DOCSLIB.ORG

The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, Taxonomy and Phylogeny © Copyright Australian Museum, 1999 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 25 (1999). ISBN 0-7313-8856-9 The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, Taxonomy and Phylogeny CHRISTOPHER J. GLASBY National Institute for Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 14-901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT. A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Namanereidinae (Nereididae: Polychaeta) is presented. The cladistic analysis utilising 39 morphological characters (76 apomorphic states) yielded 10,000 minimal-length trees and a highly unresolved Strict Consensus tree. However, monophyly of the Namanereidinae is supported and two clades are identified: Namalycastis containing 18 species and Namanereis containing 15 species. The monospecific genus Lycastoides, represented by L. alticola Johnson, is too poorly known to be included in the analysis. Classification of the subfamily is modified to reflect the phylogeny. Thus, Namalycastis includes large-bodied species having four pairs of tentacular cirri; autapomorphies include the presence of short, subconical antennae and enlarged, flattened and leaf-like posterior cirrophores. Namanereis includes smaller-bodied species having three or four pairs of tentacular cirri; autapomorphies include the absence of dorsal cirrophores, absence of notosetae and a tripartite pygidium. Cryptonereis Gibbs, Lycastella Feuerborn, Lycastilla Solís-Weiss & Espinasa and Lycastopsis Augener become junior synonyms of Namanereis. Thirty-six species are described, including seven new species of Namalycastis (N. arista n.sp., N. borealis n.sp., N. elobeyensis n.sp., N. intermedia n.sp., N. macroplatis n.sp., N. multiseta n.sp., N. nicoleae n.sp.), four new species of Namanereis (N. minuta n.sp., N. serratis n.sp., N. stocki n.sp., N. sublittoralis n.sp.), and three widespread species groups (Namalycastis abiuma, Namanereis littoralis, N. quadraticeps). Fourteen species are newly placed into synonymy, Lycastis maxillo-falciformis Harms, L. maxillo-ovata Harms, L. maxillo-robusta Harms, Lycastis meraukensis Horst, L. nipae Pflugfelder, L. ouanaryensis Gravier, L. ranauensis Feuerborn, L. vivax Pflugfelder, Lycastopsis augeneri Okuda, L. tecolutlensis Rioja, Namalycastis rigida Pillai, N. tachinensis Rosenfeldt, N. vuwaensis Ryan, and Namanereis littoralis Hutchings & Turvey. A neotype is designated for Namalycastis hawaiiensis (Johnson), and lectotypes are designated for Namalycastis geayi (Gravier), N. senegalensis (Saint-Joseph), N. terrestris (Pflugfelder), Namanereis amboinensis (Pflugfelder) and N. littoralis (Grube). Keys to genera and species are given. Namanereidinae are generally confined to the tropics and subtropics. Maximum species-diversity occurs in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific, in particular in coastal areas subjected to recent uplifting, where both littoral-zone and freshwater (riparian and subterranean) forms occur. Phylogenetic results indicate that in both Namalycastis and Namanereis there is a preference for freshwater habitats among species with apomorphic traits (corollary being that marine habitats are favoured by the plesiomorphic members). This suggests that the ancestor of the Namanereidinae was a euryhaline coastal species. GLASBY, CHRISTOPHER J., 1999. The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, taxonomy and phylogeny. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 25: 1–129. 2 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 25 (1999) Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................3 Historical review ......................................................................................................................3 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................6 Terminology, definitions and abbreviations ............................................................................8 Taxonomic and phylogenetic characters..................................................................................9 Phylogenetic analysis ...............................................................................................................15 Taxonomic account ..................................................................................................................24 Namanereidinae........................................................................................................................24 Key to the genera of Namanereidinae .....................................................................................25 Lycastoides ...............................................................................................................................25 Lycastoides alticola ............................................................................................................25 Namalycastis ............................................................................................................................28 Key to the species of Namalycastis .........................................................................................29 Namalycastis abiuma .........................................................................................................31 Namalycastis abiuma species