Smart Polymers in Micro and Nano Sensory Devices
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications
polymers Review Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications Lei Yang 1,* , Xiaoguang Fan 2,*, Jing Zhang 1 and Jia Ju 1 1 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (J.J.) 2 College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.Y.); [email protected] (X.F.); Tel.: +86-024-5686-1705 (L.Y.); +86-024-8848-7119 (X.F.) Received: 7 November 2019; Accepted: 17 January 2020; Published: 9 February 2020 Abstract: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is a typical thermoresponsive polymer used widely and studied deeply in smart materials, which is attractive and valuable owing to its reversible and remote “on–off” behavior adjusted by temperature variation. PNIPAAm usually exhibits opposite solubility or wettability across lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and it is readily functionalized making it available in extensive applications. Cell culture is one of the most prospective and representative applications. Active attachment and spontaneous detachment of targeted cells are easily tunable by surface wettability changes and volume phase transitions of PNIPAAm modified substrates with respect to ambient temperature. The thermoresponsive culture platforms and matching thermal-liftoff method can effectively substitute for the traditional cell harvesting ways like enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical scraping, and will improve the stable and high quality of recovered cells. Therefore, the establishment and detection on PNIPAAm based culture systems are of particular importance. This review covers the important developments and recommendations for future work of the preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive substrates based on PNIPAAm and analogues for cell culture applications. -
Exploiting Colloidal Interfaces to Increase Dispersion, Performance, and Pot-Life in Cellulose Nanocrystal/Waterborne Epoxy Composites
Polymer 68 (2015) 111e121 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Polymer journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer Exploiting colloidal interfaces to increase dispersion, performance, and pot-life in cellulose nanocrystal/waterborne epoxy composites Natalie Girouard a, Gregory T. Schueneman b, Meisha L. Shofner c, d, * J. Carson Meredith a, d, a School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA b Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, USA c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA d Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street NW, Atlanta, GA, USA article info abstract Article history: In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are incorporated into a waterborne epoxy resin following two Received 23 February 2015 processing protocols that vary by order of addition. The processing protocols produce different levels of Received in revised form CNC dispersion in the resulting composites. The more homogeneously dispersed composite has a higher 2 May 2015 storage modulus and work of fracture at temperatures less than the glass transition temperature. Some Accepted 7 May 2015 properties related to the component interactions, such as thermal degradation and moisture content, are Available online 14 May 2015 similar for both composite systems. The mechanism of dispersion is probed with electrophoretic mea- surements and electron microscopy, and based on these results, it is hypothesized that CNC preaddition Keywords: Interfaces facilitates the formation of a CNC-coated epoxy droplet, promoting CNC dispersion and giving the Colloidal stability epoxide droplets added electrostatic stability. -
Polymer-Particle Nanocomposites: Size and Dispersion Effects
Polymer-Particle Nanocomposites: Size and Dispersion Effects Joseph Moll Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Joseph Moll All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Polymer-Particle Nanocomposites: Size and Dispersion Effects Joseph Moll Polymer-particle nanocomposites are used in industrial processes to enhance a broad range of material properties (e.g. mechanical, optical, electrical and gas permeability properties). This dissertation will focus on explanation and quantification of mechanical property improvements upon the addition of nanoparticles to polymeric materials. Nanoparticles, as enhancers of mechanical properties, are ubiquitous in synthetic and natural materials (e.g. automobile tires, packaging, bone), however, to date, there is no thorough understanding of the mechanism of their action. In this dissertation, silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, both bare and grafted with polystyrene (PS), are studied in polymeric matrices. Several variables of interest are considered, including particle dispersion state, particle size, length and density of grafted polymer chains, and volume fraction of SiO2. Polymer grafted nanoparticles behave akin to block copolymers, and this is critically leveraged to systematically vary nanoparticle dispersion and examine its role on the mechanical reinforcement in polymer based nanocomposites in the melt state. Rheology unequivocally shows that reinforcement is maximized by the formation of a transient, but long-lived, percolating polymer-particle network with the particles serving as the network junctions. The effects of dispersion and weight fraction of filler on nanocomposite mechanical properties are also studied in a bare particle system. Due to the interest in directional properties for many different materials, different means of inducing directional ordering of particle structures are also studied. -
