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Nursing Practice Today Nursing Practice Today Nurs Pract Today. 2018; 5(2):299-309. Original Article A study on the awareness, attitudes and performance of teachers towards the organ donation during 2016-2017 Mozhgan Mohammadpour1, Ali Mohammadpour*2, Hosein Ajam-Zibad3, Samane Najafi4 1 Department of Student Research Center Committee, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 3 Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 4 Department of Family Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Background & Aim: providing an organ for donation is a fundamental issue, but the rate of donation in Received 06 December 2017 our country is not favorable. Having awareness, attitude and performance to the organ Revised 20 January 2018 Accepted 22 January 2018 donation are essential for groups that affected public opinion. The information and knowledge teachers ePublish 13 January 2018 provide for students is the basis for the future attitude toward this topic. The aim of the present study was Publish 7 June 2018 to examine the awareness, attitude, and performance of teachers toward organ donation. Materials and Methods: the research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of Available online at: research were 340 teachers in Torbat-e Heidariyeh in 1396. Data collection instruments were researcher- http://npt.tums.ac.ir made valid and reliable questionnaire which was used to assess demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of individuals. Data were analyzed by using Spss 22 software, descriptive and Key words: analytical statistics. awareness, Results: the mean age of participants were 41/7±8/01and about 68/2 % of them had bachelor's degree. attitude, 91/2 % of them did not participate in the course related to the donation. The mean score of awareness, performance, attitude, and participation were 12/66±2/92, 98/08±10/39and 2/78±1/57 respectively. There were organ transplantation, significant relationships among awareness, attitude and teachers performance about organ donation with school teachers age, teaching experience, education levels, teaching levels, disciplines of teaching and experience of participation in the course (P <0.05), but there was no significant relationship with gender. Conclusion: despite the average awareness and favorable attitude towards organ donation, unfortunately, there was no proper performance toward donation. This qualification was related to demographic features of individuals. These finding suggesting a focus on educational and advertising program for teachers that play an important role in changing the existing opinion to organ donation in students, families, and society. Introduction1 for the preservation of human life and one of these valuable services is the progress in the Maintaining the life and enjoying the human organ transplantation (2). blessing of health is the absolute right of Organ transplantation is a medical every human being. In Islam, the salvation of procedure in which an organ is removed human life is of great importance, to the from one body and placed in the body of a extent that God knows the salvation of a recipient in order to repair the damaged and human being equal to the salvation of all non-recoverable tissues or to replace a human beings in the Holy Quran (1). damaged or missing organ (3). In addition to Medical science has provided many services improving the quality of life and the increased life expectancy in patients, organ * Corresponding Author: Ali Mohammadpour, Postal Address: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing, transplantation also saves the treatment costs Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. Email: (4). Many patients in Iran suffer from organ [email protected] failures and are in need of organ transplant. Please cite this article in press as: Mohammadpour M, Mohammadpour A, Ajam-Zibad H, Najafi S. A study on the awareness, attitudes and Performance of teachers towards the organ donation during 2016-2017. Nurs Pract Today. 2018; 5(2):299-309 Attitudes of teachers about organ donation Nursing Practice Today. 2018;5(2): 299-309. According to the Iranian Society of organ donation (9). According to the International Donation, about 26,000 patients in Iran are Association of Organ Donation and on the waiting list of organ transplant and Transplantation, the highest statistics in this between 7 to 10 of these individuals die regard were for Spain (35.9 per million every day due to the lack of proper organs person), while the overall organ donation rate (5). Meanwhile, due to the rising prevalence in Iran was reported to be 8.4 PMP. The of acute and chronic illnesses and the highest donation rate from the living donors increase in the number of car accidents and was associated with Turkey (42.5 PMP), and other unfortunate incidents, the number of this statistic was reported as 15.3 PMP in people in need of organ transplant is Iran (10). increasing day by day. Given the growing need for organ Despite the advances in medical science donation in the community, this low and the remarkable scientific ability of Iran donation rate in our country (Iran) is not in organ transplantation, the provision of the desirable. The results of the study done by required organ is one of the main problems Hejazi et al. in Bojnourd showed that the in this regard (6). The needed organs for awareness of the majority of people is at the transplantation are provided in three ways moderate level in this regard; people also did including the medical artifacts, the organs of not have a favorable attitude toward the animals, and the organs of human body. Due organ donation. Thus, public education is to the limitations of organ provision through necessary in this respect in order to correct the living donors, the need for specific the misconceptions, develop positive conditions for organ donation after a normal attitudes, and increase the citizens' awareness death, and the different genetic structure level (11). Organ donation is a process which between the humans and animals, people is not only the health system involved in, but with brain death are therefore an important many other organizations, such as the and desirable source of organ donation (6). Broadcasting, Health Charities, Ministry of About 90% of the organ transplants are Education, and many other institutions, also provided by brain death (7). In fact, brain have an impact on the expansion of the death is the irreversible loss of all functions culture of organ donation. of the brain, including the brainstem, in The results of the study conducted by which only the function of the cardiovascular Sadic et al. indicated that there is a need for system exists, and other organs are healthy greater collaboration between the health-care and ready for transplantation (8). Given that personnel, religious authorities, and school a brain-dead person never returns to life, teachers to reduce the large difference organ donation is the best and of course, the between the supply and demand of organs most humanitarian action that the family of for transplantation (12). Therefore, it is the brain-dead patients can do for other necessary to provide a suitable platform for patients who are in need of organ encouraging people to organ donation transplantation. This action is simple in through the involvement of other groups of speaking, but in practice, it is a very difficult society (especially teachers) in the culture- situation for families to decide on. According building practices in this regard. to the Iranian Society of Organ Donation, In Spain, the results of the study by about 5,000 to 8,000 brain deaths occurred in Febrero et al. showed that 75% of teachers 2016, with around 2500 to 4000 people support the organ donation, and their attitude being qualified for organ donation; however, was influenced by the psychosocial factors only 870 cases of donation have been (13). In addition, the results of the study done reported (5). The results of the study by Roeyz et al. showed that teachers' conducted by Aghaei et al. (1395) in awareness of the brain death has a positive Mashhad showed that 51.8% of the brain effect on their attitudes towards the organ death cases were satisfied with the organ donation and, given that teachers are the 300 Attitudes of teachers about organ donation Nursing Practice Today. 2018;5(2): 299-309. educators in the community, training is Province in 2017. The sample size was necessary to increase their awareness level in estimated as 338 individuals considering the this regard (14). It should be noted that most total volume of the statistical population teachers and students support the school (2841 individuals, the total number of the curriculum on organ donation, and students' teachers in Torbat-e Heydarieh in 2016) training at school has an effect on the views using the Morgan Table, which was finally of families in this regard (15). Furthermore, determined as 355 individuals considering Khaddami et al. showed that the main the 5% of falling. At first, the sample size reasons for not attending the teachers in the was selected from among the teachers of process of organ donation included the lack Torbat-e Heydarieh using the stratified of their awareness of patients with chronic random sampling method with the diseases and lack of trust in the organ proportional allocation, in a way that each of transplant system. Therefore, building trust the school grades, including the elementary in the brain death diagnostic systems, along and secondary schools, was allocated in a with the relevant educational programs, is separate stratum in terms of their gender necessary for the teachers (16).
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