group ..................................................................................31 Namalycastis arista n.sp. ...................................................................................................35 Namalycastis borealis n.sp. ................................................................................................37 Namalycastis brevicornis n.comb. .....................................................................................40 Namalycastis elobeyensis n.sp. ..........................................................................................42 Namalycastis fauveli...........................................................................................................45 Namalycastis geayi n.comb. ...............................................................................................47 Namalycastis hawaiiensis ..................................................................................................49 Namalycastis indica ...........................................................................................................52 Namalycastis intermedia n.sp. ...........................................................................................55 Namalycastis kartaboensis n.comb. ...................................................................................57 Namalycastis longicirris.....................................................................................................59 Namalycastis macroplatis n.sp. ..........................................................................................61 Namalycastis multiseta n.sp. ..............................................................................................63 Namalycastis nicoleae n.sp. ...............................................................................................65 Namalycastis senegalensis .................................................................................................65 Namalycastis siolii..............................................................................................................70 Namalycastis terrestris .......................................................................................................71 Namanereis ...............................................................................................................................73 Key to the species of Namanereis ............................................................................................74 Namanereis amboinensis ....................................................................................................76 Namanereis beroni..............................................................................................................79 Namanereis catarractarum ................................................................................................81 Namanereis cavernicola n.comb. .......................................................................................83 Namanereis hummelincki ...................................................................................................86 Namanereis littoralis ..........................................................................................................89 Namanereis littoralis species group ...................................................................................91 Namanereis malaitae n.comb. ............................................................................................94 Namanereis minuta n.sp. ....................................................................................................96 Namanereis pontica n.comb. ..............................................................................................98 Namanereis quadraticeps species group............................................................................100 Namanereis riojai n.comb. .................................................................................................104 Namanereis serratis n.sp. ...................................................................................................106
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title the Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Yankich Island (Middle
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository The Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Yankich Island (Middle Kuril Title Islands) Author(s) Kussakin, Oleg G.; Kostina, Elena E. PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1996), 37(3-6): 201-225 Issue Date 1996-12-25 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/176267 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Pub!. Seto Mar. Bioi. Lab., 37(3/6): 201-225, 1996 201 The Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Y ankich Island (Middle Kuril Islands) 0LEG G. KUSSAKIN and ELENA E. KOSTINA Institute of Marine Biology, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Vladivostok 690041, Russia Abstract A description of the intertidal biota of volcanic Yankich Island (Ushishir Islands, Kuril Islands) is given. The species composition and vertical distribution pattern of the intertidal communities at various localities are described in relation to environmental factors, such as nature of the substrate, surf conditions and volcanic vent water. The macrobenthos is poor in the areas directly influenced by high tempera­ ture (20-40°C) and high sulphur content. There are no marked changes in the intertidal communities in the areas of volcanic springs that are characterised by temperature below 10°C and by the absence of sulphur compounds. In general, the species composi­ tion and distribution of the intertidal biota are ordinary for the intertidal zone of the middle Kuril Islands. But there are departures from the typical zonation of the intertidal biota. Also, mass populations of Balanus crenatus appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaetes Associated with a Tropical Ocean Outfall: Synthesis of a Biomonitoring Program Off O'ahu, Hawai'f