Stimulus Methods of Multi-Functional Shape Memory Polymer
Composites: Part A 100 (2017) 20–30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Composites: Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compositesa Review Stimulus methods of multi-functional shape memory polymer nanocomposites: A review ⇑ ⇑ Tianzhen Liu a, Tianyang Zhou a, Yongtao Yao a, Fenghua Zhang a, Liwu Liu b, Yanju Liu b, , Jinsong Leng a, a Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 YiKuang Street, PO Box 3011, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China b Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, PO Box 301, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China article info abstract Article history: This review is focused on the most recent research on multifunctional shape memory polymer nanocom- Received 19 February 2017 posites reinforced by various nanoparticles. Different multifunctional shape memory nanocomposites Received in revised form 22 April 2017 responsive to different kinds of stimulation methods, including thermal responsive, electro-activated, Accepted 28 April 2017 alternating magnetic field responsive, light sensitive and water induced SMPs, are discussed separately. Available online 2 May 2017 This review offers a comprehensive discussion on the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of each actuation methods. In addition to presenting the micro- and macro- morphology and mechanical prop- Keywords: erties of shape memory polymer nanocomposites, this review demonstrates the shape memory perfor- Shape memory polymer mance and the potential applications of multifunctional shape memory polymer nanocomposites Nanocomposites Multifunctional under different stimulation methods. Actuation Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 20 2. Thermo-responsive SMP nanocomposites. -
Non-Spherical Nanoparticles in Block Copolymer Composites: Nanosquares, Nanorods and Diamonds
Non-spherical nanoparticles in block copolymer composites: nanosquares, nanorods and diamonds Javier Diaz1, Marco Pinna∗1, Andrei V. Zvelindovsky1 and Ignacio Pagonabarragay2,3,4 1Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln. Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK 2Departament de F´ısicade la Mat`eriaCondensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Mart´ıi Franqu`es1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 3 CECAM, Centre Europ´eende Calcul Atomique et Mol´eculaire, Ecole´ Polytechnique F´ed´eralede Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain October 28, 2019 For Table of Contents use only Abstract A hybrid block copolymer(BCP) nanocomposite computational model is proposed to study nanoparti- cles(NPs) with a generalised shape including squares, rectangles and rhombus. Simulations are used to study the role of anisotropy in the assembly of colloids within BCPs, ranging from NPs that are compat- ible with one phase, to neutral NPs. The ordering of square-like NPs into grid configurations within a minority BCP domain was investigated, as well as the alignment of nanorods in a lamellar-forming BCP, comparing the simulation results with experiments of mixtures of nanoplates and PS-b-PMMA BCP. The assembly of rectangular NPs at the interface between domains resulted in alignment along the interface. The aspect ratio is found to play a key role on the aggregation of colloids at the interface, which leads to a distinct co-assembly behaviour for low and high aspect ratio NPs. 1 Introduction Polymer nanocomposite materials containing anisotropic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of atten- tion due to their ability to create functional materials with enhanced properties 1. -
The Characteristics of the Smart Polymeras Temperature Or Ph- Responsive Hydrogel
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Chemistry 19 ( 2016 ) 406 – 409 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Minerals and Environment (RAMM) & 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Materials, Mineral and Polymer (MAMIP), 4-6 August 2015 The Characteristics of the Smart Polymeras Temperature or pH- responsive Hydrogel B. Hilmia, Z.A. Abdul Hamida*, H. Md Akila, and B.H. Yahayab aBiomaterials Niche Group, School of Materiasl and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia bRegenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Bertam,13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia Abstract Hydrogels have unique swelling behaviour and three-dimensional structure and can be applied in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. Hydrogels also can be prepared by several methods. They are called as smart hydrogels as they able to undergo transitional changes in response to environmental stimuli. One of the stimuli is temperature. The temperature can create changes to the smart polymer as they have a very sensitive balance between the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic groups in their structure. Some hydrogels exhibit a separation from solution and solidification above a certain temperature. This threshold is known as the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The other stimulus is pH which also can give effect to hydrogel in order to be further applied as drug delivery agents. The main feature of this kind of smart polymer is an ability to receive or release protons which responding to the pH changes. These polymers are polyelectrolyte where containing acid groups or basic groups. Temperature and pH responsive hydrogel is essential and currently investigated in many various applications specifically in drug delivery system due to their unique responsive characteristics. -
