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Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment Ofacoetes

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Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment Ofacoetes Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, and Euarche Ehlers, 1887 MARIAN H. PETTIBONE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 464 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 464 Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, and Euarche Ehlers, 1887 Marian H. Pettibone SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 ABSTRACT Pettibone, Marian H. Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832,and Euarche Ehlers, 1887. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 464, 138 pages, 96 figures, 1989.— The family Acoetidae is reviewed and revised, based on reexamination of type material and published records, as well as on examination of new material. A chronological synopsis of the family, genera, and species, as well as a summary of the general characteristics of the family are included. According to the present study, the family includes 8 genera and 46 species, of which 13 are described as new, as well as one doubtful subspecies. Particularly interesting features in this group include the gigantic sizes of the specimens, tube-dwelling habits and formation of tubes from parapodial spinning glands, the large stalked eyes or ommatophores, and large eversible pharynx or proboscis with denticled jaws and long papillae in connection with a carnivorous life style. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATA is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatkm Data Pettibone, Marian H. Revision of the aphroditoid polychaetes of die family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, and Euarche Ehlers, 1887. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 464) Bibliography: p. Supt of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:464 1. Acoetidae—Classification. I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 no. 464 [Q1391.A6] 591 s-dc20 [595.1P47] Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbreviations Used in the Figures 1 Acknowledgments 2 Chronological Synopsis of Family Acoetidae, Genera, and Species 2 Family ACOETIDAE Kinberg, 1858 6 General Characteristics of the Family Acoetidae (= Polyodontidae) 7 Morphology 7 Biology 11 Associated Animals 11 Distribution 12 Key to the Genera of Acoetidae 12 Genus Euarche Ehlers, 1887 13 Key to the Species of Euarche 13 Euarche tubifex Ehlers, 1887 14 Euarche maculosa (Treadwell, 1931) 18 Euarche mexicana, new species 22 Genus Eupanthalis Mclntosh, 1876 24 Key to the Species of Eupanthalis 24 Eupanthalis kinbergi Mclntosh, 1876 24 Eupanthalis edriophthalma (Potts, 1910) 27 Eupanthalis elongata (Treadwell, 1931), new combination 29 Eupanthalis aena (Moore, 1903), new combination 31 Genus Zachsiella Buzhinskaja, 1982 32 Zachsiella nigromaculata (Grube, 1878) 32 Genus Eupolyodontes Buchanan, 1894 35 Key to the Species of Eupolyodontes 36 Eupolyodontes cornishii Buchanan, 1894 36 Eupolyodontes batabanoensis Ibarz&bal, 1988 39 Eupolyodontes amboinensis Malaquin and Dehorne, 1907 43 Eupolyodontes thomassini, new species 46 Eupolyodontes hartmanae, new species 49 Eupolyodontes mitsukurii (Izuka, 1904) 51 Eupolyodontes gulo (Grube, 1855) 51 Genus Neopanthalis Strelzov, 1968 51 Neopanthalis pelamida Strelzov, 1968 51 Genus Panthalis Kinberg, 1856 52 Key to the Species of Panthalis 52 Panthalis oerstedi Kinberg, 1856 53 Panthalis oerstedi capensis Mclntosh, 1924 56 Panthalis fauveli, new species 56 Panthalis Zanzibarensis, new species 57 Panthalis mutilata (Treadwell, 1906) 59 Panthalis novaezealandiae Knox, 1960 62 Panthalis alaminosae, new species 64 Genus Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832 67 Key to the Species of Acoetes 69 iii iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Acoetes pleei Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832 70 Acoetes melanonota (Grube, 1876), new combination 75 Acoetes bicolor (Grube, 1877), new combination 77 Acoetes congoensis, new species 80 Acoetes bataensis, new species 82 Acoetes mohammadi, new species 84 Acoetes flagellifor mis (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949), new combination 87 Acoetes pacifica (Treadwell, 1914), new combination 87 Acoetes mortenseni (Monro, 1928), new combination 91 Acoetes grubei (Kinberg, 1856), new combination 93 Acoetes southcarolinensis, new species 95 Acoetes jogasimae (Izuka, 1912), new combination 98 Genus Polyodontes Renieri, 1828 98 Key to the Species of Polyodontes 98 Polyodontes maxillosus (Ranzani, 1817) 101 Polyodontes australiensis (Mclntosh, 1885) 103 Polyodontes atromarginatus Horst, 1917 106 Polyodontes sibogae Horst, 1917 108 Polyodontes tidemani Pflugfelder, 1932 110 Polyodontes jolli, new species 112 Polyodontes panamensis (Chamberlin, 1919) 113 Polyodontes frons Hartman, 1939 116 Polyodontes lupinus (Stimpson, 1856) 120 Polyodontes oculeus (Treadwell, 1901) 126 Polyodontes texanus, new species 129 Polyodontes frankenbergi, new species 129 Literature Cited 134 Revision of the Aphroditoid Polychaetes of the Family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and Reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, and Euarche Ehlers, 1887 Marian H. Pettibone Introduction Eupolyodontes Buchanan, 1894, type species: E. cornishii; with 7 species (1 doubtful, plus 1 synonym), 2 new species. In connection with an extended study on the scaled Neopanthalis Strelzov, 1968, type species: N. pelamida; with 1 species. polychaetous annelids of the Superfamily Aphroditacea, the Zachsiella Buzhinskaja, 1982, type species: Z. nigromaculata (Grube, 1878); species that can be referred to the Family Acoetidae are with 1 species (plus 2 synonyms). reviewed and revised, based on reexamination of the type- specimens, where possible, and additional published records, ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FIGURES as well as new material. According to the present revisionary study, the Family br branchia Acoetidae is represented by 8 genera (including 2 synonyms), buC buccal cirrus 46 species (3 doubtful, plus 16 synonyms), 13 new species, 9 cemAn ceratophore median antenna new combinations, and 1 doubtful subspecies. The genera dBr dorsal or anterodorsal bract Acoetes and Euarche are reinstated herein. Listed chronologi- dC dorsal cirrus cally, the genera are as follows. dTc dorsal tentacular cirrus Pdyodontes Renieri, 1828, type species: P. maxillosus (Ranzani, 1817); with elph elytrophore 12 species (plus 4 synonyms), 3 new species. lAn lateral antenna Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, type species: A. pleei; synonym mAn median antenna Eupompe Kinberg, 1856, type species: E. grubei; with 12 species (1 ne neuropodium doubtful, plus 4 synonyms), 4 new species, 7 new combinations. notopodium Panthalis Kinberg, 1856, type species: P. oerstedi: with 6 species (plus 3 no synonyms), 3 new species, 1 new combination, plus 1 doubtful subspecies. noS notoseta Eupant halts Mclntosh, 1876, type species: E. kinbergi; synonym Rest to J. pa palp Moore, 1903, type species: R. aenus; with 4 species (1 doubtful), 2 new prBr prostomial branchia combinations. si slit Euarche Ehlers, 1887, type species: E. tubifex; with 3 species (plus 2 spinning fibers synonyms), 1 new species. spF vBr ventral or anteroventral bract ventral cirrus Marian H. Pettibone, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National vC Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, vTc ventral tentacular cirrus DC. 20560. SMITHSONIAN
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