous frame can minimize input power to the motor controls create a flexible, reliable plant that meets and maintain required output power. Motor characteristics performance needs of modern telecommunication systems. are shown to give a convex input power function with A Stochastic Approach to Power Factor Correction respect to λedr. Results include the use of torque and flux P. T. Krein,* J. Kimball estimators from stator-side voltage and current National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 measurements. System analysis uses dynamic models of the induction motor, three-phase rectifier, three-phase Power factor correction (PFC) converters enable inverter, estimators, and ripple correlation controller. computers and other electronic devices to operate near Efficiency improvement is verified across the load torque unity power factor. Without PFC, they would inject range. A technique indicates if the motor is run at its harmonic currents into the power grid and disrupt other optimal operating point. equipment. Kalman filters and related stochastic techniques are used to extract current information from Mitigation of Power System Collapse through Active voltages and eliminate current sensors. Kalman filter- Dynamic Buffers based controllers can be modified to generate any current P. T. Krein,* W. Weaver waveform, allowing both unity and non-unity PFC to be [email protected] accomplished with a small software adjustment. This National Science Foundation Grant, NSF ECS-0224829 allows the power converter designed to exploit allowed Power electronics continues to grow as an element of harmonics and, depending on the application, to either electrical loads. Loads such as motor drives, computer reduce cost or improve reliability. power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting serve to Evaluating the Potential for Transmission Constraints "isolate" load dynamics from the utility grid and enforce on the Operation of a Competitive Electricity Market constant power behavior. They tend to destabilize the grid. in Illinois In this study, power buffering is examined as a way to T. Overbye,* X. Cheng mitigate effects of constant power loads by controlling the [email protected] dynamic impedance of the converter during a disturbance. Illinois Commerce Commission Experiments have shown the advantages of using power buffers. Further work involves studying the interaction of The goal of this project is to determine if the transmission multiple power-buffer converters in a distributed system. system in Illinois and the surrounding region is able to support a competitive electricity market: that is, one that would allow for effective competition to keep prices in check and allow for new market participants to compete effectively for market share. The project will seek to determine if there are conditions that could reasonably be expected to occur that would enable a company to exercise market power in one or more portions of the state and
* Denotes principal investigator.
57 thereby create undue pressure on the prices charged to Power Industry Restructuring and Pricing in Siberia customers and/or inhibit new market participants from S. Palamarchuk, G. Gross* entering the market. It should be noted that the intent of Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs; U.S. this project is not to predict whether or not such market Department of State power would actually be exercised by any company. The restructuring of the power industry in Russia is under Rather, it is designed to determine if a set of reasonably way. The existing nationwide market is planned to be expected conditions could allow any company to do so. divided into three regional sectors, one of which will be set Interactive Visualization of Electrical Power System up in the Siberian region of the country. The restructuring Transmission System Capacity will allow the market arrangements to take into account the T. J. Overbye,* D. Wiegmann, Y. Sun regional characteristics of electricity generation, Power Systems Engineering Research Center transmission, and consumption. The project aims to develop an auction mechanism for the wholesale electricity One of the major goals associated with restructuring in the trade in Siberia. Key aspects include review of the market electrical power industry is to allow nondiscriminatory structures currently in operation, design of the market access to the high-voltage transmission grid. However, a forward trade and the associated pricing issues, key difficulty in achieving this goal has been the fact that development of procedures for the evaluation of rational the capacity of the transmission grid has a finite but not bidding strategies for market players, and training of the easily determined value. That is to say, the ability of the players in the new environment. transmission system to support additional power transactions is limited by the need to maintain system Critical Cutsets for Static Transfer Stability Limits security. The goal of this project is to develop and apply P. W. Sauer,* B. Raczkowski innovative visualization methods to aid market participants [email protected] in determining this availability. National Science Foundation and Grainger Foundation Endowments Workshop to Consider the Practicality of a Continental Energy SuperGrid This project is investigating possible direct data indications T. Overbye* (line flow measurements) of closeness to voltage collapse Richard Lounsbery Foundation and methods to increase margins to voltage collapse. The goal is to evaluate this information using SCADA The purpose of this project is to convene a workshop to measurements rather than model-based computation. investigate the technical and societal viability of a proposal for the creation of a “Continental SuperGrid” to meet our Dynamic Behavior and Load Model Estimation from country’s energy needs in the mid- to late-half of the 21st Measurements Century. The proposal calls for the creation of a P. W. Sauer,* S. Liu continental grid, delivering both electricity and fuel. The [email protected] electric portion of the grid would be superconducting, high National Science Foundation and Grainger Foundation voltage dc, with liquid hydrogen used as the core coolant. Endowments The electric power and hydrogen would be supplied from This project is investigating the use of phasor measurement nuclear and other source power plants spaced along the unit data to provide real-time estimates of system dynamic grid. Electricity would exit the system at various dc-ac behavior and estimates of load model structures and their taps, connecting into the existing ac power grid. The associated parameters. The dynamic behavior would be hydrogen would also exit the grid, providing a readily quantified by estimated levels of system damping for available, alternative fuel—for perhaps fuel-cell based critical modes. automobiles. While the scope of this proposal is certainly ambitious, given its potential for significant society-wide Trustworthy Communication and Computing benefits, it is also one that deserves serious consideration Architectures for Power Systems and debate. P. W. Sauer* [email protected] National Science Foundation This project is investigating the needs of power system communication and computing environments for future use in deregulated power systems. This includes the need
* Denotes principal investigator.
58 to share information between regions and independent Composable Processors operators. N. P. Carter,* R. Gupta, G. Rasche, J. Stine Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MARCO Value of Real and Reactive Power Reserves Center P. W. Sauer,* P. Ruiz [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Roberto Rocca Fellowship and Grainger Foundation As silicon fabrication technology improves, processors and Endowments system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs are moving toward This project is investigating the technical and economic gridded layouts to minimize the impact of wire delays on issues associated with determining the value of real and performance. The composable processors project is reactive power reserves. These reserves can be broken studying techniques to reduce the design time and cost of down into various components that reflect their operational grid-based custom processors through the use of a set of benefits to the system. The issues with each component are pre-designed "tiles" that can be composed together to form being addressed from an economic and reliability point of a variety of custom system architectures. In addition to the view. design of the tiles and systems that use them, we are developing software techniques to automatically generate Voltage and Reactive Power Computation for high-performance, low-cost architectures for specific Contingency Analysis using Sensitivities applications in this design methodology. P. W. Sauer,* P. Ruiz [email protected] Magnetoelectronic Reconfigurable Logic Roberto Rocca Fellowship and Grainger Foundation N. P. Carter* Endowments [email protected] U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-02-1-1038 This project is investigating alternatives to full AC power flow techniques in contingency analysis. While sensitivity Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory analysis is normally limited to real power computation for We are developing reconfigurable logic systems based on estimating line flows, this work is considering piecewise a novel magnetoelectronic device: the Hybrid Hall Effect linear methods that reflect the physical limits on reactive device. These circuits can be configured to compute a wide power sources and voltage control. This preserves the range of logic functions with nonvolatile storage of their linear nature of the contingency analysis while recognizing outputs and can be easily integrated into CMOS designs. an important nonlinearity. Current challenges include reducing the power consumption of our circuits and developing system Reliable and High-Performance architectures that best take advantage of their capabilities. Computing Self-Healing Reliable Reconfigurable Systems N. P. Carter* Detecting and Preventing Attacks with Vulnerability [email protected] Signatures University of Illinois N. Borisov,* D. Nicol, W. H. Sanders Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, #CNS 06-27671 Reconfigurable logic is an attractive fabric for reliable Conducted in the Information Trust Institute system design because faults in portions of the logic can This research is working to develop a new network- be corrected by reconfiguring the system to avoid the faulty filtering defense mechanism to detect and prevent resources. We are developing design techniques for intrusions using fast and precise vulnerability signatures. reliable systems implemented using reconfigurable logic. The work will provide a sound and fundamental approach These techniques combine application-directed synthesis for representing vulnerabilities, detecting attacks via of redundant functionality to tolerate errors, run-time exploits that make use of those vulnerabilities, and detection of faults, incremental synthesis for fast repair, preventing (through filtering) the harmful effects of many and global resynthesis to avoid cumulative effects from network-based attacks. Though directed at network-based multiple faults. attacks, the approach should also be effective in protecting other communication channels inside a host.
* Denotes principal investigator.
59 The Amalgam Programmable-Reconfigurable Boolean minimization techniques, and re-expressing Processor control using more efficient sequences of predicate N. P. Carter* defining instructions. In the second area, this project works [email protected] toward a paradigm in which stores, branches, and loop U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0824 boundaries can be reordered freely to achieve performance goals. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Architecture and Compiler Techniques for Optimizing Amalgam combines several conventional processors and Memory Accesses blocks of reconfigurable architecture into a single W.-M. Hwu,* H.-S. Kim, E. M. Nystrom microprocessor, using a clustered architecture to minimize National Science Foundation, CCR 96-29948/98-09478; the impact of wire delay on cycle time. Our results show Intel Corporation that this architecture generates an average of greater than 12x speedup over a simple microprocessor on a range of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory benchmarks. We are currently developing compiler The goal of this research is to develop an integrated techniques for this architecture, as well as investigating compiler and architecture approach to drastically reduce architectural features to improve performance in far-future the frequency and cost of memory accesses in future fabrication processes. computer systems. In particular, a compiler strategy that is Architectural Models for Highly Concurrent built upon interprocedural pointer analysis and new Instruction Execution heuristics for estimating the probability of colliding pointer M. I. Frank,* S. J. Patel contents will be developed to take full advantage of the data [email protected] speculation features in future microprocessors. The National Science Foundation, CCF-0429711 insights provided by fully disambiguated memory accesses may drastically change the future course of run-time data Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory speculation supports. Superscalar processors can concurrently execute several Automatic Transformation of Traditional Software instructions from a single thread, but are limited in the Components into a Data-Flow Execution Model amount of concurrency they can find and exploit because W.-M. Hwu,* C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim they must fetch and rename instructions in program order. [email protected] We build on compiler-assisted thread level parallelization DARPA/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center mechanisms that concurrently fetch, rename, and execute (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation multiple, widely separated, portions of the program. We are developing new dynamic techniques for using control- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory dependence information to find and exploit global Due to the cost of building ever-larger uniprocessors with instruction-level concurrency within a single thread of standard, single global on-chip storage, future gigascale execution. Using these techniques, we can achieve computing platforms will increasingly rely on special- execution rates four to ten times that achievable by purpose hardware accelerators that employ decentralized superscalar processors. data-flow computation models. However, the traditional Advanced Predicate-Domain Code Optimization von Neumann programming model will continue to be W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias strongly preferred due to the high cost of changing the Intel Corporation fundamental software model. To improve design productivity in the presence of the widening gap between Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory the programming model and the underlying hardware The predicated representation, in which control is platform, we are developing deep program analysis and implemented via conditional execution of instructions transformation techniques that will enable tools to rather than branches, presents two general categories of automatically extract data flow computation components new optimization opportunities: the optimization of from a von Neumann program. program decision logic and the optimization of computation code using predication. This project aims to reduce control overhead by extracting control expressions from predicated code, optimizing these expressions using
* Denotes principal investigator.
60 Compiler and Architecture Support for Program trustworthy, cluster computing platforms for on-demand/ Tunneling utility computing and/or adaptive enterprise computing. W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, Specifically, it is investigating new sets of application- H.-S. Kim aware methods to provide customized levels of trust Hewlett-Packard (specified by the application) via an integrated approach involving reprogrammable hardware and novel compiler Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory methods to extract security and reliability properties, all Modern programming paradigms often impose major supported by a configurable OS and middleware. performance penalties on application programs. Object Deep Program Analysis oriented programming, structured exception handling, W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter, automatic memory management, middleware services, and C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim operating system calls are all examples of such costly Intel Corporation; National Science Foundation, features. The goal of this research is to eliminate the cost 98-09478 of these features for the frequently traversed paths of executable programs. Architecture support, in the form of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory new protection schemes and no-overhead profiling Current code analysis techniques draw dependences based mechanisms, will be developed to enable the run-time largely on program structure and on register and memory optimizer to safely perform aggressive optimizations. accesses, many of which are not inherent to algorithms but Configurable On-Chip Memory Microarchitectures are merely side effects of implementation in a particular W.-M. Hwu,* H. C. Hunter, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, architecture or coding paradigm. The conservative nature H.-S. Kim of these analysis techniques limits the compiler's ability to [email protected] perform broad, powerful code optimizations. Deep DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research program analysis is intended to discern the fundamental Center (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation algorithmic dependences of input programs from among those artificially imposed. The application of deep program Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory analysis techniques could revolutionize program Simple technology scaling offers little hope for breaking optimization, memory access microarchitecture, software the difficult scalability and power/performance barriers development process, software verification, and software associated with traditional on-chip memories. This project debugging. seeks to design new configurable on-chip SRAM IMPACT Post-Link Optimization Framework microarchitectures that will enable large SRAM structures W.-M. Hwu,* M. C. Merten, R. D. Barnes, to approach the power efficiency of small custom E. M. Nystrom memories for memory-intensive applications such as Hewlett-Packard; Microsoft Corp. media and signal processing. The proposed structures support configurability in access ports, access latencies, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and sleep-drowsy states. Our deep analysis toolset, a Commercial software vendors distribute products in binary carefully engineered symbiosis of whole-program data executable form, compiled for a specific processor. Very flow, control flow, and pointer/data structure analyses, will limited technology exists for optimizing binary disaggregate the application's memory data flows and will executables, thus preventing end users from optimizing allow transformation of existing programs to take full programs for their particular machines and usage patterns. advantage of the configurability of the new SRAM To remedy this problem, this project is creating a binary structures. optimization framework that will serve as a bridge between CRI-A Configurable Application-Aware High- the binary executable and the IMPACT compiler. Using Performance Platform for Trustworthy Computing this framework, the team can experiment with W.-M. Hwu,* R. K. Iyer, K. Nahrstedt, W. H. Sanders optimizations targeted machine. Such optimization could National Science Foundation #CNS 05-51665 be performed at the time of program installation or offline, while the user's machine is idle. Conducted in the Information Trust Institute This project is enabling groundbreaking experimental research by creating large-scale, demonstrably
* Denotes principal investigator.
61 IMPACT Run-Time Optimization Framework reduces instruction fetch bandwidth and power W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom consumption in loops. Compiler techniques are being [email protected] developed to coordinate intercluster data movement to Advanced Micro Devices; Microsoft Corp. eliminate many of the memory accesses required during the execution of media programs on conventional Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory architectures. Aggressive code specialization at compile time can achieve Multipass EPIC Microarchitecture significant performance gains, although it is typically W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, limited by risks of profile-dependence and code-explosion. S. J. Patel, N. Navarro Therefore, we are developing a framework for adaptive, [email protected] runtime optimization, allowing profiling and Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard specialization of code regions based on the current workload profile. Rather than solely focusing on Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory opportunities in relatively unoptimized applications, this It is well established that the in-order microarchitecture framework focuses on providing an efficient architecture used by EPIC processor such as Itanium can exploit the for targeting optimization of opportunities presented by compiler's proficiency in planning parallelism. However, even the most aggressively optimized code. Components the inability of this substrate to accommodate unexpected of these frameworks include efficient runtime optimization latencies, such as data cache misses, is its most vexing algorithms, techniques for identifying optimization weakness. To address this problem, we propose multipass candidates using nonintrusive profiling, and seamless pipelining, a new class of in-order microarchitectures in deployment of optimized code. which the processor pipeline defers execution of Java Run-Time Architecture instructions with unready operands for later processing, W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, H.-S. Kim thereby avoiding stalls. A first-generation design of this Hewlett-Packard technique delivers substantial performance improvements for applications with significant memory stalls. Future Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory generations promise to further enhance the performance This project focuses on enhancements needed to create while reducing complexity, area, and power. highly optimized native code for dynamic Java server Next-Generation EPIC Compiler Technology applications. This includes the construction of a next- W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S.-Z. Ueng, generation Java run-time prototype that offers a means of S. Ryoo, G. A. Kent, I. M. Steiner integration between dynamic code production and static [email protected] code reuse. Also included are a streamlined object model, Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard nonintrusive profiling, dynamic optimizations, reduced intermodule communication overhead, run-time Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory deployment of optimized code, improved memory We have demonstrated that IMPACT's aggressive use of management subsystem, and hardware enhancements to predication, speculation, and code replication in its support Java specific features. structural transformation approach can attain substantial Memory-Efficient EPIC Processors integer code performance increases over contemporary W.-M. Hwu,* N. P. Carter, H. Hunter, C.-W. Li compilers for Itanium2. Challenges and opportunities Semiconductor Research Corporation remain: sophisticated combinations of transformations required to expose desired levels of instruction-level Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory parallelism pose profile-dependence and stability issues. Researchers are developing an improved EPIC architecture Selective specialization, while not yet controlled with great that will provide the high performance required by precision, shows an ability to improve instruction caching upcoming embedded applications while significantly as well as ILP. Control and data speculation interact reducing power consumption and memory bandwidth nontrivially with optimizations and operating system requirements. This architecture divides the processing models. Finally, more sophisticated region selection and resources of the chip into four independent clusters, with optimization techniques promise increasingly efficient use each cluster having its own program-controllable data of wide EPIC resources. memory. A decoded instruction buffer in each cluster
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62 OpenIMPACT Compiler Release applications, programmatic logic analysis, data value W.-M. Hwu,* R. E. Kidd, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom analysis, and interthread escape analysis. Unnecessary [email protected] code and modules are eliminated. A new fundamental Gelato; Hewlett-Packard; National Science Foundation, model of the operating system functions, based on CCR 98-09404 microkernel concepts, is developed to systematically verify the correctness of each customized version. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Customization technologies are developed at the source This project aims to release the IMPACT research compiler and then at the binary level, with the long-term goal of as a general-purpose, open-source compiler for the IA64 handling commercial software. Potential benefits include Linux platform. The research compiler's features, such as rapid generation of software, smaller software footprints, predicated compilation, instruction-level parallelism reduced energy consumption, and higher performance. optimizations, compiler-engineered speculation, and Scalable Deep Program Analysis profile-based optimizations, as well as its extensible W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, research framework, will be retained. In addition, an easy- H.-S. Kim, S. Ryoo, N. Navarro, S. Lumetta to-use interface will be provided that will allow [email protected] OpenIMPACT to be used as a high-performance DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research alternative to traditional compilers. This project will be Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, released under the University of Illinois (UIUC/NCSA) Information Technology Research Open Source License. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Predicate Analysis and Predicate-Aware Dataflow Analysis Future breakthroughs in computer architecture, software W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias engineering, and trustworthy computing will rely on the Intel Corporation compiler to perform program analyses that are considered infeasible today. Deep program analysis refers to compile- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory time techniques that can derive important properties of the Efficient and accurate analysis of predicate relationships program execution accurately. Examples of deep analysis and predicate-aware dataflow analysis are essential to include value ranges that can be assumed by variables, effective optimization and scheduling of predicated code. realizable data flow through memory objects, and memory A predicate analysis engine must first quickly analyze the locations that can be accessed by program components. code at the function level to determine all relationships New scalable approaches to deep program analysis are among predicates. Then, it must store its findings in a being developed to enable their application to large, database that can accurately and efficiently answer queries complex software systems. about the relations among predicates. The first objective of Scalable, Accurate Interprocedural Pointer Analysis this project is to create a function-level, accurate, and W.-M. Hwu,* E. M. Nystrom, H.-S. Kim efficient predicate analysis engine. The second objective is [email protected] to create a predicate-aware dataflow analysis engine that is DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research both accurate and fast. Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, Rapid Customization of Systems Software Information Technology Research, CCR 98-09478 W.-M. Hwu,* J. N. Navarro, E. Nystrom, R. Barnes, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent, J. Player, J. Cours, D. Yang MARCO, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Pointer analysis is a critical foundation for virtually all (part of MARCO Center Soft Systems Thrust) advanced program analysis techniques. In a programming language like C that supports an explicit address operator, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory indirect calls, structures, heap allocation, and pointer The objective of the project is to develop compiler-based, casting, memory activity can easily be obscured. We deep program analysis that transcends the boundaries believe that highly accurate results and the ability to scale currently separating the application, the dynamically to large programs do not have to be mutually exclusive linked libraries, and the operating system. Code- goals. To this end, a pointer analysis framework has been specialization of library functions and operating system developed that provides an efficient representation for services is based on interprocedural analysis of achieving accurate results through novel mechanisms to
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63 deal with procedural side effects, global variables, heap Value Analysis Compilation Framework locations, and fields. W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias Intel Corp. Ubiquitous Instruction-Level Parallelism Architectures Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom, Analyzing the flow of values through program H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent computation provides many opportunities for improving Intel; Motorola, Inc.; Microsoft Corp.; National Science the performance of computer systems. This project has two Foundation, 98-09478 related objectives: the optimization of existing control flow Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory through value analysis and value speculation. Value flow analysis facilitates dead code elimination and control As instruction-level parallelism (ILP) architectures such as optimization. Value speculation refers to the execution of Intel IA-64 and TI C6x move into the mainstream of instructions before all source operand values have been computing, it has become critical to solve the technical determined. This can be done when instructions generate problems involved in making these architectures the same value for each execution, the same value for a appropriate for future embedded applications. The goal of high percentage of executions, or predictable values. this research is to develop new compiler, architecture, and Compilers can exploit these regularities through code microarchitecture concepts to drastically reduce the code specializations, collectively referred to as value size, data transfers, energy consumption, and die size of speculation. future ILP processors. New techniques will also be developed to further enhance the performance of future ILP Verification of Run-time Optimized Code microprocessors. W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, J. W. Sias, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, R. D. Barnes Ultra-efficient Giga-scale Computing Platform Hewlett-Packard Architecture W.-M. Hwu,* S. Lumetta, N. Navarro, D. Burke, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim, Executable programs are increasingly optimized and R. D. Barnes, H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, J. Player, modified in the field. Just-in-time compilation of Java I. Steiner programs is a well-known example of such run-time code [email protected] modification. The goal of this research is to overcome the DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research technical challenges involved in automatic verification of Center (GSRC); Advanced Micro Devices; Xilinx; IBM run-time optimized code. An interdisciplinary approach Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory that integrates program analysis algorithms and hardware test and verification techniques will be developed to cover This project seeks to achieve orders of magnitude of a wide variety of software defects. improvement in power efficiency in future computing platforms by systematically synthesizing and utilizing An Engineering Prototyping Environment for hardware accelerators in the forms of ASIP, ASIC, and Compiling C Program Components into Application- FPGA. This approach is motivated by the availability of Specific Logic immense numbers of transistors in future chips and the W.-M. Hwu,* D. R. Burke limitation of activating only a tiny fraction of them at any [email protected] given time. New system architectures allow seamless DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research integration of accelerators with processors containing Center (GSRC); Xilinx; IBM; Mentor Graphics extremely high-bandwidth, short-latency communication. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Advanced program analysis and transformation techniques convert traditional memory side-effect-based execution This project seeks to establish an engineering prototyping activities into explicit data flow, enabling extremely environment to enable research in ultra-efficient gigascale efficient direct hardware execution. computing platforms. In this environment, we are prototyping processor design, operating system support, compiler technology, synthesis paths, libraries, and device drivers needed in future heterogeneous software and logic systems. The first generation prototype is based on the
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64 Xilinx ML300 board, the Linux kernel, the Mentor security attacks; investigating measures and experimental Graphics ASAP tool chain, and the IMPACT compiler. procedures for benchmarking system reliability and The initial applications being prototyped are from the security; understanding potential inconsistencies in design driver applications of the MARCO Gigascale application and system implementation; and proposing Systems Research Center with emphasis on future home software and hardware intrusion detection and prevention entertainment applications. techniques. Application-Aware Trust: Providing Security and Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC): Reliable Reliability Systems Thrust R. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, W. Gu, K. Pattabiraman, Sun Microsystems G. Saggese, M. Gupta, N. Nakka [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Lab DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research The objective of this project is to develop a compiler-based Center (GSRC) approach for automatic program transformation to Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory generate runtime security checks for target software, including both applications and the operating system. Our Our focus is on designing hierarchical systems of hardware goal will be to provide a methodology and a framework for and software detection and recovery mechanisms to handle automatic analysis of applications to extract their security multiple and/or near coincident errors and to limit (or and reliability properties, convert the identified properties prevent) error propagation. We will explore a four-tiered into runtime checks and program the checks directly into approach to develop and integrate detection and recovery the hardware. By leveraging application properties in support at different levels of the system hierarchy. These hardware, the checks can, with low performance levels can be classified as embedded programmable overheads, selectively detect errors and attacks pertaining hardware support; operating system support; compiler to the application. support; and application support. Additional work will include updates to the ARMOR (adaptive reconfigurable Ensuring Safety and Security in Software Intensive mobile objects of reliability) software, NFTAPE, and the Aerospace Systems Reliability and Security Engine (RSE) project. R. Iyer,* N. Neogi The Boeing Company ITR: Methodologies and Tools for Designing and Implementing Large-Scale, Real-Time Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Lab R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, L. Wang, A. Khanna The goal of this research is to investigate and develop [email protected] technologies that allow for the verification and validation National Science Foundation, Information Technology of safety and security properties in aerospace systems Research Program, #0121658 (Subcontracted from throughout the requirements, modeling, design, Vanderbilt University) implementation, and testing product lifecycle phases. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Fault-Injection-Based Benchmarking The research proposed is to develop methodologies and R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, S. Chen, C. Basile tools for designing and implementing very large-scale, [email protected] real-time embedded computer systems that achieve Motorola, Inc. ultrahigh computational performance through use of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory parallel hardware architectures; achieve and maintain In this research, we propose to explore issues and functional integrity via distributed, hierarchical techniques for intrusion detection and intrusion tolerance monitoring and control; are required to be highly available; in networked environments. Specifically, we will focus on and are dynamically reconfigurable, maintainable, and analyzing data on security attacks to determine evolvable. The specific application that will drive this vulnerabilities exploited by attackers and to classify the research and provide a test platform for it is the trigger and attacks according to their causes; generating measurement- data acquisition system for BTeV, an accelerator-based based security attack models depicting the attack process; high-energy physics experiment to study matter-antimatter creating stochastic models that reflect behaviors of the asymmetries in the decays of particles containing the system in the presence of variable workloads, errors, and bottom quark.
