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SIMULATION of BASIC MULTI-HOP BROADCAST TECHNIQUES in VEHICULAR Ad-Hoc NETWORKS USING VEINS SIMULATOR”

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SIMULATION of BASIC MULTI-HOP BROADCAST TECHNIQUES in VEHICULAR Ad-Hoc NETWORKS USING VEINS SIMULATOR” “SIMULATION OF BASIC MULTI-HOP BROADCAST TECHNIQUES IN VEHICULAR Ad-Hoc NETWORKS USING VEINS SIMULATOR” A Master's Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Escola Tècnica d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació de Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya by David Leonardo Renjifo Herrera In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING Advisor: Mónica Aguilar Igartua Co-Advisor: Cristhian Iza Barcelona, February 2016 Title of the thesis: “Simulation of basic multi-hop broadcast techniques in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks using VEINS simulator”. Author: David Leonardo Renjifo Herrera Advisor: Mónica Aguilar Igartua Co-advisor: Cristhian Iza Abstract This project presents to the reader an incursion into the world of smart cities and vehicles, intelligent transport systems, and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). They are conceptually analyzed, studied in terms of requirements, framework, architecture, applications and standardization. The main objective of this project is the simulation of basic techniques of message dissemination in VANETs, this project shows a brief description of broadcast dissemination techniques. Also, it is necessary to analyze simulation of VANETs. For this reason, it presents a brief description of mobility generators, network simulators and VANETs simulators paying attention to the open source ones. The main focus is set on the VEINS simulation framework, due to its high performance results and a bidirectional coupling between the network and the traffic simulators. From that point, the project is aimed at analyzing the basic paradigms of VEINS components (OMNeT++, SUMO and the TraCI module) and providing a study on their features. Three techniques are simulated (Flooding, Counter and Probability schemes) in two different scenarios (urban and highway), the simulation results are shown focused on the amount of retransmitting nodes, percentage of reached nodes, amount of packets sent, average packet delay, and percentage of packets received. Finally, a detailed manual is presented to the reader. This manual shows how to install the VEINS simulator and its components in both Windows and Linux systems. In addition, it shows how to create a scenario from an extracted map from OpenStreetMap. Keywords: Intelligent transport systems, Vehicular ad-hoc networks, VANETs simulators, VEINS, SUMO, OMNeT++. 1 Acknowledgements Two years ago this adventure begun and I would like to thank all the people who have accompanied me during this stage of my life. Thank God for guiding me in every moment of my life and his immeasurable love. Thank my family for their unconditional support, especially my parents Monica and Leonardo who are the best. Thank Cristhian Iza and Monica Aguilar for the opportunity to work with them and go into world of vehicular networks. Thank you very much! 2 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 8 List of tables ............................................................................................................................. 12 Symbols and acronyms ............................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 15 1.1 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................ 15 1.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 16 1.2.1 General objective ........................................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 Specific objectives .......................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Contents and organization of the Master’s Thesis ................................................................ 16 Chapter 2 Smart cities and vehicles .......................................................................................... 19 2.1 Smart City ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Definition ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.1.2 Smart city applications ................................................................................................... 21 2.1.3 Construction of smart transportation ............................................................................ 22 2.2 Smart Vehicles ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 Definition ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.2 General architecture ...................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3 Intelligent Transport Systems ................................................................................... 25 3.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 26 3.3 Framework ............................................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Classification and applications of Intelligent Transport Systems .......................................... 27 3.4.1 Advanced Traveler Information Systems ....................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Advanced Transportation Management System ........................................................... 29 3.4.3 Commercial Vehicle Operation ...................................................................................... 29 3.4.4 Advanced Public Transportation System ....................................................................... 29 3.4.5 Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety System ............................................................... 29 Chapter 4 Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks ...................................................................................... 30 4.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Architecture ........................................................................................................................... 31 3 4.2.1 Main Components .......................................................................................................... 32 4.2.2 Communication architecture ......................................................................................... 35 4.3 Vehicular network applications ............................................................................................. 37 4.4 Standardization ...................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.1 Dedicated Short Range Communication ........................................................................ 38 4.4.2 IEEE 1609 Standards for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) ............... 39 Chapter 5 Message dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks ............................................. 41 5.1 VANET message dissemination .............................................................................................. 41 5.2 Broadcast in the link layer ..................................................................................................... 41 5.3 Vehicular multi-hop broadcast .............................................................................................. 42 5.3.1 Blind flooding ................................................................................................................. 42 5.3.2 Counter-based scheme .................................................................................................. 42 5.3.3 Distance-based scheme .................................................................................................. 43 5.3.4 Location-based Scheme ................................................................................................. 43 5.3.5 Neighbor knowledge scheme ......................................................................................... 43 5.3.6 Cluster-based scheme .................................................................................................... 43 5.3.7 Probability scheme ......................................................................................................... 43 5.4 The broadcast storm problem ............................................................................................... 44 5.4.1 Weighted p-persistence scheme ...................................................................................
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