DOCSLIB.ORG

Products: a Regulated Market Model a Strategy for Controlling The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Products: a Regulated Market Model a Strategy for Controlling The Downloaded from tc.bmj.com on 10 November 2006 A strategy for controlling the marketing of tobacco products: a regulated market model R Borland Tob. Control 2003;12;374-382 doi:10.1136/tc.12.4.374 Updated information and services can be found at: http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/12/4/374 These include: References This article cites 7 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free at: http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/12/4/374#BIBL 4 online articles that cite this article can be accessed at: http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/12/4/374#otherarticles Rapid responses You can respond to this article at: http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/12/4/374 Email alerting Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the service top right corner of the article Topic collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Advertising and Marketing (172 articles) Notes To order reprints of this article go to: http://www.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprintform To subscribe to Tobacco Control go to: http://www.bmjjournals.com/subscriptions/ Downloaded from tc.bmj.com on 10 November 2006 374 SPECIAL COMMUNICATION A strategy for controlling the marketing of tobacco products: a regulated market model R Borland ............................................................................................................................... Tobacco Control 2003;12:374–382 Objective: To outline a novel strategy for controlling the tobacco market. Arguments: More comprehensive controls over the tobacco market are essential and long overdue. Effective controls need to encourage the development of less harmful products; control commercial ....................... communication to ensure that potential harms are highlighted relative to any benefits; and provide Correspondence to: mechanisms to move consumers away from tobacco use, or at least towards less harmful alternatives. Ron Borland, VicHealth Achieving this by regulating the existing industry is one strategy. This paper puts the case for an Centre for Tobacco Control, Cancer Control alternative: to have marketing controlled by an agency (called here the Tobacco Products Agency, or TPA) Research Institute, The which tendered to manufacturers for product and which distributed to retailers in ways that reduce Cancer Council Victoria, 1 incentives to bend or break the law. The TPA would be backed by legislation that made tobacco a Rathdowne Street, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia; controlled substance with possession sale and use only allowed as permitted by the regulations, which in Ron.Borland@cancervic. reality would be only as provided by the TPA. org.au Conclusions: The overall effect of such a model, which we call a ‘‘regulated market model’’, would be to eliminate most of the incentives and remaining opportunities for commercial promotion of tobacco and to Received 20 July 2003 Accepted create incentives to encourage the development of less harmful tobacco products. Such a model preserves 26 September 2003 the competition inherent in a free market, but directs it towards the challenge of reducing the harm from ....................... tobacco use. obacco smoking causes so much disease12 that it is This paper explores the viability of controlling the tobacco estimated to kill approximately half of its regular long market by focusing on controlling two main ways tobacco Ttime users.3 There is no known safe exposure level to companies influence tobacco use: through designing products smoked tobacco products, although some forms of smokeless to be more attractive to consumers, and by promoting them tobacco product (for example, the Swedish product called in ways that add extrinsic value (fig 1). By promoting their snus) are notably less harmful than smoked products.4 The products and by adding ingredients to their products to make harm caused by tobacco products is predominantly due to them more attractive to consumers, tobacco companies are long term exposure to tobacco related toxins. The world increasing the value of engaging in an inherently dangerous community is currently in the process of ratifying a habit, one that is highly addictive. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) to help The analysis in this paper is grounded in the science base control the problem.5 concerning the composition and formulation of tobacco The challenge of minimising the social costs from tobacco products and the behavioural implications of how that use can be encapsulated in four major tasks: discouraging information is communicated.89 It adapts ideas from people from using tobacco, encouraging existing users to others81011 and from the work of our group.712 There is quit, protecting non-smokers from exposure to harmful now an emerging consensus that tobacco products need to be tobacco smoke, and reducing exposures to tobacco related more strongly controlled,813but no clear consensus as to how toxins among any continuing users. The challenges involved to do this. Currently, no country has anything approaching a in preventing tobacco use and facilitating smoking cessation comprehensive regulatory framework in place: one that can will be minimised if we can eliminate activities of the tobacco effectively control both product composition and product industry that make the task more difficult by making tobacco promotion. One aim of this paper is to broaden thinking use more attractive than it intrinsically is. This effectively towards alternative models of control by outlining