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65 Processor Level Error Detection and Recovery A Compiler-Enabled Model and Measurement-Driven Techniques Adaptation Environment for Dependability and R. K. Iyer* Performance [email protected] R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, K. Pattabiraman Intel Research Council [email protected] National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 This research is aimed at providing hardware-level, low- latency error detection and recovery. To achieve this goal Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory we will develop and demonstrate hardware-implemented This proposal has the potential for innovation of new error detection and security mechanisms embedded as measurement-driven and compiler enabled early detection, modules in the hardware-level framework, which is making the task of detection and diagnosis of performance implemented as in integral part of a superscalar problems and operational faults more efficient. To build microprocessor. While the framework closely interacts detectors that can predict the likelihood of failures, we will with the processor pipeline, we do not propose to redesign use experimental system analysis to identify correlations the pipeline. Rather, the intent is to understand the pipeline between system behaviors and subsequent failure to the extent needed for defining a robust interface with occurrence. Our research will employ measurement data which we can demonstrate the operation and efficacy and their analysis, together with compiler analysis of (coverage) of the modules. The framework and its interface program behavior, to devise a methodology for data-driven with the pipeline are implemented in a reconfigurable discovery of early symptoms of errors, characterization of portion of the die along with the processor. Example system/application sensitivity to errors, and identification hardware modules we will explore include preemptive of locations to place new detectors and guide engineering control-flow checking, a process health monitor, of application-specific detectors. hardware-based checkpointing, and pointer-taintedness tracking. Future Communication Technology for Public Safety L. Liu,* J. P. Monks, W.-M. Hwu Quality of Distributed Control and Surveillance Motorola, Inc. R. K. Iyer,* N. Breems, M. Agarwal [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; In the next decade, the communications technology for Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University public safety officials will be revamped to take advantage Research Initiative, N000914-01-1-0576 of the capability of modern digital communication Conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory systems. It is, however, unlikely that current commercial digital communication schemes will be able to satisfy the The objective of this proposal is to create a scientific stringent requirement of constant connection, very low foundation for the distributed optimization problem of power, congestion control, and ease of use. The goal of this control and surveillance. The goal of our research is to project is to define the architecture of the public safety investigate fault-tolerant and secure communication in a digital communication systems via careful analysis of field wireless or wireline environment, (e.g. an ad-hoc sensor requirements and creation of new communication network). In our approach, we explore and prototype a protocols. An interdisciplinary approach is taken to transparent, high-availability framework for supporting integrate user behavior studies with core technology client-server applications operating over wireline or development. wireless networks, investigate issues and solutions (e.g. protocols) in supporting reliable and secure Assessment of Student Teams in an Engineering communications in wireless (e.g. sensor networks), and Course for Freshmen develop a remote vehicle testbed to investigate and test M. Loui,* B. Robbins real-time, secure, and fault-tolerant control. University of Illinois Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory ECE 110 is a large, required course for freshmen in electrical and computer engineering and for students in general engineering. We assessed the ECE 110 optional supervised study sessions, which implemented peer-led
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66 team learning. Students were assigned randomly to Reliable, Efficient Communication on a Fast Ethernet learning teams, which were led by peer students who had Cluster previously taken ECE 110. In the sessions, the learning S. Lumetta,* J. Joh teams worked on difficult problems selected from University of Illinois, Campus Research Board examinations given in previous semesters. Students who Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory regularly attended the sessions reported cognitive and social benefits. They earned significantly higher scores on Networks of workstations (NOWs) have proven to be an the final examination, after controlling statistically for inexpensive yet effective alternative to vendor-packaged ACT-Math scores. parallel architectures. The performance of NOW's running on Fast Ethernet is often limited by TCP/IP communication Role-Play Scenarios for Teaching Responsible Conduct overhead between the nodes in NOWs. Researchers are of Research developing a new, lightweight, reliable communication M. Loui,* C. K. Gunsalus,* B. Brummel, K. Kristich protocol incorporating ideas of user-level communication, National Science Foundation, ERC-0628814 lightweight flow control, and multiple network interfaces Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory per connection. The protocol supports the large body of existing parallel applications written to the Message We are developing and assessing role-play scenarios to Passing Interface standard. Researchers will evaluate the teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research effectiveness of their design in terms of the performance to graduate students in science and engineering. Because of these applications when using their protocol. few previous studies have carefully assessed the effectiveness of role-play in teaching ethics, we are Survivability and Reliability in Direct Access Networks conducting a systematic assessment of role-play, using S. Lumetta,* L. Li multiple methods, in multiple departments. We have Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, conducted formative assessments of role-play scenarios in MDA972-99-1-0005 several departments, using survey and focus group Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory methods. Researchers are developing routing and recovery protocols Capacity Versus Robustness: A Tradeoff for to provide reliable connectivity in direct access optical Restoration in Mesh Networks networks (DANs). DANs decouple access from routing, S. Lumetta,* S. Kim allowing new users to access to the network without Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, incurring the high cost of an optical switch. Through this MDA972-99-1-0005 decoupling, researchers enable more cost-effective and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory reliable network expansion. Direct access also simplifies the models of ownership by reducing the depth of the Researchers are investigating capacity-efficient recovery ownership hierarchy and the number of potential security methods in high-speed networks. The team recently hazards and points of failure for a connection. Finally, demonstrated an extension of generalized loopback that DANs allow network providers to offer a wider variety of operates on a subgraph of the full backup graph in an bandwidth and reliability options. existing network. The backup capacity on remaining links can then be used to carry unprotected traffic, while all An Adaptive, High-Performance Software primary fibers retain failure protection. The results Infrastructure for Hierarchical Systems demonstrate robustness comparable or superior to that S. Lumetta* available with covers of rings while providing an additional National Science Foundation, CISE/ACIR Career Award unprotected traffic capacity of roughly 20% of the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory network's primary capacity. Machines with deep memories now dominate supercomputing and provide most enterprise-level computing, making the successful development of a general-purpose approach to such platforms imperative. Researchers are developing a high-performance infrastructure for these systems through the construction of four key components: a virtual machine that abstracts
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67 resource allocation and management issues into a simple MLS Computing Platform Based on COTS and Open interface; a hierarchy-aware run-time system that offers the Source Technology illusion of a nonhierarchical system by adapting to the D. Nicol,* W. H. Sanders current hierarchical virtual machine; language constructs Rockwell Collins RPS #3 4502607308 and dynamic compiler support to tune application Conducted in the Information Trust Institute behavior; and applications that demonstrate the value of the framework. This project is developing a multilevel security-computing platform based on COTS and open source technology. The Assessable Identity and Privacy Protection: End-to- work began with an investigation into the available and End Assessment of Identity and Privacy Protection emerging technologies developed to support separation, D. Nicol,* C. Gunter, W. H. Sanders security, and assured computing, and proceeded to Department of Homeland Security through the Institute for identification of any gaps in the available technology Information Infrastructure Protection (I3P) components that would preclude the development of a #5-36428.5730 high-assurance MLS computing platform including I/O Conducted in the Information Trust Institute capabilities. The project is also developing candidate architectures based on COTS and open source technology This effort has three main objectives: to develop a components. The project will conclude with an information methodology for end-to-end assessment of systems that flow demonstration that shows the feasibility of one of the provide identity management; to demonstrate adaptive most promising candidate architectures. credentialing, in the context of a secure medical messaging application; and to demonstrate the assessment Modeling and Analysis for Network Security methodology, on systems to include the medical messaging Assessment system and an emergency response credentialing system D. M. Nicol* being built at the University of Illinois at Urbana- [email protected] Champaign and deployed by the Illinois Counter- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Terrorism Task Force. Providing a proof-of-concept in Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory assessable credentialing systems will motivate the identity management interest community to work toward We are developing simulation-based tools and technology assessable designs. This will ultimately raise the level of to help a network analyst assess the impact of hypothetical confidence in systems as they are deployed. attacks in a network, the effectiveness of defenses and countermeasures, and the quantified ability to continue Immersive Network Simulation Testbed operations in the face of a network attack. The result of our D. M. Nicol* work will better enable network administrators and [email protected] designers to protect their systems, and to quantify the cost, U.S. Department of Homeland Security risk, and functionality tradeoffs inherent in network Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory defense. We are developing a network simulator for use in exercises Policy Assessment and Verification in Survivable by organizations interested in practicing their response to Process Control Systems attacks on their IT infrastructure. The simulator uses high D. Nicol,* W. H. Sanders performance modeling and execution techniques, runs in Department of Homeland Security through the Institute for real-time, and supports user interaction with simulated Information Infrastructure Protection (I3P) devices using emulation to provide a transparent veneer. A #5-36425.5780 key goal is to use the simulator to automatically produce Conducted in the Information Trust Institute exercise "injects" that prompt players to react to simulated events. The security of process control systems is largely a function of the security policies that are implemented within them. However, there are different policies that apply to network access, to processes in computer hosts, and to users. The interaction of these policies is difficult to understand, and gaps in security coverage may occur as a result. The objective of this project is to provide
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68 methodologies and tools to aid PCS operators in the Algorithms for Quantifying Security and Survivability assessment and validation of the security policies used to W. H. Sanders,* D. M. Nicol protect their systems. Boeing Survivable Trust for Critical Infrastructure Conducted in the Information Trust Institute D. M. Nicol* This project is developing a method to probabilistically [email protected] quantify the security and survivability of practical systems. National Science Foundation The method must guide the design process by quantifying Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory the differences between design alternatives, and by quantifying the quality of a particular design or We are exploring the design of a distributed trust backbone, implementation. The work will result in a comprehensive based on computational nodes that provide hardened methodology for quantifying the security and survivability attestation for their hardware and software identities, of networked information systems that integrate modeling, organized as a peer-to-peer network. We are focusing on measurement, and attack injection. application of this technology to security applications in IT management of critical infrastructure systems, such as CT-CS: Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the SCADA. Power Grid W. H. Sanders,* D. E. Bakken, A. Bose, R. Campbell, Measurement of Transient Errors in Microprocessors T. Courtney, G. Gross, C. A. Gunter, C. Hauser, J. Patel,* K. Wells, H. Kommaraju H. Khurana, R. K. Iyer, Z. T. Kalbarczyk, K. Nahrstedt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory D. M. Nicol, T. J. Overbye, P. W. Sauer, S. W. Smith, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. J. Thomas, V. Welch, M. Winslett, R. Zimmerman This research addresses the measurement of error rates in National Science Foundation, #CNS-0524695 commercial microprocessors. Microprocessors are core Conducted in the Information Trust Institute computing engines in the NASA Remote Exploration and The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid Experimentation Project (REE). One serious problem is (TCIP) NSF Cyber Trust Center was created to address the single-event upsets due to high intensity radiation in outer challenge of how to protect the nation’s power grid. It will space. Knowledge of these error rates is essential in the significantly improve the way the power grid cyber design of the highly fault-tolerant REE computing systems. infrastructure is built, making it more secure, reliable, and The measurement of these error rates is the focus of the safe. TCIP is working to provide the fundamental science proposed research. The research will generate software and technology needed to create an intelligent, adaptive tools that are capable of measuring and characterizing any power grid that can survive malicious adversaries, provide errors in microprocessors. continuous delivery of power, and support dynamically VLSI Test varying trust requirements. We will do so by creating the J. Patel,* A. Pandey necessary cyber building blocks and architecture, and by Semiconductor Research Corp. creating validation technology to quantify the amount of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory trust provided by the proposed approach. The cost of test application of a single chip grows as a NGS: A Compiler-Enabled Model- and Measurement- function of the number of clock cycles and/or number of Driven Adaptation Environment for Dependability and storage bits required to test a chip. As a result, test Performance application time and test data volume have become serious W. H. Sanders,* V. S. Adve, M. Hiltunen, R. K. Iyer, problems in testing of system-on-chip designs. In this R. L. Plante, R. D. Schlichting research, new scan and BIST organizations are being National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 devised that reduce not just data volume but also test time Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and associated hardware. Hybrid DFT techniques that Next-generation parallel and distributed computing must combine BIST with deterministic scan vectors are also be dependable and have predictable performance in order being investigated. to meet the requirements of increasingly complex scientific and commercial applications. This research will result in the production and distribution of a practical, integrated
* Denotes principal investigator.
69 compiler and middleware system that uses online models redundancy control and for networks without priority and measurement techniques to achieve performance and transmissions. Empirical tests on the Internet show that dependability in a scalable manner under a wide variety of packet losses are bursty with small burst lengths. Statistics changing conditions. The techniques we develop could also shows that two descriptions in MDC are adequate in ultimately impact many diverse and critical applications, most situations, whereas four descriptions will allow us to including those in the electric power distribution, control unrecoverable losses under 8% in the worst site aerospace, healthcare, and financial services sectors. measured. Our research results in efficient MDC algorithms that are input independent, without requiring Efficient Algorithms for Temporal Planning under run-time adaptation of the algorithms to new inputs. Nonlinear Constraints B. W. Wah,* C.-W. Hsu, F. Li, M. Qian Stochastic Anytime Search with Applications in [email protected] Autonomous Planning and Scheduling National Science Foundation, NSF 03-12084 B. W. Wah,* Y. Chen, M. Richards [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA This research involves the development of formal NCC2-1230 mathematical conditions for reducing the search space of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory planning problems and the demonstration of performance improvements in search engines of planner and other This research entails the development of a theory and its discrete searches. By formulating temporal planning associated derivative-free search algorithms in order to problems as dynamic optimization problems with dynamic solve constrained nonlinear programming problems variables that evolve over time, this research finds new (NSPs) with discrete, continuous, or mixed-integer node-dominance conditions by developing the necessary variables. Our secondary goal is to apply the algorithms and sufficient conditions for local optimality. By developed in autonomous control and planning in NASA partitioning the search into stages and by finding only applications. The research characterizes constrained local dominating states in each stage using the conditions minima in NLPs by necessary and sufficient conditions on developed, the search for feasible or optimal plans can be points in the unconstrained penalty function, develops restricted to a much smaller subspace in each stage. stochastic anytime search algorithms that generate solutions of improved quality when given more time and Loss Concealment for Real-Time Multimedia over IP computational resources, and applies the search algorithms Networks to solve problems in autonomous control and planning. B. W. Wah,* D. Lin, X. Su, H. Yu [email protected] Streaming Audio and Video Data with Motorola Communication Center Transformation-Based Error Concealment B. W. Wah,* B. Sat, H. Yu Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] This research entails the design of effective multiple- Motorola Center for Communications, University of description coding (MDC) algorithms at senders of IP Illinois networks, like the Internet, that take into account the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory reconstruction method used at receivers for concealing lost packets, in order to deliver audio and video data packets This research is on the design of protocols and coding over these networks in real time with high quality (both methods for the concealment of errors that occur during subjectively as well as objectively). Loss concealment of real-time transmissions of audio and video data over compressed multimedia data is essential because many unreliable IP networks, such as the Internet and wireless coding algorithms remove temporal differences in order to networks. Since video and audio transmissions may achieve high coding efficiency, thereby introducing a tolerate some degree of loss, this research analyzes pervasive dependency structure into the bit stream. As a schemes that involve trade-offs in their real-time result, losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals will requirements and tolerance to loss. By studying proper result in the loss of subsequent dependent frames, leading coding of transmitted data, protocols to schedule to audio or visual artifacts that can be long lasting and transmissions and feedbacks, and reconstruction schemes annoying. We have chosen MDC because it is effective for to recover lost data, the results developed can be applied concealing losses in transmissions without explicit
* Denotes principal investigator.
