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Evaluasi Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Bodri Dengan Menggunakan HEC-RAS

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Evaluasi Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Bodri Dengan Menggunakan HEC-RAS Evaluasi Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Bodri Dengan Menggunakan HEC-RAS Abrar Putra Harjanto1, Akhmad Imamudin1, Budi Santosa2 1,2 Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Jl. Pawiyatan Luhur IV/1, Bendan Dhuwur, Semarang 50234 3 Dosen Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Jl. Pawiyatan Luhur IV/1, Bendan Dhuwur, Semarang 50234 e-mail : [email protected] Abstrak Banjir bandang yang terjadi di Dukuh Desa Kaliputih, Kecamatan Singorojo, Kendal. Banjir bandang yang terjadi diakibatkan meluapnya Sungai Bodri. Hal ini terjadi karena debit air sungai yang sangat tinggi dan kurangnya daya tampung sungai sehingga meluap dan terjadi banjir. Untuk itu diperlukan evaluasi kapasitas penampang Sungai Bodri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kapasitas eksisting Sungai Bodri dalam menampung debit rencana banjir serta memberikan solusi alternatif penanganan mengatasi banjir. Data yang diperlukan berupa data curah hujan, data tata guna lahan, data Sungai Bodri dari Dinas PSDA Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan data debit harian pada titik kontrol Bendung Juwero. Data curah hujan yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan harian yang tercatat di stasiun Patean, Patebon dan Singorojo. Data hujan harian ini selanjutnya diolah menjadi data hujan jam-jaman menggunakan metode mononobe. Kemudian dari parameter yang telah ditentukan dimasukan kedalam software HEC-HMS. Proses HEC-HMS ini kemudian akan menghasilkan debit rencana. Tahapan selanjutnya yang dilakukan adalah mengolah data menggunakan software HEC-RAS untuk memodelkan Sungai Bodri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, Kondisi eksisting Sungai Bodri dengan debit kala ulang 2, 5, 10, 25 dan 50 tahun tidak dapat menampung debit yang direncanakan. Dalam kajian ini solusi alternatif yang dilakukan adalah berupa normalisasi sungai, bermula pada STA 0+000 sampai dengan STA 246 dengan jarak ± 25,69 km. Kata kunci : Banjir, Debit Banjir, HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS. Abstract Flash floods that occurred in Hamlet Village Kaliputih, District Singorojo, Kendal. Flash floods that occur due to overflow of the River Bodri. This happens because the river water discharge is very high and the lack of capacity so that the river overflows and floods occur. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of the Bodri River cross section. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing capacity of the Bodri River to accommodate the flood discharge plan as well as to provide alternative solutions to overcome the flood. Required data are rainfall data, land use data, Bodri River data from PSDA of Central Java Province and daily debit data at control point of Juwero Dam. The rainfall data used is the daily rainfall recorded in Patean, Patebon and Singorojo stations. Daily rainfall data is then processed into hour-time rain data using mononobe method. Then from the parameters that have been determined included into HEC-HMS software. This HEC-HMS process will then generate the plan debit. The next step is to process data using HEC-RAS software to model the Bodri River. The result of the research shows that the existing condition of the Bodri River with the reset discharge of 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 years can not accommodate the planned discharge. In this study the alternative solution is the normalization of the river, starting at STA 0 + 000 up to STA 246 with distance ± 25.69 km. Keywords : Floods, Flood discharge, HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS 1. PENDAHULUAN b. Menghitung debit rencana Sungai Bodri dengan periode ulang 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 1.1 Latar Belakang tahun, 25 tahun dan 50 tahun, Air merupakan salah satu sumber kehidupan c. Mengevaluasi kapasitas eksisting Sungai bagi semua makhluk hidup, tetapi bila dengan Bodri dalam menampung debit banjir jumlah yang sangat besar, air juga dapat menjadi rencana serta memberikan solusi masalah bagi kehidupan. Salah satu bentuk alternatif penanganan mengatasi banjir. masalah yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh volume air dalam jumlah yang sangat besar adalah bencana banjir. Di Indonesia tercatat memiliki lebih dari 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 5.000 sungai besar dan kecil, 30% diantaranya melewati kawasan padat penduduk, yang 2.1 Siklus Hidrologi berpotensi menimbulkan banjir pada wilayah Siklus hidrologi merupakan proses kontinyu tersebut (Pusat Penanggulangan Krisis, 2007). Salah dimana air bergerak dari bumi ke atmosfer dan contoh daerah yang berpotensi banjir di Indonesia kemudian ke bumi lagi (Triatmodjo, 2010). adalah Kabupaten Kendal. Kabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu 2.2 Hujan wilayah dari Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang berpotensi Menurut Triatmodjo (2010) hujan adalah banjir dilanda bencana banjir yang hampir setiap bentuk presipitasi berbentuk air dari atmosfer yang tahunnya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah jatuh sampai ke permukaan bumi; yang bisa berupa meluapnya sungai Bodri. Sungai yang terletak di hujan, hujan salju, kabut, embun dan hujan es. Kabupaten Temanggung di bagian hulu serta 2.6 Pemilihan Jenis Sebaran Kabupaten Kendal ini menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan suatu evaluasi kapasitas penampang sungai sebagai upaya dalam penanggulangan a. Distribusi Gumbel (Soemarto, 1999) bencana banjir. S X X Y Y ............................