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The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’S Revolutionary Guard
The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’s Revolutionary Guard SAEID GOLKAR AUGUST 2021 KASRA AARABI Contents Executive Summary 4 The Raisi Administration, the IRGC and the Creation of a New Islamic Government 6 The IRGC as the Foundation of Raisi’s Islamic Government The Clergy and the Guard: An Inseparable Bond 16 No Coup in Sight Upholding Clerical Superiority and Preserving Religious Legitimacy The Importance of Understanding the Guard 21 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to the IRGC A New Model for Understanding the IRGC’s Intra-elite Factionalism 25 The Economic Vertex The Political Vertex The Security-Intelligence Vertex Charting IRGC Commanders’ Positions on the New Model Shades of Islamism: The Ideological Spectrum in the IRGC Conclusion 32 About the Authors 33 Saeid Golkar Kasra Aarabi Endnotes 34 4 The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi Executive Summary “The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] has excelled in every field it has entered both internationally and domestically, including security, defence, service provision and construction,” declared Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi, then chief justice of Iran, in a speech to IRGC commanders on 17 March 2021.1 Four months on, Raisi, who assumes Iran’s presidency on 5 August after the country’s June 2021 election, has set his eyes on further empowering the IRGC with key ministerial and bureaucratic positions likely to be awarded to guardsmen under his new government. There is a clear reason for this ambition. Expanding the power of the IRGC serves the interests of both Raisi and his 82-year-old mentor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic. -
Fly Fauna of Livestock's of Marvdasht County of Fars Province In
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 54 (1), pp. 85–98 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/038.54.2019.008 Fly Fauna of Livestock’s of Marvdasht County of Fars Province in the South of Iran A. ANSARI POUR1, S. TIRGARI1*, J. SHAKARAMI2, S. IMANI1 and A. F. DOUSTI3 1Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran 3Department of Plant Protection, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Fars Iran (Received: 5 August 2018; accepted: 13 August 2018) Flies damage the livestock industry in many ways, including damages, physical disturbances, the transmissions of pathogens and the emergence of problems for livestock like Myiasis. In this research, the fauna of flies of Marvdasht County was investigating, which is one of the central counties of Fars province in southern Iran. In this study, a total of 20 species of flies from 6 families and 15 genera have been identified and reported. The species collected are as follows: Muscidae: Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, Musca autumnalis* De Geer, 1776, Stomoxys calci- trans** Linnaeus, 1758, Haematobia irritans** Linnaeus, 1758 Fanniidae: Fannia canicularis* Linnaeus, 1761 Calliphoridae: Calliphora vomitoria* Linnaeus, 1758, Chrysomya albiceps* Wiedemann, 1819, Lu- cilia caesar* Linnaeus, 1758, Lucilia sericata* Meigen, 1826, Lucilia cuprina* Wiedemann, 1830 Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga africa* Wiedemann, 1824, Sarcophaga aegyptica* Salem, 1935, Wohl- fahrtia magnifica** Schiner, 1862 Tabanidae: Tabanus autumnalis* Linnaeus, 1761, Tabanus bromius* Linnaeus, 1758 Syrphidae: Eristalis tenax* Linnaeus, 1758, Syritta pipiens* Linnaeus, 1758, Eupeodes nuba* Wiede- mann, 1830, Syrphus vitripennis** Meigen, 1822, Scaeva albomaculata* Macquart, 1842 Species identified with * for the first time in the county and the species marked with ** are reported for the first time from the Fars province. -
Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato Fields
JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 52, No. 2 (2012) WEED HOSTS OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN TOMATO FIELDS Fatemeh Gharabadiyan1*, Salar Jamali2, Amir Ahmadiyan Yazdi3, Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh3, Ali Eskandari4 1 Plant Protection Department, Azad University, Damghan, Iran 2 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 3 Agricultural Research Center Lecturer, Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mashhad, Iran 4 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Received: May 14, 2011 Accepted: January 9, 2012 Abstract: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the three most economically damaging genera of plant parasitic nema- todes on horticultural and field crops. Root-knot nematodes are distributed worldwide, and are obligate parasites of the roots of thousands of plant species. All major field crops, vegetable crops, turf, ornamentals, legumes and weeds are susceptible to one or more of the root-knot species. In this study, nineteen weed species were found to be hosts for Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria race 2, and M. hapla in tomato fields in Khorasan Province, Iran. Egg mass production and galling differed (p < 0.05) among these weed species: Amaranthus blitoides, Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum aviculare, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Plantago lanceolatum, Rumex acetosa, Solanum nigrum, Datura stramonium, Acroptilon repens, Alcea rosa, Alhaji camelorum, Chenopodium album, Echinochla crusgalli, Hibiscus trionum, Kochia scoparia, Malva rotundifolia, Setaria viridis, Lactuca serriola. The species P. oleracea, A. blioides, S. nigrum, P. lanceolatum, Ch. album, and C. arvensis are major threats to the natural ecosystem in the Iranian province of Khorasan. A. blitoides collected from tomato fields was a good host for 4 Meloidogyne species. -
