April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11689 Congress with respect to the structure of the ance requirements in those States in which establishment of State energy research, de­ common carrier telecommunications industry the vehicle will be operated. velopment, and demonstration institutes. rendering services in interstate and foreign Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to Authorizes financial assistance for specified commerce. Grants additional authority to forward certain identifying information on energy research projects of such institutes. the Federal Communications Commission to such vehicles to the Secretary of Transporta­ Directs the Administrator to establish a authorize mergers of carriers when deemed tion who shall forward such information to plan, subject to Congressional review, for to be in the public interest. Reaffirms the the appropriate State agency responsible for the establishment of a Cooperative Energy authority of the States to regulate terminal motor vehicle registration. Conservation Extension Service. H.R. 13087. April 7, 1976. Public Works and station equipment used for telephone H.R. 13089. April 7, 1976. Interstate and exchange service. Requires the Federal Com­ and Transportation. Amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to require the Foreign Commerce. Amends the Uniform munications Commission to make specified Time Act of 1966 with respect to the period findings in connection with Commission ac­ United States to pay the entire cost of lateral of daylight savings time. tions authorizing specialized carriers. sewer connections between federally-assisted H.R. 13086. April 7, 1976. Ways and Means. collection systems and single-family resi­ Exempts from such act any State or a part Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United dences of low-income elderly persons age 65 of any State which has enacted a State law States to require proof of automobile prop­ or older. exempting it from such provisions. erty and personal liability insurance on auto­ H.R. 13088. April 7, 1976. Science and Tech­ Requires the Federal Communications mobiles imported for the personal use of non­ nology. Authorizes the Administrator of the Commission to make adjustments with re­ residents and foreign government personnel, Energy Research and Development Admin­ spect to hours of operation of daytime stand­ in an amount equal to the minim·um insur- istration to offer financial assistance tor the ard amplitude modulation broadcast stations.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS SECRETARY KISSINGER IN AFRICA whose economies would suffer 1! they en­ University of Wyoming. During World forced the U.N. sanctions and closed their War I, he served with the American frontiers. Expeditionary Forces in Belgium and HON. CHARLES B. ••. A FORWARD POLICY France. An accomplished cavalryman RANGEL These are major strides forward for an OF NEW YORK American policy on southern Africa that and trained in gunnery, he left the serv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has seemed for the last seven yea.rs to favor ice after 2 years as a :first lieutenant in the field artillery. Wednesday, April 28, in many ways the bolstering of white su­ 1976 premacy, for all the official statements to the At the end of the war in 1919, Judge Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, Secretary contrary. And on this occasion, Mr. Kissin­ Cobb served as an administrative officer of State Kissinger's remarks in Zambia ger did not try, as he had during Angola's of a food mission sent by Herbert Hoover yesterday regarding our Nation's policy civil war, to frighten the Africans with the to relieve the Russians during the civil specter of Soviet hegemony. He confined toward Africa have been played promi­ himself to a brief warning against any out­ war there. Upon completion of this task, nently on this morning's front pages and side interference in Africa or the pursuit of Judge Cobb returned to the west where analyzed in some depth in many edito­ "bloc policies." he secured a law degree from the Uni­ rials. I believe today's New York Times It is already evident, from Mr. Kissinger's versity of Kansas. This was followed by editorial on the subject puts Secretary receptions in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia, 20 years of law practice and active par­ Kissinger's address in proper perspec­ tha. t African leaders are sttll prepared to co­ ticipation in politics in the Casper, Wyo .. tive, and I would like to bring it to the operate with the United States if it supports area. He served five terms as a member of their prime objective of majority rule in attention of my colleagues at this time: southern Africa. They will understandably the Wyoming State Legislature, rising MR. KisSINGER IN AFRICA • . • be looking for a prompt follow-through on to the chairmanship of the committee In the major policy address of his first his Lusaka commitments, especially for ac­ on finance and later to majority leader. southern African tour, Secretary of State tion on such matters as repeal of the Byrd Judge Cobb came to Hawaii in the Kissinger has gone far to restore the tradi­ amendment, and for the detailing of pro­ fall of 1941, and, for all purposes, never tiona! American commitment to self-deter­ posals for aid and conditions of trade prom­ left. His hope was to continue his law mination, majority rule, racial equality and ised for the United Nations Conference on pra.ctice in the islands, but instead, human rights. Speaking in Zambia, Mr. Kis­ Trade and Development in May. World War II came and he was called singer said with force and clarity a great But Mr. Kissinger has made an impressive many things President Kaunda and other if belated attempt to atone for past Ameri­ on to serve as aide-de-camp to Gen. Delos African leaders have long been waiting to can blunders in Africa-some of his mak­ C. Emmons, the Military Governor of hear convincingly from the United States ing-and to establish a climate for mutually Hawaii. It was largely through his ef­ Government. advantageous relations with a part of the forts and successful argument that mass On the most explosive problems of a rap­ world that the United States can no longer internment of Hawaii's Japanese popu­ idly changing subcontinent, the Secretary ignore in safety. lation did not become a reality. Again was emphatic: The United States is "wholly through Judge Cobb's persistent and committed to help bring about a rapid, just diligent efforts, the formation of the and African solution" in Rhodesia; it will THE HONORABLE WILLIAM B. COBB, famed 442d Regimental Combat Team, urge South Africa to fix a timetable for self­ U.S. JUDGE IN BANKRUPTCY, the "Go for Broke" regiment, became determination in Namibia, under United Na­ HAWAII tions supervision and with participation by a possibility. He was later transferred African groups now banned there; and in­ to the mainland where one of his initial sist on the end of apartheid in South Africa. HON. PATSY T. MINK assignments was in the sensitive and For the first time, Mr. Kissinger avowed OF HAWAfi delicate processing of release papers for support "in the strongest terms" for Brit­ some 125,000 people interned on the west ain's recent proposals for negotiations lead­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coast. He served with General Emmons ing to African majority rule in Rhodesia Wednesday, April 28, 1976 within two years. He seemed especially deter­ in various assignments in North Africa mined to quash any hopes of Rhodesia's Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, at the end of and Alaska returning to Hawaii in 1945 white regime for American support "at any April 1976, the Honorable William B. when he received an appointment as the stage in its conflict with African states or · Cobb, U.S. judge in bankruptcy for the Territory's surplus property officer. African liberation movements." On the con­ Federal district of Hawaii, will be retir­ Finally, in 1947, Judge Cobb began his trary, he said, "it will face our unrelenting ing from the bench after 14 years of law practice in Honolulu. However, his opposition until a negotiated settlement is inherent love for politics led him to par­ achieved." dedicated service. Judge Cobb served As part of that opposition, he promised Hawaii well in this capacity, but more ticipate actively in the political life with­ that the Administration would again this importantly, I would like to share with in our island community. In 1950, he ran year urge Congress to repeal the Byrd my colleagues a glimpse of his total for the Office of Delegate to Congress. amendment, which authorized importation life-not only to the "Aloha State," but Although unsuccessful in his bid, it re­ of Rhodesian chrome in violation of the to our country as a whole. sulted in the closest race for that office United Nations sanctions against the Salis­ Judge Cobb was born in Kansas in by a Democrat up to that period. bury regime for which the United States Then in 1962, President John F. Ken­ voted. He also disclosed a. $12.5 million aid 1894, shortly after which, his family program for Mozambique and promised help migrated to Wyoming where he earned a nedy saw fit to call upon William B. for other countries bordering Rhodesia bachelor of arts degree in 1916 from the Cobb to serve as judge in bankruptcy for 11690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 the Federal district of Hawaii. Because I ask my colleagues to read this article of clearcuts is just as important. Long nar­ of his reputation as a man of integrity and carefully deliberate its many points row units are very acceptable and could and fair play, Judge Cobb has also been of concern: be large but less linear units of large size are undesirable. continually called upon to serve as an EVEN-AGED FOREST MANAGEMENT-EFFECT ON Another serious problem can be that too arbitrator in labor-management dis­ Wn.DLIFE SPECIES much area Will be put into short rotations. putes. (By Dan W. Speake)l When short rotation even-aged pine forestry For those engaged in Hawaiian P'{>li­ We are all concerned about effects of forest is carried out with regeneration occurring on tics, Judge Cobb is often referred to as management programs on wildlife. These ef­ large (one or two square mile) blocks, much one of the "Grand Old Men" of the fects depend upon many factors and are re­ of the wildlife is apt to be eliminated or Democratic Party. His wife, Lee Ann, and lated to the habitat needs of various species. greatly reduced in number. It is true that children, Stephanie and the Honorable Wildlife habitats in forests are made up of clearcuts create quail habitat a.nd good con­ Steve Cobb, State Representative for the one or more stages of plant succession which ditions for plants and animals that are fa­ Eighth District in Hawaii, can all be im­ may or may not be combined into patterns vored in early stages of succession. It is also creating suitable conditions for a wide vari­ true that an abundance of deer food is pro­ mensely proud of the accomplishments ety of species. duced on many clea.rcut areas. But these of Judge William B. Cobb, husband, The five basic successional stages are: (1) benefits are temporary. Within about ten father, and dedicated public servant to openings dominated by herbaceous vegeta­ years following planting, the canopy of young the people of Hawaii. tion, (2) areas dominated by woody brush trees can be expected to close, and until Mr. Speaker, I, for one, feel very priv­ or timber in the sa.ppling stage, ( 3) pole thinning and/or burning, this clea.rcut is of lleged to call Judge Cobb a friend, not