one means exercising control over the tobacco market. possibility that minimises the role for a formal regulator. Recently, Liberman and Clough6 have canvassed argu- Major gains have been made in tobacco control in ments about the possible illegality and certain immorality of countries like Australia that have taken the issue ser- many current tobacco industry practices. They make a iously.14 15 There is good evidence that strong restrictions on compelling case that many current industry practices may the promotion of tobacco products and other counter not only be subject to civil sanctions, but may also break measures reduce smoking.16 However, even among the most criminal laws. In Australia, this includes laws to prevent effective and best resourced jurisdictions, anything from conduct endangering life and corporate manslaughter. around 15% of the adult population continue to smoke on a Liberman,7 in a related paper to this one, argues that the daily basis and in most countries many more do so.14 It is also fundamental problem is the nexus between profitability and proving extremely difficult to prevent young people becoming the harm caused by tobacco: the more you sell, the more profit you make, the more people you harm nexus needs to be broken by changing the incentive structures for operating in ................................................................ the tobacco business. He goes on to suggest the desirability of Abbreviations: FCTC, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; government control over both manufacturers and retailers. RMM, regulated market model; TPA, Tobacco Products Agency www.tobaccocontrol.com Downloaded from tc.bmj.com on 10 November 2006 Controlling the marketing of tobacco 375 Figure 1 Tobacco marketing and major ways it can affect tobacco use. addicted.17 The tobacco industry has been remarkably product which has both a lower harm profile and will be used successful in undermining public health efforts, probably as a substitute for cigarettes by most tobacco users. because only short periods of experimentation are needed for Tobacco companies, like all corporations, exist to maximise dependence to develop, and in part because countries have shareholder value. Monetary profits are an important part of not consistently invested the resources needed to overcome this, but other less tangible benefits, such as pride in owning the effects of tobacco industry marketing. It is inefficient to shares (or in the case of tobacco companies, shame), spend public money to overcome company activity, rather contributes to share and thus company value. Tobacco than more effectively controlling it. companies get no benefit from killing half their long term Better controls will not eliminate tobacco use. At least customers. Unfortunately, without less harmful products, some smoking is due to dependence and experienced benefits they are caught in a dilemma: to keep making money, they (independent of any debate about whether these experiences have to cause harm and can do little to reduce that harm. reflect any enduring benefit). There is likely to be a Tobacco companies have little alternative than to search, or continuing demand for tobacco products, and as a result at least seen to be searching, for less harmful products. prohibition will not eliminate use, and could create social Currently some tobacco companies, like Philip Morris,19 are harm by making lawbreakers of otherwise good citizens. That seeking regulative protection. This is presumably mainly to said, tobacco should not be treated as an ordinary consumer protect them from endless litigation, but this is not product. If tobacco products are to be legally available, there inconsistent with facilitating the search for less harmful need to be controls to ensure that they do not have value products. Any such regulation should give priority to the added to them, and are as harm reduced as possible. It is also goals of public health and broader social wellbeing. A key critical that any reductions in the harmfulness
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Entrepreneurship in Regulated Markets: Burden Or Boon?
    Entrepreneurship in regulated markets: Burden or boon? Chair: Vickie Gibbs, Executive Director, Entrepreneurship Center, UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School Panelists: Susan Cates, Partner, Leeds Equity Partners, LLC Chris Elmore, Community Evangelist, AvidXchange Eric Ghysels, Faculty Director, Rethinc. Labs; Edward Bernstein Distinguished Professor of Economics, UNC-Chapel Hill; Professor of Finance, UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School Bill Starling, CEO, Synecor Regulatory barriers to entry can distort markets and limit innovation, but also result in breakthrough business models facing less competition. Examples include fintech, medtech and edtech. This session examined the challenges specific to entrepreneurship and innovation in regulated industries. Bill Starling started the session by describing the regulatory complexities of the medtech market. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for medical device products can sometimes take more than a decade. For example, approval for the TAVR heart valve replacement device took 17 years and $2 billion in funding. One strategy for ventures is to minimize the number of approvals required to bring a product to market. For example, iRhythm focused on the unmet customer need for an affordable way to detect heart conditions. The company created a simple, bandage-like device that collected data about the heart, which allowed them to avoid regulatory scrutiny. Even so, the product required $100 million to complete the clinical trials. Starling closed by noting that regulated markets are difficult to enter, but once a venture successfully enters the market, it can do very well and find protected positions. Susan Cates provided perspective as both a business operator and as an investor within education. Cates believes that success in regulated markets often requires “nontraditional thinking inside traditional institutions.” Cates described the “stroke of the pen” risks and tailwinds that can occur when policymakers pass new laws or provide regulatory guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • Markets Not Capitalism Explores the Gap Between Radically Freed Markets and the Capitalist-Controlled Markets That Prevail Today
    individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Presentation of Regulated Markets and National Provisions
    15.7.2011 EN Official Journal of the European Union C 209/21 Annotated presentation of regulated markets and national provisions implementing relevant requirements of MiFID (Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council) (2011/C 209/13) Article 47 of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2004/39/EC, OJ L 145, 30.4.2004) authorises each Member State to confer the status of ‘regulated market’ on those markets constituted on its territory and which comply with its regulations. Article 4, paragraph 1, point 14 of Directive 2004/39/EC defines a ‘regulated market’ as a multilateral system operated and/or managed by a market operator, which brings together or facilitates the bringing together of multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments — in the system and in accordance with its non-discretionary rules — in a way that results in a contract, in respect of the financial instruments admitted to trading under its rules and/or systems, and which is authorised and functions regularly and in accordance with the provisions of Title III of Directive 2004/39/EC. Article 47 of Directive 2004/39/EC requires that each Member State maintains an updated list of regulated markets authorised by it. This information should be communicated to other Member States and the European Commission. Under the same article (Article 47 of Directive 2004/39/EC), the Commission is required to publish a list of regulated markets, notified to it, on a yearly basis in the Official Journal of the European Union. The present list has been compiled pursuant to this requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions and Answers on the Issue of a Regulated Market for Currently Illegal Drugs
    Questions and answers on the issue of a regulated market for currently illegal drugs Mark Haden Vancouver Coastal Health Draft: June 2010 For the past decade I have been involved with public presentations which explore the failures of drug prohibition. In these presentations I recommend a public health, human rights model of drug control which brings all currently illegal drugs into a regulatory framework. The following is a list of the most common challenges I experience: Q: Are you saying that you want to legalize all drugs? A: No: Legalization is often interpreted to mean that the current capitalist free market system would be used to advertise and distribute currently illegal drugs. The goal of the free market is to increase consumption. The concept of a regulated market is different as the goal is to reduce the health and social problems associated with drugs. Q: What do you mean by a regulated market for illegal drugs? A: A regulated market would actively control drugs based on the principles of public health and human rights. Prohibition paradoxically stimulates a illegal market that makes concentrated and sometimes toxic, drugs widely available. The goal is to greatly reduce or shut down the illegal market and regulate drugs in a way that reduces harm to individuals, families and our society as a whole. Seeing drug use as primarily a health and social issue rather than a criminal issue allows us to explore a wide range of tools to manage the problems associated with drugs in a more effective way. Q: Are you saying “yes” to drugs? A: No – but we are saying “yes” to using more effective ways of controlling drugs and their problems.
    [Show full text]
  • On the American Paradox of Laissez Faire and Mass Incarceration
    ON THE AMERICAN PARADOX OF LAISSEZ FAIRE AND MASS INCARCERATION Bernard E. Harcourt∗ What we come to believe — so often, in reality, mere fiction and myth — takes on the character of truth and has real effects, tangible effects on our social and political condition. These beliefs, these hu- man fabrications, are they simply illusions? Are they fantasies? Are they reflections on a cave wall? Over the past two centuries at least, brilliant and well-regarded thinkers have proposed a range of theories and methods to emancipate us from these figments of our imagination. They have offered genealogies and archaeologies, psychoanalysis, Ideologiekritik, poststructuralism, and deconstruction — to name but a few. Their writings are often obscure and laden with a jargon that has gotten in the way of their keen insights, but their central point contin- ues to resonate loudly today: our collective imagination has real effects on our social condition and on our politics. It is important, it is vital to question what passes as truth. Any sophisticated listener, for instance, would have understood immediately what Barack Obama was doing when he declared on the campaign trail in 2008 that “[t]he market is the best mechanism ever invented for efficiently allocating resources to maximize production.”1 Or when he quickly added, “I also think that there is a connection be- tween the freedom of the marketplace and freedom more generally.”2 Obama was tapping into a public imaginary, one reflected at the time by the overwhelming belief, shared by more than two-thirds
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation History As Politics Or Markets