(1) Untuk melakukan evaluasi kapasitas T S T n penampang sungai Bodri perlu adanya pemodelan n hidraulik. Pemodelan dalam hidraulik memiliki b. Distribusi Normal (Soemarto, 1999) maksud untuk menjelaskan bagaimana tahapan X X K S ......................................(2) perpindahan air dalam sistem aliran Sungai T T berdasarkan macam-macam perbedaan waktu dan c. Distribusi Log Person III Soewarno tempat sehingga dapat dihasilkan penetapan (1995) besaran-besaran rancangan sehingga dapat 3 menunjang perancangan bangunan – bangunan hidraulik pengendali banjir. Pemodelan dapat n LogXi LogX dilakukan dengan bantuan suatu software tertentu, CS ..............(3) sehingga model yang dihasilkan lebih mendekati n 1n 2S 3 kenyataan di lapangan. Salah satu software yang digunakan adalah Hydrologic Engineering Center's LogX i LogX KT S .........................(4) River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). d. Distribusi Log Normal (Soemarto, 1999) 1.2 Rumusan Masalah XT X KT S .......................................(5) Meluapnya Sungai Bodri menimbulkan kerugian baik materi maupun non materi terhadap manusia 2.3 Pengujian Kecocokan Sebaran dan lingkungan yang cukup besar, Hal ini terjadi akibat debit air sungai yang sangat tinggi dan Pengujian kecocokan sebaran digunakan untuk kurangnya daya tampung sungai sehingga meluap menguji apakah sebaran tersebut dapat memenuhi dan terjadi banjir. Untuk itu diperlukan evaluasi syarat untuk data perencanaan. Pengujian kapasitas penampang Sungai Bodri. kecocokan dapat dilakukan 2 cara. a. Perhitungan Chi Kuadrat 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian b. Perhitungan Smirnov Kolmogorov Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 2.4 Banjir a. Mengetahui kapasitas eksisting Sungai satu definisi banjir menurut Suripin (2004) Bodri, adalah suatu kondisi di mana tidak tertampungnya air dalam saluran pembuang (palung sungai) atau terhambatnya aliran air di dalam saluran pembuang, sehingga meluap menggenangi daerah (dataran banjir) sekitarnya. Sungai 2.5 Sungai Sungai atau saluran terbuka menurut Triatmodjo (2010) adalah saluran dimana terdapat air mengalir dengan muka air bebas. Pada saluran terbuka, misalnya sungai (saluran alam), variabel aliran sangat tidak teratur terhadap ruang dan waktu. 2.6 Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) adalah daerah yang dibatasi oleh punggung-punggung / pegunungan dimana air hujan yang jatuh didaerah tersebut akan mengalir menuju sungai utama pada suatu titik/stasiun yang ditinjau (Triatmodjo, 2010). Gambar 3.1 Bagan Alir Penelitian 2.7 Model Hidrologi 3.2 Tahapan Analisis Menurut Harto (1993), model hidrologi adalah sebuah sajian sederhana (simple representation) Analisis dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, dari sebuah sistem hidrologi yang kompleks. yaitu: 1. Mempersiapkan data yang akan diolah 2.8 HEC-HMS a. Curah hujan harian maksimum Hydrologic Engineering Centre (HEC) - b. Data geometri Sungai Bodri Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) merupakan 2. Penentuan batas DAS dan membagi salah satu model hidrologi yang masuk dalam menjadi Sub DAS kategori model matematik yang dikembangkan 3. Penentuan area Poligon Thiessen oleh Hydrologic Engineering Centre (HEC) dari US 4. Penentuan distribusi hujan rancangan Army Corps Of Engineers (Arlen, 2000). 5. Penentuan parameter awal yang 2.9 HEC-RAS Digunakan HEC-HMS HEC-RAS adalah singkatan dari Hydraulic a. Curve number (CN) Engineering Centre-River Analysis System. HEC-RAS b. Impervious (%) merupakan program aplikasi yang didesain untuk c. Lag time. memodelkan aliran di sungai, Program River 6. Menghitung besar debit puncak banjir Analysis System (RAS), yang dibuat oleh Hydrologic 7. Input data parameter awal kedalam Engineering Center (HEC) yang merupakan satu software HEC-HMS divisi di dalam Institute for Water Resources (IWR), 8. Kalibrasi parameter awal dan didapatkan di bawah US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). HEC- RAS merupakan model satu dimensi aliran debit puncak banjir permanen maupun tak permanen (steady and 9. Penentuan parameter awal yang digunakan unsteady one-dimensional flow model) (Istiarto, HEC-RAS 2014). a. Geometri saluran sungai b. Nilai kekasaran manning 3. METODE PENELITIAN c. Data aliran untuk analisis hidrologi. 10. Input data geometri dan data debit rencana 3.1 Tahapan Penelitian kedalam software HEC-RAS Dalam diagram alir berikut ditunjukan diagram
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