stage timber stands, ( 4) intermediate forest little use except as cover to game and many only because of his excellent record as stands, and (5) mature or over-mature forest other species of Wildlife. At the rate some of judge or his active participation in the stands. When wildlife management is being the all-aged forests are being converted to carried out their individual importance and planted pines, it doesn't take much imagina­ political arena, but more so for his cou­ distribution within a given area Will vary tion to see that essential components of wild­ rageous stand during what might be re­ depending on the species or group of species life habitat could be eliminated from large ferred to as Hawaii's darkest hour to being favored. blocks of land in a relatively short time. It insure equality, justice, and fair play for Mature or over-mature stands are of great is not uncommon to see square or rectangu­ all persons regardless of race or creed. aesthetic interest, basic ecological interest, lar clearcuts of several hundred acres being and they provide conditions essential to some created in adjoining blocks in successive The man from Wyoming who came to years. When this happens, hardwoods of mast Hawaii to stay will never be forgotten plants and animals that may become rare producing size are virtually eliminated over for the role he played in 1941. in intensively managed forests on short ro­ tations. They are the most productive types large tracts. Under current plans for short rotations of pine stands, it is difficult to see for mast, especially acorns. This fact is one how mast and fruit Will be provided for many THE WilDLIFE OF OUR FORESTS of the main reasons that long timber rota­ species that require these foods. tions are much preferred by southern wild­ In contrast to short rotations, sawlog rota­ life managers. The other 4 stages of plant tions of 80-100 years are easier to manage HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. succession comprising wildlife habitat are from the wildlife standpoint because, at any OF CALIFORNXA created under management by cutting, site preparation, burning, manipulation of rota­ one time, a much larger percentage of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forest is in older trees capable of mass pro­ tions or by permanent openings. Poles stage duction and there is time for a productive Wednesday, April 28, 1976 stands are not essential to many species of wildlife but they are used for cover and in mldstory to develop. Controlled burning can Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. a dynamic forest system such stands wlll also be used more e1fectively in older pine natura.lly occur. stands to produce and rejuvenate forage, Speaker, an article that I would like to fruit and seed producers in the under­ insert into the RECORD today really needs Forests that are managed on an even-aged story. With long rotations, relatively small no introduction. It stands alone as one system are characterized by stages of plant stand sizes and retention of hardwoods of the best summaries of the effects of succession occuring in blocks. The blocks can where they grow well even-aged forest man­ forest management practices on wild­ be small enough and their shapes and inter­ agement can be good wildlife management. spersion complex enough to provide excellent life that I have chanced upon in my re­ It is primarily a question of when, where, wildlife habitat provided wildlife needs are how and how much. search on the complex subject of silvi­ known and considered in the planning stage. culture. In the management of even-aged pine for­ On the other hand, even-aged forest manage­ ests for wildlife, controlled burning is al­ The impact of even-aged timber prac­ ment often produces large blocks of succes­ most an indispensable tool but foresters tices on the availability of food and ap­ sion\1,1 stages or artifl.cla.l plantings that are and wildlife managers are now apprehensive propriate habitat conditions for the di­ very poor habitats for the majority of en­ about the possibilities of restrictions on con­ verse wildlife of our forests 1s a matter demic birds, mammals and reptiles. trolled burning in view of the air pollution of gro.wing concern to many forest and The key idea 1n forest wildlife manage­ problem. wildlife experts. George James, head of ment is diversity in the habitat. An abun­ Considerable know-how is avalla.ble about dance of research has shown this. Forest game the needs of game species so that reasonably the Southeastern Forest Experiment Sta­ and most other non-migratory forest wild­ in accurate predictions can be made regarding tion in Clemson, S.C., pointed out a life species often thrive in high numbers in impacts of forestry practices. Management statement on this subject: situations where all their needs can be met practices can be recommended which willim­ Whlle plantations are a very efficient way within a short distance. The distance de­ prove game habitat. to optimize wood and fiber production, they pends on the normal home range or annual More attention should be given to non­ a.re often low in productivity for other re­ range size of the various species. This is game species so rthat factors affecting their sources and values, as are stands of pure, known for some species, not known for most. population sizes and distribution will be natural pine. Most pine plantations and pure For instance, the average home range size better understood. Of course, this means that pine stands are scenically sterile and monot­ for our southern deer is around 200 acres, new funds will have to be located and used onous and lack the vegetative diversity to and the annual range for turkeys is about to support research and management. It is provide optimum wildlife habitat, at least 1,000 acres. Within the annual range of a a mistake to assume that the hunting pub­ at certain stages in their development. Con­ turkey, seasonal range shifts occur. Open­ lic is interested in wildlife only for hunting sequently, there is concern over the rate of ings with herbaceous vegetation are essen­ purposes. This group and their funds are plantation establishment, the extent to which tial, a mid-story of fruit and mast producing doing a great deal for non-game species as even-aged pine stands are replacing other trees and shrubs is essential, and mature well as game species by preserving lands in a forest types (particularly hardwoods), and hardwoods for mast production are likewise relatively wild condition and by investiga­ the impacts of even-aged management on necessary. Fruit or mast production of im­ tions and actions taken for the benefit of game and nongame species of wildlife portant plant species will fail in some years, endangered species. The Fish and Wildlife throughout the south. ("Even-Aged Manage­ so a variety of species must be present to Service is devoting more of its resources to ment--Conversion Rate of Hardwood to Pine carry high wildlife populations. the area of endangered and non-game spe­ in the Forest of Southeastern United States") One of the most serious wildlife problems cies. The Forest Service is now preparing sec­ that can develop with even-aged forest man­ tions in their wildlife habitat managen'lent The many side effects of our forest agement can be excessively large clearcuts handbook on habitat management for non­ management policy, both now and in the that result in the loss of edge effect and the game and rare and endangered species. The future, must be studied closely. We must poor distribution of habitat elements. Shape Southeastern Section of the Wildlife Society not overlook the information available is establishing regional lists of endangered to us, such as in the following article by species, threatened species and species of Mr. Speake, in our approaching decisions 1 Leader, Alabama Cooperative Wildlife Re­ special concern. The current status of all search Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, these animals will be described in published which will guide the priorities and prac­ Alabama. Presented at the Southeastern Re­ form in the near future and it is likely that tices of our Forest Service in their man­ gional Conference of the National Audobon investigations and possibly management ac­ agement of our public forests. Society, November 1-3, 1974. t;ions will be stimulated. We're seeing more Ap1~il 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1169f and more non-game wildlife research proj­ Esq., Chairman of the Metropolitan Phila­ and highly dubious" terms give the Arabs ects at the various Cooperative Wildlife Re­ delphia ADL Advisory Board. "freedom to blacklist almost at Will" and search Units, Universities and within State Mr. Ginsburg said that the Anti-Defama­ American firms, wishing to do business with Nat ural Resource Agencies. All of these in­ tion League's statement to the Subcommittee the Arab world have responded to the capri­ vestigations will improve our basic knowl­ was presented by David A. Brody, Washing­ cious and arbitrary nature of the boycott by edge upon which forest management deci­ ton representative for the League. The ADL eliminating their Jewish directors or at least sions must be based. spokesman told Rodino, "We support Con­ removing their names from their letterheads. In some areas, give and take between wild­ gresswoman Holtzman's bill H.R. 12383 be­ "While the effectiveness of the Arab boy­ life people, concerned citizens, naturalist cause we feel that it is necessary for the cott may have been, in the past, somewhat groups and foresters has resulted in prog­ defense of our American constitutional prin­ questionable," ADL's Washington representa­ ress toward correcting some of the worst ciples and traditions, and to halt a continu­ tive, David Brody, told the Subcommittee, "it abuses of the even-aged system. For ex­ ing subversion of American public policy. certainly is a factor now. It is a factor be­ ample, the Alabama Forest Products Associ­ "We do not oppose Arab-American trade cause of the recent huge increase in the ation Executive Committee recommended the and commerce. Indeed, we favor it as a means money a vallable to Arab governments to en­ following "cutting practices" to its member­ of helping the American economy. Such force their political, economic and religious ship in 1971: trade is especially crucial because of the predilections. Every year that goes by with­ (a) Areas to be harvested by the clearcut­ vast accumulation of petrodollars by the out the cracking of the OPEC cartel by the ting system should be kept as small and as Arabs and the need, therefore, to balance our Industrial countries wlll swell that petrodol­ narrow as economically practical. Large, wide international payments." lar surplus to even more incredible levels. clearcuts should be avoided. The Anti-Defamation League stressed in "The restrictive trade practices and boy­ (b) Clearcutting should not be employed its statement to the House Subcommittee, cott of the Arab League practiced within the on an area adjacent to lands recently har­ Mr. Ginsburg said, "What we do oppose Js United States are so pervasive as to ad­ vested by this method. The lapse of time the use of economic power to force American versely affect thousands of firms and individ­ should be sufficient for the newly established firms to make private business decisions uals in this country. Senator Abraham Ribi­ forest growth to present a pleasing appear­ based upon, and designed to further, the coff recently stated [Congressional Record, ance and afford game cover. aims and objectives of foreign powers. That March 15, 1976] : 'The best estimates are (c) Hardwood types should be left along these aims have as a substantial component that today as many as 3,000 American com­ stream beds and drains and managed as a vicious anti-Semitism only makes such panies are boycotting 2,000 firms that have hardwoods. Clumps of hardwood trees, In· coercion all the more reprehensible. been blacklisted by the boycott.' cluding den trees and good food-producing ''The Arab boycott must be seen as multi­ "The Director of the Memphis office of trees, should be left In other areas. dimensional-the prohibitions against Amer­ the Department of Commerce has announced (d) The forested area along stream beds Ican contractors or subcontractors doing that Arab boycott requests of Memphis­ should not be clearcut but managed as un­ business With Israel are intertwined With area companies have become so voluminous even-aged forest. overt and covert religious discrimination in recently that the Department has scheduled (e) Forested strips should be left along various forms against American Jews. a special seminar for exporters and others highways for their aesthetic value until such "And one of the most obnoxious aspects there this month," Mr. Brody stated. time as harvested areas behind them are tall of the boycott Js that which requires one "And significantly, The New York Times, enough for their removal. American firm to police the boycott by re­ on April 4, 1976, reported that a 20-country (f) Control burn in natural and planted fusing to deal with subcontractors-other Arab group, meeting in Alexandria for a stands every three to five years or as often American· firms-who trade With Israel." 