    Polychaetes Associated with a Tropical Ocean Outfall: Synthesis ofa Biomonitoring Program off O'ahu, Hawai'F J. H. Bailey-Brock,2,3,4,5 B. Paavo,3,4 B. M. Barrett,3,4 and J. Dreyer3,4 Abstract: A comparison of benthic polychaete communities off the Sand Island Wastewater Outfall was undertaken to recognize organic enrichment indicator species for Hawaiian waters. Primary-treatment sewage is discharged off the south shore of O'ahu at 70 m depth. A historical data set spanning 9 yr for seven sites at 70 m and two recent studies at 20, 50, and 100 m depths were analyzed. Geochemical data did not support the assumption that the outfall is an im­ portant source of organic enrichment in nutrient-poor sandy sediments within oligotrophic tropical waters. Five polychaete species, however, appeared partic­ ularly sensitive, positively or negatively, to environmental conditions near the outfall. Neanthes arenaceodentata (Nereididae) and Ophryotrocha adherens (Dor­ villeidae) have been dominant at sites within the outfall's zone of initial dilution (ZID). Since 1993, N arenaceodentata has virtually disappeared, and 0. adherens concurrently became abundant and continued to flourish at ZID sites. Well­ known indicators within the Capitella capitata complex (Capitellidae) were pres­ ent at ZID and control (far field) sites though their ZID abundance was greater. Two sabellids, Euchone sp. Band Augeneriella dubia were inversely distributed, the smaller Euchone sp. B at far field sites and larger A. dubia within ZID sta­ tions. The former was most likely restricted to a greater proportion offine sed­ iment particles at two far field sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida
    Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida) an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans Watson, Charlotte; Tilic, Ekin; Rouse, Greg W. Published in: Zootaxa DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.2 Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Watson, C., Tilic, E., & Rouse, G. W. (2019). Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida): an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans. Zootaxa, 4671(3), 339-368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.2 Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 Zootaxa 4671 (3): 339–368 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:99459D5F-3C35-4F7D-9768-D70616676851 Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida): an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans CHARLOTTE WATSON1, EKIN TILIC2 & GREG W. ROUSE2 1Museum & Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Box 4646, Darwin, 0801 NT, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The formerly monotypic taxon, Hyalopale bispinosa Perkins 1985 (Chrysopetalinae), is comprised of a cryptic species complex from predominantly tropical embayments and island reefs of the Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotoxicology of Estuarine Amphipod Paracorophium Excavatum
    E icolo fEstua ·ne Amphipod Paracorophium excavatum A thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment the requirements for Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science at The University of Canterbury by Carol Wong Hee Ting University of Canterbury 1999 ABSTRACT The estuarine tube dwelling amphipod Paracorophium excavatum was investigated for its suitability as a bio-indicator and bio-monitor. Distribution patterns of P. excavatum were determined at 13 sites in the Canterbury region that differed in particle size distribution ranging from sandy to muddy sediment, with overall10w organic content. Low tide salinity ranged from 5 to 33 0/00 between sites and sediment moisture content ranged between 23 to 41 % moisture. Amphipods were absent from most sites within the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. The availability, life history and fecundity of P. excavatum were compared from intertidal mudflat sites in Brooklands Lagoon and Kairaki over a period of thirteen months. Four sediment core samples were collected at monthly intervals and P. excavatum IS population structure and life history pattern studied. The life history til· <: of P. excavatum can be characterised bY fast-growing, annual, iteroporous, bivoltine, females ovigerous throughout the year and thelygenous (female biased) population. P. excavatum showed relative consistency in abundance throughout the year with monthly densities ranging from 875.79 per 0.1 m-2 (July) to 1754.77 per 0.1 m-2 (December) at Brooklands Lagoon and 1031.83 per 0.1 m2 (November) to 1780.24 per 0.1 m2 (December) at Kairaki. There was a linear relationship between numbers of eggs per female and female length.