Botanical Criteria of Baharkish Rangeland in Quchan, Khorasan Razavi Province, IRAN
J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Sept. 2016 JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at Vol. 20 (3) 574-581 All rights reserved www.ajol.info and www.bioline.org.br/ja Botanical Criteria of Baharkish Rangeland in Quchan, Khorasan Razavi Province, IRAN 1SAEED, JAHEDI POUR, *2ALIREZA, KOOCHEKI, 3MEHDI, NASSIRI MAHALLATI, 4PARVIZ, REZVANI MOGHADDAM 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad International Campus, Mashhad, I.R of IRAN *2, 3,4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R of IRAN *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Rangelands are natural ecosystems containing a range of resources of genetic diversity and numerous plant species and its evaluation has always been essential. However, biodiversity is one of the most important components of habitat assessment and the identification and introduction of the flora of an area is one of the significant operations that can be used in order to optimize the utilization of the available natural resources. Baharkish rangeland is located at a distance of about 60 km south of the city of Quchan. The rangeland’s average elevation is about 2069 m above sea level, with its lowest at 1740 m and highest at 2440 m. Baharkish rangland in over a ten year period had the average annual rainfall of 337 mm and 998.2 mm evaporation as well as average annual temperature of 9.4°C, respectivelly. The results of the research conducted in the spring of 2014, showed that the total study area includes 77 species from 22 families with Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae and Brassicaceae being the dominant families with 18%, 13%, 12%, 9%, 8% and 6% respectively. -
3342 Investigating Geopolitical Factors Of
INVESTIGATING GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS OF RELIGIOUS CITIES (CASE OF STUDY: MASHHAD CITY) PJAEE, 18 (7) (2021) INVESTIGATING GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS OF RELIGIOUS CITIES (CASE OF STUDY: MASHHAD CITY) Dr. Ibrahim Romina 1*, Dr. Mahtab Jafari2 , Maryam Kalhor3 1 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran (Corresponding Author) [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. [email protected] 3 PhD Student in Political Geography, Tehran Research Sciences Branch. [email protected] Dr. Ibrahim Romina, Dr. Mahtab Jafari , Maryam Kalhor: Investigating Geopolitical Factors of Religious Cities (Case of Study: Mashhad City) -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 18(7), ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: City, Religious city, Urban geopolitics, Power and competition ABSTRACT The security and defense approaches of every nation-state in world politics are derived from its perception of the threat posed to it from peripheral and international environment. The perceptions and misunderstandings of governments are the embodiment of their security behaviors and actions in international relations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of perception of threat and its effect on dominant Iranian security behavior in the Middle East. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, many regional governments have taken an aggressive and non-peaceful approach to the government of Iran and have perceived it as a government disrupting accepted rules of the game and also their internal stability and security. The question is "How the perception of the threat has formed the security behavior and policy of the government of the Islamic republic of Iran after the victory of the Islamic revolution?" The answer to this question, applying the theory of defensive realism, argues that threat perception by the Islamic Republic of Iran has mainly shaped its security and defensive policies in an intrinsic and unilateral threat balance in the Middle East. -
TRI Consulting, Exploring Opportunities in Iran's Hotel Market