70 to emerging multimedia-ready 3G and 4G cellular Development of Concept Inventories for Computer networks. Science C. Zilles,* C. Heeren,* K. Goldman,* L. Kaczmarczyk,* Helmet Integrated Nanosensors, Signal processing and M. Loui,* P. Gross, G. Herman Wireless Real Time Data Communication for National Science Foundation, DUE-0618589 Monitoring Blast Exposure to Battlefield Personnel K. Watkin (Speech & Hearing Sci.), R. K. Iyer,* Conducted in the Department of Computer Science and in W. Sanders, M. Spong, J. Patel the Coordinated Science Laboratory Department of Defense We are developing concept inventories for three Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory introductory computer science subjects: discrete mathematics, digital logic, and programming In this project we will develop and test a modified fundamentals. Modeled after the successful Force Concept battlefield helmet integrated with smart nanotechnology Inventory that was developed to assess student learning of sensors to record and analyze in real time the oxygen Newtonian physics, our concept inventories will test saturation, cortical EEG, pressure, acceleration, and vital understanding of key computer science concepts in a signs, using a small footprint, low power consumption, manner that enables reliable comparisons between courses ARM-based system embedded within the helmet straps at different universities. We conducted a Delphi process to and head band. Levels of blast injury algorithms (LBIAs) determine the topics in each of the three subjects that will be developed based upon physiological data on pre- experts rated as most important and most difficult for and post-blast exposure to the brain. Using wireless students. communication, the data recorded before and after blast exposure will be uploadable using small, cell-phone-like devices by first responders for an injury status and ported Remote Sensing to remote locations prior to injured personnel movement to medical team facilities. Our novel approach focuses CAREER: Multi-Technique Study of Ionospheric directly on helmet-based recording and on real time, Irregularities at Mid-Latitudes transparent, highly reliable algorithms that predict the LBI J. J. Makela* and simultaneously provide vital information profiles. National Science Foundation Integrating magnitude of blast with predictive algorithms Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory regarding the level of blast injury would provide early predictors of soldier status. Two clusters of instrumentation consisting of a wide-field ionospheric imaging system, a dual-frequency GPS CSR-PDOS: Improving System Reliability via Delta receiver, and a single-frequency GPS scintillation monitor Execution will be deployed to the Caribbean as part of the proposed Y. Y. Zhou,* D. Marinov, W. H. Sanders, C. Zilles research. The deployed instruments, in conjunction with National Science Foundation #CNS 06-15372 other instruments in the region (especially those at the Conducted in the Information Trust Institute Arecibo Observatory), will allow us to address questions as to the evolution and effects of ionospheric irregularities Various reliability assurance tasks perform MARE at mid-latitudes. (multiple almost-redundant executions). This project is pursuing an innovative route via delta execution to making Coordinate Imaging and Scintillation Study of the MARE more efficient without requiring extra resources. Conjugate Nature of Equatorial Plasma Irregularities The work will dramatically increase software reliability J. J. Makela,* B. M. Ledvina because it enables efficient online validation of software National Science Foundation patches against realistic live workloads before deployment Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory in production systems; it will reduce the number of administrative configuration errors by providing an A suite of instruments will be fielded at two astronomical efficient way to validate reconfiguration online; it will sites in South America: Neiva, Colombia and Cerro Tololo, improve software robustness by improving testing; and it Chile. The instruments, including an ionospheric imaging will increase software dependability by enabling efficient system and GPS L1 scintillation monitors, will operate partial replication-based fault detection and recovery. autonomously over the duration of the proposal. The data collected will be analyzed with other datasets in the region
* Denotes principal investigator.
71 when available to gain a broader understanding of how the Advanced Solid-State Lidar for the Scott-Admundsen local data fit into the physics of the entire magnetic flux South Pole Station tube. The data are to be analyzed jointly both between the G. C. Papen,* C. S. Gardner* different types of instruments and at the different locations. National Science Foundation, OPP 92-19898 DPP Studies of Ionospheric Plasma Structuring at Low Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Latitudes from Space and Ground, their Modeling and Current models of ozone depletion over the Antarctic Relationship to Scintillations predict that some of the major chemical mechanisms occur J. J. Makela* on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). In Naval Research Laboratory addition, the energy-coupling mechanisms from the lower Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory to the upper atmosphere over the Antarctic are not well understood. Researchers are deploying an advanced lidar This project combines observations and modeling of the system at the South Pole that is capable of measuring low-latitude nighttime ionosphere to come to a better characteristics of the morphology of the PSCs. They will physical understanding of the factors that contribute to the also measure upper atmospheric wave activity using Na as day-to-day variability of the development of equatorial a tracer. irregularities. The observations to be used come from the global ultraviolet imager (GUVI) on NASA's Consortium Resonance Lidar for Mesospheric Studies thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere, electrodynamics G. Swenson,* A. Liu (TIMED) satellite and the portable ionospheric camera and National Science Foundation ATM 05-45704 small-scale observatory (PICASSO) imager, to be Conducted in the Coordinated Sciences Laboratory deployed in Colombia. The data collected by GUVI will be compared to the SAMI3 model to determine the A University of Illinois Sodium wind/temperature lidar has conditions that favor irregularity development. been developed and modified to make improved measurements of Doppler winds and temperature in the African Studies of the Equatorial Thermosphere- 80-100km mesospheric region of the atmosphere. The Ionosphere System with a Remote Equatorial system is planned for integration into a new facility at Nighttime Observatory for Ionospheric Regions Cerro Pachon, Chile, for summer 2008 for long-term (RENOIR) studies of the upper atmosphere with lidar and airglow J. W. Meriwether,* J. J. Makela imagers. The focus of the studies is the investigation of NASA and Clemson University atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) and tidal effects in the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory upper atmosphere. In conjunction with the International Heliospherical Year Imaging Studies of Mesospheric Gravity Waves (IHY), we will deploy a suite of instrumentation G. R. Swenson,* A. Liu comprising a remote equatorial nighttime observatory for National Science Foundation, ATM 00-03180 ionospheric regions (RENOIR). The station consists of a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory single wide-field imaging system, two Fabry-Perot interferometers, a dual-frequency GPS receiver, and an Small-scale waves propagate from the lower atmospheric array of single-frequency GPS scintillation monitors. convection and mountain driven sources to the upper When installed in Cape Verde, the RENOIR station will atmosphere. Existing chemiluminescence produces provide an unprecedented view of the nighttime airglows, which are perturbed by the waves. Airglow ionosphere/thermosphere system. We hope to come to a imagers observe the perturbations and the horizontal better understanding of the variability in the nighttime wavelength, and amplitude of the waves is measured. The ionosphere and the effects this variability has on critical waves carry momentum and energy, which can interact satellite navigation and communication systems. with the large-scale dynamics to cause major dynamic effects. Observations are being made at Socorro, New Mexico, and have been at Maui, Hawaii, where the University of Illinois lidar has made complementary measurements. Signal processing is accomplished to extract the intrinsic wave parameters and power and spectral characteristics of the horizontal wave structure.
* Denotes principal investigator.
72 peak power, are determined by the capabilities of the test Semiconductor Lasers receiver and the design of the EOSS+ unit itself. The purpose of this program is to provide for the fabrication of 1065 and 1040 nm DBR Laser Diodes a custom-built diode grown from a novel substrate J. J. Coleman* designed to meet specification. HRL Laboratories High Brightness Laser Diodes Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. J. Coleman* Narrow linewidth, tunable semiconductor lasers are of Nuvonyx, Inc. interest to a variety of applications, including fiber optic Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory communication systems, optical generation of microwave radiation, remote optical sensing, and molecular The objective of this program is to address several issues spectroscopy. Various configurations of tunable lasers related to the MOCVD growth and characterization of have been analyzed, and a two- or three-section distributed InGaAs-GaAs strained layer lasers in the range of 920 nm feedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser to 1080 nm for high brightness applications. This approach is often the choice. The goal of these programs is to develop will be to develop a real index guided laser with integrated narrow linewidth, single longitudinal mode, strained layer beam expanders and other active and passive optics formed InGaAs DBR laser diodes operating near 1065 and 1040 by selective area epitaxy. Present narrow stripe nm for remote sensing applications. semiconductor lasers are generally limited to less than 200 mW of fundamental mode output power, because of the Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources for narrow aperture. If the beam can be expanded while Remote-Sensing Applications retaining fundamental mode operation, then the operating J. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen* power can be correspondingly increased. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 1-1861 Narrow Linewidth, Multiple Wavelength, Simultaneous-Emission Laser Diodes for Remote Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Optical Sensing and Other Applications Several outstanding technical issues for narrowband J. J. Coleman* systems, such as water vapor DIAL lidars, must be resolved National Science Foundation, ECS 9900258 before solid-state, laser-based remote-sensing systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory have widespread use. One issue is the development of cw local oscillators (LOs) based on semiconductor laser diode The proposal describes a program to develop technology for use as injection seeders, which has not been multiwavelength, simultaneous-emission lasers based on a fully realized because of the severe linewidth, tunability, ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector and stability requirements of narrowband systems. This semiconductor laser. The specific example of an project will develop novel semiconductor devices application that defines the need of such lasers is the specifically for use as tunable LO sources for narrowband differential absorption, remote optical sensing of water water vapor DIAL systems operating in the 940 nm region. vapor. A multiwavelength source with closely spaced Researchers will focus on a novel ridge-waveguide, narrow laser lines would be useful to obtain the detailed distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, which has significant absorption profile without having to turn the laser on and performance improvements for optical remote-sensing off the absorption peak as is practiced currently. This applications relative to conventional Fabry-Perot or program is designed to study and develop a simple multiple distributed-feedback lasers. wavelength source suitable for these kinds of applications. EOSS+ Laser Diode Substrate Semiconductor Laser Transmitters for Integrated J. J. Coleman* Optical Interconnects Northrop Grumman Corp. J. J. Coleman* National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The electro-optic test station known as the EOSS+ is designed to support the testing of laser platforms at 1.064 This program involves development of semiconductor mm through the use of a laser diode source. The lasers suitable for use in integrated optoelectronics. There characteristics of this diode, such as center wavelength and are a number of key technical issues to be addressed in this
* Denotes principal investigator.
73 program, including the development of etched facet Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, and structures, distributed feedback and distributed Bragg Defects in III-V Semiconductors reflector grating structures, monolithic space division K. Hess,* S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin, Y. Li, W. Philipp multiplexing arrays designed for fiber coupling, selective [email protected] epitaxy for wavelength division multiplexing arrays and U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470 for multielement integration, master oscillator-power Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory amplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency stabilization, and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-to- The nanostructure related research is focused on electronic serial packet encoders. properties of carbon nanotubes. We are particularly interested in metal-semiconductor transitions of these Naturally Nanostructured Epitaxial Semiconductors tubes due to a perturbation of the symmetry. We have J. M. Gibson,* D. G. Cahill, J. E. Greene, shown that this transition can give rise to transistor function A. M. Zangwill, J. J. Coleman (a metallic field effect transistor). Work on topics in National Science Foundation, DMR 9705440 quantum information, particularly the Theorem of Bell, is Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory also in progress. This FRG/GOALI proposal addresses basic materials High Field Transport of Free Carriers at Interfaces science and engineering issues in a collaborative program K. Hess,* F. Register between the University of Illinois and Hewlett-Packard [email protected] Laboratories to understand fundamental phenomena and U.S. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099 interactions associated with naturally nanostructured Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory epitaxial semiconductors. Goals of the project are to obtain semiconductor epitaxial nanostructures smaller than In this research, we are studying the ultimate limitations of feasible via lithography and to examine their applications electronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds, to novel devices. Strain-induced self-organization and including superlattices and the corresponding potential for kinetically driven pattern formation are two approaches new devices, as well as the advantages of including being taken to achieve naturally nanostructured materials. heterolayers in conventional devices. The theoretical approach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicit solutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are also Semiconductor Physics developing a new algorithm to solve problems of quantum transport. Concurrent Electro-Thermal Modeling of Ultra-Scaled MOS Technologies Network of Computational Nanotechnology Z. Aksamija, U. Ravaioli* K. Hess,* S. Hu, S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, SBC PU 501-1045-01 National Science Foundation, CCR-01-21616 This is an interdisciplinary collaborative project with Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. The goals and Technology are to couple Monte Carlo device simulation of nanoscale This work is part of a Multi-University National Science devices with detailed phonon transport simulation, to Foundation Center. The main goal of our work is the understand thermal effects in ultrascaled integrated simulation of tubular nanostructures. We investigate both devices, and to formulate device design strategies to nanostructures of biology, such as biological ion channels, minimize heat generation. as well as nanostructures related to solid state electronics, such as carbon nanotubes. The tools of the investigation are based on and developed by methods of computational electronics (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations).
* Denotes principal investigator.
74 3-D Self-Consistent Simulation of Quantum Dot Spin Interactive Tools for Nanotechnology Education Transistors of Quantum Information Processing U. Ravaioli,* R. Braatz,* H.-S. Hahm J. P. Leburton,* M. Lu [email protected] [email protected] NSF National Science Center for Learning and Teaching Semiconductor Research Corporation, 2003-NJ-1045 Nanoscale Science and Engineering Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science This project involves a multidisciplinary, multi-university and Technology team involving Northwestern University (lead institution), University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois at This research concentrates on developing 3-D self- Urbana-Champaign, Purdue University, and University of consistent computer tools for realistic simulation of spin Michigan. One of the goals is to pursue research in operation in silicon quantum dot spin effects transistors in education addressing the introduction of nanotechnology order to assess their feasibility and viability for concepts at various school levels, from middle school to applications in quantum information processing. We undergraduate programs. Our group is developing consider Si FET-device configurations similar to Kane's interactive simulation and visualization tools to explore proposal to achieve a C-NOT gate. Our purpose is to obtain new ways to introduce advanced concepts in the curricula. a coherent 3-D picture of the interdependence among physical parameters and device considerations for spin- Simulation of Charge Transport in Ionic Channels qubit operations, and to provide design rules for optimizing U. Ravaioli,* T. A. Van der Straaten, G. A. Kathawala, the device. Y. Li [email protected] Scalable Spin-Qubit Circuits with Quantum Dots NSF Network for Computational Nanotechnology J. P. Leburton,* D. Melnikov, J. Kim, L. Zhang [email protected] The well developed tools of computational electronics Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuIST have been adapted to simulate ion transport in biological program, DAAD19-01-1-0659 channels, treated as nanoscale natural devices. Continuum (drift-diffusion) and particle (Transport Monte Carlo) Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science simulation approaches have been developed where and Technology interaction with the aqueous environment is resolved in This research is aimed at achieving a scalable elementary terms of mobility or scattering rate. The goal of this work spin-qubit circuit for quantum computing that is based on is to provide a scalable input-output description of natural the manipulation of electron spins in coupled III-V nanopores for uses in bioelectronic sensor design. semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We take advantage of Artificial or biomimetic nanopores are also investigated the advanced technology for planar and lateral QDs with similar simulation tools, for the design of artificial AlGAs/GaAs heterostructures and the fact that the electron membranes incorporating features of biological ones. effective mass is small, which eases the conditions for Simulation of Electro-Thermal Processes in MEMS quantum confinement. Moreover, III-V materials enjoy and NEMS Structures long spin coherence times, which is of utmost importance U. Ravaioli,* P. Martin, Z. Aksamija for preserving quantum information over many qubit [email protected] operations. For this purpose, we have assembled an DARPA IMPACT Center for Advancement of MEMS/ international research team involving the University of NEMS VLSI Basel, the University of Delft, Harvard University, Princeton University, and Tokyo University. Team Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems have members have complementary expertise in the physics of reliability problems that are not easily addressed by trial- quantum computation and spintronics in nanostructures. and-error experimental procedures. An attractive These areas of expertise are fully integrated into a coherent alternative is to develop multiscale multiphysics models to and interactive effort, leading to the realization of an simulate and optimize structures but this is a very elementary qubit circuit. challenging multidisciplinary effort. In this project, we study the coupling between thermal and electrical processes to capture some of the essential failure mechanisms in MEMS/NEMS and consider the heterogeneous system, including metals, oxide, and semiconductor materials.
* Denotes principal investigator.
75 Simulation of Nanoscale Biological and Biomimetic Systems Semiconductors U. Ravaioli,* R. Toghraee Ge-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical and [email protected] Electronic Properties, Structural Transformations, NIH Nanomedicine Center for the Design of Biomimetic and Fabrication of Nanostructures Nanoconductors S. G. Bishop,* B.-S. Lee, J. R. Abelson Simulation of ion charge transport in membranes is studied [email protected] using various engineering simulation approaches, National Science Foundation, DMR-0412939 including continuum and particle models, to develop Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory design methodologies for nanoscale systems. Physical approaches like classical and quantum molecular dynamics The properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys and the rapid are relied on to provide first-principle calibration of amorphous-crystalline phase change that they exhibit are transport parameter for the engineering reduced order being investigated using ellipsometry, optical absorption models. The goal of this multidisciplinary project is to and reflection spectroscopy, photoconductivity, create a software infrastructure to support the future design photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, Hall effect, of biomimetic components for a variety of applications in high resolution TEM, and fluctuation electron microscopy. nanomedicine, including implantable self-sustaining Specific problems include: optical, electronic, and power sources and artificial organs. structural characterization of sputtered thin films of the materials; the effects of composition, conditions of The Science and Technology of Nano/Molecular synthesis, thermal annealing, and optical or e-beam Electronics: Theory, Simulation, and Experimental irradiation on their properties; detection and Characterization characterization of nano-crystallites in the amorphous U. Ravaioli,* R. Ravishankar, Z. Yang phase and their role in the phase change mechanism; and [email protected] the spatial limits/resolution of the phase change, aimed at Defense University Research Initiative on fabricating quantum structures. Nanotechnology, U.S. Army Research Office, SIT 527826-08 Photoluminescence Studies of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Rare Earth-Doped Semiconductor Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Materials and Technology S. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, J. J. Coleman This project is part of a DURINT multi-university effort, University of Illinois with Stevens Institute of Technology as lead institution. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The specific goals of this subcontract are to develop nanelectronics simulation tools to understand the ultimate This research program applies photoluminescence (PL), limits of silicon technology and explore new device photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time resolved concepts based on quantum effects. The emphasis of the PL, and PL imaging to the characterization of defects and work is on 3-D simulation and high performance parallel impurities in bulk and epitaxial semiconductor materials, computing, using nonequilibrium Green's function and and the composition, doping, thickness, interfaces, Monte Carlo simulation approaches. uniformity, and quantum confinement effects in semiconductor nanostructures. Rare earth-doped semiconducting glasses and rare earth implanted GaN are being developed as sources of near- and mid-IR radiation. Excitation of the intra-4f shell emission from rare earth dopants (e.g. Er3+, Pr3+, Dy3+) in chalcogenide glasses by broad band optical absorption in the Urbach edge of the host glass is under investigation as a novel optical pumping mechanism.
* Denotes principal investigator.
