Electroactive Smart Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications
polymers Review Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications Lei Yang 1,* , Xiaoguang Fan 2,*, Jing Zhang 1 and Jia Ju 1 1 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (J.J.) 2 College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.Y.); [email protected] (X.F.); Tel.: +86-024-5686-1705 (L.Y.); +86-024-8848-7119 (X.F.) Received: 7 November 2019; Accepted: 17 January 2020; Published: 9 February 2020 Abstract: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is a typical thermoresponsive polymer used widely and studied deeply in smart materials, which is attractive and valuable owing to its reversible and remote “on–off” behavior adjusted by temperature variation. PNIPAAm usually exhibits opposite solubility or wettability across lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and it is readily functionalized making it available in extensive applications. Cell culture is one of the most prospective and representative applications. Active attachment and spontaneous detachment of targeted cells are easily tunable by surface wettability changes and volume phase transitions of PNIPAAm modified substrates with respect to ambient temperature. The thermoresponsive culture platforms and matching thermal-liftoff method can effectively substitute for the traditional cell harvesting ways like enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical scraping, and will improve the stable and high quality of recovered cells. Therefore, the establishment and detection on PNIPAAm based culture systems are of particular importance. This review covers the important developments and recommendations for future work of the preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive substrates based on PNIPAAm and analogues for cell culture applications. -
Worldwide Electroactive Polymers
WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers EAP (Artificial Muscles) Newsletter December 2000 WW-EAP Newsletter Vol. 2, No. 2 http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/nasa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-web.htm FROM THE EDITOR development of niche applications that take advantage of the unique capabilities of EAPs. The Yoseph Bar-Cohen, JPL [email protected] following are the application categories are currently being considered: (a) Human-Machine Interfaces: The field of EAP is continuing to expand and the Haptic and tactile interfaces, Simulated textures and number of investigators and potential users that body orientation Indicators, Interfacing neuron to are joining this effort is steadily growing. A electronic devices, Active tactile display for the reflection of this growth has been seen in the blind and artificial nose; (b) Planetary Applications; number of abstracts that were submitted to the (c) Controlled Weaving: Garments, clothing and anti upcoming SPIE EAPAD 2001 Conference. While G-Suit; (d) Biologically -Inspired Robotics, Toys and in the first two years about 50 abstracts were Animatronics; (e) Medical Applications: EAP for submitted, for the upcoming conference over 70 biological muscle augmentation or replacement, abstracts were submitted. The topics of research Miniature in-vivo EAP robots for diagnostics and that would be presented are covering a broad microsurgery, Catheter steering mechanism, Tissues range of topics spanning from analytical modeling growth engineering, and active Bandage (f) Liquid to application considerations. and gas flow control and pumping; (g) Noise reduction; (h) Electromechanical polymer sensors In an effort to simplify the terminologies that are and transducers; and (i) Micro-electro-mechanical related to EAP materials, the Editor sought terms systems (MEMS) for grouping these materials. -
The Characteristics of the Smart Polymeras Temperature Or Ph- Responsive Hydrogel
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Chemistry 19 ( 2016 ) 406 – 409 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Minerals and Environment (RAMM) & 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Materials, Mineral and Polymer (MAMIP), 4-6 August 2015 The Characteristics of the Smart Polymeras Temperature or pH- responsive Hydrogel B. Hilmia, Z.A. Abdul Hamida*, H. Md Akila, and B.H. Yahayab aBiomaterials Niche Group, School of Materiasl and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia bRegenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Bertam,13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia Abstract Hydrogels have unique swelling behaviour and three-dimensional structure and can be applied in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. Hydrogels also can be prepared by several methods. They are called as smart hydrogels as they able to undergo transitional changes in response to environmental stimuli. One of the stimuli is temperature. The temperature can create changes to the smart polymer as they have a very sensitive balance between the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic groups in their structure. Some hydrogels exhibit a separation from solution and solidification above a certain temperature. This threshold is known as the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The other stimulus is pH which also can give effect to hydrogel in order to be further applied as drug delivery agents. The main feature of this kind of smart polymer is an ability to receive or release protons which responding to the pH changes. These polymers are polyelectrolyte where containing acid groups or basic groups. Temperature and pH responsive hydrogel is essential and currently investigated in many various applications specifically in drug delivery system due to their unique responsive characteristics. -