10-day conference, formally removed from as Is practical. The Anti-Defamation League in its state­ the boycott list 43 companies that bad (g) Streams should be kept clear of tops. ment said that H.R. 12383 would go far to­ stopped doing business with Israel," the It remains to be seen how well these rec­ ward eliminating these grave violations of ADL official noted. "It had earlier been re­ ommendations will be followed by large In­ American principles and policy. The Anti­ ported that the conference had considered dustrial forest owners. We can only hope Defamation League's statement outlined the the applications of some 80 foreign firms to that the trend towards short rotation pine Arab boycott's genesis and history as follows: be removed from the office's blacklist. These monoculture will not continue as It has In The Arab League, since 1945, even before firms, said the Christian Science Monitor the recent past. the creation of the State of Israel, has car­ on March 25, had •submitted documents ried on a worldWide economic, military, po­ proving they had ceased trading in Israel.' litical and psychological campaign aimed ini­ "The Arab boycott, its mischievous black­ ARAB ECONOMIC BOYCOTT tially at preventing the advent of the State list and its by-product of coercion, are ob­ of Israel and since 1948 aimed at destroy­ viously alive and well, and living in our ing that nation. The cornerstone of the midst. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Arab League's efforts aimed. at the economic "It is explicit United States policy under OF PENNSYLVANIA strangulation of Israel is the Imposition of existing law to oppose boycotts of friendly a worldWide boycott and system of restrictive nations. This policy Is stated in the Export IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trade practices directed against all Amer­ Administration Act. Unfortunately, the Act Wednesday, April 28, 1976 icans-JeWish and non-Jewish-who trade merely encourages and requests American with and/or otherwise support the Jewish business firms not to comply with boycott Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ state. restrictions. There is no penalty if an Ameri­ committee on Monopolies and Commer­ At first, the Arab League merely sought to can business does comply. H.R. 12383 would cial Law of the Judiciary Committee is prevent its own nations from importing fill this void by imposing penalties. currently considering legislation to deal Israeli goods. But In 1950, it broadened Its "The statutory scheme of H.R. 12383 would with the demands of Arab countries that boycott to include third persons by black­ do the following: In simple terms, as ap­ U.S. firms join an economic boycott of listing ships transporting goods or people to plied to the Arab boycott, it would make it Israel and Jewish-owned or operated the State of Israel. Another step backward unlawful for a business enterprise to co­ was taken in 1955 With the organization of erce, by economic means, a U.S. company to companies. the central boycott office in Damascus. For­ cause it to discriminate against Jews in its This boycott represents the worst mal regulations were adopted and each mem­ business dealings or to refrain from doing aspects of international anti-Semitism, ber state organized its own local boycott of­ business with companies doing business with and it should be fought and rejected by fice with its own boycott regulations. Today, Israel. It would also make it unlawful for all firms which are asked to comply with there are variations in the local regulations any company to yield to such coercive de­ its restrictions. and in the interpretation of the boycott rules mands. At this time I enter into the RECORD by the member states. Some of the deci­ "The reach of the Administration bill, a statement issued by the Pennsylvania, sions of these nations are, to say the least, H.R. 11488, is limited to discriminatory boy­ West Virginia, Delaware regional office capricious and some are absurd. cott requests and it does not deal with the The Arab boycott regulations apply to all boycott of Israel. Moreover, it only penal­ of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai individuals and companies that trade with izes the coercer, and not the person who B'rith about the testimony presented by or otherwise support Israel. As part of the goes along with the discriminatory demands," the ADL at the hearings on this problem: Arab League's restrictive trade practices and Mr. Brody pointed out to the Subcommittee. ARAB ECONOMIC BOYCOTT boycott, any firm or individual on the black­ "H.R. 12383 would not only make it unlaw­ list of the Arab League is prohibited from ful to coerce another into compliance with The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai doing business with or in any nation of the B 'rith testified on April 8 before the House a boycott request, but would make it un­ Arab world. Further, any firm or individual lawful to give into such economic pressure. of Representatives Subcommittee on Monop­ which itself does business with such black­ olies and Commercial Law of the Committee We believe that to be effective, a law must of the Judiciary, chaired by Peter W. Rodino, listed firm or individual may be barred from provide penalties for both types of conduct. Jr. The ADL presented its views on legisla­ doing business with or in any Arab nation. The coercee is, in fact, a key figure in the tion currently before the Subcommittee to Arab boycott restrictions also often apply usual type of boycott-tainted transaction­ deal with foreign boycott practices, and on to companies which have Jewish directors or where the American contractor or subcon­ the dangers inherent in the situations which other Jewish connections, or which are tractor is required, if be wants to do busi­ have prompted the introduction of these "Zionist-controlled." Fortune magazine has ness in the Arab world, to certify that he is measures, according to S. Regen Ginsburg, commented that the "sweeping, convenient, not on the Arab blacklist or that he will act 11692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976

consistently with Arab boycott regulations. As a. physician, I have been trained 1n the PAULINE CLEMENT RETIRES WITH 29 YEARS Sanctions against the coercee a.re necessary arts of diagnosis and treatment. In my opin­ AS FINANCE OFFICER particularly where the American firm 1s ion, the present "illness" of E.P.A. and smne CAMPBELL.-Pa.ullne V. Clement, of 102 directly being coerced not by another Ameri­ other U.S. agencies 1s due in major part to Rosary Drive, has retired after 29 years can firm but by a foreign government, which a violation of some of the basic concepts ot with the city's finance department. would be immune to United States jurisdic­ our Constitution, particularly, Articles I, II The former Finance Director, whose re­ tion. and III, which define the separation of legis­ tirement became effective April 1st, has "This provision is most important because lative, executive and judicial functions. Al­ served with five Campbell mayors. Miss Clem­ it would enable the Intended objects of co­ though sanctioned to some degree by law, the ent was appointed as deputy auditor Jan­ ercion to stand up against the boycott. In­ regulatory agencies have more and more as­ uary 1, 1947, during the mayoral terms of deed, various banks and exporting firms summed all three: They set up regulations, Anthony F. Pacella and Michael J. Kovach. have been told the ADL that they would enforce them and judge their validity. Such a. In 1960, she was elected city auditor and welcome legislation enabling them to ignore concentl"ation of power is certainly contrary worked with former Mayor Joseph A. Vrabel the boycott. For example, two companies to American tradition. 1f not at odds with the through 1965. On Jan. 1, 1966, former Mayor which ADL publlcly cited 1n March as hav­ Constitution. Rocco F. Mlco appointed Miss Clement as Ing submitted to Arab boycott restrictions I propose as at least a. partial remedy for Finance Director through 1975. Miss Clem­ have, as of this past Tuesday, April 5th, is­ the malady a. return to constitutional prtn­ ent held her position for the first three sued statements 1n support of federal legis­ ciples. I would, for example, limit the author­ months of 1976 under Campbell's newly lation prohibiting this practice. These are ity of E.P.A. to enforcement. standards and elected mayor, Michael J. Katula., Jr. regulations should be promulgated by a body two corporations, both with large business A member of St. Lucy Church, Miss Clem­ transactions in the Arab world-General completely insulated from politics and :from ent has seryed as president of the Infant Mills, Inc. and The Pillsbury Company. the policing group, and supported by the Gulld, is a member of the Italian-American "In conclusion," Mr. Brody told the Sub­ ablest ava.Uable techniCal advisers. League, she presidents the Campbell Ladies committee, "what is needed now is strong Judicial responslbllity should be vested al­ Democratic Club and holds membership with and effective legislation prohibiting the co­ together 1n the Federal courts, which now the Mahoning County Democratic Federated ercion of American business Into participa­ hear appeals from agency rulings. If nothing Presidents Club and Federated Democratic tion 1n the Arab boycott. The Anti-Defama­ else, the latter woulcl ellmlnate the costly, time-consuming charade of the present ..sys­ Club of Ohio. tion League believes the Holtzman bill (B.B. City Council, on April 7th, passed a tem." And if, as 1n the case of the mercurial 12383) would accomplish that objective:• resolution of commendation, honoring Miss pesticides, the administrator can arbitrarily overturn the findings of the agency's own Clement for .. her many years of faithful, judge, the entire judicial function becomes dedicated and devoted service to the citi· ''UNREASONABLE, UNSCIENTIFIC" an empty mockery. zens of Campbell." With her retirement, Miss Clement says EPA LEONARD J. GoLDWATER, M.D. DuRHAM, N.C., February 21, 1976. she looks forward to traveling and spending more time with relatives and friends. HON. LARRY McDONALD OF GEORGIA. :MISS PAULINE CLEMENT OF CAMP­ CALVERTON BICENTENNIAL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BELL, omo. RETIRES WITH 29 CEREMONY YEARS AS CITY FINANCE OFFI­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 CER Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN Speaker, there are many complaints a.1red RON. CHARLES CARNEY OJ' MARYLAND these days about "big Government." One J. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 0... OHIO of the complaints we have to deal with Wednesday, April 28, 1976 here in Congress in representing people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the various parts of the country Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, re­ is that various Government agencies act cently, I attended a most enjoyable Bi­ as judge and jury in matters relating to Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, I am centennial ceremony in the Calverton their charter. Such a case was recently pleased to announce that MJss Pauline Community of Prince Georges and brought to my attention as regards the Clement retired on April 1, 1976, after Montgomery Counties in Maryland. EPA. The matter was very well put by 29 years with the city of Campbell's De­ The Reverend Charles A. Casey, the Dr. Leonard J. Goldwater, of Durh.a.m, partment of Finance. pastor of Calverton Baptist Church, of­ N.C., in a letter to the editor of the New Miss Clement is a longtime friend of fered the invocation at the beginning of York Times, which appeared in its mine and has provided many years of the program. I was enormously impressed March 1, 1976 edition: dedicated service to the Campbell com­ by Reverend Casey's having fully cap­ "UNREASONABLE, UNSCIENTIFIC" EPA munity. During her career. she served tured the true spirit and meaning of the To the Editor: 14 years as deputy auditor and 5 years as Nation's celebration. This is indeed, as city auditor. In 1966, Miss Clement was The Feb. 17 order of Environmental Pro­ he so eloquently stated, a time for soul tection Agency Administrator Russell E. Train appointed finance director for the clty searching as well as a time for soul stir­ banning most uses of phenylmercurial pesti­ of Campbell, a post she held until her ring-a time for rededication and com­ cides is another egregious example of the retirement. mitment. I would like to share those re­ arbitrary, unreasonable, unscientlftc manner In addition to her official duties, Miss marks with my colleagues in the Con­ in which the agency and its Administrator Clement has for many years been ac­ gress and with all who will be fortunate are operating. tive in local politics. CUrrently, Miss enough to read these words. Having participated in the case as amicus Clement 1s president of the campbell INVOCATION BY CHARLES A. CASEY, PASTOR, curiae and, toward the end of the hearing, as Ladies Democratic Club; and is also a expert witness under subpoena, I a.tn CALVERTON BAPTIST CHURCH, PRESIDENT, thoroughly fa.mllia.r with the contents of the member of the Mahoning County Demo­ BAPTIST CoNVENTION OF MARYLAND 4,466 pages of transcript and the 750 exhibits cratic Federated Presidents Club and Our Father and our God, we pause to which constitute the record. It 1s of interest the Federated Democratic Club of Ohio. invoke your blessing on this hour. May it be that the proceedings were initiated on I want to personally commend Miss a. time of rededication and commlttment, a March 22, 1972, thus taking close to four Clement for her long a.nd distinguished time of soul-searching and a. time for soul­ years for completion. The cost 1n dollars, time career, and to wish her the very best stirring. and effort Is lnca.lculable. of luck in her retirement. I hope that Rekindle in us the passion for justice, the On Dec. 12, 1975, the E.P.A. administrative fervor o! spirit, the strength o! commitment, law judge who conducted the hearing issued she will now have the opportunity to and the faith in Almighty God which charac­ an initial decision showing impressive schol­ can-y out her plans for traveling and terized our founding fathers. arship, reasonableness and scientftlc validity. spending more time with relatives and Show us our place in the continuing My faith in "the system" was temporarily re­ friends. For the consideration of my struggle !or freedom. Show us our responsi­ stored-only to be dashed once more by Mr. .colleagues, I am inserting an article bilities as well as our privileges. Awaken 1n Train's almost total reversal of his agency's from the struthers-Campbell-Lowellville us the patriotism that has long lain dormant own Judge. This example is no isolated in­ within the heart and soul of so many across stance of the way in which E.P.A. conducts Journal for Thursday, April 15, 1976, which describes Miss Clement's many our land. Unite us in a. common enterprise its a.tra.irs. It seems to me that it is high time 1n our own day that would leave a. brilliant for corrective action if the credibility and years of public service to the Campbell chapter in the pages o! history that is like hence the effectiveness of the environmental community. to that of our !orebearers. control movement 1s to survive. The article follows: We give thanks today for this great land April 28, 1976 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS 11693 and the people who comprise it. You brought Wasp during the war. He was present Meanwhile, in Saugus, some 150 to 175 our forefathers :Into a land of milk and honey. when the Wasp was commissioned on trucks a day from 11 communities are dump­ They have passed on to us a lofty and noble November 24, 1973, and it is fitting that ing their garbage at the RESCO plant. heritage. We thank you for the enthusiasm It's located in a salt-marsh area, near where of youth and the wisdom of our senior citi­ he be present at her decommission this a troublesome landfill operation was located.. zens, and the faithful toil of those who labor June. Such a fine ship's retirement It's a big bullding-110 feet high, with a for their daily bread. should not go unnoticed. 175-foot smokestack. We give thanks for the freedom which we There's enough indoor storage space for enjoy, and ask your forgiveness for so often 7,000 tons of garbage in a. huge bin, into taking it for granted. which the trucks dump. We give thanks for men and women from RESOURCE RECOVERY The technical process is fairly simple: Lexington and Concord to Europe and the Cranes lift the trash from the bin and put it Far East who have guarded well our liberties into one of two incinerators. and so often have been called upon to pay HO . \VILLIAM S. MOORHEAD Ahlstrom says the heat in the incinerators reaches 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. the supreme price. OF PENNSYLVANXA Bless, we pray, the elected leaders of our The burning refuse is moved by a series of country at each level of leadership. Lead IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grates, so that air, sucked in by fans, can them by divine wisdom and sovereign power. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 aid combustion. Bless each who has a part In this time of The burning trash crea.tes steam by heatlug celebration today. Impart to each the words, Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. water In a series of pipes. t he spirit, and the vitality to move us at Speaker, it is encouraging that one of Smoke is screened by an electrostatic pre­ the core of our being. our major unsolved environmental prob­ cipitator, which the company says, removes We look unto you, the God o! our lathers, lems, which had been literally buried up 99 per cent of the solid matter from the for direction, for understanding, and for smoke. until now, is at long last the focus of in­ The system. said Wheelabrator President wisdom, in the name o! our Lord and Saviour, novative solutions. I am referring to the Jesus Christ. Michael D. Dingham in a pamphlet, "is to­ Amen. problem of municipal solid waste. It is a tally odorless and virtually pollution free." problem which can be converted into a A visit to the plant tended to confirm that solution of energy and materials re­ claim. In Saugus. the steam is shipped by pipe to U.S.S. "WASP" covery. Recently the Conservation, Ener­ gy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee a nearby General Electric plant, across the held 4 days of hearings to examine Saugus River. in Lynn, Mass. The plant employs 13,000 people, who make HON. JAMES A. BURKE the potential of resource recovery, espe­ jet engines and steam turbines. OF MASSACHUSETTS cially energy recovery, in what had here­ GE uses the steam for generating its own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tofore been considered simply a nui­ electricity for in-plant use, as well as for sance-municipal trash and garbage. heating and cooling and to test equipment. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 The city of Pittsburgh, Pa., is now con­ Ahlstrom says the RESCO plant is now Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. sidering that potential I insert here a providing about 50 to 60 per cent of --­ Speaker, I would like to bring to my col­ recent article from the Pittsburgh Press, mlll1on to 17 million gallons o! fuel oil leagues' attention the final reunion of which examines that prospect: per year. In Pittsburgh, the major difference would the U.S.S. Wasp before her decommis­ GARBAGE-FED DYN4.MO PLANNED HERE-A Hrr be that Wheelabra.tor would have its own sion and retirement. XN BOSTON electricity-producing equipment, thus, would The Wasp has enjoyed a very colorful (By David Warner) ship power, not steam, to Duquesne Light. career in the past, and I would like to BOSTON .--Just north of here, there's pic­ The burning garbage does not have to be take a few moments to mention some of ture-pretty town called Saugus with some mixed with an outside fuel, although oil is her more notable exploits. First of all, 25,000 people--and a garbage-gulping giant used to start the furnaces. the name Wasp has a long history which creates power. Saugus is now burning less than its goal­ stretching all the way back to the U.S. The giant, first o! its kind in the nation, it's only been going since last December. Some 800 to 900 tons of refuse per day are Revolution when a fighting ship, Wasp, is similar to a plant now being proposed for Pittsburgh. now being burned. compared to a plant ca­ helped oppose the British attack on Based on interviews in the area, all is well pacity of 1,500 tons, and a desired ''normal Pennsylvania. The second Wasp fought between the residents and the giant. operation" of 1,200 tons daily. in the War of 1812, as did the third Nobody interviewed had any major com­ By the time the trash goes through the in· which captured 15 British ships. Another plaints of smoke or pollution about the gar­ cinera.tor. it's reduced to 5 per cent of its vessel was christened Wasp during the bage-burning plant. One woman, in fact, original volume. time of the Civil War and was used as a said she didn't even know it existed. The company says what's left can be used dispatch and special service vessel. The One resident who does know it exists 1s for aggregate for road asphalt, or cement blocks, and iron and steel which is culled can fifth ship was used during the Spanish­ Maurice F. Cunningham, Saugus town man­ ager, whose office is located in the 101-year­ be re-sold for scrap. American War, and the sixth saw exten­ old town hall a couple of miles from what's "The goal o! a plant like this is to use sive action in the Second World War be­ known here as the RESCO plant. everything," says Ahlstrom. fore she was damaged beyond repair in Cunningham smiles a lot when he talks What's all this cost the communities which 1942. It was shortly after this, that the about the plant. He figures RESCO is going dump there? final Wasp was completed and certified to end up paying his town $1 million in taxes Most of the 11 municipalities pay $13 per ready for duty. each year, compared to the $87,000 the town ton, which is more than they were paying The seventh Wasp was launched in used to get from a rubbish dump. to use the landfill which was located near RESCO is an acronym for Refuse-Energy the plant. 