76 High Quantum Efficiency Infrared Photodetector GaAs-Based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures Arrays Based on Nanowire Heterostructures K -Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* Y. C. Chang* (Physics), K.-Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* [email protected] [email protected] Agere Systems National Reconnaissance Office, NRC000-05-C-0023 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this research program is to develop oxide The goal of this project is to developed high quantum- deposition techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-based efficiency, high color-contrast multi-wavelength quantum metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors wire infrared photodetector (QWRIP) arrays. The QWRIP (MOSFETs). Various oxides, including SiO2, Al2O3, uses a self-assembly approach to create high-density Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in an nanoscale quantum wire structures that provide the basis ultrahigh vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to form MOS for high quantum efficiency infrared detection. The structures. Researchers will characterize their structural, QWRIP combines the best features of the quantum well optical, and chemical properties through transmission infrared photodetector (QWIP) and quantum dot infrared electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, photodetector (QDIP) to offer normal incidence and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively, to improve absorption, high quantum efficiency, and adjustable the oxide deposition process. infrared absorption from 8 to 40 μm. Unique polarization sensitive absorption properties of quantum wires enable Ultra-High-Speed Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors two distinct quantum wire infrared detection layers (or a K.-Y. Cheng* quantum wire layer and a quantum well layer) with [email protected] different spectral responses to be monolithically integrated Semiconductor Research Corporation, SRC-2001-NJ-946 without interference, yielding excellent color contrast. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies The goal of this research is to develop viable techniques for Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems (HUNT Center) that allow demonstration of Inp-based HBTs with K.-Y. Cheng,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* fT>400GHz for insertion into the ultra-high-speed (>100 K. C. Hsieh, R. D. Dupuis* (Georgia Tech Univ.), GHz) circuits. V. Narayanamurti* (Harvard Univ.), W. I. Wang* (Columbia Univ.) VCSEL and Smart Pixel Research for VLSI Photonic [email protected] Systems Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, University K.-Y. Cheng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* M. Feng,* Photonics Research Centers Program, K. C. Hsieh* HR0011-04-1-0034 [email protected] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory DAAG55-98-1-0303 The mission of the HUNT Center (Center of Hyper- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems) is the development of critical The purpose of this research is to develop technology technologies, including hyper-uniform nano-photonic related to VLSI photonic systems. The scope of the fabrication, high performance quantum dot vertical-cavity program ranges from basic materials research, to the surface-emitting lasers, and ultra-fast light-emitting fabrication of large-scale integrated circuits, to advanced transistor-based lasers for the realization of ultra-fast technologies for the integration of systems in (≥100Gb/s) optoelectronic interconnect systems. Center heterogeneous materials. Goals of the project include the programs encompass semiconductor nanoscale materials design, growth, fabrication, and testing of III-V growth, nano-patterning, nanoscale material analysis, semiconductor vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers; the nanostructure laser device design and fabrication, optical development of smart pixels, circuits for the detection of receiver design and fabrication, as well as high-speed optical signals, intelligent routing of the information, and optoelectronics integrated heterogeneously on a common re-emission of optical signals; and the development of semiconductor platform to perform ultra-fast optical techniques for the integration of heterogeneous materials. interface functions.
* Denotes principal investigator.
77 Materials Research for High-Performance adhesion properties, and so forth. The long-term goals will Optoelectronic Devices Employing III-V Compound include developing chip-scale photonic/electronic Semiconductor Native Oxide Layers integration methodologies for high-density 3-D N. Holonyak, Jr.* architectures. National Science Foundation, DMR-9612283 ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State Quantum Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Information Processing P. G. Kwiat,* A. J. Leggett, M. B. Salamon, J. R. Tucker, The primary thrust of this program is the growth and D. Van Harlingen characterization of heteroepitaxial materials employing National Science Foundation, EIA-01-21568 quantum wells, quantum dots, layer disordering, and native oxide device definition, e.g. buried apertures. This work is The core of this program is an exploration of three distinct focused on the development of better lasers, LEDs, and but related solid state technologies as candidates for transistor lasers. quantum information processing: single spins on individual P-donors in silicon, ferromagnetic particles in Surface Engineering for Compliant Epitaxy close proximity to a superconductor, and superconductor K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng,* I. Adesida phase electronics based on Josephson tunneling and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, SQUIDs. Supporting this effort will be a theory component F49620-98-1-0496 that addresses key issues concerning the evolution and Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory monitoring of quantum-entangled states and an The goal of this research is to realize dislocation-free and experimental study of qubit dynamics using the highly stress-relaxed lattice mismatched epitaxy growth of developed techniques of modern quantum optics. different compound semiconductors on various substrates Biologically Inspired Artificial Haircell Sensors across the whole wafer or on selected areas for device C. Liu,* D. L. Jones, F. Delcomyn integration applications. Our immediate goals include U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, fundamental understanding of the growth conditions F49620-01-1-0496 related to the formation of strained-modulated and defect- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory absorbing templates and the development of techniques to fully control the formation of strain-absorbing and This work is aimed at developing artificial haircell sensors deformable growth templates with an emphasis on that are inspired by biological haircell sensors. This work processing simplicity and system integrability. InP-based is focused on studying the fundamental principles of optoelectronic and microwave devices will be integrated neurological responses of haircells to develop selectively on surface-engineered GaAs substrates. micromachined devices that mimic the performance of biological entities. Wafer Bonding for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng CAD Design Tools for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA Communication Microsystems 972-00-1-0020 C. Liu,* M. Feng, S. M. Kang, E. Michielssen, J. Schutt-Ainé Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite- The goal of this research is to develop wafer-bonding CAD Program, F30602-97-0328 technologies for hybrid integrating mismatched device Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory structures for advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits. The potential applications include fabricating high- A mixed technology computer-aided design system is performance visible LEDs, vertical-cavity-surface- being developed for the cost effective design of wireless emitting lasers, resonant-cavity photodetectors, 2-D and 3- communication modules that will ultimately enable D photonic crystals, and high-performance semi-insulating networked distributed MEMS. The module, operating at wafer substrates. Our current efforts are focused on millimeter-wave frequencies, will allow direct interface developing high-efficient wafer-bonding strategy and between MEMS transducers and the free-space fundamental understanding of the hybrid interface electromagnetic radiation. MEMS components offer properties, including interface microstructures, electrical unique advantages for RF circuits. As an example, and optical characteristics, interface strain/stress and micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss and
* Denotes principal investigator.
78 higher isolation compared with conventional electronics developing artificial lateral line sensors for autonomous switching components. MEMS fabrication technology for underwater vehicles (AUV) that are useful for underwater silicon and composed semiconductor materials is being exploration, warfare, and security. The lateral line sensor studied in order to realize mechanical RF switches as well is a basic flow sensor for nearly all species of fish and many as high-gain antennas to validate results of the E-M amphibian animals. We will develop micromachined simulation. underwater flow sensors with artificial haircells, shear stress sensors based on thermal transfer, and pressure Efficient Computational Prototyping of Mixed sensors. Such sensors will be developed on a flexible Technology Microfluidic Components and Systems substrate suitable for underwater applications. C. Liu* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Integrated Sensitive Skin with Advanced Data Architecture Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory C. Liu,* N. Shanbhag, D. L. Jones The objective is to develop microfluid components National Science Foundation, IIS 00-80639 (including pumps and valves), materials (including Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory polymeric MEMS and biodegradable materials), and applications (including drug delivery systems). Microfluid An interdisciplinary team of researchers will develop circuits are on the scale of micrometer to millimeter; they microfabricated, multiple modality sensor skin with are used to transport biological and chemical materials. advanced data structure and signal processing algorithms. A flexible sensor skin that imitates biological tactile Integrated Biomimetic Sensors Using Artificial Hair sensors faces important challenges in terms of Cells microfabrication, materials, density of sensors, and C. Liu,* F. Delcomyn accompanying circuits. Prof. Liu and students will develop National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG advanced multimodal sensors with self-configuration 5-8781 capabilities. Prof. Shanbhag is developing energy efficient Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory signal processors, while Prof. Jones is interested in The main focus of this work is to develop prototype developing signal processing algorithms that are micromachined artificial haircell (AHC) sensors that can biologically inspired. be used as modular building blocks for a variety of sensors Mechanically Conformal and Electronically for sensing acceleration, flow rate, and tactile information. Reconfigurable Aperture (RECAP) Using Low- Integrated Capillary Microelectrode Arrays for Voltage MEMS and Flexible Membrane for Space- Studies of Olfactory Response Patterns in the Insect Based Radar Applications Brain C. Liu* C. Liu* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Controlled Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Biological Systems Program The objective is to develop micromachined antennas with Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory reconfigurible wavelength and directionality using This project aims to develop the first arrayed capillary micromachined switches. We are currently developing microelectrodes using integrated microfabrication micromachining processes based on polymeric materials technology and to demonstrate the enhanced capabilities to realize three-dimensional RF MEMS. for monitoring neurological behavior of insect olfactory CAREER: Biologically-Inspired Integrated Sensors systems. for Robotics Applications Integrated Sensing: Biomimetic Sensors for C. Liu* Autonomous Underwater Vehicles National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 CAR C. Liu,* G. Karniadakis, C. Chryssostomidis Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25S19 This CAREER award is aimed at imitating biological Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory haircell sensors that are widely used in the biological A team of researchers from the University of Illinois and world. The research is focused on developing the MIT Ocean Engineering Department join efforts in * Denotes principal investigator.
79 micromachined artificial haircell sensors for flow sensor Controlled Coupling of Donor Atom Wavefunctions in applications. Silicon J. Tucker,* J. Kline, S. Robinson, Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.) C. Liu* [email protected] National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 REU U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-00-1-0407 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this project is to selectively place PH3 This grant provides undergraduate students with molecules onto the hydrogen-terminated silicon surface opportunities to conduct advanced research projects in C. via STM lithography and overgrow them into the crystal Liu's research group. as phosphorous donors. If successful, this work could Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC): provide a means for constructing quantum computers Center for Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection based on control of ground-state wavefunctions on Technologies individual P-atom donors. Other potential applications C. Mirkin* (Northwestern Univ.), C. Liu, S. Sligar, include single-charge electronics, cellular automata, and G. Shartz, M. Ratman, M. Hersam, and others nanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Reproducible National Science Foundation, SBC NW 0830-520-N602 characteristics are made possible by the large ~5nm Bohr diameter for individual donor bound states, so that Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory coupling between nearest neighbors will be defined This is an NSEC center project in which more than 20 accurately if redistribution is limited to ~1nm or less during faculty members located at Northwestern University, the ultra-low-temperature overgrowth. University of Illinois, the University of Chicago, and others Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- are participating. The central objective of this center is to Based Quantum Computers develop integrated nanopatterning technologies. The J. Tucker,* M. Feng, Y. C. Chang, major thrusts in this project are nanopatterning techniques, T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.), R. R. Du (Univ. of Utah) optical chemical sensors, and microfluid platforms for U.S. Army Research Office, 42257-PH-QC biological detection. The C. Liu group works in the first and third areas. The goal of this multi-investigator program is to develop the basic fabrication and measurement technologies Parallel, Ultrafast Sub-100 Nanometer Dip-Pen needed to implement a silicon-based quantum computer. Nanolithography To do this, researchers must place individual phosphorous C. Mirkin, (Northwestern Univ.) C. Liu* donors into the silicon lattice with atomic precision, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army NW establish electrical control over wavefunction overlap 0650-300F245 between donor-pairs, and successfully detect spin states of Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory the resulting two-electron system by measuring the presence or absence of electronically-induced polarization. The Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) method is uniquely The research team does not propose working quantum capable of directly patterning chemicals onto substrates logic gates within this three-year project. If successful, with sub-100 nm spatial resolution. It is a powerful however, that goal will be undertaken in a follow-up technique for depositing materials for surface chemistry. program that incorporates SiGe overgrowth and patterning However, the DPN method typically relies on single probes of individual top-gates for each P-atom donor. and is serial in nature. In this work, we develop highly parallel arrayed DPN probes using micromachining techniques. Both passive and active probes are being developed. The active probes can be lifted individually. The actuation is based on thermal bimetallic bending or piezoelectric bending.
* Denotes principal investigator.
80 Audiovisual Speech Recognition in Automotive Signal and Image Processing Environment M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* T. S. Huang, S. Levinson Directional Multiresolution Image Processing: Theory, [email protected] Algorithms, and Applications Motorola, Inc. M. N. Do,* Y. Lu, J. Zhou, A. Cunha [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation (CAREER Award) Speech recognition in an automobile is typically performed Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory using a single microphone, often mounted in the sun-visor in front of the driver. With typical road noise, most This project seeks to develop new "true" two-dimensional recognizers generate too many errors for practical use. This representations that can deal more effectively with typical research project experiments with speech recognition images having smooth contours. The focus is on the using multimodal recordings acquired by a visor-mounted development of directional and multiresolution image array including eight microphones and four cameras. We expansions using nonseparable filter banks, in much the focus on accurate visual face tracking lip feature extraction same way that wavelets were constructed from filter banks. and robust audio noise cancellation. Our goal is to In essence, the proposed research pursues nonseparable demonstrate that error rate of a multichannel audiovisual extensions of wavelets and multiresolution techniques so recognizer is much lower than error rate of a standard that they can capture the directional information—an recognizer under automotive test conditions. important and unique feature of multidimensional signals. In parallel, newly developed image representations will be Landmark-Based Speech Recognition in Music and explored in a variety of applications, where substantial Speech Backgrounds improvements over current methods are expected. M. Hasegawa-Johnson* [email protected] Practical Compressed Sensing National Science Foundation, CISE 0132900 M. N. Do,* Y. Bresler [email protected] Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science National Science Foundation and Technology Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Human listeners are able to recognize speech based on dynamic portions of the signal, even if all static portions A recent breakthrough in mathematics under the name are masked by noise or by background music. This research compressed sensing shows that sparse or compressible seeks to develop mathematical models capable of finite length discrete signals can be recovered from small abstracting the perceptual response patterns of human number of linear, nonadaptive (i.e., universal), and random listeners. Probabilistic auditory scene analysis uses measurements. This project aims to extend the current cognitive stochastic automaton models, combined with use methods in compressed sensing to other setups that have of dynamic Bayesian network methods, in order to imitate overwhelming practical significance. These extensions the ability of listeners to understand speech mixed with include constrained acquisition, additional statistical prior loud background music. Landmark-based speech on sparse signals, and infinite dimensional cases. The recognition imitates the extra sensitivity of humans to specific goals of this project are to: improve signal dynamic as opposed to static signals. reconstruction quality; reduce number of measurements required to achieve a specified reconstruction quality; Prosodic, Intonational, and Voice Quality Correlates of speed up the reconstruction time; and demonstrate these Disfluency gains on real applications, and in particular in challenging M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* J. Cole, C. Shih magnetic resonance imaging applications, including [email protected] functional imaging of the human brain. National Science Foundation Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Prosody is the stress and rhythm pattern of naturally spoken language. Linguists agree that the sound of a phoneme depends on its prosodic context, but experimental data
* Denotes principal investigator.
81 describing the prosodic-phonemic interaction are only now image processing in HCI, as well as the integration of becoming precise enough to support efforts in automatic vision, audio, and speech. Examples include visual human speech recognition. Our research seeks to precisely (body, face, hand) tracking and analysis, combining speech describe the prosodic-phonemic interaction using both and visual hand tracking in manipulating virtual objects, detailed phonetic analysis and probabilistic speech audio-visual speech recognition in noisy environments, recognition models. This research has already succeeded and audio-visual human emotion recognition. in demonstrating, for the first time in the literature, that the Video Analysis use of prosody can lead to improved word recognition T. S. Huang,* A. Ivanovic, M. Gupta, Y. Zhou, J. Yang accuracy in a large-vocabulary speech recognition [email protected] experiment. IARPA, NBCHC 060160 Face Processing Research conducted at the Coordinated Science T. S. Huang,* X. Xu, Y. Hu, Y. Fu, H. Tang Laboratory and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science [email protected] and Technology Yamaha Motor Corporation Researchers are using generative probabilistic models Research Conducted at the Beckman Institute for (GPM) to do video analysis. Tasks include stabilization, Advanced Science and Technology denoising, superresolution, segmenting video into layers, Researchers are developing methodologies and algorithms and video event retrieval based on examples. Applications for 2-D and 3-D face analysis with applications in face include online surveillance and monitoring, and offline detection, recognition, tracking, and animation. For analysis using video archives. analysis, we are particularly interested in outdoor scenarios Remote Reality: 4-D Audio-Visual Reconstruction and where the illumination and head pose are highly varying. Compression from Multiple Sensors For animation, a major project is text- and speech-driven D. L. Jones,* M. N. Do,* R. Morrison, H. Nguyen realistic synthetic talking faces. [email protected] Image and Video Databases National Science Foundation (ITR Grant) T. S. Huang,* C. Dagli, E. Tsai Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] Yamaha Motor Corporation This project develops new signal processing techniques for reconstruction of the audio and visual recording at an Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the arbitrary location in space and time from multiple acoustic Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and video sensors, but extending recent research in A number of challenging issues in image and video adaptive beamforming, multisensor signal processing of indexing and retrieval are being studied. Of particular nonstationary signals, and fundamental new advances in interest are the following: similarity- and example-based multidimensional signal representation. Practical four- retrieval, the use of relevance feedback from users to dimensional audiovisual recording, transmission, improve retrieval performance, and the recognition of playback, and remote reality will be demonstrated with semantic concepts in video based on multimodal cues. low-cost, conventional sensors attached to networked computers, thus confirming the practicality of the proposed Multimodal Human–Computer Interaction methods and applications. T. S. Huang,* J. Tu, M. Liu, D. J. Lin, X. Han, H. Ning, M. Rahurkar [email protected] National Science Foundation, CCF 04-26627 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The term "human-computer interaction" is used in a broad sense to include communication between persons and computers as well as communication between persons mediated by computers. Researchers are investigating a variety of issues related to the use of computer vision and
* Denotes principal investigator.
82 Solid State Devices Supercomputing Research and
Luminescence and Laser Studies in III-V Development Semiconductors N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter An Integrated Framework for Performance National Science Foundation, ECS 82-00517 Engineering and Resource-Aware Compilation C. Polychronopoulos,* F. Breg, J. Brokish, S. Carroll, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Y. Chen, A. Christensen, S. M. Chu, G. Clark, I. Cohen, in conjunction with the Department of Physics T. Courtney, D. Craig, D. Daly, D. D. Deavours, S. Derisavi, J. Doyle, M. Drzal, X. Han, P. Hong, Heterojunctions in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs and related materials are being examined. Quantum size effects have been T. S. Huang, Y. Huang, P. Kalogiannis, W. Ko, observed and have led to single and multiple active layer C. Koopmans, F. Koopmans, A. Kulothungun, quantum-well diode light emitters and lasers. Stimulated V. V. Lam, D. J. Lin, J. Lin, K. Marukawa, emission, absorption, disorder, alloy clustering, carrier D. S. Nikolopoulos, N. Petrovic, H. Saito, scattering, phonon processes, tunneling effects, and W. H. Sanders, N. Stavrakos, Q. Tian, J. Tu, P. Webster, impurity diffusion in these structures are being studied. Y. Wu, M. Yankelevsky, H. Zhou, X. Zhou Impurity-induced disordering and Al-bearing native [email protected] oxides are being studied and used to form stripe-geometry National Science Foundation, EIA 99-75019 lasers and more complicated array structures. Quantum Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory well lasers have been operated in an external grating cavity This project developed a comprehensive and integrated in an extended wavelength range. Newer forms of approach to application composition and development, quantum-well lasers have been realized, including native- system and application modeling and evaluation, oxide-defined lasers and waveguides. Quantum dot lasers performance characterization, compiler optimization, and coupled to quantum well lasers are being studied. Also, low-overhead runtime support. Achieving these heterojunction bipolar light emitting transistors (HBLETs) capabilities required fundamental advances in methods for have been identified and are being studied; these include hierarchical, multilanguage modeling, simulation, and HBLETs both with and without quantum well and quantum evaluation, and techniques for adaptive, resource-aware dot modifications. compilation and runtime support. We took a systematic and Quantum-Well Heterostructures synergetic approach to making these advances and N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter incorporated them into an integrated performance National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20538 engineering framework and resource-aware compilation Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and runtime system. In addition, we demonstrated the use in cooperation with the Department of Physics and the of the integrated framework/system via application to Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory several important parallel and distributed multimedia, video database, and computer vision applications. The fundamental properties of III-V heterostructures grown by vapor phase epitaxy are being studied. On quantum-well MOCVD AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures, Thin Films and Charged Particles laser operation 400 meV above Eg(GaAs) has been Synthesis and Study of Tailored Organometallic, observed, the first cw 300 K laser operation has been Inorganic, and Polymeric Precursors for Sol-Gel achieved, laser operation on phonon-sidebands below the Processing, Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Deposition, confined-particle states has been observed, and alloy and Chemical Vapor Deposition disorder and clustering in quantum-well heterostructures H. Choi,* K. Kim,* S. Lim, M. G. Kang have been identified. Impurity-induced disordering of [email protected] quantum-well heterostructures and Al-bearing native APL Engineered Materials oxides, that is, the native oxide of AlxGa1-xAs formed at 400° to 500°C with H2O + N2, are being examined via TEM To fabricate highly ordered micro and nano structures, and photoluminescence studies. This project is the first such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films of (1977) to realize p-n quantum-well lasers and to coin the controlled chemical composition and stoichiometry by name "QW lasers." charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor
* Denotes principal investigator.
