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Mega Cabinets in Sri Lanka (Report No 1) Perceptions and Implications This position paper is published under the ‘Ministerial Expenditure Monitoring’ programme of Transparency International Sri Lanka. It provides an analysis based on the findings of the programme to date on expenditure involved in maintaining a large cabinet in Sri Lanka within the current political and economic context. We acknowledge the team of researchers headed by Ms. Lakmini Seneviratne, (LL.B (Hons) (Colombo), LL.M (Harvard), Attorney-at-Law) consultant for the programme for the invaluable work done in this regard. Transparency International Sri Lanka 28/1, Buller’s Lane, Colombo 7. Tel./Fax : 0112-501474, 0112-592287 E-Mail : [email protected] Web : http://www.tisrilanka.org 1 Introduction Transparency International defines political corruption as “the misuse of political power for private benefit, in particular the benefits of power, status and wealth” 1. According to the definition, it takes two basic forms: corrupt accumulation and extraction and corruption for power preservation and expansion and includes situations where loopholes in national laws and regulations are deliberately side- stepped, ignored and custom-made. Notably, an idea survey conducted among a sample of the Sri Lankan public uncovered some common public perceptions on “ministers” in Sri Lanka, which while being predominantly pessimistic were significantly analogous to the TI definition with the use of terms such as “looter”, “liar, parliament, power, rich”, “crooks”, “big tummy-always shouting doing nothing”, “stupid”, “corruption”, “too many”, “bribery” etc. The Cabinet of Sri Lanka under Executive President Mahinda Rajapakse was sworn in on 23 rd November 2005 with 26 Ministers. -
Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire
Sri Lanka’s Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire Asia Report N°253 | 13 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Northern Province Elections and the Future of Devolution ............................................ 2 A. Implementing the Thirteenth Amendment? ............................................................. 3 B. Northern Militarisation and Pre-Election Violations ................................................ 4 C. The Challenges of Victory .......................................................................................... 6 1. Internal TNA discontent ...................................................................................... 6 2. Sinhalese fears and charges of separatism ........................................................... 8 3. The TNA’s Tamil nationalist critics ...................................................................... 9 D. The Legal and Constitutional Battleground .............................................................. 12 E. A Short- -
Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka
Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Nirekha De Silva Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Copyright© WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, New Delhi, India, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama Core 4A, UGF, India Habitat Centre Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India This initiative was made possible by a grant from the Ford Foundation. The views expressed are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of WISCOMP or the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of HH The Dalai Lama, nor are they endorsed by them. 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Preface 7 Introduction 9 Methodology 11 List of Abbreviations 13 Civil War in Sri Lanka 14 Army Women 20 LTTE Women 34 Peace and the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration 45 Human Needs and Human Rights in Reintegration 55 Psychological Barriers in Reintegration 68 Social Adjustment to Civil Life 81 Available Mechanisms 87 Recommendations 96 Directory of Available Resources 100 • Counselling Centres 100 • Foreign Recruitment 102 • Local Recruitment 132 • Vocational Training 133 • Financial Resources 160 • Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) 163 Bibliography 199 List of People Interviewed 204 3 4 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr. Meenakshi Gopinath and Sumona DasGupta of Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace (WISCOMP), India, for offering the Scholar for Peace Fellowship in 2005. -
The Journal of the International Association for Bon Research
THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BON RESEARCH ✴ LA REVUE DE L’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA RECHERCHE SUR LE BÖN New Horizons in Bon Studies 3 Inaugural Issue Volume 1 – Issue 1 The International Association for Bon Research L’association pour la recherche sur le Bön c/o Dr J.F. Marc des Jardins Department of Religion, Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Ouest, R205 Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8 Logo: “Gshen rab mi bo descending to Earth as a Coucou bird” by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny Copyright © 2013 The International Association for Bon Research ISSN: 2291-8663 THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BON RESEARCH – LA REVUE DE L’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA RECHERCHE SUR LE BÖN (JIABR-RAIRB) Inaugural Issue – Première parution December 2013 – Décembre 2013 Chief editor: J.F. Marc des Jardins Editor of this issue: Nathan W. Hill Editorial Board: Samten G. Karmay (CNRS); Nathan Hill (SOAS); Charles Ramble (EPHE, CNRS); Tsering Thar (Minzu University of China); J.F. Marc des Jardins (Concordia). Introduction: The JIABR – RAIBR is the yearly publication of the International Association for Bon Research. The IABR is a non-profit organisation registered under the Federal Canadian Registrar (DATE). IABR - AIRB is an association dedicated to the study and the promotion of research on the Tibetan Bön religion. It is an association of dedicated researchers who engage in the critical analysis and research on Bön according to commonly accepted scientific criteria in scientific institutes. The fields of studies represented by our members encompass the different academic disciplines found in Humanities, Social Sciences and other connected specialities. -
Sri Lanka Democracy and Governance Assessment
USAID/G/DG SRI LANKA DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT Contract No. OUT-AEP-I-00-99-00040, TO 3 May 18, 2001 David Timberman, MSI Gwendolyn G. Bevis, MSI [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary............................................................................................................................ ii I. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1 II. Defining the Democracy and Governance Problem in Sri Lanka ................................................1 III. Key Underlying Causes of Sri Lanka’s DG Problem .................................................................3 1. The dominance of the Sinhalese-Buddhist concept of the Sri Lankan nation......................4 2. Elite political competition fuels ethnically-based majoritarianism and is increasingly undemocratic .............................................................................................6 3. Government is excessively centralized, influential and politicized ....................................9 4. Civil society organizations have limited impact on politics and governance .................... 11 5. The ethnic conflict has become a well-entrenched institution ......................................... 12 IV. Addressing the Causes of Sri Lanka’s DG Problem: Options for Donors ................................. 15 1. Support efforts to end the conflict and achieve a sustainable peace................................. 16 2. Discourage undemocratic -
Majoritarian Politics in Sri Lanka: the ROOTS of PLURALISM BREAKDOWN
Majoritarian Politics in Sri Lanka: THE ROOTS OF PLURALISM BREAKDOWN Neil DeVotta | Wake Forest University April 2017 I. INTRODUCTION when seeking power; and the sectarian violence that congealed and hardened attitudes over time Sri Lanka represents a classic case of a country all contributed to majoritarianism. Multiple degenerating on the ethnic and political fronts issues including colonialism, a sense of Sinhalese when pluralism is deliberately eschewed. At Buddhist entitlement rooted in mytho-history, independence in 1948, Sinhalese elites fully economic grievances, politics, nationalism and understood that marginalizing the Tamil minority communal violence all interacting with and was bound to cause this territorialized community stemming from each other, pushed the island to eventually hit back, but they succumbed to towards majoritarianism. This, in turn, then led to ethnocentrism and majoritarianism anyway.1 ethnic riots, a civil war accompanied by terrorism What were the factors that motivated them to do that ultimately killed over 100,000 people, so? There is no single explanation for why Sri democratic regression, accusations of war crimes Lanka failed to embrace pluralism: a Buddhist and authoritarianism. revival in reaction to colonialism that allowed Sinhalese Buddhist nationalists to combine their The new government led by President community’s socio-economic grievances with Maithripala Sirisena, which came to power in ethnic and religious identities; the absence of January 2015, has managed to extricate itself minority guarantees in the Constitution, based from this authoritarianism and is now trying to on the Soulbury Commission the British set up revive democratic institutions promoting good prior to granting the island independence; political governance and a degree of pluralism. -
Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka
Policy Studies 40 Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka Neil DeVotta East-West Center Washington East-West Center The East-West Center is an internationally recognized education and research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen understanding and relations between the United States and the countries of the Asia Pacific. Through its programs of cooperative study, training, seminars, and research, the Center works to promote a stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia Pacific community in which the United States is a leading and valued partner. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. government, private foundations, individuals, cor- porations, and a number of Asia Pacific governments. East-West Center Washington Established on September 1, 2001, the primary function of the East- West Center Washington is to further the East-West Center mission and the institutional objective of building a peaceful and prosperous Asia Pacific community through substantive programming activities focused on the themes of conflict reduction, political change in the direction of open, accountable, and participatory politics, and American under- standing of and engagement in Asia Pacific affairs. Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka Policy Studies 40 ___________ Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka ___________________________ Neil DeVotta Copyright © 2007 by the East-West Center Washington Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka By Neil DeVotta ISBN: 978-1-932728-65-1 (online version) ISSN: 1547-1330 (online version) Online at: www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/publications East-West Center Washington 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 200 Washington, D.C. -
The National Christian Council of Sri Lanka Annual Report 2012-13
1 2 THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF SRI LANKA ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13 An ecumenical pilgrimage… with the God of life 3 4 An Ecumenical Pilgrimage ...with the God of Life We believe in a living God, a God who lives and enables all living beings to exist, a God who is the source of life, a God who assures fullness of life and bestows on us the possibility of eternal life. We believe in a God who creates and sustains life, a God who affirms life. Human life therefore is sacred, because human life came into being through the very breath of God, which indicates the ultimate possibility of a closer relationship between God and humans. In the life and ministry of Jesus we find that death is defeated on the cross along with all agents of death. Death is the denial of life. The defeat of death is the affirmation of life, which is assured, experienced and made possible through the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ. The proclamation of the risen Lord, is actually a proclamation that death is defeated, the agents of death overcome, and that eternal life and abundant life is a possibility for every human being. This is clearly summed up in the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, ... I came that they may have life and have it abundantly” (Jn 10:10) and “I give them eternal life, and they will never perish...” (Jn 10:28). The final vision of the Reign of God is portrayed in the image of the river of life and the tree of life (Rev. -
Sri Lanka a Handbook for US Fulbright Grantees
Welcome to Sri Lanka A Handbook for US Fulbright Grantees US – SL Fulbright Commission (US-SLFC) 55 Abdul Cafoor Mawatha Colombo 3 Sri Lanka Tel: + 94-11-256-4176 Fax: + 94-11-256-4153 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fulbrightsrilanka.com Contents Map of Sri Lanka Welcome Sri Lanka: General Information Facts Sri Lanka: An Overview Educational System Pre-departure Official Grantee Status Obtaining your Visa Travel Things to Bring Health & Medical Insurance Customs Clearance Use of the Diplomatic pouch Preparing for change Recommended Reading/Resources In Country Arrival Welcome-pack Orientation Jet Lag Coping with the Tropical Climate Map of Colombo What’s Where in Colombo Restaurants Transport Housing Money Matters Banks Communication Shipping goods home Health Senior Scholars with Families Things to Do Life and Work in Sri Lanka The US Scholar in Sri Lanka Midterm and Final Reports Shopping Useful Telephone Numbers Your Feedback Appendix: Domestic Notes for Sri Lanka (Compiled by U.S. Fulbrighters 2008-09) The cover depicts a Sandakadaphana; the intricately curved stone base built into the foot of the entrances to buildings of ancient kingdoms. The stone derives it’s Sinhala name from its resemblance to the shape of a half-moon and each motif symbolises a concept in Buddhism. The oldest and most intricately craved Sandakadaphana belongs to the Anuradhapura Kingdom. 2 “My preparation for this long trip unearthed an assortment of information about Sri Lanka that was hard to synthesize – history, religions, laws, nature and ethnic conflict on the one hand and names, advice, maps and travel tips on the other. -