Kinetics of Ion Transport in Conducting Polymers
Kinetics of Ion Transport in Conducting Polymers Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Vinithra Venugopal, B.E., M.S. Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Vishnu Baba Sundaresan, Advisor Dr. Carlos Castro Dr. Jose Otero Dr. Jonathan Song Dr. Vishwanath Subramaniam c Copyright by Vinithra Venugopal 2016 Abstract Conducting polymers (CPs) exhibit coupling between electrochemical and me- chanical domains, namely, reversible ion exchange with an electrolyte under an ap- plied electrical voltage causes volumetric changes in the polymer matrix. The goal of this dissertation is to develop precise quantification techniques to assess the kinetics of ion transport in CPs. These techniques are based on the mechanics of ion storage in polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (PPy(DBS)). In this work, it is postulated that CP response is dictated by the driving force for ion ingress and the accessible ion storage sites in the polymer. Two mechanis- tic models are founded on this premise: (1) A mathematical constitutive model is derived from the first law of thermodynamics to describe the chemomechanically cou- pled, structure dependent, input-output relationship in PPy(DBS). The uniqueness of this model is that mechanical expansion of the polymer is predicted without the incorporation of empirical coefficients. (2) A kinetic model is proposed to describe the current and charge response of PPy(DBS) to a step voltage input. The transfer- function based approach used to validate this model offers advantages over traditional lumped parameter models by quantifying the effect of polymer mass and morphology on the magnitude and rate of ion ingress. -
Designing Smart Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Opinion Designing Smart Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Ferdous Khan 1,*,† and Masaru Tanaka 1,2,* 1 Soft-Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan 2 Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] or [email protected] (M.T.) † Current address: ECOSE-Biopolymer, Knauf Insulation Limited, P.O. Box 10, Stafford Road, ST. HELENS WA10 3NS, UK. Received: 1 November 2017; Accepted: 1 December 2017; Published: 21 December 2017 Abstract: The engineering of human tissues to cure diseases is an interdisciplinary and a very attractive field of research both in academia and the biotechnology industrial sector. Three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffolds can play a critical role in the development of new tissue morphogenesis via interacting with human cells. Although simple polymeric biomaterials can provide mechanical and physical properties required for tissue development, insufficient biomimetic property and lack of interactions with human progenitor cells remain problematic for the promotion of functional tissue formation. Therefore, the developments of advanced functional biomaterials that respond to stimulus could be the next choice to generate smart 3D biomimetic scaffolds, actively interacting with human stem cells and progenitors along with structural integrity to form functional tissue within a short period. To date, smart biomaterials are designed to interact with biological systems for a wide range of biomedical applications, from the delivery of bioactive molecules and cell adhesion mediators to cellular functioning for the engineering of functional tissues to treat diseases. -
Electroactive Polymers Joana Costa
Corso “Materiali intelligenti e biomimetici” Electroactive Polymers Joana Costa 18 – 05 – 18 [email protected] 1 Electroactive Polymers General applications of EAP’s Ionic vs Electronic EAP’s Ionic EPS’s OUTLINE Electronic EAP’s Braille display from the University of Tokyo DEA’s Requirements Examples Case of study: a bioreactor for mechanical stimulation of cells 2 External stimulus Electroactive polymers Property(ies) change 3 Electrical stimulus Electroactive polymers EAP Mechanical response 4 Input voltage, V Electrical stimulus Electroactive EAP polymers Mechanical response Output strain, ε 5 Why use them? Electrical stimulus EAP Mechanical response SOFT ACTUATORS 6 Why use them? Electrical stimulus SENSORS AND ENERGY HARVERSTERS EAP Mechanical response SOFT ACTUATORS 7 Why use them? Electrical stimulus SENSORS AND efficient energy output ENERGY HARVERSTERS high strains high mechanical compliance EAP shock resistance low mass density no acoustic noise ease of processing Mechanical high scalability response low cost SOFT ACTUATORS ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES 8 compliant and light weight drive mechanisms GENERAL APPLICATIONS 1 intrinsically safe robots, anthropomorphic robots and humanoids locomotion systems (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Qxvyw5tUko) bioinspired and biomimetic systems (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4Q16LBXC9c) robotic hands/arms/legs/wings/fins grippers and manipulators (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzX7BHYTTCE) haptic devices and tactile displays (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWsVDKNOyY4) 9 variable stiffness devices and linkages and active vibration GENERAL dampers APPLICATIONS 2 minimally invasive interventional/diagnostic medical tools controlled drug delivery devices fluidic valves and pumps tuneable optical and acoustic systems (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K5KSDL1gXE) systems to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy for mechanosensing and motion energy harvesting. -