Textile Nanocomposite of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ivy Union Publishing (E-Journals) American Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ResearchPage 1 of 8 A Kausar et al. American Journal of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Research. 2018, 6:28-35 http://www.ivyunion.org/index.php/ajnnr 2017, 5:21-40 Research Article Textile Nanocomposite of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Ayesha Kausar* School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) possess outstanding electrical, mechanical, anisotropic, and thermal properties to be employed in several material science applications. Polymer/carbon nanotube forms an important class of nanocomposites for textile uses. Different techniques have been used to develop such textiles including dip coating, spraying, wet spinning, electrospinning, etc. Enhanced nanocomposite performance has been attributed to synergistic effect of polymer and carbon nanotube nanofiller. Textile performance of polymer/CNT nanocomposite has been potentially important for flame retardant clothing, electromagnetic shielding wear, anti-bacterial fabric, flexible sensors, and waste water treatment. In this article, researches on application areas of polymer/CNT in textile industry has been reviewed. Modification of nanotube may lead to variety of further functional textiles with different high performance properties. Keywords: Polymer; carbon nanotube; nanocomposite; textile Received: May 26, 2018; Accepted: June 28, 2018; Published: July 22, 2018 Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist. Copyright: 2018 Kausar A et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Designing Smart Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Opinion Designing Smart Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Ferdous Khan 1,*,† and Masaru Tanaka 1,2,* 1 Soft-Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan 2 Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] or [email protected] (M.T.) † Current address: ECOSE-Biopolymer, Knauf Insulation Limited, P.O. Box 10, Stafford Road, ST. HELENS WA10 3NS, UK. Received: 1 November 2017; Accepted: 1 December 2017; Published: 21 December 2017 Abstract: The engineering of human tissues to cure diseases is an interdisciplinary and a very attractive field of research both in academia and the biotechnology industrial sector. Three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffolds can play a critical role in the development of new tissue morphogenesis via interacting with human cells. Although simple polymeric biomaterials can provide mechanical and physical properties required for tissue development, insufficient biomimetic property and lack of interactions with human progenitor cells remain problematic for the promotion of functional tissue formation. Therefore, the developments of advanced functional biomaterials that respond to stimulus could be the next choice to generate smart 3D biomimetic scaffolds, actively interacting with human stem cells and progenitors along with structural integrity to form functional tissue within a short period. To date, smart biomaterials are designed to interact with biological systems for a wide range of biomedical applications, from the delivery of bioactive molecules and cell adhesion mediators to cellular functioning for the engineering of functional tissues to treat diseases. -
A Review on Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Effective Applications in Membranes and Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Gas Separation
membranes Review A Review on Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Effective Applications in Membranes and Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Gas Separation Oluranti Agboola 1,*, Ojo Sunday Isaac Fayomi 2, Ayoola Ayodeji 1, Augustine Omoniyi Ayeni 1 , Edith E. Alagbe 1, Samuel E. Sanni 1 , Emmanuel E. Okoro 3 , Lucey Moropeng 4, Rotimi Sadiku 4 , Kehinde Williams Kupolati 5 and Babalola Aisosa Oni 6 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Nigeria; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (A.O.A.); [email protected] (E.E.A.); [email protected] (S.E.S.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Nigeria; [email protected] 3 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Nigeria; [email protected] 4 Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (R.S.) 5 Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] 6 Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Globally, environmental challenges have been recognised as a matter of concern. Among Citation: Agboola, O.; Fayomi, O.S.I.; these challenges are the reduced availability and quality of drinking water, and greenhouse gases Ayodeji, A.; Ayeni, A.O.; Alagbe, E.E.; that give rise to change in climate by entrapping heat, which result in respirational illness from smog Sanni, S.E.; Okoro, E.E.; Moropeng, L.; and air pollution. -
Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanocomposite Fibers Reinforced