1943 in Quincy, Mass. She saw action al­ Systems Co., which is a joint project of Boston, about eight miles away, dumps most immediately and was soon provid­ Wheelabrator-Frye Inc., and a local con­ about one-quarter of its trash here because ing the aid against Japan that was to tractor, M. DeMatteo Construction Co. RESCO was low bidder in a recent competi­ prove decisive in our war effort. The war It's Wheelabrator, a. company based in tion. Boston pays $14.20 per ton. record of the Wasp speaks for itself; 411 Hampton, N.H., which wants to build a slml­ However, Ahlstrom says the Pittsburgh enemy aircraft destroyed on the ground, lar plant in Pittsburgh at an estimated cost price would probably be lower because the 246 aircraft shot down, 114 enemy ships of $45 million to $50 million. The Saugus company expects to get more money from sunk, and 357 ships damaged. plant cost about $40 million. Duquesne Light than it does from GE here. It's a. private plant, and involves no pub­ Also, he says, the company would have a. After the war, the carrier Wasp was lic money, thus, it pays taxes. commitment from Pittsburgh for its 700 tons used in the man-in-space program, and, "Not the smallest attraction of this thing of garbage per day. The company hopes in that capacity, participated in five to Bruce and Pete is that it pays taxes," said suburban communities would then join the Gemini recoveries. Such a career is in­ Wheelabra.tor's national sales manager Tim­ city. deed one which her crew can be greatly othy P. Ahlstrom. "Ten dollars a ton is probably a good ball­ proud of. As a fitting send off for this He was referring to Pittsburgh Mayor Pete park figure," says Ahlstrom of the Pitts­ fine ship, her old crew has organized a Flaherty a.nd his executive secretary. Bruce burgh proposal. 1·eunion to be held in Kansas City, Mo. D. Campbell. That compares to the $8.03 per ton Pitts­ -wheelabrator has a contract with Pitts­ burgh now pays to dump in a. landfill. on June 18-19, at the Crown Center. but·gh's Duquesne Light Co. to buy power Ahlstrom says, though, that while landfill Among the crew members involved in the from the proposed Pittsburgh plant, and city operations have been increasing prices at reunion is a constituent of mine, Allyn officials are waiting to see how Saugus turns about the same pace as the cost of living, G1:>rdon of Milton who served on the out before giving Wheelabrator the final okay. the Saugus contracts stipulate that the cost; 11694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2 8, 191"6 can not go up any more than one-half the But, he points out, it has been cold since But while the congressional budget total cost of living. the plant opened. wlll be large~" than Mr. Ford's target, it will (Pittsburgh's landfill costs, per ton, were "We'll have to see what happens when not be a great deal larger. Congress remains $6.54 in 1974; $7.65 in 1975 and $7.88 for the people start opening their Windows," he says. very sensitive to voters' fears of inflation. first pa.rt of this year.) In fact, it looks like the only people who One way to judge the size of next year's bud­ Moreover, says Ahlstrum of the Pittsburgh might complain about RESCO are the pig get is to compare it with this year's pro­ plant, "It will look a lot different. This farmers. grams, expanded to cover inflation and (Saugus) is in an industrial setting, and it Cunningham reports that a local res­ population growth. With those adjustments, really doesn't matter what it looks like." taurant used to pay to have its garbage present policy extended into next year would The Pittsburgh facility, would be covered hauled away so the pigs could be fed. Now, mean a budget about $12 billion more than so that various pipes and machinery are not the pig farmer pays the restaurant for the the congressional resolutions provide. The visible from the outside. privilege of taking the stuff away. budget committees have done some cutting. Ahlstrom says a site has not yet been Part of that cut comes from limiting federal picked in Pittsburgh. employees' cost-of-living raises to 5 per­ It's likely the Pittsburgh operation will use CONGRESS' BUDGET cent-a point on which there is no difference t ransfer stations, he said. between the administration and the two Saugus manager Cunningham says his budget committees. But another part of the community paid no dumping fees when the HON. JAMES J. FLORIO cut comes from real reductions in some bene­ DeMatteo dump was in existence. fits. Rep. Brock Adams (D-Wash.), chairman Now, the town is paying $13 per ton, and OF NEW JERSEY of the House Budget Committee, argues that he's happy about it. He figures the $1 mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it is now necessary to begin weeding out the lion in taxes will be four or five times the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 excesses in the past decade's great wave of dumping charge total. social programs, and to swing the federal But wh.alt about the other towns? Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, the 94th budget back toward balance and even sur­ Stephen Lewis, of a firm called the Mitre Congress has attempted to return con­ pluses. Otherwise, he points out, the country Corp., of Bedford, Mass., a nonprofit engi­ trol of spending by the Government, and will never have the money for the expensive neering consulting o.l1ganlzatlon helped s&v­ to more fully control national economic new programs that it needs-for example, eral of the communities get information policy by implementing a new congres­ comprehensive health insurance. about RESCO to negotiate prices. Mr. Ford stands for a tightly restrictive "It did not appe91r to us that anybody sional budget process. Though there are budget and a $10 billion income tax cut this was being ripped off," concluded Lewis. always inhen·ent problems in a task of year. The Democrats in Congress, supporting Most of the communities were paying be· this magnitude, I think the prevailing a less restrictive budget, have already made tween $7 to $9 per ton to dump at the old thought is that it will produce firmer it clear that there will be no further tax landfill, he reported. congressional budgetary control. cut this year below present levels. But the He used the town of Malden as an example, · I would like to bring to the attention of President also wanted a stiff increase (after Malden ha-d been paying $5.19 per ton to my colleagues a very thoughtful editorial the election) in Social Security payroll taxes. dump at the landfill. Again the Democrats refused even to con­ But even though the community is now comment on this subject from the Wash­ sider it. With unemployment still very high, paying $13 per ton, it saves money, he sa.id. ington Post which should be of interest it's a notably poor time to step up the coun­ There are several reasons. For one thdng, to all: try's most regressive tax. Malden, like many other area communities, CONGRESS' BUDGET But there are points on which Congress had to have separate collections for garbage The two congressional budget committees has evidently decided not to challenge the (foodstuffs) and othel" trash. have now flnished the first half of their job, President at all. The most significant is, of The garbage was collected and ended up and the performance so far is a remarkable course, defense. From the late 1960s until with pig farmers, and the trash was dumped success. They have skillfully revised the last year, defense spending had been de­ at the landfill. budget that President Ford sent them last clining in real terms-that is, in dollars ad­ Now, there's only one collection, because January, and their versions are better suited justed for inflation. For a number of reasons, RESCO takes it all. to the country's requirements than the most of the Democrats have decided to go secondly, trucks carrying rubbish to the original. It stlll remains to be seen whether a along with the President on defense. The old landfill took 30 to 40 minutes to unload, collection of people as diverse as Congress budget committees would make only token has the will and discipline to sustain this . cuts on defense; the Senate committee and, at that, were breaking down frequently would reduce the President's request barely because of the rough terrain. exercise. But it is off to an encouraging start. two-tenths of one percent. Now they can unload in seven minutes, Keep it in mind that Congress has funda­ The defense issue illustrates the difficulties Lewis said, and the road is smooth. mentally changed its rules for handling the that the congressional leadership will en­ Thus Malden, he reported, was spending money bills. It used to control spending counter as it struggles over the next mont h about $950,000 to collect garbage and rub­ item by item, with little direct influence over to get the budget resolutions passed. At bish, and dispose of it. The commUnity is now national economic policy. But under the one point this month it was not clear t hat spending about $900,000 P,er year, he said. rules enacted two years ago and going fully Mr. Adams would even have enough votes to How about pollution? into effect this year, budget committees get a resolution reported out of his com­ Saugus manager Cunningham says he's draw up resolutions setting maximums for mittee. A couple of the Democrats were out had no complaints from his residents. In spending and minimums for revenue. That is raged by Its refusal to cut defense spendinv. fact, he's hoping RESCO will expand some­ the point at which the process has now and refused to support the majority. At the day, so new industry can be attracted by arrived. The Senate resolution is on the floor, same time the fiscal conservatives would available power. The Saugus plant was ob­ and the House will vote on its very similar have nothing to do with the resolution be­ served by a visitor on two recent days--one resolution toward the end of the month. cause, on the social benefits, it overran l\1r. sunny, clear and breezy, and the other over· When both houses settle on an agreed Ford's limits. At length Mr. Adams got it out cast and breezy. version, it is binding on all tax and appro­ by 14 votes to 10, a rather narrow margin The stack at RESCO at times gave forth a priation bills. that foreshadows similar fragmentation on white, steam-like substance that disappeared After all the appropriation bills are passed the House floor. quickly. this summer-and there is now a deadline, It is by no means a sm·e thing that this Periodically, on the second day, darker another break with tradition--congress will brave experiment in congressional responsi­ gray-black smoke came from the stack for vote on a final reconciliation of its budget bility will succeed. Congress may well rebel short periods. figures. That, as it happens, will take place in against this severe burden, and fall back The stack was not exactly belching late September at the height of the presi­ to the older custom of piecemeal appropria­ smoke-it was more of a small bm·p. dential election campaign. tions. That would return the whole power of Robert Donaldson is the chief of the in­ Congress is challenging Mr. Ford mainly budget-making and economic strategy to cinerator section of the Division of Air on jobs, social benefits and taxes. The two the President. But experience has shown Quality Control, Department of Environ­ resolutions indicate that its budget will be that this power, Uke most others, is used mental Quality Engineering, for the state somewhat larger-around $413 billion for the most wisely when it is shared. of Massachusetts. year beginning next October-that Mr. He says his agency approved of the RESCO Ford's $395 billion. But Mr. Ford's budget is plant being built. But, he added, tests have tight enough to constitute a real risk to 200 YEARS AGO TODAY not been run yet to see if the plant is in fact continued recovery from the recession. The meeting air quality standards. congressional budget committees have He expects that Will be done before the end judged, correctly, that they can let spending HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS of this month. go up a few notches to push the economy However, he added, "There has been some harder toward growth, without incurring any OF CALIFORNIA preliminary testing and it looks pretty good." serious penalty in added inflation. As for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He described the air pollution controls at public service jobs, of which there are now Wednesday, April 28. 