83 deposition (CVD), and Sol-Gel processing, it is crucial to Coating of Liquid Crystal Display Panel Components have precursors with desired properties. Such precursors Using the Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Technique are designed, synthesized, and their physical properties are K. Kim,* H. Choi,* S. H. Rhee evaluated by analyzing the materials prepared from them. LG. Philips LCD Resulting optimal precursors are used to fabricated the In collaboration with Beckman Institute for Advanced desired highly ordered nanoscale structures. Science and Technology Precision Particle Fabrication: The Targeted Delivery This work focuses on extensive utilization of the CLCB of Microsphere Encapsulated Aminobisphosphonates technique developed by this research group for deposition for Treating Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases of of films needed for the manufacture and development of The Mononuclear Phagocytic System high-performance LDCs. In particular, the work makes use T. Fan,* S. Charney,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* C. Kyung of the unique capabilities of the CLCB technique to [email protected] produce high-quality films of controlled chemical Veterinary Medical Research Funds compositions and stoichiometries that are needed for The main objective of this multidisciplinary initiative is to various key LCD components, including metallic successfully encapsulate two aminobisphosphonates, semiconducting and insulating films. These films are pamidronate and zoledronate, into hydroxyethyl starch characterized and evaluated using the microanalysis microspheres using a patent-pending technology known as facilities at the University of Illinois. precision particle fabrication. The long-term goals of this Development of Methods for Fabricating Uniform pilot investigation would be to develop a novel, Micro- and Nanospheres and Capsules of commercially viable therapeutic modality for treating Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials for autoimmune and neoplastic disorders involving the Application to Biotechnology mononuclear phagocytic system. K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, C. Kyung, A. Simnick; Tissue Engineered Scaffolds with Imbedded D. Pack, C. Berkland (Chem. Engr.); Microspheres to Improve Bone and Soft Tissue Healing R. Jamison (Mat. Sci. & Engr.); Through Controlled Delivery of Growth Factors K. Singletary (Food Sci. & Human Nutri.) R. Jamison,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, A. Morgan, [email protected] A. Sendemir-Urkmez, C. Kearney, C. Kyung Dong Wha Pharmaceutical; Alkermes [email protected] Advanced methods of fabricating uniform biodegradable College of Engineering and biocompatible micro- and nanospheres and multilayer This research is to optimize the design of tissue engineering capsules of precise size, shell thickness, porosity, and substitutes for bone by understanding the relationship charge are investigated for various applications in between the size, structure, and distribution of biotechnology. Applications under investigation include microspheres in porous scaffolds and their drug release advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensor/ characteristics. An array of microspheres from chitosan biomarker development, and bioavailability enhancement and hydrogel polymer, biocompatible material currently of functional foods. Mechanical, hydrodynamic, electrical, used for treatment of burns and delivery of drugs, will be and sol-gel techniques and their combinations are used to produced, loaded with growth factors, and then embedded fabricate the particles. The smallest particles fabricated to in porous scaffolds of the same polymers. The rate, date are in the 10-nanometer range, and the largest in the concentration, and duration of drug release will be mm range. measured in vitro for several growth factors that have Electromagnetic Railgun Hydrogen-Pellet Accelerator shown promise in other studies. for Magnetic Fusion Reactor Refueling K. Kim,* H. Fan U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-84ER52111 Feasibility of an electromagnetic railgun as a high-velocity (~10 km/s) hydrogen pellet injector for refueling magnetic fusion reactors is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurations are considered, especially those that rely on magnetic
* Denotes principal investigator.
84 propulsion of the pellet by a plasma-arc armature and that Investigation of Methods for Controlled Fabrication of do not require a fuse to effect the system operation. The Thin Films and Nanoparticles Using Charged Liquid principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical Cluster Beams of Precursor Solutions spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A K. Kim,* H. Choi,* R. Singh, C. Kyung, T. Day, CAMAC system is employed for data acquisition and N. McDonnell processing. Using the present acceleration scheme, a solid [email protected] hydrogen pellet velocity in the range of 3.3 km/s has been LG. Philips LCD demonstrated. A novel scheme utilizing flow-limited field-injection Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-Based electrostatic spraying (FFESS) of precursor solutions is Materials and Application to Electronic and Optical investigated to develop methods of fabricating thin films Devices by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy and nanoparticles of controlled size and morphology. The K. Kim,* S. H. Rhee, C. W. Park unique aspects of the FFESS technique is its inherent Concorde Diversified, Inc. capability to produce uniform, charged nanodrops of controlled size, chemical composition, and stoichiometry, The objective of this work is to grow device-quality GaN- allowing for fabrication of high-quality films and uniform based films for fabrication of short-wavelength optical nanoparticles. Specific applications include fabrication of devices and high-speed, high-power electronic devices. catalytic nanoparticles to facilitate development of The growth technique used is the plasma-assisted advanced displays and deposition of polymer films for molecular beam epitaxy that employs an atomic nitrogen OLED development. beam from an rf-discharge nitrogen plasma and a Ga source beam. The growth system is one designed and fabricated Investigation of Novel Approaches to Fabricating at the University of Illinois, and the nitrogen plasma source Micro and Nanoscale Structures for Development of is uniquely capable of producing contamination-free New Devices for Lighting, Display, and Power Storage plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of K. Kim,* H. Choi,* J. Gao,* M. G. Kang, S. Lim microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, [email protected] and TEM. APL Engineered Materials Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-Based Charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor Nitride Semiconductors Using Plasma-Assisted deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel processing, and other chemical Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Development of High- and physical techniques are utilized, either individually or Speed, High-Power Heterostructure Electronic Devices in combinations, to fabricate highly ordered micro and K. Kim,* I. Adesida,* S. J. Hong, T. Day, C. W. Park nano structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin ETRI Electronics, Inc. films, of certain technologically important materials. The target of this investigation is to develop novel device The dual objectives of this work are to grow and concepts for lighting, display, and power storage. characterize device-quality heterostructure GaN-based films and use them to develop high-speed, high-power Investigation of Plasma-Material Interaction Using electronic devices. The materials growth is achieved using Transaugmented Electromagnetic Railgun a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system designed K. Kim* and fabricated at the University of Illinois. The plasma U.S. Department of Energy source is capable of producing contamination-free nitrogen Feasibility of employing a transaugmented plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of electromagnetic railgun as a testbed with which to study microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, plasma-material interaction is investigated both TEM, AFM, PL, CL, SIMS, and Hall measurement. experimentally and theoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurations are considered that allow for separate control of the velocity, temperature, and density of the free-traveling plasma-arc armature. The principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A CAMAC system is used for data acquisition and processing.
* Denotes principal investigator.
85 Nanowire and Nanotube Interconnect Technology for method for fabrication of uniform polymer microspheres 3-D ICs and microcapsules that allows precise control of the K. Kim,* H. Choi,* A. Cangellaris,* M. G. Kang, particle diameter and shell thickness. By controlling the S. Lim, N. McDonnell particle size, we showed we could achieve zero-order [email protected] release of model drugs and discovered several competing Synchrotron Radiation Center mechanisms that can affect release rates. Four model drugs that span a range of sizes and water solubility will be To improve on-chip interconnect performance beyond the investigated: piroxicam, ciprofloxacin, ganciclovir, and 65 nm node, 3-D interconnects and nanotubes are cyclosporin. investigated, with the focus placed on better understanding of their material properties, their compatibility with semiconductor processing techniques, and the Tunneling Microscopy development of macroscopic models to facilitate quantification of their impact on performance Nanoelectronics: Low-Power, High-Performance enhancement. The proposed research will be founded on Components and Circuits novel processes for the growth of both vertical nanowires J. W. Lyding,* K. Hess,* J. Moore* (Chem.), and carbon nanotubes along with a cross-disciplinary R. Martin,* H. Choi* (Physics) expertise in the areas of nanotechnology, novel materials U.S. Navy, ASUSG 98-152SG synthesis, nanoscale chemical processing, and signal Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science integrity-driven electromagnetic interconnect modeling and Technology and simulation. This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of the A Novel Method for Preparing Thin Films and University Research Initiative (MURI) at the Beckman Nanoparticles by Using Charged Liquid Cluster Beams Institute with the goal of combining STM nanofabrication of Liquid-Mix Precursors with atomistic simulations to develop novel nanoelectronic K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Yang device structures on the atomic and molecular size scale. University of Illinois Techniques are being developed to fabricate and test these A novel scheme using field-injection electrohydrodynamic structures in situ in the UHV STM. This program also spraying of liquid-mix precursors is investigated for involves collaborations with Arizona State University, development of a method for fabricating thin films of University of Notre Dame, and University of California at metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. Berkeley, to explore new interconnect schemes for The same technique is also suitable for fabricating nanoelectronics and to interface nanoelectronic devices nanoparticles from a variety of liquid precursors. Unique with conventional microelectronic circuits. aspects of this new technique are that it is inherently Nanoscale Interface Characterization by UHV STM capable of producing a uniform, charged fine spray of Spectroscopy liquid precursors of controlled size, chemical composition, J. W. Lyding,* L. Liu, J. Yu, J. Tolomei and stoichiometry, and that the energy of the spray can be U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-00-1-0234 controlled, allowing for fabrication of high-quality films and uniform nanoparticles. Conducted in the Beckman Institute Design of Microparticles for Precision Drug Delivery This research is focused on atomic scale dopant mapping D. Pack,* K. Kim,* H. Choi, C. Berkland, Y. Choy, and the determination of the rms roughness and correlation C. Kyung lengths associated with oxide-silicon interfaces. The [email protected] substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at oxide-silicon National Institutes of Health interfaces is also being studied. It has been determined with modern scaling trends that deuterium becomes In Collaboration with Chemical and Biomolecular increasingly effective at reducing hot carrier degradation Engineering in CMOS technology. The primary goal of this project is to investigate the effects of microparticle size and size distribution, and the shell thickness of microcapsules, on small molecule drug encapsulation and release. We have developed a novel
* Denotes principal investigator.
86 Protein Logic Wang, H. C., Xu, N., Raskar, R., and Ahuja, N. J. W. Lyding,* S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, G. Timp; Videoshop: A new framework for spatio-temporal N. Aluru* (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.), video editing in gradient domain. Graphical Models, P. Braun* (Mat. Sci. & Engr.), J. Moore* (Chem.) 69:1, 57-70 (Jan. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod. National Science Foundation, Nanoscale Interdisciplinary 2006.06.002). Research Teams Xu, N., Ahuja, N., and Bansal, R. Object segmentation Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science using graph cuts based active contours. Computer and Technology Vision and Image Understanding, 107:3, 210-224 (Sep. This program seeks to integrate functional protein arrays 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2006.11.004). with nanoscale CMOS on silicon. Natural and artificial ion channels are being utilized to interface between biology Yi, S., Choi, B., and Ahuja, N. Real-time omni- and silicon. Selective chemistry utilizing STM patterning directional distance measurement with active is being used to fabricate the protein templates. panoramic vision. International Journal of Control Automation and Systems, 5:2, 184-191 (Apr. 2007). Journal Articles Aeronomy
Advanced Automation Dyrud, L. P., Kudeki, E., and Oppenheim, M. Modeling long duration meteor trails. Journal of Geophysical Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Extraction and analysis of Research: Space Physics, 112:A12, 12307 (Dec. 2007). multiple periodic motions in video sequences. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Guo, L., Lehmacher, G. A., Kudeki, E., Akgiray, A., Intelligence, 29:7, 1244-1261 (Jul. 2007) (http:// Sheth, R., and Chau, J. L. Turbulent kinetic energy dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2007.1042). dissipation rates and eddy diffusivities in the tropical mesosphere using Jicamarca radar data. Advances in Hua, H., Ahuja, N., and Gao, C. Y. Design analysis of a Space Research, 40:6, 744-750 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ high-resolution panoramic camera using conventional 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.068). imagers and a mirror pyramid. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 29:2, Kudeki, E., Akgiray, A., Milla, M., Chau, J. L., and 356-361 (Feb. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI. Hysell, D. L. Equatorial spread-F initiation: Post- 2007.33). sunset vortex, thermospheric winds, gravity waves. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Hua, H., Gao, C. Y., and Ahuja, N. Calibration of an 69:17-18, 2416-2427 (Dec. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ HMPD-based augmented reality system. IEEE 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.04.012). Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A: Systems and Humans, 37:3, 416-430 (May 2007) (http:// Lehmacher, G. A., Guo, L., Kudeki, E., Reyes, P. M., dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2007.893471). Akgiray, A., and Chau, J. L. High-resolution observations of mesospheric layers with the Jicamarca Lai, Y. C., Barkan, C. P. L., Drapa, J., Ahuja, N., VHF radar. Advances in Space Research, 40:6, Hart, J. M., Narayanan, P. J., Jawahar, C. V., Kumar, A., 734-743 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr. Milhon, L. R., and Stehly, M. P. Machine vision analysis 2007.05.059). of the energy efficiency of intermodal freight trains. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 221:3, Bioacoustics 353-364 (Sep. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1243/09544097JRRT92). Bigelow, T. A., Miller, R. J., Blue, J. P., and O'Brien, W. D. Hemorrhage near fetal rat bone exposed to pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 33:2, 311-317 (Feb. 2007).
* Denotes principal investigator.
87 Church, C. C. and O’Brien, W. D. Evaluation of the threshold for lung hemorrhage by diagnostic Circuits ultrasound and a proposed new safety index. Bhatia, K., Hyvonen, S., and Rosenbaum, E. A compact, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 33:5, 810-818 (May ESD-protected, SiGe BiCMOS LNA for ultra- 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio. wideband applications. IEEE Journal of Solid-State 2006.11.006). Circuits, 42:5, 1121-1130 (May 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ Lobdell, B. E. and Allen, J. B. A model of the VU 10.1109/JSSC.2007.894826). (volume-unit) meter, with speech applications. Journal Cantelli, A., Wong, M., Parker, G., and Paola, C. of the Acoustical Society of America, 121:1, 279-285 (Jan. Numerical model linking bed and bank evolution of 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2387130). incisional channel created by dam removal [art. no. Nam, Y., Brewer, G. J., and Wheeler, B. C. Development W07436]. Water Resources Research, 43:7, 7436 (Jul. of astroglial cells in patterned neuronal cultures. 2007). Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 18:8, Dong, C., Chen, D. M., Haruehanroengra, S., and 1091-1100 (Aug. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ Wang, W. 3-D nFPGA: A reconfigurable architecture 10.1163/156856207781494430). for 3-D CMOS/nanomaterial hybrid digital circuits. O'Brien, W. D. Ultrasound-biophysics mechanisms. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 54:11, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 93:1-3, 2489-2501 (Nov. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI. 212-255 (Jan.-Apr. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ 2007.907844). j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.010). Kothari, L. and Carter, N. P. Architecture of a self- Oelze, M. L. Bandwidth and resolution enhancement checkpointing microprocessor that incorporates through pulse compression. IEEE Transactions on nanomagnetic devices. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Computers, 56:2, 161-173 (Feb. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ 54:4, 768-781 (Apr. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ 10.1109/TC.2007.21). TUFFC.2007.310). Kujoth, R. B., Wang, C. W., Cook, J. J., Gottlieb, D. B., Parenta, P. and Allen, J. B. Wave model of the cat and Carter, N. P. A wire delay-tolerant reconfigurable tympanic membrane. Journal of the Acoustical Society unit for a clustered programmable-reconfigurable of America, 122:2, 918-931 (Aug. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ processor. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 31:2, 10.1121/1.2747156). 146-159 (Mar. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro. 2006.03.001). Phatak, S. A. and Allen, J. B. Consonant and vowel confusions in speech-weighted noise. Journal of the Leduc, P. R., Wong, M. S., Ferreira, P. M., Groff, R. E., Acoustical Society of America, 121:4, 2312-2326 (Apr. Haslinger, K., Koonce, M. P., Lee, W. Y., Love, J. C., 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2642397). McCammon, J. A., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Rotello, V. M., Rubloff, G. W., Westervelt, R., and Rowe, L., Almasri, M., Lee, K., Fogleman, N., Yoda, M. Towards an in vivo biologically inspired Brewer, G. J., Nam, Y., Wheeler, B. C., Vukasinovic, J., nanofactory [editorial material]. Nature Glezer, A., and Frazier, A. B. Active 3-D microscaffold Nanotechnology, 2:1, 3-7 (Jan. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ system with fluid perfusion for culturing in vitro 10.1038/nnano.2006.180). neuronal networks. Lab on a Chip, 7:4, 475-482 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b700795g). Navale, N., Lundgren, E., and Carter, N. P. A magnetoelectronic register file cell for a self- Vieira, M., Christensen, B. L., Wheeler, B. C., checkpointing microprocessor. International Journal of Feng, A. S., and Kollmar, R. Survival and stimulation of Circuit Theory and Applications, 35:3, 371-390 (May-Jun. neurite outgrowth in a serum-free culture of spiral 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.406). ganglion neurons from adult mice. Hearing Research, 230:1-2, 17-23 (Aug. 2007).
88 Pop, E., Mann, D. A., Goodson, K. E., and Dai, H. J. Lee, J. W. and Blahut, R. E. Convergence analysis and Electrical and thermal transport in metallic single-wall BER performance of finite-length turbo codes. IEEE carbon nanotubes on insulating substrates [art. no. Transactions on Communications, 55:5, 1033-1043 (May 093710]. Journal of Applied Physics, 101:9, 93710 (May 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2007.895995). 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2717855). Lee, J. W., Urbanke, R., and Blahut, R. E. On the Reifenberg, J. P., Panzer, M. A., Kim, S., Gibby, A. M., performance of turbo codes over the binary erasure Zhang, Y., Wong, S., Wong, H. S. P., Pop, E., and channel. Communications Letters, 11:1, 67-69 (Jan. Goodson, K. E. Thickness and stoichiometry 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2007.061206). dependence of the thermal conductivity of GeSbTe films [art. no. 111904]. Applied Physics Letters, 91:11, Liang, Y. B. and Veeravalli, V. V. Cooperative relay 11904 (Sep. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2784169). broadcast channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 53:3, 900-928 (Mar. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ Sridhara, S. R. and Shanbhag, N. R. Coding for reliable 10.1109/TIT.2006.890726). on-chip buses: A class of fundamental bounds and practical codes. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Liang, Y. B., Veeravalli, V. V., and Poor, H. V. Resource Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 26:5, 977-982 allocation for wireless fading relay channels: Max-min (May 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCAD. solution. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006.884418). 53:10, 3432-3453 (Oct. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ TIT.2007.904996). Wong, M., Parker, G., DeVries, P., Brown, T. M., and Burges, S. J. Experiments on dispersion of tracer stones Liu, T. and Viswanath, P. An extremal inequality under lower-regime plane-bed equilibrium bed load motivated by multiterminal information-theoretic transport [art. no. W03440]. Water Resources Research, problems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 43:3, 3440 (Mar. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ 53:5, 1839-1851 (May 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ 10.1029/2006WR005172). TIT.2007.894680).
Wu, H. Z., Wong, M. D. F., Liu, I. M., and Wang, Y. S. Lozano, A. C., Kulkarni, S. R., and Viswanath, P. Placement-proximity-based voltage island grouping Throughput scaling in wireless networks with under performance requirement. IEEE Transactions on restricted mobility. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Communications, 6:2, 670-679 (Feb. 2007) (http:// Systems, 26:7, 1256-1269 (Jul. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2007.05339). 10.1109/TCAD.2006.888270). Lun, D. S., Jennings, L. D., Koetter, R., Licht, S., and Medard, M. An information-based computational Communications technique for estimation of chromatographic peak purity. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Chamberland, J. F. and Veeravalli, V. V. Wireless sensors 47:5, 1973-1978 (Sep.-Oct. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ in distributed detection applications. IEEE Signal 10.1021/ci6005195). Processing Magazine, 24:3, 16-25 (May 2007) (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2007.361598). McClain, M. and Levinson, S. Semantic based learning of syntax in an autonomous robot. International Journal Chen, J. and Veeravalli, V. V. Capacity results for block- of Humanoid Robotics, 4:2, 321-346 (Jun. 2007) (http:// stationary Gaussian fading channels with a peak power dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219843607001023). constraint. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 53:12, 4498-4520 (Dec. 2007). Poon, A. S. Y. An energy-efficient reconfigurable baseband processor for wireless communications. Eryilmaz, A. and Srikant, R. Fair resource allocation in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) wireless networks using queue-length-based Systems, 15:3, 319-327 (Mar. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ scheduling and congestion control. IEEE/ACM 10.1109/TVLSI.2007.893619). Transactions on Networking, 15:6, 1333-1344 (Dec. 2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2007.897944).