“Inelastic Proxy for Consumption Growth”
“Inelastic Proxy for Consumption Growth” Liquor Sector in Sri Lanka March 2016 Analyst- Hiruni Perera [email protected] 011 5889809 LOLC Securities Limited (An LOLC Group Company) Contents Investment Case Industry Dynamics Liquor industry to reap benefits from expected increase in GDP Inelastic demand for Arrack consumption Arrack Consumption to maintain a modest growth of 1.7% Inelastic demand for malt liquor (Beer) consumption Beer consumption growth to slow with recent excise duty hike Excise duty for 1% of alc. strength of Beer > Excise duty paid for 1% of alc. strength of Arrack However demand growth for Beer to outpace growth for Arrack in mid-long term We estimate 4% growth in total recorded liquor consumption for 2016 Growth in tourism can be a key catalyst for the growth in the liquor sector LOLC Securities Limited | Sector Research 2 Contents contd. Industry Dynamics contd. A gradual reduction in the illicit and illegal liquor consumption Budget 2016 is trending positive for big players Excise duty on liquor to play an important role in the Gvt. Fiscal revenue Less likelihood of a complete ban of liquor in Sri Lanka However certain countries exists in the world with prohibition of liquor Tight regulations to govern the liquor industry in Sri Lanka Cultural and demographic factors to influence liquor consumption We estimate liquor consumers to represent 25% of population Key Players in the industry Appendices LOLC Securities Limited | Sector Research 3 Investment Case LOLC Securities Limited | Sector Research 4 Investment Case Inelastic proxy for consumption growth……. Liquor consumption in Sri Lanka is expected to be supported from the increase in GDP per capita income due to its strong positive correlation between total liquor consumption and GDP. -
12 Manogaran.Pdf
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka National Capilal District Boundarl3S * Province Boundaries Q 10 20 30 010;1)304050 Sri Lanka • Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka CHELVADURAIMANOGARAN MW~1 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS • HONOLULU - © 1987 University ofHawaii Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Manogaran, Chelvadurai, 1935- Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sri Lanka-Politics and government. 2. Sri Lanka -Ethnic relations. 3. Tamils-Sri Lanka-Politics and government. I. Title. DS489.8.M36 1987 954.9'303 87-16247 ISBN 0-8248-1116-X • The prosperity ofa nation does not descend from the sky. Nor does it emerge from its own accord from the earth. It depends upon the conduct ofthe people that constitute the nation. We must recognize that the country does not mean just the lifeless soil around us. The country consists ofa conglomeration ofpeople and it is what they make ofit. To rectify the world and put it on proper path, we have to first rec tify ourselves and our conduct.... At the present time, when we see all over the country confusion, fear and anxiety, each one in every home must con ., tribute his share ofcool, calm love to suppress the anger and fury. No governmental authority can sup press it as effectively and as quickly as you can by love and brotherliness. SATHYA SAl BABA - • Contents List ofTables IX List ofFigures Xl Preface X111 Introduction 1 CHAPTER I Sinhalese-Tamil -
Wh 100. Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Buddhism in Sri Lanka A Short History By H. R. Perera Buddhist Publication Society Kandy • Sri Lanka Wheel Publication No: 100 Copyright © Kandy; Buddhist Publication Society First published: 1966 Reprinted:1988 BPS Online Edition © (2008) Digital Transcription Source: BPS Transcription Project For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted and redistributed in any medium. 2 However, any such republication and redistribution is to be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis, and translations and other derivative works are to be clearly marked as such. 3 Preface The present treatise, Buddhism in Sri Lanka: A Short History deals with the history of Buddhism in this island from the time of its introduction in 250 BCE in the reign of King Devānampiyatissa, up to the present time (1966). The work is the outcome of an attempt to revise Dr. W. A. de Silva’s monograph entitled “History of Buddhism in Ceylon” appearing in Buddhistic Studies of Dr. B. C. Law (Calcutta, 1931). It should be mentioned, with due respect to the great scholar and national leader, that several of the chapters of his monograph have been reproduced here while many have been revised and enlarged. A few new chapters too have been added where it was deemed necessary. The author’s and the publishers’ thanks are due to Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta, the publishers of Buddhistic Studies, for their kind permission to make use of Dr. W. A. de Silva’s article. The writer of the present work has made use of a large number of other works, both ancient and modern, in its compilation.