1976 the plant as "proven technology." more than 300,000, the President wants to So far, he reports, his agency has had no phase them out. The congressional budget Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years complaints about smells from the plant. would clearly continue them. ago, on April 26, 1776, the Continental April 28, 1976 EXTE1 SIONS OF REMARKS 11695 Congress raised the pay of Washington's been a focus of attention. Both the House riod in about 1500 B.C. to its end in about aides-de-camp from $33 to $40 a month and Senate conferees voted an additional 1519 A.D. $550 mllllon for Israel in the three-month Most of the pieces belonging to the each. Three days earlier Washington had period between the old and new fiscal years, written to Congress urging that body to but the House has not approved that sum foundation were originally part of the increase the pay of his aides. Washington in the pending $5.6 bUlion appropriation personal collection of Dr. Lannik. Thus wrote, blll. each piece has held an important place No person wishes more to save money to A compromise on that question, allow­ in the Lannik home. the public than I do; nor no person has ing Israel $375 mUlion in mllltary loans, is Dr. Lannik had the foresight to recog­ aim'd more at it; but there are some cases under consideration. nize the educational usefulness, historic in which parsimony may be 111 placed; and According to the Senate Republican impact, and aesthetic value of these this I take to be one. Aide de Camps are per­ leader, Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania, Mr. Ford sons in whom entire Confidence must be believes that the authorization blll amounts pieces, and thus unselfishly donated them placed. It requires men of Abllities to execute to "a Congressional invasion" of the execu­ to Jackson Community College. His hope the duties with propriety and dispatch, where tive branch's authority. that the collection will give viewers a there is such a multiplicity of business as He said that "there 1s a good chance" Mr. special look into the past, and a new must attend the Commander in Chief of Ford wlll veto the blll. appreciation of their heritage, is being such an Army as ours; and persuaded I am, "One of the points he made was that he realized as visitors see and read about that nothing but the zeal of those Gentle­ 1s definitely considering vetoing lt and he this rare and delightful exhibition of men who live with me and act in this ca­ was asking for a reaction," said wunam 8. pacity, for the great American Cause and nearly 250 pieces of pre-Columbian arti­ Brooinfield of Michigan, the ranking Repub­ facts. personal attachment to me, has induced them lican on the House International Relations to undergo the trouble and confinement they Committee. have experienced since they became members Mr. Ford gave a long list o! his grievances of my Famlly. to the participants. The list cited the fol­ THE FREELOADERS' GAME PLAN lowing objectionable features 1n the blll: the rtght of Congress by concurrent resolu­ HON. HAROLD RUNNELS THE FOREIGN AID Bn.L-AND THE tion to block any Inllitary sale of over $25 ROLE OF CONGRESS mUllon; to set up machinery to prohibit aid OF NEW MEXICO to countries violating human rights; to pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vent transfers from one country to another; Wednesday, April 28. 1976 HON. DON BONKER to lim.1t total arms sales to $9 blllion 1n a OF WASHINGTON year; to block aid programs to countries Mr. RUNNELS. Mr. Speaker, as a rep­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that discriminate against Jews and others, resentative of a State that is rich in and to phase out the Inilitary grant program natural energy resources, I am per­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 and to close down Inilitary assistance mts­ plexed at what this Congress has been Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, I am dis­ slons. The apparent decision by Mr. Ford to veto doing in the guise of leaders attempting mayed that, according to this morn­ the aid blll came as a major surprise to to solve ow· energy problems. ing's press, the President is considering Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Democrat of The Congress first did a way with the a veto of the foreign aid authorization Minnesota, whose subcommittee of the For­ oil depletion allowance. Then they bill. In my judgment, it 1s a good bill eign Relations Committee had gotten the adopted the so-called comprehensive and one that represents many months bill through and ready for final action. He energy bill. This essentially rolled back of dedicated committee work and politi­ said that his committee would block any the price of domestic crude oil to what I cal consensus. further legislation for the next fiscal year feel is below a reasonable rate of retw·n The reason cited by the President for untU the current authorization measure was approved. for the industry. One of their most re­ a possible veto is concern that the "act cent actions included the failure to pass would unduly restrict his powers." Con­ A veto would have a major effect on the Middle East aid package, particularly on the deregulation bill. All this, in my gress has attempted to provide some aid to Israel, which would be authorized to opinion, has done nothing but dissuade broad policy guidelines in the conduct receive $2.2 bUllon for the fiscal year ending the oil industry from further exploration of foreign policy which clearly it has June 30. Untu an authorization bill 1s of domestic crude. every right to do. Mr. Ford was quoted passed, Israel can only receive money on We are no closer today than we were a as saying the authorization bill amounts the basis of last year's $600 Inilllon aid bUl. year ago in making this country less de­ to "a congressional invasion" of the pendent on the OPEC's for much needed executive branch's authority. In this oil. Instead, we continue to fall further post-Watergate period of concern about DR. WILLIAM M. LANNIK prey to a group of countries that has al­ Presidential authority and excessive ready proven who heads the controls on power, the President has demonstrated HON. BOB CARR energy. once again that we need to make the two What perturbs me now is that Con­ branches of Government truly equal. OF :MICHWAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress is bent upon breaking up the major The press report follows: oil companies. This, in my opinion, FoRD INDICATES HE MAY V.ETO BILL ON Wednesday. April 28, 1976 strikes a hard blow, not only at the oil FOREIGN Am Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, I rise to make industry, but at our free enterprise (By Bernard Gwertzman) special note of a generous educational system. WASHINGTON, April 27.-President Ford, in contribution by a citizen of New York Last month, Mr. James E. Hara, presi­ a surprise move, told several Republican Con­ to a community college in the Sixth Dis­ dent of Skelly Oil Co., appeared before gressional leaders this morning that he was trict of Michigan. the railroad commission of Texas annual inclined to veto a pending foreign aid au­ statewide oil and gas hearing in Austin, thorization blll because of concern the act Dr. William M. Lannik, of Merrick, would unduly restrict his powers. Long Island, N.Y., because of his creative Tex. - The $4 blllion measure, which includes a foresight and dedication to the preserva­ At that hearing, Mr. Hara pointed out $3 billion Middle East package, mostly for tion of our heritage, has enriched the the seriousness of our energy predica­ Israel, has gone through a Senate-House lives of thousands of individuals and ment and the worsening effects it could conference and was due to b'e routinely broadened the horizons of students of have if Congress does not come to grips approved by both houses this week and sent all ages, by donating a large portion of with the situation. to the White House for Mr. Ford's signature. I would like to insert his remarks in According to the participants in a break­ his collection of pre-Columbian art to Jackson Community College. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and hope that fast meeting with Mr. Ford, the President my colleagues will take heed to what expressed concern over a number of policy Dr. Lannik, a graduate of Jackson Mr. Hara is trying to say: provisions written into the authorization Community College and a practicing bill. physician, is director of the Foundation THE FREELOADERS' GAME PLAN-" L ET'S During the preceding months of debate NATIONALIZE OIL AND GAS" on the legislation, the Administration argued for the Study of Primitive Culture, New (By James E. Hara) against some of these provisions and was York, which was established in 1964 for Chairman Ramsey, Judge Langdon and able to soften some of them considerably. the purposes of collecting, preserving, Commissioner Wallace: My name is James Until today there never was any threat of and exhibiting the art and artifacts of Hara, President o~ Skelly Oil Company, Tulsa, a veto. our early heritage. Oklahoma. I appreciate this opportunity to Mr. Ford's concern was not related to the These rare clay pieces of art date from be here today, to thank each of you gentle­ issue of additional aid to Israel, which has the beginning of the pre-Columbian pe- ment personally for your outstanding and 11696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 continuing efforts and contributions toward of domestic crude oil to below a reasonable Earth have convinced me that there are giving all of the citizens of the United States rate of return, certainly below replacement many individuals who fall in that cate­ a better understanding of the serious energy cost. And they will also try to keep the price gory. problems our country faces. of natural gas well below realistic levels­ These are not new problems, as you well by equivalent BTU content or any other I am talking about the nixa sucker. know. They have been building up for at measure. Chief Justice Marshall of the U.S. That aquatic, water breathing, fin-be­ least two decades, probably since 1954 when Supreme Court, in a