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106 Yoon, W., So, J., and Vaidya, N. H. Routing exploiting George, A. K. and Bresler, Y. A fast shear-like divergent- multiple heterogeneous wireless interfaces: a TCP beam backprojection algorithm. 2006 Institute of performance study. MILCOM 2006 (Washington, DC, Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Oct. 2006). MILCOM 2006 Proceedings 7 (2007). Symposium (San Diego, CA, Nov. 2006). 2006 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Decision and Control Symposium Conference Record (2007). Haldar, J. P. and Liang, Z. High-resolution diffusion Holm, J. K., Lee, D., and Spong, M. W. Time-scaling MRI. 29th Annual International Conference of Institute trajectories of passive-dynamic bipedal robots. 2007 of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medicine and Biology Society (Lyon, France, Aug. 2007). International Conference on Robotics and Automation Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference (Rome, Italy, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 311-314 Conference on Robotics and Automation 3603-3608 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352286). (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2007.364030). Haldar, J. P., Hernando, D., and Liang, Z. Shaping spatial Kloder, S. and Hutchinson, S. Barrier coverage for response functions for optimal estimation of variable bounded-range line-of-sight guards. 2007 compartmental signals from limited Fourier data. 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Robotics and Automation International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro (Rome, Italy, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute to Nano (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference on Robotics and Automation (2007). International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano 1364-1367 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ Sundaram, S. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Distributed ISBI.2007.357114). consensus and linear functional calculation in networks: An observability perspective. 6th Haldar, J. P., Hernando, D., Budde, M. D., Wang, Q., International Symposium on Information Processing in Song, S., and Liang, Z. High-resolution MR metabolic Sensor Networks (Cambridge, MA, Apr. 2007). imaging. 29th Annual International Conference of Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Information Processing in Sensor Networks 99-108 (2007) Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Lyon, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1236360.1236374). France, Aug. 2007). Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of Institute of Electrical and Digital Signal and Imaging Processing Electronics Engineers Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 4324-4326 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ Bresler, Y., Aggarwal, N., and Sharif, B. Patient-adaptive 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353293). spatio-temporal MRI: From PARADIGM to PARADISE and beyond. 4th Institute of Electrical and Hernando, D., Haldar, J., Sutton, B., and Liang, Z. Electronics Engineers International Symposium on Removal of lipid signal in MRSI using spatial-spectral Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano (Arlington, VA, Apr. constraints. 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics 2007). Proceedings of the 4th Institute of Electrical and Engineers International Symposium on Biomedical Electronics Engineers International Symposium on Imaging: Macro to Nano (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2007). Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano 980-983 (2007). Proceedings of the 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Symposium on Brokish, J. and Bresler, Y. Sampling requirements for Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano 1360-1363 (2007) circular cone beam tomography. 2006 Institute of (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISBI.2007.357113). Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Symposium Conference (San Diego, CA, Nov. 2006). 2006 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (2007).
107 Li, L., Wang, G., and Li, F. OPTIMOL: Automatic Ervin, B. L., Bernhard, J. T., Kuchma, D. A., and Online Picture collecTion via Incremental MOdel Reis, H. Monitoring general corrosion of rebar Learning. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics embedded in mortar using high-frequency guided Engineers Computer Society Conference on Computer mechanical waves. Sensors and Smart Structures Vision and Pattern Recognition (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Systems 2007 (San Diego, CA, Mar. 2007). Proceedings Electronics Engineers Computer Society Conference on of the SPIE: The International Society for Optical Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 4270073 (2007) Engineering, Vol. 6529 PART 1, 65291 (2007) (http:// (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2007.383048). dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.714180).
Liang, Z. Spatiotemporal imaging with partially Roach, T. L., Huff, G. H., and Bernhard, J. T. Enabling separable functions. 4th Institute of Electrical and high performance wireless communication systems Electronics Engineers International Symposium on using reconfigurable antennas. MILCOM 2006 Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano (Arlington, VA, Apr. (Washington, DC, Oct. 2006). MILCOM 2006 2007). Proceedings of the 4th Institute of Electrical and Proceedings (2007). Electronics Engineers International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano 988-991 (2007) Russer, J. A., Sumant, P. S., and Cangellaris, A. C. A (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISBI.2007.357020). Lagrangian approach for the handling of curved boundaries in the finite-difference time-domain Sharif, B. and Bresler, Y. Adaptive real-time cardiac method. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics MRI using PARADISE: Validation by the Engineers Microwave Theory and Techniques Society physiologically improved NCAT phantom. 4th Institute International Microwave Symposium (Honolulu, HI, Jun. of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International 2007). 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano Engineers Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 4th International Microwave Symposium Digest 717-720 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM. International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Macro 2007.380021). to Nano 1020-1023 (2007). Woo, A. Y. and Cangellaris, A. C. Real-part sufficiency Sharif, B. and Bresler, Y. Affine-corrected PARADISE: and its application to the rational function fitting of Free-breathing patient-adaptive cardiac MRI with passive electromagnetic responses. 2007 Institute of sensitivity encoding. 4th Institute of Electrical and Electrical and Electronics Engineers Microwave Theory Electronics Engineers International Symposium on and Techniques Society International Microwave Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano (Arlington, VA, Apr. Symposium (Honolulu, HI, Jun. 2007). 2007 Institute of 2007). Proceedings of the 4th Institute of Electrical and Electrical and Electronics Engineers Microwave Theory Electronics Engineers International Symposium on and Techniques Society International Microwave Biomedical Imaging: Macro to Nano 1076-1079 (2007) Symposium Digest 99-102 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISBI.2007.357042). 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380264). Electromagnetics High Frequency Devices
Chung, I. J. and Cangellaris, A. C. Hierarchical modeling Feng, M. and Snodgrass, W. InP pseudormorphic and computationally-efficient transient simulation of heterojunction bipolar transistor (PHBT) with Ft on-chip power grid. 57th Electronic Components and >750GHz. 19th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Technology Conference (Sparks, NV, Jun. 2007). Engineers International Conference on Indium Phosphide Proceedings of the 57th Electronic Components and and Related Materials (Matsue, Japan, May 2007). Technology Conference 1632-1637 (2007) (http:// Conference Proceedings, 19th Institute of Electrical and dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2007.374013). Electronics Engineers International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials 399-402 (2007) (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICIPRM.2007.381208).
108 Optical Imaging Optical Physics and Engineering
Crecea, V., Oldenburg, A. L., Ralston, T. S., and Park, S., Jiang, W., Zhou, Y., and Adve, S. Managing Boppart, S. A. Phase-resolved spectral-domain energy-performance tradeoffs for multithreaded magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. applications on multiprocessor architectures. 2007 Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical International Conference on Measurement and Modeling Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XI (San Jose, CA, of Computer Systems (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2007). Jan. 2007). Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging: Performance Evaluation Review, Vol. 35, 169-180 (2007) Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 6429, 64291 (2007) (http:// (http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1269899.1254902). dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.702649). Park, S., Kim, K. S., Price, A. J., Tchertchian, P. A., Marks, D. L., Ralston, T. S., Carney, P. S., and Chen, P., Yoon, J. K., and Eden, J. G. Large scale arrays Boppart, S. A. High numerical aperture fall-field of microcavity plasma devices based on encapsulated optical coherence tomography with space-invariant Al/Al2O3 electrodes: Device characteristics as a plasma resolution without scanning the focus. Coherence display pixel and low cost wet chemical fabrication Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence processing. 2007 Society for Information Display Tomography in Biomedicine XI (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2007). International Symposium (Long Beach, CA, May 2007). Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging: Proceedings Digest of Technical Papers, 2007 Society for Information of the SPIE, Vol. 6429, 64291 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ Display International Symposium, Vol. 38, 538-541 10.1117/12.703372). (2007).
Oldenburg, A. L., Hansen, M. N., Wei, A., and Boppart, S. A. Backscattering albedo contrast in OCT Optoelectronics using plasmon-resonant gold nanorods. Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Choquette, K. D., Giannopoulos, A., Kasten, A. M., Tomography in Biomedicine XI (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2007). Long, C., and Chen, C. Two-dimensional integrated Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging: Proceedings VCSEL and PiN photodetector arrays for a of the SPIE, Vol. 6429, 64291 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ bidirectional optical links. 2007 Institute of Electrical 10.1117/12.702847). and Electronics Engineers Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Ralston, T. S., Marks, D. L., Carney, P. S., and Electrical and Electronics Engineers Aerospace Boppart, S. A. Real-time inverse scattering for optical Conference 4161431 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ coherence tomography. Biomedical Applications of AERO.2007.353012). Light Scattering (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2007). Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging: Proceedings of the SPIE, Chuang, S., Chang, K. C., and Zhai, C. Collaborative Vol. 6446, 644608 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ wrapping: A turbo framework for Web data 10.1117/12.699285). extraction. 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering (Istanbul, Turkey, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of Zysk, A. M., Adie, S. G., Armstrong, J. J., Leigh, M. S., the 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering Paduch, A., Nguyen, F. T., Sampson, D. D., and 1261-1262 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDE. Boppart, S. A. Needle-probe system for the 2007.368988). measurement of tissue refractive index. Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2007). Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging: Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 6430, 64300 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.700955).
109 O'Connell, T. C. and Krein, P. T. The Schwarz- Power and Energy Systems Christoffel analytical method applied to electric machine slot shape optimization. 2007 Institute of Amrhein, M. and Krein, P. T. Magnetic equivalent Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Electric circuit modeling of induction machines: Design- Machines and Drives Conference (Antalya, Turkey, May oriented approach with extension to 3-D. 2007 Institute 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Electronics Engineers International Electric Machines and Electric Machines and Drives Conference (Antalya, Drives Conference, Vol. 1, 341-346 (2007) (http:// Turkey, May 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382690). Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, Vol. 2, 1557-1563 Popovics, J. S., Gallo, G. E., Shelton, M., and (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383660). Chapman, P. L. A magnetic sensing approach to characterize corrosion in reinforced concrete. Sensors Amrhein, M. and Krein, P. T. Magnetic equivalent and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, circuit simulations of electrical machines for design and Aerospace Systems 2007 (San Diego, CA, Mar. 2007). purposes. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Proceedings of the SPIE: The International Society for Engineers Electric Ship Technologies Symposium Optical Engineering, Vol. 6529 Part 1, 65291 (2007) (Arlington, VA, May 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.714307). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electric Ship Technologies Symposium 254-260 (2007) (http:// Savageau, D. O. and Overbye, T. J. Adaptive influence dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2007.372095). distance algorithm for contouring bus-based power system data. 40th Hawaii International Conference on Balog, R. S. and Krein, P. T. Bus selection in multibus System Sciences (Waikoloa, HI, Jan. 2007). Proceedings DC power systems. 2007 Institute of Electrical and of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Electronics Engineers Electric Ship Technologies Sciences (2007). Symposium (Arlington, VA, May 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electric Ship Technologies Symposium 281-287 (2007) Reliable and High-Performance (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2007.372099). Computing Davoudi, A., Jatskevich, J., and Chapman, P. L. Computer-aided average-value modeling of fourth- Agarwal, M., Malik, K., Woley, K. M., Stone, S. S., and order PWM DC-DC converters. 2007 Institute of Frank, M. I. Exploiting postdominance for speculative Electrical and Electronics Engineers International parallelization. 13th Institute of Electrical and Symposium on Circuits and Systems (New Orleans, LA, Electronics Engineers International Symposium on High May 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical Performance Computer Architecture (Scottsdale, AZ, Feb. and Electronics Engineers International Symposium on 2007). Proceedings of the 13th Institute of Electrical and Circuits and Systems 793-796 (2007). Electronics Engineers International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture 295-305 (2007) Davoudi, A., Qu, L., and Chapman, P. L. Summary of (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HPCA.2007.346207). recent work on reduction techniques applied to electromechanical modeling. 2007 Institute of Electrical Courtney, T., Gaonkar, S., McQuinn, M. G., Rozier, E., and Electronics Engineers Electric Ship Technologies Sanders, W. H., and Webster, P. Design of experiments Symposium (Arlington, VA, May 2007). Proceedings of within the Möbius modeling framework. 4th the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Electric Ship Technologies Symposium 363-370 (2007) Systems (Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Sep. 2007). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2007.372111). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems 161-162 (2007).
110 Cunningham, R., Cheung, S., Fong, M., Lindqvist, U., Singh, S., Nicol, D. M., Sanders, W. H., and Seri, M. Nicol, D., Pawlowski, R., Robinson, E., Sanders, W., Verifying SCADA network access control policy Singh, S., Valdes, A., Woodworth, B., and Zhivich, M. implementations using the access policy tool. 1st Securing process control systems of today and International Federation for Information Processing WG tomorrow. 1st International Federation for Information 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Processing WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Protection (Hanover, NH, March 2007). Proceedings of the Infrastructure Protection (Hanover, NH, March 2007). 1st International Federation for Information Processing Proceedings of the 1st International Federation for WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Information Processing WG 11.10 International Infrastructure Protection (2007). Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection (2007). Tai, A. T., Tso, K. S., and Sanders, W. H. Recurrence- Gaonkar, S., and Sanders, W. H. Analysis of the relation-based reward model for performability reliability/availability of distributed file systems in evaluation of embedded systems. 8th International large-scale systems: A case study using simultaneous Workshop on Performability Modeling of Computer and simulation. 8th International Workshop on Performability Communication Systems (Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Modeling of Computer and Communication Systems Sep. 2007). Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop (Edinburgh, UK, Sep. 2007). Proceedings of the 8th on Performability Modeling of Computer and International Workshop on Performability Modeling of Communication Systems (2007). Computer and Communication Systems (2007). Van Ruitenbeek, E., Courtney, T., Sanders, W. H., and Hwu, W., Ryoo, S., Ueng, S., Keim, J. H., Gelado, I., Stevens, F. Quantifying the effectiveness of mobile Stone, S. S., Kidd, R. E., Baghsorkhi, S. S., phone virus response mechanisms. 37th Annual Institute Mahesri, A. A., Tsao, S. C., Navarro, N., Lumetta, S. S., of Electrical and Electronics Engineers/International Frank, M. I., and Patel, S. J. Implicitly parallel Federation for Information Processing International programming models for thousand-core Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks microprocessors. 44th Association for Computing (Edinburgh, UK, Jun. 2007). Proceedings of the 37th Machinery/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Annual Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers/ Engineers Design Automation Conference (San Diego, International Federation for Information Processing CA, Jun. 2007). Proceedings of the 44th Association for International Conference on Dependable Systems and Computing Machinery/Institute of Electrical and Networks 790-799 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ Electronics Engineers Design Automation Conference DSN.2007.78). 754-759 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DAC. 2007.375265). Zhou, Y., Marinov, D., Sanders, W., Zilles, C., d’Amorim, M., Lauterburg, S., Lefever, R. M., and McQuinn, M. G., Kemper, P., and Sanders, W. H. Tucek, J. Delta execution for software reliability. 3rd Dependability analysis with Markov chains: How Workshop on Hot Topics in System Dependability symmetries improve symbolic computations. 4th (Edinburgh, UK, Jun. 2007). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Workshop on Hot Topics in System Dependability (2007). Systems (Edinburgh, UK, Sep. 2007). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Quantitative Remote Sensing Evaluation of Systems 151-160 (2007). Atkinson, I. and Kamalabadi, F. Basis selection for Ramasamy, H., Seri, M., and Sanders, W. H. The CoBFIT wavelet processing of sparse source signals. 2007 toolkit. 26th Association for Computing Machinery Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Distributed Computing (Portland, OR, Aug. 2007). Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 26th Association for Computing 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Machinery SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Distributed Computing 350-351 (2007). Processing, Vol. 3, 1461-1464 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ICASSP.2007.367123).
111 Atkinson, I. and Kamalabadi, F. Basis selection for wavelet processing of sparse source signals. 2007 Signal and Image Processing Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Abbas, J., Dagli, C. K., and Huang, T. S. A multimodality International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal framework for creating speaker/non-speaker profile Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the databases for real-world video. 2007 Institute of 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Processing 1461-4 (2007). (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2007). Proceedings of the I2007 Butala, M. D., Frazin, R. A., Yuguo, C., and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Kamalabadi, F. A Monte Carlo technique for large-scale Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern dynamic tomography. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Recognition 4270491 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ Electronics Engineers International Conference on CVPR.2007.383493). Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Fu, Y. and Huang, T. S. hMouse: Head tracking driven Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical virtual computer mouse. 7th Institute of Electrical and and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Electronics Engineers Workshop on Applications of Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, Computer Vision (Austin, TX, Feb. 2007). Proceedings of 1217-1220 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP. the 7th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007.367062). Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision 4118759 Swenson, G., Thakker, P., Kamalabadi, F., Frank, M., (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WACV.2007.29). Coverstone, V., and Voss, H. Optical sensing of Fu, Y. and Huang, T. S. Unsupervised locally embedded atmospheric emissions with CubeSats and NanoSats. clustering for automatic high-dimensional data Sensors and Systems for Space Applications (Orlando, FL, labeling. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the SPIE: The International Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6555, 655506 (2007) and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.722662). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Semiconductors Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, 1057-1060 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP. Cheng, K. Y. and Wu, B. Heteroepitaxy of antimonides 2007.366865). on InP. 9th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Indium Phosphide Fu, Y., Liu, M., and Huang, T. S. Conformal embedding and Related Materials (Matsue, Japan, May. 2007). analysis with local graph modeling on the unit Proceedings of the 9th Institute of Electrical and hypersphere. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics Engineers International Conference on Indium Engineers Computer Society Conference on Computer Phosphide and Related Materials 454-457 (2007) (http:// Vision and Pattern Recognition (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICIPRM.2007.381224). 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society Conference on Liu, C., Lian, Z., and Han, J. How Bayesians debug. 6th Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 4270408 (2007) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2007.383410). International Conference on Data Mining (Hong Kong, China, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 6th Institute of Guan, K. M. and Singer, A. C. Opportunistic sampling Electrical and Electronics Engineers International by level-crossing. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Conference on Data Mining 382-393 (2007) (http:// Electronics Engineers International Conference on dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2006.83). Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, 1513-1516 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP. 2007.367136).
112 Han, T. X., Liu, M., and Huang, T. S. A drifting-proof Pandya, S., Yang, Y., Liu, C., and Jones, D. L. Biomimetic framework for tracking and online appearance imaging of flow phenomena. 2007 Institute of Electrical learning. 7th Institute of Electrical and Electronics and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Engineers Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, (Austin, TX, Feb. 2007). Proceedings of the 7th Institute Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Workshop on and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Applications of Computer Vision 4118739 (2007) (http:// Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, 933-936 dx.doi.org/10.1109/WACV.2007.4). (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366390).
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Morrison Jr., R. L., Jacob, M., and Do, M. N. Velivelli, A. and Huang, T. S. Dirichlet aspect weighting: Multichannel estimation of coil sensitivities in parallel A generalized EM algorithm for integrating external MRI. 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers data fields with semantically structured queries by International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From using gradient projection method. 6th Institute of Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2007). Proceedings Electrical and Electronics Engineers International of the 4th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference on Data Mining (Hong Kong, China, Dec. International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From 2006). Proceedings of the 6th Institute of Electrical and Nano to Macro 117-120 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ Electronics Engineers International Conference on Data ISBI.2007.356802). Mining 633-644 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDM. 2006.55). Moulin, P. and Kiyavash, N. Performance of random fingerprinting codes under arbitrary nonlinear Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Capacity and optimal collusion attacks. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics attack channels for Gaussian fingerprinting games. Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Multimedia Contents IX (San Jose, CA, Feb. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Proceedings of the SPIE: The International Society for Electronics Engineers International Conference on Optical Engineering, Vol. 6505, 65050 (2007). Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, 157-160 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366196). Yan, S., Wang, H., Tang, X., and Huang, T. Exploring feature descriptors for face recognition. 2007 Institute Mueller, N., Lu, Y., and Do, M. N. Image interpolation of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International using multiscale geometric representations. Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Computational Imaging V (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2007). (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Proceedings of the SPIE: The International Society for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Optical Engineering, Vol. 6498, 64980 (2007) (http:// International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.714510). Processing, Vol. 1, 629-632 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ICASSP.2007.365986). Nguyen, H. T. and Do, M. N. Signal reconstruction from a periodic nonuniform set of samples using H infinity Yan, S., Xu, D., Lin, S., Huang, T. S., and Chang, S. optimization. Computational Imaging V (San Jose, CA, Element rearrangement for tensor-based subspace Jan. 2007). Proceedings of the SPIE: The International learning. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6498, 649814 (2007) Engineers Computer Society Conference on Computer (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.715504). Vision and Pattern Recognition (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 4270009 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2007.382984).