    Book Review Regulation History as Politics or Markets The Regulated Economy: A Historical Approach to Political Economy (Claudia Goldin & Gary D. Libecap, eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. 312 + viii pp., bibliographies, index, drawings, tables. ISBN: 0-226-30110-9. Cloth. $56.00. Herbert Hovenkampt Introduction: The S-P-P and Neoclassical Models of Regulation This interesting group of essays explores the history of American regulatory policy in an assortment of markets. The editors introduce their collection as "an effort to better understand the historical development of government intervention."' Although some authors represented in the collection are more explicit than others, most accept some version of the Stigler-Posner-Peltzman (S-P-P) model of regulation, which views political bargaining among rent-seeking special interest groups as the best explanation of regulatory outcomes. 2 While this interest group model is often powerful, it is hardly the only model for explaining regulation. Most of the regulation described in these essays can be fully accounted for by neoclassical economics, whose regulatory theory looks at the characteristics of the economic market to which regulation is applied, rather than the political market in which the decision to regulate is made. Under the S-P-P theory, interest groups form political coalitions in order to promote legislation that advances their own interests by limiting competition or restricting entry by new firms. Elected legislators t Ben V. & Dorothy Willie Professor of Law, University of Iowa. 1. THE REGULATED ECONOMY: A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO POLITICAL ECONOMY 2 (Claudia Goldin & Gary D. Libecap eds., 1994) [hereinafter THE REGULATED ECONOMY].
    [Show full text]
  • Gordon Tullock
    SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Of Stranded Costs and Stranded Hopes The Difficulties of Deregulation —————— ✦ —————— FRED S. MCCHESNEY iven the manifest inefficiency of government regulation, why is there so little deregulation? Of course, some deregulation, including the privatization G of state-owned industries, has occurred in recent decades. The United States experienced a spate of high-profile deregulations from 1978 to 1980 in the natural gas, trucking, and airline industries (Crandall and Ellig 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • On the American Paradox of Laissez Faire and Mass Incarceration Bernard E
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers Working Papers 2012 On the American Paradox of Laissez Faire and Mass Incarceration Bernard E. Harcourt Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ public_law_and_legal_theory Part of the Law Commons Chicago Unbound includes both works in progress and final versions of articles. Please be aware that a more recent version of this article may be available on Chicago Unbound, SSRN or elsewhere. Recommended Citation Bernard E. Harcourt, "On the American Paradox of Laissez Faire and Mass Incarceration" (University of Chicago Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper No. 376, 2012). This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Working Papers at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHICAGO JOHN M. OLIN LAW & ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER NO. 590 (2D SERIES) PUBLIC LAW AND LEGAL THEORY WORKING PAPER NO. 376 ON THE AMERICAN PARADOX OF LAISSEZ FAIRE AND MASS INCARCERATION Bernard E. Harcourt THE LAW SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO March 2012 This paper can be downloaded without charge at the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Work‐ ing Paper Series: http://www.law.uchicago.edu/Lawecon/index.html and at the Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series: http://www.law.uchicago.edu/academics/publiclaw/index.html and The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection. ON THE AMERICAN PARADOX OF LAISSEZ FAIRE AND MASS INCARCERATION Bernard E.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternatives to Capitalism Proposals for a Democratic Economy
    ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM PROPOSALS FOR A DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY Robin Hahnel Erik Olin Wright CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii Introduction iii Part One 1. The Case for Participatory Economics 2 Robin Hahnel 2. Participatory Economics: A Sympathetic 11 Critique Erik Olin Wright 3. In Defence of Participatory Economics 38 Robin Hahnel Part Two 4. Socialism and Real Utopias 61 Erik Olin Wright 5. Breaking With Capitalism 85 Robin Hahnel 6. Final Thoughts 107 Erik Olin Wright About the authors 121 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Robin would like to thank Mesa Refuge, a writers retreat in Point Reyes Station, California, where he was a resident for two weeks during this last year. ii INTRODUCTION New Left Project Poverty, exploitation, instability, hierarchy, subordination, environmental exhaustion, radical inequalities of wealth and power—it is not difficult to list capitalism’s myriad injustices. But is there a preferable and workable alternative? What would a viable free and democratic free society look like? Alternatives to Capitalism: Proposals for a Democratic Economy presents a debate between two such possibilities: Robin Hahnel’s “participatory economics” and Erik Olin Wright’s “real utopian” socialism. It is a detailed and at times technical discussion that rewards careful engagement. Those who put the effort in will, we hope, find that it illuminates a range of issues and dilemmas of crucial importance to any serious effort to build a better world. Is it worth devoting energy to thinking about alternatives to capitalism? There is a tradition within anti-capitalist politics which thinks not. It is argued that idle speculation distracts from what really matters: the struggles emerging in the here and now, which are the soil from which any emancipatory future will spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Anarchism As Constitutionalism Roderick T