landmark case many decked creature that inhabits the clear the Supreme Court forced federal jurisdic­ years ago, very wisely observed "The power free-flowing James River deep in the tion over the well-head price of gas com­ to tax involves the power to destroy." As heart of the Missouri Ozarks. mitted to interstate commerce. And the we all know, or should know, it also follows When those critters are pulled from members of this Commission, as well as many that "The power to control price is the power their natural habitat by expert practi­ others of us in the industry, have been try­ to destroy." ing over the years to alert the citizens and Our energy-have-not congressmen now tioners of the art of pole handling, then their congressmen to the extremely danger­ further propose to have our federal govern­ placed carefully in the huge black pots ous consequences that result from a declin­ ment step in and control intrastate gas, in filled with hot sizzling lard that line the ing proved energy base. addition to interstate gas, and they ever so main thoroughfare of one of the prin­ As our nation celebrates its bicentennial slyly refer to oil and gas as a "national re­ cipal cities of Christian County, and are year, our oil and gas industry can be justi­ source"-a very slight change of verbiage cooked to a golden, crunchy brown by fiably proud of the contribution it has made from "natural resource." Certainly oil and some of the finest chefs in the land, and to the progress of the United States. Our gas is a national resource, but it is also a complimented by gobs of baked beans country was built on hydrocarbon energy. natural resource belonging to the states and Nowhere in history is it possible to find a property owners under whose lands it is lo­ and fried potatoes, you will experience nation with as high a standard of living­ cated, just like any other mineral. some of the best eating you have ever a way of life made possible largely by abun­ And now, they also propose to dismember thrown your lip around. dant oil and gas resources. And these re­ the petroleum industry--divestiture, they My friend, Finis Gold, president of the sources were at bargain-basement prices, at call it--ohop it up into various segments to 19th Annual Sucker Day has asked me to least until shortly after the Arab embargo further cripple and eventually destroy free invite all within the sound of my voice when our country began to pay heavily for enterprise in one of the great, dedicated, and to be present in Nixa, Mo., the afternoon the steadily increasing imports of foreign oil. hardworking industrial institutions of our of May 7, for the big cookout and parade. Texas, as we all know, has been the major country, namely, the oil and gas industry. supplier of hydrocarbon energy for the And all to the end of ultimately nationalizing I guarantee that you will find warm wheels of this country's progress. And today, oil and gas reserves that rightfully belong to hospitality, good people, and enough food the Southwest and the South have 65 per· the Southwest and the South. to fight off the pangs of hunger until cent of our nation's known crude oil reserves, Let us make no mistake. The conflict of next year's event. 76 percent of our known natural gas and which I speak is generally softpedalled as 52 percent of our known coal reserves. These many of our leaders in all walks of life are important and essential percentage fig· pussy-foot around in the apparent hope that ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA ures to remember. not calling it by name will make it vanish. Unfortunately, as I see it, this simple but We in the energy industry are in the fore­ basic fact seems now to be the root of another front for the battle of the nationalization HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES · . War Between the States, except this time the of American business. And for openers, the OF NEW JERSEY energy-have-not sections of this country, or South and Southwest do not even have the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES benefit of muskets. at least most of their elected officials, are de­ OUr energy-have-not states, the Eastern termined that the energy producers shall be Wednesday, April 28, 1976 nationalized. Of course, that will be a giant and Northern states, or at least most of their Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, the com­ elected officials, seem determined to defy all step toward the nationalization of all indus­ standards of fair play and due process and try-whether it be steel next, then automo­ ing of spring always brings with it a to nationalize the oil and gas industry. And tive, and what have you. sense of freshness and hope. Just as we why not? If you have nothing yourself, why Countless politicians, bureaucrats and all share a little of that feeling this not reach out and nationalize the property members of the academia and of the news sp1ing, so too, the Baltic peoples of Es­ of others? That way you can come into your media have made it clear, at least to me tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were hope­ so-called "fair share" of someone else's and many of my associates, that their ulti­ ful in the spring of 1918. assets. mate objective is the destruction of the free enterprise system. So we, as representatives These nations had just reestablished It reminds me of the rancher or farmer their independence, in the wake of self­ whose land is a quarter of a mile or so off of the industry, must speak up aggressively the flank of the structure. Why not unitize? for not only the oil and gas industry, but determination all over Europe. They pos­ Why not force-pool? That way he will be for our free enterprise system wherever it is sessed a long and proud history and able to dip his straw, rather nefariously, into attacked. rejoiced over their newly won independ- . someone else's soda. This, in essence, is the problem. I am not ence. Now, our energy-have-not congressmen, sure what the complete answer is. But I do Today would be a happier day and the and their staffs, seem determined to accom­ know that to fight for principles and per­ haps lose, is better than not to fight the world would be a freer world if this were plish their ill-conceived objective. They have still the case. But Soviet Russia brutally already succeeded in virtually eliminating banditos and the assorted jackals and hy­ the depletion allowance, although leaving it enas at all. annexed these nations in 1940, and they intact on more than 100 other minerals, none One hundred and forty years ago this have remained captive ever since. of which is as risky and difficult to find and month, the rallying cry in •these parts was Although the events of the past 36 produce as crude oil and natural gas. That "Remember the Alamo." If we do not ef­ years have subjugated the independence measure alone-taking away percentage de­ fectively generate opposition to nationaliza­ of these nations, it has not diminished pletion--diverted to the federal government tion now, not many years ahead no one will their love of freedom. In its dealings with in 1975 approximately $2 billion of our in­ be able to "Remember Free Enterprise." Again, thank you very much for the oppor­ Russia, the United States must insist on dustry's capital that could have been ex­ the resumption of religious freedom and pended to improve our country's energy tunity to be here today. independence. Skelly's share of that increase human rights in order that Estonia, in taxes, and we are at best only a medium­ Latvia, and Lithuania may once again sized domestic oil and gas producer, was 19TH ANNUAL NIXA SUCKER DAY enjoy the benefits of free nations. $18.6 million right off the bottom line last I would like to share with my col­ year. leagues a resolution passed by the United For the prior five years, and even for the HON. GENE TAYLOR Committee of Lithuanian Americans of prior 10 years, our high-risk capital-intensive OF MISSOURI the Lithuanian American Community industry as a whole showed a return on total IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of New Jersey. Although Lithuanian assets averaging 6.2 percent, a shade less than the return on total assets for all-and far Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Americans adopted this resolution, I be­ lieve that many Americans of Estonian less risky-U.S. manufacturing operations. Mr. TAYLOR Missouri. Mr. Speaker, This comparison of rates of return definitely of and Latvian descent also share many of shows that our industry is extremely com­ P. T. Barnum was right, there is one born these sentiments: petitive. It puts the "Big Lie" to the every minute. In fact during spawning RESOLUTION trumped-up charge that our industry earn­ season there is about 100 born every min­ (United Committee of Lithuanian-Ameri­ ings are excessive, and even "obscene." ute. can.s in conjunction with numerous meetings But no, our energy-have-not congressmen Let me make it clear that I am not held during February. 1976 in New Jersey, are not content with that comparison. They talking about people, although the many to commemorate the 58th anniversary of the have now succeeded in rolling back the price years I have spent on the face of this reestabllsbment of the independent state of April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11697 Lithuania on February 16, 1918, unanimously bodies, bus bodies, fire engine bodies and is to be put, make it infinit ely more difficult adopt the following resolution: equipment, ,parts, and accessories used in to administer than a simple sales tax or a Whereas in 1918 the independent states of connection with these items. All of these tax on gas and oil. Lithuania, as well as Estonia and Latvia, items at the present time are subject to the The revenue effects of repeal would be just were reestablished by the free exercise of the federal manufacturers excise tax imposed by over $500,000,000 in the first year, and ap­ right of self-determination by the Baltic Section 4061 of the Internal Revenue Code proximately half that after 1977, when the people; and of 1954. Truck bodies and chassis are taxed rate of tax is to be reduced to 5 % under Whereas by the Peace Treaty of July 12, at a 10 % rate and parts and accessories at present law. The reduction would st imulat e 1920 Soviet Russia officially recognized the 8 % . The members of the Association believe sales and increase production, thus increas­ sovereignty and independence of the Baltic that it is time for the excise tax to be re­ ing the revenue from other highway t axes Nations and voluntarily renounced forever pealed or, at the very least, certain provisions and the income tax. When that $500,000,000 all rights and claims by Russia over the Bal­ of the Internal Revenue Code involving the revenue loss is reduced by an increased in­ t ic soil and people; and tax should be amended to eliminate cer­ come and highway tax revenues and the ad­ Whereas until 1940 Lithuania was a sov­ tain inequities in the tax which put some ministrative savings at the Internal Revenue ereign nation, a member of the League of members of our industry at a competitive Service, it should be very slight indeed. Nations and a signatore of numerous inter­ disadvantage with respect to others. In 1974 the Highway Trust Fund received national treaties with the Soviet Union; and The manufacturers excise tax on truck $6,675,000,000 in revenue and disbursed Whereas the Soviet Union during June bodies, chassis, parts and accessories is the $4,576,000,000. Had the excise tax on truck 15-17, 1940 invaded and occupied Lithuania, last excise tax on vehicles. In 1971 the ex­ chassis and bodies been