    [Show full text]
  • Chaetal Type Diversity Increases During Evolution of Eunicida (Annelida)
    Org Divers Evol (2016) 16:105–119 DOI 10.1007/s13127-015-0257-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chaetal type diversity increases during evolution of Eunicida (Annelida) Ekin Tilic1 & Thomas Bartolomaeus1 & Greg W. Rouse2 Received: 21 August 2015 /Accepted: 30 November 2015 /Published online: 15 December 2015 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2015 Abstract Annelid chaetae are a superior diagnostic character Keywords Chaetae . Molecular phylogeny . Eunicida . on species and supraspecific levels, because of their structural Systematics variety and taxon specificity. A certain chaetal type, once evolved, must be passed on to descendants, to become char- acteristic for supraspecific taxa. Therefore, one would expect Introduction that chaetal diversity increases within a monophyletic group and that additional chaetae types largely result from transfor- Chaetae in annelids have attracted the interest of scientist for a mation of plesiomorphic chaetae. In order to test these hypoth- very long time, making them one of the most studied, if not the eses and to explain potential losses of diversity, we take up a most studied structures of annelids. This is partly due to the systematic approach in this paper and investigate chaetation in significance of chaetal features when identifying annelids, Eunicida. As a backbone for our analysis, we used a three- since chaetal structure and arrangement are highly constant gene (COI, 16S, 18S) molecular phylogeny of the studied in species and supraspecific taxa. Aside from being a valuable eunicidan species. This phylogeny largely corresponds to pre- source for taxonomists, chaetae have also been the focus of vious assessments of the phylogeny of Eunicida. Presence or many studies in functional ecology (Merz and Edwards 1998; absence of chaetal types was coded for each species included Merz and Woodin 2000; Merz 2015; Pernet 2000; Woodin into the molecular analysis and transformations for these char- and Merz 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Nereis Vexillosa Class: Polychaeta, Errantia
    Phylum: Annelida Nereis vexillosa Class: Polychaeta, Errantia Order: Phyllodocida, Nereidiformia A large mussel worm Family: Nereididae, Nereidinae Taxonomy: One may find several subjective third setiger (Hilbig 1997). Posterior notopo- synonyms for Nereis vexillosa, but none are dial lobes gradually change into long strap- widely used currently. like ligules (Fig. 6), with dorsal cirrus inserted terminally (most important species characte- Description ristic). The parapodia of epitokous individuals Size: Individuals living in gravel are larger are modified for swimming and are wide and than those on pilings and sizes range from plate-like (Kozloff 1993). 150–300 mm in length (Johnson 1943; Rick- Setae (chaetae): Notopodia bear ho- etts and Calvin 1971; Kozloff 1993) and up mogomph spinigers anteriorly (Fig. 8d) that to 12 mm in width (Hartman 1968). gradually transition to few short homogomph Epitokous adults are much larger than sex- falcigers posteriorly (Fig. 8a). Both anterior ually immature individuals. For example, and posterior neuropodia have homo- and one year old heteronereids were at least 560 heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 8c, d) and heter- mm in length (Johnson 1943). ogomph falcigers (Fig. 8b) (Nereis, Hilbig Color: Body color grey and iridescent green, 1997). Acicula, or heavy internal black blue and red body color. Females have spines, are found on all noto- and neuropodia more a reddish posterior than males (Kozloff (Figs. 6). 1993). Eyes/Eyespots: Two pairs of small ocelli are General Morphology: Thick worms that are present on the prostomium (Fig. 2). rather wide for their length (Fig. 1). Anterior Appendages: Prostomium bears Body: More than 100 body segments are two small antennae and two massive palps normal for this species (Hartman 1968), the each with small styles.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 22 No. 6 2003 October