    Chapter 9 Market Anarchism as Constitutionalism Roderick T. Long A legal system is any institution or set of institutions in a given society that provides dispute resolution in a systematic and reasonably predictable way. It does so through the exercise of three functions: the judicial, the legislative, and the executive. The judicial function, the adjudication of disputes, is the core of any legal system; the other two are ancillary to this. The legislative function is to determine the rules that will govern the process of adjudication (this function may be merged with the judicial function, as when case law arises through precedents, or it may be exercised separately), while the executive function is to secure submission (through a variety of means, which may or may not include violence) to the adjudicative process and compliance with its verdicts. A government or state (for present purposes I shall use these terms interchangeably) is any organisation that claims, and in large part achieves, a forcibly maintained monopoly, within a given geographical territory, of these legal functions, and in particular of the use of force in the executive function. Now the market anarchist objection to government is simply a logical extension of the standard libertarian objection to coercive monopolies in general.1 First, from a moral point of view, among people regarded as equals2 it cannot be legitimate for some to claim a certain line of work as their own privileged preserve from which others are to be forcibly excluded; we no longer believe in the divine right of kings, and on no other basis could such inequality of rights be justified.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fair and Laissez-Faire Markets: from a Neoliberal Laissez- Faire Baseline to a Fair Market
    Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 8 June 2014 The Fair and Laissez-Faire Markets: From a Neoliberal Laissez- Faire Baseline to a Fair Market Eric L. Dixon University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit Part of the Economic Policy Commons, Economic Theory Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Dixon, Eric L. (2014) "The Fair and Laissez-Faire Markets: From a Neoliberal Laissez-Faire Baseline to a Fair Market," Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit/vol5/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Volunteer, Open Access, Library Journals (VOL Journals), published in partnership with The University of Tennessee (UT) University Libraries. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee by an authorized editor. For more information, please visit https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit. The Fair and Laissez-Faire Markets: From a Neoliberal Laissez-Faire Baseline to a Fair Market Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank David Reidy, Jon Garthoff, and especially Jon Shefner for their continued assistance of my studies in political economy and political philosophy. I would also like to thank my friends and family for their unconditional support. This article is available in Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit/vol5/iss1/8 Pursuit: The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Tennessee Copyright © The University of Tennessee PURSUIT trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit Fair & Laissez-Faire Markets: From a laissez-faire baseline to a fair market conception ERIC L.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulated Markets-Definition-Important Features of Regulated Markets, Function, Progress and Defects
    DR. RITA KAPIL NARVARIYA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, POWARKHEDA, JNKVV, JABALPUR (M.P.) Chapter: Regulated markets-definition-important features of regulated markets, function, progress and defects Agricultural Marketing is a process which starts with a decision to produce a saleable farm product and involves all aspects of market structure or system, both functional and institutional, based on technical and economic consideration. Forms of government intervention in agricultural marketing system consists of framing rules and regulation, promote infrastructure development, administration of prices and influence supply and demand. The remedial measures for the problems of marketing are classified into the following types: 1. Reduction and regulation of market charges. 2. Organization of cooperative marketing, and 3. Government legislations. Though agricultural marketing is a State subject, the Government of India has an important role to play in laying down general policy framework, framing of quality standards, conducting survey and research studies and in providing guidance, technical and financial support to the State Governments. The Central Government is aided and advised by two organisations under its control, namely, the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) and the National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM), Jaipur. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection: It is an attached office of the Ministry and is headed by the Agricultural Marketing Adviser to the Government of India. The organisation setup of the DMI is as under:- Head Office : Faridabad Branch Head Office : Nagpur Regional Office : Chennai, Delhi, Guntur, and Mumbai. Central Agmark Laboratory is located at Nagpur. Besides, there are 57 sub-offices and 22 Regional Agmark Laboratories spread all over the country.
    [Show full text]