113 Zeitler, G. C., Singer, A. C., and Kozat, S. S. Universal piecewise linear regression of individual sequences: Bioacoustics Lower bound. 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Herman, G. Fundamental frequency tracking in music Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech with multiple voices. M.S. thesis, J. Beauchamp, advisor and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). (2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Phatak, S. Localization of sound sources in the presence Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, 841-844 of single reflecting surface. Ph.D. thesis, J. Allen, advisor (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366811). (2007). Zhou, Y. and Huang, T. S. An unsupervised algorithm Regnier, M. Perceptual features of some consonants to extract face texture from video. 2007 Institute of studied in noise. M.S. thesis, J. Allen, advisor (2007). Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2007). Proceedings of the 2007 Circuits Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Deng, L. VLSI physical design for manufacturability Processing, Vol. 1, 781-784 (2007) (http://dx.doi.org/ and reliability. Ph.D. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2007). 10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366024). Farbiz, F. Investigation and modeling of external Theses latchup. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2007). Gerdemann, A. Measurement and modeling of full chip charged device model electrostatic discharge. M.S. Advanced Automation thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2007).
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Akgiray, A. Calibration of Jicamarca radar using Kashyap, A. Sensing with communication restraints. F-region incoherent scatter for measurements of Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2007). D-region backscatter RCS. M.S. thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor (2007). Lakshmikantha, A. An end-user QOS view of buffer sizing and bandwidth sharing protocols. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2007).
Liu, S. Congestion control protocols for the evolving Internet. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2007).
114 Shakkottai, S. Exploiting resource diversity in networks Athanasopoulou, E. Diagnosis of finite state models of peers. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2007). under partial or unreliable observations. Ph.D. thesis, C. N. Hadjicostis, advisor (2007). Unnikrishnan, J. Cooperative sensing of primary signals in cognitive radio systems. M.S. thesis, V. V. Veeravalli, Bloem, M. Applications of optimization and optimal advisor (2007). control theory to computer network security. M.S. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2007). Wang, H. Topics in network information representation and communication. Ph.D. thesis, P. Candido, S. Motion planning for bipedal walking Viswanath, advisor (2007). robots. M.S. thesis, S. A. Hutchinson, advisor (2007).
Yang, S. Reduced complexity mechanisms for network Cao, M. Analysis and cross-layer design of medium resource allocation. Ph.D. thesis, B. Hajek, advisor access and scheduling in wireless mesh networks. Ph.D. (2007). thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2007).
Ying, L. Wireless networks for communication and Chatterjee, D. Studies on stability and stabilization of sensing. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2007). randomly switched systems. Ph.D. thesis, D. M. Liberzon, advisor (2007).
Computer Engineering Davidson, J. Hyperfiltering for stochastic systems. M.S. thesis, S. A. Hutchinson, advisor (2007). Chen, Z. Dynamic spatial backoff in fading environments. M.S. thesis, N. H. Vaidya, advisor (2007). Freris, N. Fundamental limits on network clock synchronization. M.S. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor Earnhart, M. A multiple gateway protocol for wireless (2007). mesh networks. M.S. thesis, N. H. Vaidya, advisor (2007). Ganguli, A. Motion coordination for mobile robotic networks with visibility sensors. Ph.D. thesis, S. A. Grier, C. Peer-to-peer Botnet command and control Hutchinson, advisor (2007). network mitigation. M.S. thesis, D. M. Nicol, advisor (2007). Graunke, C. Control of a manipulator for coordinated mobile robots. M.S. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2007). Halley, A. A simple distributed backpressure-based scheduling and congestion control system. M.S. thesis, Gregg, R. Reduction-based control with application to N. H. Vaidya, advisor (2007). three-dimensional bipedal walking robots. M.S. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2007). Matthews, D. Test generation techniques for multiple- cycle transition fault testing. M.S. thesis, J. H. Patel, Kowshik, H. Provable systemwide safety in intelligent advisor (2007). intersections. M.S. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2007).
Okhravi, H. Security policy integration and consistancy Mo, H. Feedback control over packet dropping validation. M.S. thesis, D. M. Nicol, advisor (2007). network links. M.S. thesis, C. N. Hadjicostis, advisor (2007). Wang, N. Cost effective soft error mitigation in microprocessors. Ph.D. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2007). Raghunathan, V. Physical-layer aware algorithms and protocols for wireless networks. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Decision and Control Kumar, advisor (2007).
Al Hokayem, P. Reliable control of multi-agent Rodriquez-Seda, E. Comparative experimental study of systems. Ph.D. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2007). control schemes for bilateral teleoperation systems. M.S. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2007).
115 Shen, H. Linear and nonlinear pricing for network Klokotov, D. Application of the finite-difference time- games with complete and incomplete information. domain method to the analysis of microstrip Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2007). structures. M.S. thesis, J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2007).
Takos, G. Sparse solutions to structured Mekonnen, Y. Broadband micromodeling techniques underdetermined systems in the presence of small for interconnects and electronic packages. Ph.D. thesis, noise. Ph.D. thesis, C. N. Hadjicostis, advisor (2007). J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2007).
Touri, R. Perfect reconstruction of digital transmission Milosevic, P. An implementation of sine wave test setup through channels with bounded additive noise. Ph.D. for automated measurement of high-performance thesis, C. N. Hadjicostis, advisor (2007). analog-to-digital converters. M.S. thesis, J. E. Schutt- Aine, advisor (2007). Vu, L. Invertibility and input-to-state stability of switched systems and applications in adaptive control. Ph.D. thesis, D. M. Liberzon, advisor (2007). Electromagnetics
Wright, J. Mixed data segmentation via lossy data Atkins, P. Tabulation and interpolation of the dyadic compression. M.S. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor (2007). Green's function for layered media. M.S. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2007).
Digital Signal and Imaging Processing Bagci, H. Formulation and solution of time-domain electric-field integral equation for half-space George, A. Algorithms for tomographic environments. Ph.D. thesis, E. Michielssen, advisor reconstruction: Fast backprojection and cardiac (2007). computed tomography. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Bresler, advisor (2007). Bhandari, P. Investigation of techniques to achieve compatability between multiband cellular phone Niebles Duque, J. Human action categorization using antennas and hearing aids. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, local features and statistical models. M.S. thesis, F. Li, advisor (2007). advisor (2007). Boerman, J. Performance study of pattern Stastny, J. Tractable instances of supervisory control reconfigurable antennas in multiple-input multiple- theory. M.S. thesis, Z. Liang, advisor (2007). output communications systems. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2007). Vo, L. Temporal interpolation based on optical flow for generalized series dynamic imaging of cardiac Chung, I. Modeling and hybrid simulation of on-chip perfusion. M.S. thesis, Z. Liang, advisor (2007). power delivery network using an unconditionally stable electromagnetic field solver. Ph.D. thesis, A. C. Xu, D. Design of multidimensional large-tip-angle Cangellaris, advisor (2007). radio frequency pulses for parallel transmission in magnetic resonance imaging. Ph.D. thesis, Z. Liang, Dong, L. Parallel implementation of the finite- advisor (2007). difference time-domain and application of grid computing to computational electromagnetics. M.S. Electromagnetic Communication and thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, advisor (2007). Electronics Packaging Dovilas, R. Investigation of methods to create prescribed frequency shifts in transmitted signals using Chen, Q. Time domain integral equation based analysis a high-impedance surface. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, using impedance boundary conditions. M.S. thesis, J. advisor (2007). E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2007). Hesford, A. Parallel methods for the solution of large- scale radiation and inverse scattering problems. Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2007).
116 Jiang, P. Time domain integral equation-based Stuenkel, M. Development of a scalable large signal methods for analyzing electromagnetic scattering from double heterojunction bipolar transistor model for objects residing in lossy media. Ph.D. thesis, E. nonlinear millimeter wave circuit simulation. M.S. Michielssen, advisor (2007). thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007).
Li, M. Studies on applying the equivalence principle algorithm on multiscale problems. Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Microelectronics Chew, advisor (2007). Reddy, U. Subpixel resolution nanonlithography and Liu, Y. Recent developments in low-frequency integral applications in advanced semiconductor devices. M.S. equation methods. Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor thesis, K. Jain, advisor (2007). (2007). Optical Imaging Mao, K. Finite element analysis of multilayer transmission lines and circuit components. Ph.D. thesis, Chelliyil, R. Processing architecture and hardware J. Jin, advisor (2007). modifications for a real-time integrated optical coherence and multiphoton microscope. M.S. thesis, S. Meng, J. Two novel fast algorithms for analysis of low- A. Boppart, advisor (2007). frequency transient electromagnetic phenomena. Ph.D. thesis, E. Michielssen, advisor (2007). Jones, G. High-spectral-resolution coherent anti- Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy through Wu, H. Methodologies and algorithms for finite spectral deconvolution of interferometrically detected element analysis of electromagnetic devices and broadband chirped pulses. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, systems. Ph.D. thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, advisor (2007). advisor (2007).
Zhang, Z. Analysis and design of a broadband antenna Zysk, A. Surgical breast cancer localization via for software-defined radio. Ph.D. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, coherent measurement of endogenous optical advisor (2007). properties. Ph.D. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2007). High Frequency Devices Optical Physics and Engineering
Chuang, Y.-J. Dynamic range analysis and high-speed Anderson, T. Replica-molded microplasma devices as integrated circuit designs using INP HBT technology. chemical reactors with the ionization of CS2 in argon. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007). M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2007). Chu-Kung, B. Compound semiconductor power Chen, P. Transverse-excited microcavity plasma heterojunction bipolar transistor technology. Ph.D. channels fabricated in Si. M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007). (2007). Cimino, K. Microwave noise parameter Choi, C. Photonic crystal biosensor integrated characterization of submicron double-heterojunction microfluidic networks for high throughput label-free bipolar transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007). bio-detection applications. M.S. thesis, B. T. Cunningham, advisor (2007). James, A. Transistor laser for high-speed optical interconnects. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007). Price, A. Interwoven aluminum wire mesh as a new material for microplasma device applications: Material Snodgrass, W. Fabrication and characterization of properties, performance, and applications. M.S. thesis, compositionally graded indium phosphide-based type- J. G. Eden, advisor (2007). II double heterojunction bipolar transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2007). Readle, J. Thin aluminum–aluminum oxide microplasma flat lamps for lighting sources. M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2007).
117 Spinka, T. Electrical and optical methods of probing Byoun, J. Analysis and IC implementation of digitally microcavity plasmas. M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor controlled multi-port DC–DC converters. Ph.D. thesis, (2007). P. L. Chapman, advisor (2007).
Xiao, Y. Probing the dissociation of the rubidium dimer Chen, Y. Dynamic modeling of multiple-input buck- by wavepackets and parametric four-wave mixing. boost converters. M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor Ph.D. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2007). (2007).
Conner, P. Electric power transfer effects on aircraft Optoelectronics secondary flight control systems. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2007). Kondratko, P. Slow and fast light using quantum-dot and quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifiers. Geng, X. Design and analysis of pulse-width Ph.D. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2007). modulation techniques for spectrum shaping. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2007). Lehman, A. Evanescently coupled vertical cavity laser arrays. Ph.D. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2007). Kimball, J. Digital control techniques for switching power converters. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor Leisher, P. Proton-implanted photonic crystal and (2007). holey vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers. Ph.D. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2007). Nee, B. Integration of filter elements in electric drives. Ph.D. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2007). Lou, Q. Characterization of antimony-based type-II superlattice infrared photodetectors. M.S. thesis, S. L. Niu, P. Biomechanical energy conversion. Ph.D. thesis, Chuang, advisor (2007). P. L. Chapman, advisor (2007).
Mou, S. Theory and experiment of antimony-based Qu, L. Reduction of dynamic nonlinear models of type-II superlattice infrared photodetectors. Ph.D. magnetic devices. Ph.D. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2007). (2007).
Siriani, D. Loss-induced confinement in photonic Weaver, W. Geometric and game-theoretic control of crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. M.S. energy assets in small-scale power systems. Ph.D. thesis, thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2007). P. T. Krein, advisor (2007). Sulkin, J. Characterization and analysis of monolithically integrated micro-fluidic photonic Reliable and High-Performance crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2007). Computing Burke, C. Critical path scheduling for superscalar and Power and Energy Systems speculatively multithreaded processors. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2007). Amrhein, M. Induction machine performance improvements: Design-oriented approaches. Ph.D. Doshi, N. End-to-end analysis of security attacks based thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2007). on real case studies. M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer, advisor (2007). Banerjee, A. Behavioral analysis of insulated gate bipolar transistors during hard and soft turn-off. M.S. Kidd, R. The open impact whole program of thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2007). optimization framework. M.S. thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2007). Benavides, N. Mass minimization of DC–DC converters in portable electrical energy sources. Ph.D. thesis, P. L. Lupinsky, I. Developing a user-interface toolkit using a Chapman, advisor (2007). vector engine. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2007).
118 McQuinn, M. Solution of graph-composed Markov Tobin, K. Optical heterodyning of narrow-line width models using symmetry detection and symbolic data surface-etched distributed Bragg reflector laser structures. M.S. thesis, W. H. Sanders, advisor (2007). diodes. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman, advisor (2007).
Navale, N. Leveraging critically in an implicit parallelization architecture. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, Semiconductor Physics advisor (2007). Hu, S. Simulations of biological ion channels by using Stone, S. Multiversioning in the store queue is the root the Shockley-Read-Hall formalism. Ph.D. thesis, K. of all store-forwarding evil. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, Hess, advisor (2007). advisor (2007). Semiconductors Swamy, B. STOUT: Synchronizing thread order using timestamps. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2007). Robinson, S. Fabrication and transport properties of silicon nanoelectronic devices. Ph.D. thesis, J. R. Tucker, Van Ruitenbeek, E. Modeling mobile phone virus advisor (2007). propagation to quantify response mechanism effectiveness. M.S. thesis, W. H. Sanders, advisor (2007). Shaikh, K. Design and development of a portable microfluidic system for medical diagnostics. Ph.D. Remote Sensing thesis, C. Liu, advisor (2007).
Atkinson, I. Techniques for approximating optimal Tsai, C.-L. Gallium-arsenide quantum wire infrared linear estimators of multidimensional data. Ph.D. photodetectors. Ph.D. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2007). thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2007). Tucker, C. Advancement of yield and materials in Borrowman, T. Multichannel coherent radio receiver cantilever-based biologically inspired flow sensors. and direction finder for transient signals. M.S. thesis, M.S. thesis, C. Liu, advisor (2007). G. R. Swenson, advisor (2007). Yang, Z. Study of biological ion channels by using PNP/ Eggerding, T. Parameters of acoustic propagation ECP model. Ph.D. thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2007). through porous media. M.S. thesis, G. W. Swenson, advisor (2007). Signal and Image Processing
Hagerman, D. WAAS implementation for the OS GPS Coombs, J. A novel defocus blurring model of layered receiver. M.S. thesis, J. J. Makela, advisor (2007). depth scenes for computational photography. M.S. thesis, M. N. Do, advisor (2007). Kirchoff, A. Design and implementation of control and data acquisition systems for a sodium lidar. M.S. thesis, Da Cunha, A. Geometrical representation, processing, G. R. Swenson, advisor (2007). and coding of visual information. Ph.D. thesis, M. N. Do, advisor (2007). Lee, J. 3D tomographic imaging of the ionosphere using global positioning system measurements. Ph.D. thesis, Drost, R. Equalization using graphical models. Ph.D. F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2007). thesis, A. C. Singer, advisor (2007). Semiconductor Lasers La, C. Signal reconstructions from limited measurements using sparse-tree priors. M.S. thesis, M. Price, R. Surface-etched distributed Bragg reflector N. Do, advisor (2007). lasers in photonic integrated circuits. Ph.D. thesis, J. J. Liu, M. Probabilistic correspondence mapping for Coleman, advisor (2007). audio-visual speaker modeling. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2007).
119 Lu, Y. Multidimensional geometrical signal representation: constructions and applications. Ph.D. Patents thesis, M. N. Do, advisor (2007).
Morrision, R. Multichannel methods for restoration in Bioacoustics computed imaging. Ph.D. thesis, M. N. Do, advisor (2007). Jones, D., O'Brien, W. D., Feng, A. S., Wheeler, B. C., Lansing, C. R., and Bilger, R. C. Intrabody Nguyen, H. Joint estimation in MRI using harmonic Communication for a Hearing Aid [Utility Patent retrieval methods. M.S. thesis, M. N. Do, advisor (2007). Grant], # US 7206423, Apr. 2007.
Nguyen, H. Multisensor signal processing: Theory and algorithms for image-based rendering and High Frequency Devices multichannel sampling. Ph.D. thesis, M. N. Do, advisor Walter, G., Feng, M., Holonyak, J. N., and Chan, R. (2007). Semiconductor Laser Devices and Methods [Utility Rajaram, S. On modeling order and structure with Patent Grant], # US 7286583, Oct. 2007. applications to computer vision and time series data. Walter, G., Holonyak, N. J., Chan, R., and Feng, M. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2007). Semiconductor Bipolar Light Emitting and Laser Sun, L. Monophone-adapted and manifold estimation– Devices and Methods [Application without Search based speaker recognition. M.S. thesis, M. A. Hasegawa- Report], # EP 06736238.4, Nov. 2007. Johnson, advisor (2007). Optical Imaging Tu, J. Visual face tracking and its applications. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2007). Boppart, S. A., Toublan, F. J., Marks, D. L., and Suslick, K. S. Optical Contrast Agents for Optically Modifying Zeitler, G. Topics in universal prediction. M.S. thesis, Incident Radiation [Utility Patent Grant], # US A. C. Singer, advisor (2007). 7198777, Apr. 2007.
Zhang, S. A study on stability and feasibility of stochastic sensor networks. M. S. thesis, D. L. Jones, Optical Physics and Engineering advisor (2007). Block, I., Chan, L. L., and Cunningham, B. T. Photonic Zhuang, X. Experimental study of voice quality in the Crystal Biosensor Structure and Fabrication Method context of automatic speech recognition. M.S. thesis, M. [Utility Patent Application], # US 11177708, Jan. 2007. A. Hasegawa-Johnson, advisor (2007). Eden, J. G. and Park, S. Arrays of Microcavity Plasma Devices with Dielectric Encapsulated Electrodes Tunneling Microscopy [Utility Patent Application], # US 11487949, Jul. 2007.
Abrecht, P. Scanning tunneling microscopy and Eden, J. G. and Park, S. Method of Manufacturing spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes interfaced with Microdischarge Devices with Encapsulated Electrodes silicon surfaces. Ph.D. thesis, J. W. Lyding, advisor [Utility Patent Grant], # US 7297041, Nov. 2007. (2007). Eden, J. G. and Park, S. Plasma Extraction Microcavity Ruppalt, L. Integration of single-walled carbon Plasma Device and Method [Utility Patent nanotubes with gallium arsenide(110) and indium Application], # US 11344514, May 2007. aresenide(110) surfaces: A scanning tunneling microscopy study. Ph.D. thesis, J. W. Lyding, advisor Park, S., Eden, J. G., Lu, M., and Cunningham, B. Polymer (2007). Microcavity and Microchannel Devices and Fabrication Method [Utility Patent Application], # US 11698264, Aug. 2007.