Electroactive Polymers in Space: Design Considerations and Possible Applications
In Proceedings of the 9th ESA Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation 'ASTRA 2006' ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, November 28-30, 2006 Electroactive Polymers in Space: Design Considerations and Possible Applications Maarja Kruusmaa(1), Paolo Fiorini(2) (1)Intelligent Materials and Systems Laboratory Tartu University Institute of Technology Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Email: [email protected] (2)Department of Computer Science, University of Verona Ca' Vignal 2 - Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of the technology of Electroactive Polymer (EAP) materials. We focus specifically on ionic conductive polymer materials (IPMC) as a rapidly maturing technology with first commercial applications available, which have also been considered for space applications for almost a decade. We briefly describe their properties and their working principle. Next, we describe IPMC materials working as sensors and actuators and their potential of use in biomimetic devices. In the following we briefly discuss the challenges of IPMC sensor and actuator control. Finally, we envision some possible applications of these materials to space systems. INTRODUCTION The robotic applications developed and exploited so far use almost exclusively electromechanical actuators. The technology of electromechanical devices is very well established, and has thorough theoretical background, control methods and reliable applications demonstrated during several decades. This technology has obviously reached its maturity and therefore its limits have also become visible. Devices using this technology need rigid links to connect the rotating joints, gears and bearings and they are therefore unavoidably complex, rigid and noisy. At the current state of development it is hard to reduce the size and energy consumption of these devices. -
Smart Polymers in Micro and Nano Sensory Devices
chemosensors Review Smart Polymers in Micro and Nano Sensory Devices José Antonio Reglero Ruiz * ID , Ana María Sanjuán, Saúl Vallejos, Félix Clemente García and José Miguel García ID Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.S.); [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (F.C.G.); [email protected] (J.M.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-947-258-085 Received: 25 February 2018; Accepted: 19 March 2018; Published: 21 March 2018 Abstract: The present review presents the most recent developments concerning the application of sensory polymers in the detection and quantification of different target species. We will firstly describe the main polymers that are being employed as sensory polymers, including, for example, conducting or acrylate-based polymers. In the second part of the review, we will briefly describe the different mechanisms of detection and the target species, such as metal cations and anions, explosives, and biological and biomedical substances. To conclude, we will describe the advancements in recent years concerning the fabrication of micro and nano sensory devices based on smart polymers, with a bibliographic revision of the research work published between 2005 and today, with special emphasis on research work presented since 2010. A final section exposing the perspectives and challenges of this interesting research line will end the present review article. Keywords: sensors; smart polymers; detection; sensory devices 1. Introduction Sensory or smart polymers present the ability to respond, reversibly or irreversibly, to different stimuli. Different sources can cause these responses: Temperature [1], electromagnetic pulses [2], biological molecules [3] or Ph media [4]. -
Worldwide Electroactive Polymers
WW-EAP Newsletter, Vol. 7, No. 1, June 2005 WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers EAP (Artificial Muscles) Newsletter June 2005 WW-EAP Newsletter Vol. 7, No.1 http://eap.jpl.nasa.gov 1st Wrestling Match between Human and EAP Actuated Robotic Arms was Held on March 7, 2005 in San Diego, CA flight and its advances to the level of today, the FROM THE EDITOR editor is hoping to see a similar success in making Yoseph Bar-Cohen, [email protected] EAP benefit every human being in one way or another. Further information about the competition On March 7, 2005, a major milestone was is available on http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/nasa- accomplished in the field of EAP – we held the first nde/lommas/eap/EAP-armwrestling.htm Armwrestling Match of EAP Robotic Arm against Human (AMERAH). The competition was hosted by SPIE during the EAP-in-Action Session of the EAPAD Conf., at the Town & Country Resort, San Diego, CA. Three organizations participated in this competition bringing their EAP actuated arms that were driven by different mechanisms. The participating organizations included: Environmental Robots Incorporated (ERI), Albuquerque, NM; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dubendorf, Switzerland; and students from Virginia Tech. Even though all three arms lost against the student, Panna Felsen, the ERI arm was able to hold for 26-second. This is a major accomplishment for the field and in order to get a prospective of the importance of this milestone one FIGURE 1: Panna Felsen, 17-year old student from may want to remember that the first flight lasted 12- San Diego, CA, wrestling with the EAP driven arm seconds. -