Exploring Opportunities in Iran’s Hotel Market 2016 Introduction Exploring Opportunities in Iran’s Hotel Market Over the past two decades, TRI Consulting has undertaken many market and financial Iran is a theocratic republic consisting of 31 provinces. The capital of the country is Following the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Iran has been governed as a theocratic feasibility studies, highest and best use studies and hotel operator searches for hotel Tehran, which is located in the northern region of Iran. Other notable cities include state, whereby the Supreme Leader is the Head of State, who is elected by a council projects across Iran. With the signing of the initial framework (between the P5+1 Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Tabriz, Kerman and Yazd. of experts, who are democratically elected. The first Supreme Leader of Iran, also nations of US, UK, China, Russia, France & Germany) in July 2013, our work in Iran known as the founder of the Republic, was Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and was Iran’s population base accounted for nearly 80 million inhabitants in 2016, making it significantly increased, advising local, regional and international investors and hotel succeeded by Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameini in 1989, following the death of his prede- the most populous country in the region. One of Iran’s distinct characteristics in the management companies. cessor. region is its ethnic diversity which include the Persians, Tats, Kurds, Lurs, Talyshs and In recent months, we undertook a hotel market opportunities assessment for every Balochis , among others. The country also has one of the largest youth populations in The next most significant political figure after the Supreme Leader is the President, city in Iran with over one million people. -
Arachnida: Araneae)
Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol. 1, No. 1, 59-66, 2005 ISSN: 1735-434X Faunistic study of spiders in Khorasan Province, Iran (Arachnida: Araneae) OMID MIRSHAMSI KAKHKI* Zoology Museum, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN The spiders of Iran are still very incompletely known. As a result of the study of spider fauna in different localities of Khorasan Province and other studies which have been done by other workers a total of 26 families, 63 genera and 95 species are recorded from these areas. Distribution in Khorasan Province and in the world, field and some taxonomic notes are given for each species. Available biological or ecological data are provided. Key Words: Araneae, spider fauna, Khorasan, Iran INTRODUCTION The order Araneae ranks seventh in global diversity after the five insect orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera) and Acarina among the Arachnids in terms of species described (Coddington and Levi, 1991). Because spiders are not studied thoroughly estimation of total diversity is very difficult. On the basis of records, the faunas of Western Europe, especially England, and Japan are completely known, and areas such as South America, Africa, the pacific region and the Middle East are very poorly known (Coddington and Levi, 1991). Platnick in his World Spider Catalog (2005) has estimated that there are about 38000 species worldwide, arranged in 110 families. Despite this diversity among spiders, limited studies could be found in literature on spider fauna of Iran. Indeed, taxonomic and faunistic studies on spiders of Iran have begun during the last 10 years. Before that our knowledge of Iranian spiders was limited to the studies of some foreign authors such as Roewer (1955); Levi (1959); Kraus & Kraus (1989); Brignoli (1970, 72, 80, 81); Senglet (1974); Wunderlich (1995); Levy & Amitai (1982); Logunov (1999,2001,2004); Logunov et al (1999, 2002); Saaristo et al(1996) . -
Future Climate Projection and Zoning of Extreme Temperature Indices
Future Climate Projection and Zoning of Extreme Temperature Indices Mohammad Askari Zadeh Climatological Research Institute Gholamali Mozaffari ( [email protected] ) Yazd University Mansoureh Kouhi Climatological Research Institute Younes Khosravi University of Zanjan Research Article Keywords: Climate change, global warming, extreme index, trend, Razavi Khorasan. Posted Date: July 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-688612/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/25 Abstract Global warming due to increasing carbon dioxide emissions over the past two centuries has had numerous climatic consequences. The change in the behavior and characteristics of extreme weather events such as temperature and precipitation is one of the consequences that have been of interest to researchers worldwide. In this study, the trend of 3 extreme indices of temperature: SU35, TR20, and DTR over two future periods have been studied using downscaled output of 3 GCMs in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The results show that the range of temperature diurnal variation (DTR) at three stations of Mashhad, Torbat-e-Heydarieh and Sabzevar during the base period has been reduced signicantly. The trend of the number of summer days with temperatures above 35°C (SU35) in both Mashhad and Sabzevar stations was positive and no signicant trend was found at Torbat-e-Heydarieh station. The number of tropical nights index (TR20) also showed a positive and signicant increase in the three stations under study. The results showed highly signicant changes in temperature extremes. The percentage of changes in SU35 index related to base period (1961–2014) for all three models (CNCM3, HadCM3 and NCCCSM) under A1B and A2 scenarios indicated a signicant increase for the future periods of 2011–2030 and 2046–2065. -
See the Document
IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways -
Historical, Structural and Environmental Features of the Qanat in Iran
International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage Tehran-Iran May 2-5, 2007 HISTORICAL, STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE QANAT IN IRAN Ghasem Zarei1, Abolfazl Nasseri2 ABSTRACT Average rainfall in Iran (With 250 mm) is less than one-third of the global average annual rainfall and similar to that of arid and semi-arid countries of the world. For overcome water shortage in Iran, an old and interesting technique called as qanats was devised which convey water from an aquifer to lower-elevation fields. The qanats consist of a horizontal tunnel that taps ground water in an alluvial fan, brings it to the surface due to gravitational force. It provides required water for production of agricultural crops. Construction and exploitation of qanats have some environmental benefits. For instance, qanats waters don't have any contaminations. Also, improving vegetation cover without a biological changes in vegetative population are local achievements of the qanats. Other environmental advantages, historical and structural features in Iran were presented in the paper as detail. Keywords: Qanat, Irrigation history, Structural and environmental features of the qanat. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL FEATURE Water and its resources is development key for Iran. Therefore, the qanats as a main water resource is very valuable natural resources in arid zone in Iran. There are some 22000 qanat units in Iran, comprising more than 170000 miles of underground channels (Saffari, 2005). Some qanat advantages are as follow (Davarpanah, 2005): a) Utilization of gravity force for bringing out water. b) Lack of need to fuel, electric power, and motor pump station. c) Existence of local specialists for building and repairing and dredging qanats and is consistent with culture and environment. -
About Mashhad
About Mashhad Imam Reza Holy Shrine in (رضا امام حرم :Imam Reza shrine (Persian Mashhad, Iran is a complex which contains the mausoleum of Imam Reza, the eighth Imam of Twelver Shiites. It is the largest mosque in the world by dimension and the second largest by capacity. Also contained within the complex are the Goharshad Mosque, a museum, a library, four seminaries, a cemetery, the Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, a dining hall for pilgrims, vast prayer halls, and other buildings. Imam Reza Holy Shrine Museum Imam Reza Holy Shrine museums are among the richest museums of Islamic Republic of Iran, and are included among the most important art and cultural centers of the Islamic world. Astan Quds Razavi have several active museums which are as follows: Central Museum: This museum was inaugurated in 1964. The present building of the museum was constructed in 1977 in the eastern flank of Imam Khomeini (R.A.) courtyard. In this museum precious and exquisite objects present in the treasury of the holy shrine like the old covers of the Zarih around the sacred grave, paintings, utensils made of chinaware and steel, golden inscriptions, carpets different types of old lighting instruments, a single piece of carved stone called "Sangab" dating back to the Timurid era, medals and coins are exhibited for the visitors. Qur'anic Treasure Museum After the victory of the glorious Islamic revolution in Iran, the new Chief Reverend Custodian of Astan Quds Razavi ordered the construction of a grand new building to display the unique manuscripts of the Holy Qur'an preserved in the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi. -
Les Appellations D'origine Et Les Indications Géographiques
Les appellations d’origine Appellations of origin Las denominaciones de origen No 47 Les appellations d’origine Année 2018 / Year 2018 / Año 2018 Publication du Bureau international Publication Date: February 10, 2005 de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle No 39 - Janvier 2011 Fecha de publicación: 10 de febrero de 2005 Appellations of origin Nos 838979 - 839219 Publication of the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization No. 39 - January 2011 Las denominaciones de origen Publicación de la Oficina Internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual No 39 - Enero de 2011 ISSN 0253-8180O OMPI 2011 PUB: 105 Les appellations d’origine Publication du Bureau international de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OMPI) Appellations of origin Publication of the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Las denominaciones de origen Publicación de la Oficina Internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) Année 2018 / Year 2018 / Año 2018 No. 47 Administration : Service d’enregistrement Administration: Lisbon Registry Administración: Registro de Lisboa Lisbonne WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA ORGANIZATION (WIPO) PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL (OMPI) PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE (OMPI) 34, chemin des Colombettes 34 chemin des Colombettes 34, chemin des Colombettes CH-1211 GENEVA 20 (Switzerland) CH-1211 GINEBRA 20 (Suiza) CH-1211 GENÈVE 20 (Suisse) (+41) 22 338 91 11