120 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Power and Energy Systems Study, 1998 Donald Biggar Willet Professorship, University of Illinois Balog, R. S. and Krein, P. T. Commutation Technique College of Engineering, 1999 for an AC-to-AC Converter Based on State Machine Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Control [Utility Patent Application], # US 11202597, Students, 2002 Feb. 2007. Jont Allen Dobbs, B. G. and Chapman, P. L. Multiple Input DC–DC IBM Faculty Award, 2004 Power Converter [Utility Patent Grant], # US 7227277, Jun. 2007. Tangul Basar Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Krein, P. T. Methods and Devices for Input Waveform Engineers (IEEE) Control in Switching Power Supplies [Utility Patent Faculty Initiate Eta Kappa Nu, 1990 Application], # US 11204776, Feb. 2007. Tokten Fellow, United Nations, 1991 Engineering Council Advisors List for Excellence in Semiconductors Advising, University of Illinois, 1997
Wang, X. and Liu, C. Multifunctional Probe Array Tamer Basar System [Utility Patent Grant], # US 7281419, Oct. 2007. Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Thin Films and Charged Particles Fellow, International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) Kim, K., Choy, Y. B., and Choi, H. Microparticles Member, European Academy of Sciences [Utility Patent Grant], # US 7309500, Dec. 2007. President, International Society of Dynamic Games, 1990-1992, 1992-1994 Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Awards and Honors 1992-1994 Nearing Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Ilesanmi Adesida Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1998- Scientific Member, Bohmische Physical Society Zaborszky Lecturer, Washington University, St. Louis, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1999 (IEEE) IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2000 Advising, University of Illinois, 1993, 1999 Honorary Editor, J. Applied and Computational Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Electronic Device Society, Mathematics, 2002- 1977-1999 Penner Distinguished Lecturer, University of California, University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997, 1999 San Diego, 2003 Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study, Editor-in-Chief, Automatica, 2004- 2000-2001 Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Narendra Ahuja Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize, IEEE Control Systems Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Society, 2004 Science Giorgio Quazza Medal, IFAC, 2005 Fellow, American Association for Artificial Intelligence Outstanding Service Award, IFAC, 2005 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Professor, Center for Advanced Study, University of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Illinois, 2005- Fellow, International Association for Pattern Recognition Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award, American Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering Automatic Control Council (AACC), 2006 University Scholar, University of Illinois Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Expert Now, 2007 Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for Swanlund Endowed Chair, University of Illinois, 2007 Advanced Study, 1990-1991
121 Honorary Doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa), Dogus Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2007 (IEEE), 1981 Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Rashid Bashir 1982 Bliss Professor, University of Illinois Henry Magnuski Professor, University of Illinois Purdue University Faculty Scholar, 2005-2010 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Visiting Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School 2000 Visiting Professor of Surgery, Shriner's Hospital for Alexander Graham Bell Medal, IEEE, 1998 Children Claude E. Shannon Award, IEEE, 2005 Visiting Professor of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Stephen Boppart Member, United States delegation to Japan for the Second Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, University of Japan-U.S. Joint Symposium on Nanotechnology in Illinois College of Engineering, 2003, 2005 Advanced Therapy and Diagnostics, Yokohama, Japan, Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) 2003 Award, National Science Foundation, 2004 Honorary Member, Golden Key International Honor Young Alumni Achievement Award, University of Illinois Society, 2005 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Education and Mentorship Award, BioMEMS and 2005 Biomedical Nanotechnology World Congress Meeting, Tau Beta Pi Outstanding Alumni Award, University of 2003 Illinois, 2005 Global Indus Technovator Award, MIT Sloan Business Early Career Achievement Award, Institute of Electrical School and the Indian Business Club, 2003 and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Engineering in Small Times Magazine Finalist, Innovator of the Year Medicine and Biology Society, 2005 Award, 2005 Elected Senior Member, IEEE, 2005 Agricultural Team Research Award, Purdue University, Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois Engineering 2006 Council, 2006, 2007 Visiting Professorship, Raine Medical Research Jennifer Bernhard Foundation, 2007 New Faculty Fellow, Sloan, 1997 Faculty Fellow, NASA-ASEE, 1999, 2000 Yoram Bresler Collins Scholar, University of Illinois College of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering, 2000 (IEEE) Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Technion Fellowship, 1995-1996 Engineers (IEEE), 2001 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999 Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced College of Engineering, 2002-2005 Study, 2001-2002 Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Donna J. Brown 2004 Outstanding Young Woman of America, 1984 H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, 2004 Marie-Christine Brunet College of Engineering Advisors Lists, 2003, 2004 Stephen G. Bishop College of Engineering Outstanding Advisors List, 2006 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Ronald W. Pratt Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, Science University of Illinois Department of Electrical and Fellow, American Physical Society Computer Engineering, 2007 Fellow, Optical Society of America Board of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992-2006 Andreas Cangellaris Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Richard Blahut (IEEE) Member, National Academy of Engineering, 1990 Fellow, IBM, 1980 Patrick Chapman Grainger Associate, 2002-
122 Deming Chen Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Most downloaded article from IEEE Transactions on (IEEE) CAD, “Power Modeling and Characteristics of Field Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Programmable Gate Arrays,”, 2006 Fellow, Optical Society of America Strathmore’s Who’s Who, 2007 EPSRC Fellow, Visiting Professor at Cavendish Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, University of Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007 Engineering Excellence Award, Optical Society of America Keh-Yung Cheng Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Study, 1995 (IEEE), 2001 Sabbatical Chair, Sony Research Center, Japan, 1995 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE Lasers and Electro- Science (AAAS), 2004 Optics Society (LEOS), 2004-2006 Ministry of Education Distinguished Visiting Chair William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award, IEEE Professor, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, LEOS, 2007 Taiwan, 2003-2004 Paul D. Coleman, Emeritus Weng C. Chew Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1993- (IEEE) Founder Professorship, University of Illinois College of Fellow, Optical Society of America Engineering, 1999-2005 Honorary Doctor of Science, Susquehanna University ISI Most Highly Cited Author (top 0.5%), 2002- Fellow, American Association Advancement of Science Fellow, Optical Society of America, 2003- Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Fellow, Institute of Physics, 2004 Y. T. Lo Endowed Chair Professor, University of Illinois James J. Coleman Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of 2005- Science Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE AP, 2005- Fellow, American Physical Society Cheng Tsang Man Visiting Professor, Nanyang Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Technological University, Singapore, 2006- (IEEE) IBM Faculty Award, 2006 Fellow, Optical Society of America IEEE LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement Yun Chiu Award CalView Teaching Fellow Award, University of California Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE, 1997-1998, 1998-1999 College of Engineering, 2003 Franklin Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002 International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2005 Chunhui Award for Foreign Visiting Scholars, China's Minh Do Ministry of Education, 2006 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois, 2006 Kent Choquette Best Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Fellow, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Society Technology Lausanne, 2001 Fellow, Optical Society of America Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Award, National Science Foundation, 2003 Society, 2000-2001 Best Paper Award at the Institute of Electrical and Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference Society, 2001-2002 on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Most Innovative Paper Award, IEEE International University of Illinois, 2004 Conference on Image Processing, 2006
Shun L. Chuang Fellow, American Physical Society
123 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent, 2006 President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society IBM Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on (LEOS), 1998 Image Processing, 2007 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Faculty Advisors List, University of Illinois College of Floyd Dunn, Emeritus Engineering, 2001, 2004 Member, National Academy of Engineering Awards Chair, IEEE LEOS, 2003, 2004 Member, National Academy of Sciences Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE LEOS, 2003-2005 Fellow and Past President, Acoustical Society of America Aron Kressel Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Engineers Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2005 Science Fellow, American Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Milton Feng Biology Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (IEEE) Fellow (founding), International Academy for Medical and Fellow, Optical Society of America Biological Engineering Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Fellow, Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1995, 1996, 1998 (IEEE) Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for Honorary Member, Japan Society for Ultrasound in Advanced Study, 1998 Medicine Nick Holonyak, Jr. Professorship, University of Illinois, Honorary Member, Rochester Center for Biomedical 2000-2005 Ultrasound Best Student Paper Award, International GaAs Research Fellow, National Institutes of Health Manufacturing Conference, 2003 Eleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Fellow, American Cancer Society, 1982-1983 Steven J. Franke Senior Fellow, Fulbright-Hays, 1982-1983 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1982, Engineers 1996 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1988 Leon A. Frizzell, Emeritus Fogarty International Fellow, 1990 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineers, 2000 Engineering Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine J. Gary Eden Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, American Physical Society Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding (IEEE) Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Fellow, Optical Society of America Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Chester S. Gardner Study, 1987-1988 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Science Society, 1990-1993 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Associate Editor, Photonics Technology Letters, (IEEE) 1990-1994 Fellow, Optical Society of America Vice President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and R. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA Electro-Optics Society, (LEOS), 1993-1995 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991 Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, CEDAR Prize Lecture, National Science Foundation, 1996 1996-2002 Editor, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum George Gross Electronics, 1996 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers James F. Towey University Scholar, University of Illinois, (IEEE) 1996-1999 Grainger Professor in Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1993-1998
124 Christoforos Hadjicostis Louis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993 Fellow, Josephine de Karman Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Fellow, National Semiconductor Corporation University of Illinois, 1996- Fellow, Grass Instrument Company Professor, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Recognized Reviewer of Institute of Electrical and Study, 1998- Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transaction on Honorary Doctor of Sciences, ETH Zuerich, 2003 Automatic Control, 2001 Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Nick Holonyak, Jr. Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Member, National Academy of Engineering Department, 2003 Member, National Academy of Sciences Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Willett Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois College of Engineers (IEEE) Engineering, 2005 Fellow, Optical Society of America Senior Member, IEEE, 2005 Fellow, American Physical Society Member, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois Bruce Hajek John Scott Medal, City of Philadelphia, 1975 Member, National Academy of Engineering Edison Medal, IEEE, 1989 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Medal of Science, 1990 (IEEE) Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwestern University, Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for 1992 Advanced Study, 1984 Honorary Member, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1986 Petersburg, Russia, 1992 Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1992 Centennial Medal, American Society for Engineering President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995 Education, 1993 Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award, John Bardeen Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer IEEE, 2003 Engineering and of Physics, University of Illinois, 1993- Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Notre Dame University, Ibrahim Hajj, Emeritus 1994 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, International Engineering Consortium (IEEE) Eminent Member, Eta Kappa Nu Administrative Vice President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Distinguished Alumnus, Tau Beta Pi Society, 2000, 2001, 2002 Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Sciences IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Lippold Haken Frederic Ives Medal, Optical Society of America, 2001 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their National Medal of Technology, 2002 Students, University of Illinois, 2006, 2007 Fellow, American Association Advancement Science IEEE Medal of Honor, 2003 Mark Hasegawa-Johnson Global Energy International Prize, 2003 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Washington Award, Western Society of Engineers, 2004 Engineers (IEEE) Lemelson-MIT Prize, 2004 F. V. Hunt Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Acoustical Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2004 Society of America, 1996-1997 Illinois Division Energy Conservation Award, Izaak Walton League of America, 2004 Karl Hess, Emeritus Laureate, Lincoln Academy of Illinois, 2005 Member, National Academy of Engineering, 2001 Member, Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) Hall Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2003 of Fame, 2006 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Thomas S. Huang Science Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Engineering (IEEE) Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellow, American Physical Society
125 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computerworld Medal Honors, 2002 (IEEE) Sanders III Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Endowed Chair, Fellow, International Association of Pattern Recognition University of Illinois Electrical and Computer Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Engineering Department, 2003 Fellow, Optical Society of America (SPIE) IEEE Micro's Top Picks, Microarchitecture Conference, Fellow, The International Optical Society 2005 Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1971 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Ravishankar K. Iyer Study, 1990 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1990 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of (IEEE) Tokyo, 1993 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Science 1993-1994 Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, University of Astronautics Illinois, 1996- Distinguished Visitor, IEEE, 1989- Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Washington, 1997 Advising, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 2001 Center for Advanced Study Professor, University of Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003- Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997 Honored as a Pioneer in Signal Processing at the IEEE George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998- Signal Processing, 1998 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Kanti Jain IEEE Jack Kilby Medal, 2001 Member, Board of Directors, International Society for King-Sun Fu Prize, International Association Pattern Optical Engineering (SPIE), 1992-1994 Recognition, 2002 Member, Executive Committee, Board of Directors, SPIE, IBM Faculty Award, 2003, 2007 1992, 1993 Tau Beta Pi Daniel Drucker Eminent Engineering Faculty Editor, Microlithography World, Pennwell Publishing Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Company and SPIE, 1992-2004 2005 Publications Chair, International Society for Optical Okawa Award for Information and Telecommunication Engineering, 1992, 1993 Technology, 2005 Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering, Scientist of the Year Award, Society for Imaging Science 1993 and Technology and SPIE Electronic Imaging, 2006 Founding Member, Department of Physics Advisory Honorary Chair, IEEE Conference on Multimedia and Board, University of Illinois, 1998-2002 Exhibition, 2006 Fellow, Optical Society of America, 1999 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Wen-Mei Hwu 2005 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Jianming Jin Certificate of Appreciation, for Service as Both General Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Program Chair for the Silver Anniversary MICRO Henry Magnuski Outstanding Young Scholar, 1998-2000 Conference, IEEE Computer Society Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery Douglas L. Jones Intel Associate Professor, University of Illinois Electrical Fulbright Fellowship, 1987 and Computer Engineering Department, 1992-1993 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1994 Franklin W. Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Sung-Mo Kang, Emeritus Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2000 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
126 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fred W. Ellersick Prize, IEEE Communications Society (IEEE) Donald P. Eckman Award, American Automatic Control Foreign Member, National Academy of Engineering of Council Korea President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1991 Jean-Pierre Leburton SRC Inventor Recognition Award, 1993, 1996, 2002 Member, New York Academy of Science Series Editor, Elsevier, 1994-1997 Fellow, American Association for Advancement of Charles Marshall University Scholar, University of Science Illinois, 1995 Fellow, American Physical Society Golden Jubilee Medal, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Fellow, Electro Chemical Society 1999 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 Fellow, Optical Society of America President, Silicon Valley Engineering Council, 2002 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim Hitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center Overseas Member, National Academy of Engineering, for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Korea, 2002 Tokyo, 1992 Chevalier Dans L’Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994 Ralf Koetter King Albert II of Belgium, Round Table on the “Mobility Co-Editor-in-Chief, Special Issue of the IEEE of European Research Scientist” European Science and Transactions on Information Theory Technology Commission, 2001 Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Inaugural Montefiore Distinguished Lecture, Penn State Communications, 1999-2000 University, 2002 Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information Gregory Stillman Professor in Electrical and Computer Theory, 2000- Engineering, University of Illinois College of Incomplete List of Teachers Rated Excellent, University Engineering, 2004 of Illinois, 2000 Gold Medal for Scientific Achievement, 75th Anniversary Collins Scholar, University of Illinois, 2000 of the Alumnus Association of the University of Liege, Willet Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois, 2002 Belgium, 2004 Quantum Devices Award, Outstanding Achievement in the Philip T. Krein Area of Compound Semiconductor Research, 2004 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Stephen Levinson William E. Newell Power Electronics Award, IEEE Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Grainger Endowed Director's Chair in Electric Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Electromechanics Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Zhi-Pei Liang Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1995-2002 University Scholar Award Past President, IEEE Power Electronics Society Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999-2002 Advanced Study, 1997 Division II Director, IEEE Henry Magnuski Scholar, University of Illinois College of Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics Society, Engineering, 1999 2005-2007 Daniel Liberzon P. R. Kumar Young Author Prize, International Federation of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Automatic Control, 2002 (IEEE) Member, National Academy of Engineering Chang Liu Franklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Academician, Academia Sinica, 1998 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2000- IEEE Field Award, Control Systems Michael C. Loui Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
127 University Distinguished Teacher/Scholar Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Carnegie Scholar, Carnegie Foundation for the 2006 Advancement of Teaching Best Paper Award, IPSI Studenica Conference, 2004 Executive Editor, College Teaching, 2006 Distinguished Contributions Award, ACM SIGSIM, 2007
Joseph W. Lyding William D. O'Brien, Jr. IBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983 Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for Biological Engineering Advanced Study, 1987-1988 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Study, 1996-1997 (Alum) Fellow, American Physical Society, 1997 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997 (IEEE) Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2000 President, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1988-1991 Jonathan Makela President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics Group, 1982-1983 Editors' Citation for Excellence in Refereeing for Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine Geophysical Research Letters, 2005 and Biology, 1991-1994 Associate Editor, American Geophysical Union, Honorary Member, Society of Vascular Technology Geophysical Research Letters, 2007- Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 National Research Council Post-Doctoral Research Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Fellowship, 2002-2004 Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-2001 Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics Award, National Science Foundation, 2007 and Frequency Control Society, 1997-1998 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Students, 2006 Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003- Sean Meyn Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Ultrasonics, Fulbright Research Scholar for Research on Optimization Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, 2003 and Network Scheduling, 1997 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Pierre Moulin MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health, 2006 Associate Editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics AIUM William J. Fry Memorial Lecture Award, 2007 Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Information 2006 Outstanding Paper Award, IEEE Ultrasonics, Theory, 1996-1998 Ferroelectronics, and Frequency Control Society, 2007 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Students, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 Michael L. Oelze Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Fellow, National Institute of Health Post-Doctoral Processing, 1999- Research, 2002-2004 Area Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2002- Thomas Overbye University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 2003 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Fellow, 2003 Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Information Forensics and Security, 2005- Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2002 Board of Governors, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, University of Illinois, 2005- 2001-2003 Sony Faculty Award, 2005
David Nicol Marion and Jason Whiting Fellowship, Oxford University, 2000 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
128 Alexander Schwarzkopf Prize for Technological Elected Member, IFIP Working Group 10.4 on Innovation, National Science Foundation Industry/ Dependable Computing University Cooperative Research Centers Program, Member, Sigma Xi 2005 Member, Eta Kappa Nu Distinguished Achievement Award, University Wisconsin Member, Motorola Research Visionary Board (RVB), Madison College of Engineering, 2005 2005 Member, Advisory Board for the Computational Sciences Janak H. Patel and Engineering Division (CSED) for Oak Ridge Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Laboratory, 2005 (IEEE) Elected Member, Board of Directors, ACM Sigmetrics, Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery 2001-2003, 2005-2007 Donald Biggar Willet Professor, University of Illinois Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their College of Engineering, 1999 Students, University of Illinois, 2002, 2003 Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering, William R. Perkins, Emeritus University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2005 Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Dilip V. Sarwate Past President, IEEE Control Systems Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Distinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems Society (IEEE) Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society, Peter W. Sauer 1986-1987 Member, National Academy of Engineering Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-1994 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers President, American Automatic Control Council, (IEEE) 1996-1997 U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995 Constantine D. Polychronopoulos Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of Board of Directors, Association for Computing Machinery Missouri-Rolla, 1996 SIGARCH Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue Editor, International Journal of High-Speed Computing, University, 2004 1989- Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, Mitsubishi Endowed Professorship, University of Tokyo, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999, 1993 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,2006 Grainger Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering, Umberto Ravaioli University of Illinois, 1998- Fellow, Institute of Physics, 1999 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Engineering Council Advisors List for Advising Excellence, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 1998, Chalmers F. Sechrist, Jr., Emeritus 2004, 2006 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, (IEEE) 2003 Past President and Vice President, IEEE Education Society
Elyse Rosenbaum Naresh Shanbhag Best Student Paper Award (co-author, faculty advisor), Distinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical and Electrical Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Electronics Engineers Circuits and Systems Society, Symposium, 2003 1997-1999 Bliss Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2005 IBM Faculty Award, 2006 Andrew Singer Hughes Aircraft Graduate Fellow William Sanders Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
129 Mark W. Spong Venu Veeravalli Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for (IEEE) Advanced Study, 2002-2003 Phi Beta Kappa Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois Visiting Professor, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium, College of Engineering, 2003 1997 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Editor, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems (IEEE), 2006 Technology, 1997-2000 Keynote Speaker at the International Workshop on Visiting Professor, National University of Singapore, 1999 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, 2006 Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding IEEE Signal Processing Society Young Author Best Paper Advising, University of Illinois, 1999, 2005 Award, 2006 Senior U. S. Scientist Research Prize, Alexander von Plenary Speaker at the IEEE Communication Theory Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1999 Workshop, 2007 Visiting Professor, Technical University of Munich, 2000 List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by their Students, Vice President for Publications, IEEE Control Systems 2007 Society, 2000-2002 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Pramod Viswanath Southwest Mechanics Lecture Series Distinguished Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Speaker, 2001 Award, National Science Foundation, 2003 Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003 Benjamin W. Wah John R. Ragazzini Control Education Award, American Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Automatic Control Council, 2004 Science (AAAS) President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2005 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Gregory Timp (IEEE) Bell Laboratories Fellowship, 1978-1979 Fellow, Society for Design and Process Science Fellow, IEEE University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989 Fellow, American Physical Society, 2006 IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-1992 Fellow Founding Member, American Academy of Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence Nanomedicine Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992 Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Science Data Engineering, 1993-1996 Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993- John Tucker McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California, Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Berkeley, 1994 Engineers (IEEE) Second Vice President, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 Fellow, American Physical Society First Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 Robert T. Chien Professor of Electrical and Computer Nitin Vaidya Engineering, University of Illinois, 1999-2003 Distinguished Visitor Program Speaker, Institute of IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer President, IEEE Computer Society, 2001 Society, 1998-2001 Sun Yun-suan Honorary Chair Professor, National Best Paper Award, The Eighth International Conference on Tsinghua University, 2002 Personal Wireless Communications (PWC), Venice, Raymond T. Yeh Life Time Achievement Award, Society 2003 for Design and Process Science, 2003 Editor-in-Chief, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing Franklin Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer and Communications Review (MC2R), 2003-2004 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2004- Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Mobile First Prize, Suboptimal Temporal Metric Track, Fourth Computing, 2005- Intel Planning Competition, 2004 Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on Tools for Artificial Intelligence, 2005
130 W. Wallace-McDowell Medal, IEEE Computer Society, 2006
Martin Wong IBM Faculty Award, 2000, 2004 David Bruton Centennial Professor in Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2001 Best-of-20-Years ICCAD Paper, 2002 IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2005-
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