Modelling of an Ionic Electroactive Polymer by the Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes Mireille Tixier, Joël Pouget
Modelling of an Ionic Electroactive Polymer by the Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes Mireille Tixier, Joël Pouget To cite this version: Mireille Tixier, Joël Pouget. Modelling of an Ionic Electroactive Polymer by the Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes. H. Altenbach, J. Pouget, M. Rousseau, B. Collet, T. Michelitsch. Generalized Models and Non Classical Mechanical Approaches in Complex Materials 1, 1, Springer- Verlag, Chapitre 39, 2018, Generalized Models and Non Classical Mechanical Approaches in Complex Materials. hal-03106340 HAL Id: hal-03106340 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03106340 Submitted on 11 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Modelling of an Ionic Electroactive Polymer by the Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes M. Tixier and J. Pouget Abstract Ionic polymer-metal composites consist in a thin film of electro-active polymers (Nafion for example) sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. They can be used as sensors or actuators. The polymer is saturated with water, which causes a complete dissociation and the release of small cations. The strip undergoes large bending motions when it is submitted to an orthogonal electric field and vice versa. -
Dielectric Elastomers for Energy Harvesting
Heriot-Watt University Research Gateway Dielectric Elastomers for Energy Harvesting Citation for published version: Thomson, G, Yurchenko, D & Val, DV 2018, Dielectric Elastomers for Energy Harvesting. in R Manyala (ed.), Energy Harvesting. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74136 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.5772/intechopen.74136 Link: Link to publication record in Heriot-Watt Research Portal Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Energy Harvesting Publisher Rights Statement: © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via Heriot-Watt Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy Heriot-Watt University has made every reasonable effort to ensure that the content in Heriot-Watt Research Portal complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74136 ProvisionalChapter chapter 4 Dielectric Elastomers forfor EnergyEnergy HarvestingHarvesting Gordon Thomson, Daniil YurchenkoYurchenko andand Dimitri V. Val Additional information isis available atat thethe endend ofof thethe chapterchapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74136 Abstract Dielectric elastomers are a type of electroactive polymers that can be conveniently used as sensors, actuators or energy harvesters and the latter is the focus of this review. -
Photoresponsive Polymer–Enzyme Switches
Photoresponsive polymer–enzyme switches Tsuyoshi Shimoboji*, Edmund Larenas†, Tim Fowler†, Samarth Kulkarni*, Allan S. Hoffman*‡, and Patrick S. Stayton*‡ *Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and †Genencor International, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304 Edited by James A. Wells, Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA, and approved October 30, 2002 (received for review July 18, 2002) The ability to photoregulate enzyme activities could provide im- Materials and Methods portant new opportunities for development of diagnostic assays, Materials. 4-hydroxyazobenzene and 4-aminoazobenzene sequential bioprocessing, and lab assays in both traditional and (Aldrich) were recrystallized from ethanol and water, and dried microfluidic formats. We show here that the photoinduced in vacuo. N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) (Fluka), diethyl changes in the size and hydration of a ‘‘smart’’ polymer chain coil ether, acryloylchloride, triethylamine, 2-mercaptoethanol (Al- can be used to regulate substrate access and enzyme activity when drich) were purified by distillation under reduced pressure. conjugated to the enzyme at a specific point just outside the active 2,2Ј-azobisbutyronitrile (J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ) was re- site. The photoresponsive polymers thus serve jointly as antennae crystallized from methanol. Ethanol, dimethylformamide, tet- and actuators that reversibly respond to distinct optical signals to rahydrofuran, methylene chloride, potassium ter-butoxide, switch the polymer–enzyme conjugates on and off, and work 4-phenylazomaleinanil, divinylsulfone, 4-phenylazomaleinanil when the conjugate is free in solution or when immobilized on and EDTA (Aldrich) were used as received. Restriction enzymes magnetic beads. XbaI and BglII were purchased from New England Biolabs. QIA Prep Spin Plasmid kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and QuikChange smart polymer ͉ photoswitch ͉ biotechnology ͉ bioMEMs ͉ bioconjugates Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) were used as re- ceived.