Polymer 50 (2009) 4189–4198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Polymer journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer Electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite fibers reinforced with Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Fabrication and property analysis Di Zhang a, Amar B. Karki b, Dan Rutman a, David P. Young b, Andrew Wang c, David Cocke a, Thomas H. Ho a, Zhanhu Guo a,* a Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA c Ocean NanoTech, LLC, 2143 Worth Ln., Springdale, AR 72764, USA article info abstract Article history: The manufacturing of pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and magnetic PAN/Fe3O4 nanocomposite fibers is Received 12 June 2009 explored by an electrospinning process. A uniform, bead-free fiber production process is developed by Accepted 20 June 2009 optimizing electrospinning conditions: polymer concentration, applied electric voltage, feedrate, and Available online 30 June 2009 distance between needle tip to collector. The experiments demonstrate that slight changes in operating parameters may result in significant variations in the fiber morphology. The fiber formation mechanism for Keywords: both pure PAN and the Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in PAN solutions is explained from the rheologial Nanocomposite fibers behavior of the solution. The nanocomposite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy Electrospinning Polyacronitrile (PAN) (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FT-IR and XRD results indicate that the introduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the polymer matrix has a significant effect on the crystallinity of PAN and a strong interaction between PAN and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. -
Introducing a Novel Low Energy Gamma Ray Shield Utilizing
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Introducing a novel low energy gamma ray shield utilizing Polycarbonate Bismuth Oxide composite Rojin Mehrara1, Shahryar Malekie2, Seyed Mohsen Saleh Kotahi1 & Sedigheh Kashian2* The fabrication of diferent weight percentages of Polycarbonate-Bismuth Oxide composite (PC-Bi2O3), namely 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%, was done via the mixed-solution method. The dispersion state of the inclusions into the polymeric matrix was studied through XRD and SEM analyses. Also, TGA and DTA analyses were carried out to investigate the thermal properties of the samples. Results showed that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 into the polymer matrix shifted the glass transition temperature of the composites towards the lower temperatures. Then, the amount of mass attenuation coefcients of the samples were measured using a CsI(Tl) detector for diferent gamma rays of 241Am, 57Co, 99mTc, and 133Ba radioactive sources. It was obtained that increasing the concentration of the Bi2O3 fllers in the polycarbonate matrix resulted in increasing the attenuation coefcients of the composites signifcantly. The attenuation coefcient was enhanced twenty-three times for 50 wt% composite in 59 keV energy, comparing to the pure polycarbonate. X and γ-rays have a wide range of applications in military, medical, health, scientifc, and agricultural industries. Increasing the utilization of hazardous radiations, including gamma sources in hospitals and research centers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, has provided a much more unsecured place for personnel. So there will be a need to design an appropriate shield, depends on the type of ionizing radiation, to reduce the radiation dose in the intended site1. -
Michael R. Bockstaller
Michael R. Bockstaller Professor, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213. Phone: (412) 268-2709; Fax: (412) 268-7247; E-mail: [email protected] Professional Preparation University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe (Germany) Chemistry (Diplom) 1990-1996 Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (Germany) Chemistry (Dr. rer. nat.) 2000-2005 Postdoctoral Associate, MIT, Cambridge MA Mat. Sci. & Eng. 2000-2004 Lecturer, RWTH Aachen, Aachen (Germany) Chemistry 2004-2005 Appointments 07/14 – present Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 03/11 – present Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 07/10 – 06/14 Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 4/05 – 05/10 Assistant Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 3/04 – 3/05 Emmy-Noether Research Group Leader, Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (Germany) 7/00 – 2/04 Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, 02139 MA 4/99 – 12/99 Visiting Scientist, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas - Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser Technology, Iraklion (Greece) 1/98 – 12/98 Teaching Assistant, Dept. of Chemistry., Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (Germany) 9/97 – 7/00 Research Assistant, Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz (Germany) Awards and Honors 2014 Fellow of the American Physical Society 2008 The Philbrook Prize (by the Department of Materials Science and Engineering) 2003 Emmy Noether grant recipient of the German Science Foundation 2000 Feodor-Lynen fellowship award by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Membership and Activities in Honorary Fraternities, Professional Societies 1.