    October, 2003 SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 22, No. 6 SUBJECT: B’03 Polychaetes continued - Polycirrus spp, Magelonidae, Lumbrineridae, and Glycera americana/ G. pacifica/G. nana. GUEST SPEAKER: none DATE: 12 Jaunuary 2004 TIME: 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p. m. LOCATION: LACMNH - Worm Lab SWITCHED AT BIRTH The reader may notice that although this is only the October newsletter, the minutes from the November meeting are included. This is not proof positive that time travel is possible, but reflects the mysterious translocation of minutes from the September meeting to a foster home in Detroit. Since the November minutes were typed and ready to go, rather than delay yet another newsletter during this time of frantic “catching up”, your secretary made the decision to go with what was available. Let me assure everyone that the September minutes will be included in next month’s newsletter. Megan Lilly (CSD) NOVEMBER MINUTES The October SCAMIT meeting on Piromis sp A fide Harris 1985 miscellaneous polychaete issues was cancelled Anterior dorsal view. Image by R. Rowe due to the wildfire situation in Southern City of San Diego California. It has been rescheduled for January ITP Regional 2701 rep. 1, 24July00, depth 264 ft. The SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. October, 2003 SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 22, No. 6 12th. The scheduled topics remain: 1) made to accommodate all expected Polycirrus spp, 2) Magelonidae, 3) participants. If you don’t have his contact Lumbrineridae, and 4) Glycera americana/G. information, RSVP to Secretary Megan Lilly at pacifica/G.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida, Amphinomidae) in the Mediterranean Sea with an Updated Revision of the Alien Mediterranean Amphinomids
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 337: 19–33 (2013)On the occurrence of the firewormEurythoe complanata complex... 19 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.337.5811 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research On the occurrence of the fireworm Eurythoe complanata complex (Annelida, Amphinomidae) in the Mediterranean Sea with an updated revision of the alien Mediterranean amphinomids Andrés Arias1, Rômulo Barroso2,3, Nuria Anadón1, Paulo C. Paiva4 1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33071, Spain 2 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Museu de Zoologia da Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil 4 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Corresponding author: Andrés Arias ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Glasby | Received 17 June 2013 | Accepted 19 September 2013 | Published 30 September 2013 Citation: Arias A, Barroso R, Anadón N, Paiva PC (2013) On the occurrence of the fireworm Eurythoe complanata complex (Annelida, Amphinomidae) in the Mediterranean Sea with an updated revision of the alien Mediterranean amphinomids. ZooKeys 337: 19–33. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.337.5811 Abstract The presence of two species within the Eurythoe complanata complex in the Mediterranean Sea is reported, as well as their geographical distributions. One species, Eurythoe laevisetis, occurs in the eastern and cen- tral Mediterranean, likely constituting the first historical introduction to the Mediterranean Sea and the other, Eurythoe complanata, in both eastern and Levantine basins. Brief notes on their taxonomy are also provided and their potential pathways for introduction to the Mediterranean are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproduction, Population Dynamics and Production of Nereis Falsa (Nereididae: Polychaeta) on the Rocky Coast of El Kala National Park, Algeria
    Helgol Mar Res (2011) 65:165–173 DOI 10.1007/s10152-010-0212-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reproduction, population dynamics and production of Nereis falsa (Nereididae: Polychaeta) on the rocky coast of El Kala National Park, Algeria Tarek Daas • Mourad Younsi • Ouided Daas-Maamcha • Patrick Gillet • Patrick Scaps Received: 8 January 2010 / Revised: 1 July 2010 / Accepted: 2 July 2010 / Published online: 18 July 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2010 Abstract The polychaete Nereis falsa Quatrefages, 1866 N. falsa was 1.45 g m-2 year-1, and the production/bio- is present in the area of El Kala National Park on the East mass ratio was 1.07 year-1. coast of Algeria. Field investigations were carried out from January to December 2007 to characterize the populations’ Keywords Nereididae Á Population dynamics Á reproductive cycle, secondary production and dynamics. Production Á Reproduction Reproduction followed the atokous type, and spawning occured from mid-June to the end of August/early September when sea temperature was highest (20–23°C). Introduction The diameter of mature oocytes was approximately 180 lm. Mean lifespan was estimated to about one year. In The polychaete Nereis falsa Quatrefages, 1866 has a wide 2007, the mean density was 11.27 ind. m-2 with a mini- geographical distribution. This species has been recorded mum of 7.83 ind. m-2 in April and a maximum of 14.5 ind. along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean [Atlantic coast of m-2 in February. The mean annual biomass was Morocco (Fadlaoui and Retie`re 1995), Namibia (Glassom 1.36 g m-2 (fresh weight) with a minimum of 0.86 g m-2 and Branch 1997) and South Africa (Day 1967), North in December and a maximum of 2.00 g m-2 in June.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression of Distal-Less, Dachshund, and Optomotor Blind in Neanthes Arenaceodentata
    Dev Genes Evol (2010) 220:275–295 DOI 10.1007/s00427-010-0346-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Expression of Distal-less, dachshund, and optomotor blind in Neanthes arenaceodentata (Annelida, Nereididae) does not support homology of appendage-forming mechanisms across the Bilateria Christopher J. Winchell & Jonathan E. Valencia & David K. Jacobs Received: 26 July 2010 /Accepted: 9 November 2010 /Published online: 30 November 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The similarity in the genetic regulation of mesoderm. Domains of omb expression include the brain, arthropod and vertebrate appendage formation has been nerve cord ganglia, one pair of anterior cirri, presumed interpreted as the product of a plesiomorphic gene precursors of dorsal musculature, and the same pharyngeal network that was primitively involved in bilaterian ganglia and presumed interneurons that express dac. appendage development and co-opted to build appen- Contrary to their roles in outgrowing arthropod and dages (in modern phyla) that are not historically related vertebrate appendages, Dll, dac,andomb lack comparable as structures. Data from lophotrochozoans are needed to expression in Neanthes appendages, implying independent clarify the pervasiveness of plesiomorphic appendage- evolution of annelid appendage development. We infer forming mechanisms. We assayed the expression of three that parapodia and arthropodia are not structurally or arthropod and vertebrate limb gene orthologs, Distal-less mechanistically homologous (but their primordia might (Dll), dachshund (dac), and optomotor blind (omb), in be), that Dll’s ancestral bilaterian function was in sensory direct-developing juveniles of the polychaete Neanthes and central nervous system differentiation, and that arenaceodentata.
    [Show full text]
  • Neanthes Limnicola Class: Polychaeta, Errantia
    Phylum: Annelida Neanthes limnicola Class: Polychaeta, Errantia Order: Phyllodocida, Nereidiformia A mussel worm Family: Nereididae, Nereidinae Taxonomy: Depending on the author, Ne- wider than long, with a longitudinal depression anthes is currently considered a separate or (Fig. 2b). subspecies to the genus Nereis (Hilbig Trunk: Very thick segments that are 1997). Nereis sensu stricto differs from the wider than they are long, gently tapers to pos- genus Neanthes because the latter genus terior (Fig. 1). includes species with spinigerous notosetae Posterior: Pygidium bears two, styli- only. Furthermore, N. limnicola has most form ventrolateral anal cirri that are as long as recently been included in the genus (or sub- last seven segments (Fig. 1) (Hartman 1938). genus) Hediste due to the neuropodial setal Parapodia: The first two setigers are unira- morphology (Sato 1999; Bakken and Wilson mous. All other parapodia are biramous 2005; Tusuji and Sato 2012). However, re- (Nereididae, Blake and Ruff 2007) where both production is markedly different in N. limni- notopodia and neuropodia have acicular lobes cola than other Hediste species (Sato 1999). and each lobe bears 1–3 additional, medial Thus, synonyms of Neanthes limnicola in- and triangular lobes (above and below), called clude Nereis limnicola (which was synony- ligules (Blake and Ruff 2007) (Figs. 1, 5). The mized with Neanthes lighti in 1959 (Smith)), notopodial ligule is always smaller than the Nereis (Neanthes) limnicola, Nereis neuropodial one. The parapodial lobes are (Hediste) limnicola and Hediste limnicola. conical and not leaf-like or globular as in the The predominating name in current local in- family Phyllodocidae. (A parapodium should tertidal guides (e.g.
    [Show full text]