repealed at that and subsequently, forcibly annexed the Lith­ cise tax was removed from automobiles be­ time, the fund would still have had a $400,- uanian Nation into Soviet Union; and cause of high unemployment in the industry 000,000 surplus for the year. The Trust's an­ Whereas the Soviet Union continues to and a desire to alleviate the problems of a nual surpluses have accumulated to a figure conduct a policy of colonization, Russifica­ recession-weakened industry. Virtually the exceeding $11,000,000 in its reserve fund, tion, ethnic dilution and religious and polit­ same situation that existed at that time in and President Ford has suggested that 2 ical persecution; and the automobile industry now exists in the cents of the Federal tax on a gallon of gaso­ Whereas the United States Government truck industry. Our industry is now in the line be remitted to the general fund and 1 maintains diplomatic relations with the gov­ midst of a general recession and is faring far cent to the States because the Highway ernments of the Free Republics of Estonia, worse than industry as a whole. Trust Fund has more money than it needs. Latvia, and Lithuania and consistently has Heavy duty truck sales in 1975 were 37% It is clear that at this time and in the fore­ refused to recognize the unlawful occupation lower than sales in 1974. Truck-trailer manu­ seeable future, the Fund has no need for the and forced incorporation of these freedom facturing was off an alarming 77 % during revenues raised by the truck excise tax. loving countries into the Soviet Union; now the first ten months of 1975 from the already For these reasons, we urge this committee therefore be it low 1974 levels. Plants for the manufac­ to adopt a provision repealing the manufac­ Resolved, that we urge the Unit ed St at es ture of truck bodies and chassis have been turers excise tax on truck bodies, chassis Congress to enact Bills S. 2679 and H.R. 9466 closed all over the country, including the and equipment. Moreover, we feel that the which would establish a commission to moni­ states of Tennessee, Missouri, Oregon, In­ administrative complexity of the tax also tor the acts of the signatories which reflect diana, California, New York, Kentucky, and compels repeal. There are over 2 ,000 I.R.S. compliance with the articles of the Final Michigan. Chrysler has ceased producing rulings outstanding concerning the excise Act of the Conference on Security and Co­ heavy trucks and Mack and General Motors tax. These rulings are not published by the operation in Europe, with particular regard have reduced their production. At least one Internal Revenue Service and are often t o the provisions relating to Cooperation in major truck manufacturer, Diamond Reo, 1s in conflict with each other. This not only Humanitarian Fields; and further bankrupt. Unemployment is much higher in illustrates the complexity of the stat ute and Resolved, that we urge the United States the industry than in the economy at large. the difficulty with which its applied, but Congress to enact H. Con. Res. 368 which was The repeal of the 10 % tax on truck bodies also leads to discrimination in favor of introduced by Rep. Alphonzo Bell, or similar and chassis and the 8 % tax on parts and those with favorable rulings vis a vis t h ose legislation which calls for full freedom and accessories would affect more than 800,000 with unfavorable rulings or no ruling at all. independence for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu­ aut omotive-related businesses in an indus­ I would like to describe several sit u ations ania. try which accounts for 1/ 6 of the entire gross which are illustrative of in equities in the im­ national product. Repeal would not only re­ position of the t ax and the administ rative duce inflation in the cost of trucks and trail­ burdens it imposes on the IRS and the in­ REPEAL OF EXCISE TAX ON TRUCK ers, but would be passed along to the con­ dustry alike. CHASSIS, BODIES, PARTS, AND AC­ sumer in the reduced cost of all those every­ One of the problems with the tax is estab­ CESSORIES day items which are transport ed to market lishing the tax base to which the tax rate is by truck. to be applied to arrive at the tax. The origi­ The manufacturers excise tax is an ex­ nal intent of the tax was to tax all of the tremely regressive tax. The tax is passed on items at the price at which they would be to every consumer in the price of the goods sold by a manufacturer to a wholesale dis­ HON. MARVIN L. ESCH he buys and falls equally on the poor and tributor. But as the tax is imposed by t h e OF MICHIGAN the well-to-do. Repeal will put more dollars Code and administered by the Internal Reve­ in the hands of the consumer to help keep nue Service different excise tax bases are es­ I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the economy moving. tablished for identical taxable articles, de­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 A more detailed discussion of the economic pending on who sells them. This creates dis­ effects of repeal may be found in a study con­ pariies in price between competitors at the Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, I was pleased ducted in 1975 by Rinfret-Boston Associates. same level of distribution. If a taxpayer pur­ to testify at the Senate Finance Commit­ Copies of this study have been made avail­ chases a truck body from one manufact urer tee hearing on April 6 concerning the able to members of the Committee and their and a hoist from another and assembles repeal of the Federal excise tax on the staffs. them for sale to a consumer, the tax base manufacturers of truck chassis, bodies, The truck excise tax is supported by some will be his sales price to the consumer, be­ parts, and accessories. These manufac­ as a user tax allocating the cost of maintain­ cause the Internal Revenue Service will con­ turing industries have severe economic ing the national system of highways on those sider him to be a manufacturer of a. taxable persons and companies which use the high­ article. The tax base will thus include the problems which would be mitigated in ways. As a user tax the truck excise is arbi­ taxpayer's cost of assembling and marketing part by the removal of this outdated tax. trary and inefficient, since it is imposed at a the item at a higher level of distribution, as I have sponsored H.R. 4370 to repeal fiat rate irrespective of the vehicle's use of well as his markup. If another taxpayer, this tax. Not only is the tax a burden, the roads. It is imposed at the same rate on purchases an identical truck body and hoist but the cost of compliance is also ~n·eat. a truck which is demolished in an accident from a single manufacturer, the tax will This is clearly demonstrated by the re­ the day after its sale as on a truck which be paid by the original manufacturer on his marks of James Hackney on behalf of may use the highway for years. selling price and no further tax will be the Truck Body and Equipment Associa­ The tax is incredibly cumbersome to ad­ due from the distributor. minister. Its complexity imposes on manu­ This treatment obviously places the man­ tion. For this reason I insert the full text facturers and the government costs far out of ufacturer of only one product at a. competi· of Mr. Hackney's testimony before the proportion to the revenue which it pro­ tive disadvantage. What is more, it is an Finance Committee to be printed in the duces. This added cost is again passed along extremely difficult policy to apply. Thou­ RECORD: to the consumer in the price of the goods sands of hours of work are expended annual­ TESTIMONY BY JAMES HACKNEY which he purchases that are transported by ly by Internal Revenue Service agents and Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ truck. Unlike the true user fees, taxes on attorneys, company executives and account­ mittee, my name is James Hackney and I gasoline and diesel fuel, the manufacturers ants, and legal counsel in determining just am Chairman of the Taxat-ion C<>mmittee of tax is not a simple one to assess and collect. which operations constitute further manu­ the Truck Body and Equipment Association. Innumerable variables in the base to which facture and which constitute the tax-exempt TBEA is a nationwide organization of manu­ the tax rate is to be imposed, the person to installation of a body on a chassis. This is fact urers, distributors, and dealers of truck be taxed and the use to which the taxed item time which produces little revenue and 11698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 which could be more productively used by evance to this price. The application of this sections. This borrowing enabled the FEA government and taxpayer alike. concept, too, has resulted in much conflict. to mushroom from a few staffers to a total The application of the further manufac­ Additionally, it is very difficult to establish today of about 3,400 employees. ture rule can also lead to the imposition of cost, particularly the allocation of overhead As the oil crisis eased, the FEA seemed to the tax at an effective rate far exceeding 10%. to particular products, again resulting in change direction. With less to do analytical­ The following calculation is an actual case, much unnecessary and unproductive work ly, it turned to self-promotion for survival. involving the assessment of a tax on the ulti­ for the Internal Revenue Service and the At present the FEA boasts a staff of 112 mate consumer who obtained the installation taxpayer alike. publicity experts who run a computerized of a tag axle on a previously purchased truck In closing. we reiterate that the only real operation costing the taxpayer $3.5 million chassis. solution to the economic and administrative per year. It cranks out press releases, film Chassis purchased------$21,500.00 burdens of the tax is to repeal it entirely. spots, pamphlets, and books. One of the Tag axle installed______2, 500.00 Repeal would strengthen the industry, re­ publications, The Natural Gas Story, was State tax______100.00 duce unemployment and help to minimize issued just at a time when the question in.tlation, all at an accepta.be cost in loss of of natural gas deregulation was being de­ Total ------24,100.00 revenue. It would remove a source of com­ bated on the fioor of the House. This story, petitive discrimination and free IRS per­ calling for deregulation, was so political that Because the user held title to the sonnel to deal with the more productive Judge John Sirica, in a suit brought by chassis he was classed as a taxes. The tax was enacted as a wartime the American Public Gas Association and manufacturer and since the measure and has outlived the need for which the American Consumer Federation last De­ ms presumes that manufac­ it was adopted. The Congress removed the cember, found that it violated the law which turers do not manufacture tax on passenger automobiles in 1971, and prohibits federal agencies from using fed­ without adding profit, the IRS the House of Representatives has passed and eral money to infiuence Members of Con­ gress on legislation. His opinion concluded agent added 10% ------2,410.00 sent to the Senate an energy bill which would remove those on intercity buses and that, "the FEA's intent in writing and dis­ tributing copies of this booklet (The Natural New tax ba.se------26,510.00 radial tires in this session. 'I:he time has 10 percent FET______2, 651.00 come to eliminate all such taxes. Gas Story) has been, at least in part, to infiuence Congress, however indirectly, to Credits: pass deregulation legislation, and this con­ Tax paid by chassis manufac- stitutes a violation of the statute... " END THE FEDERAL ENERGY There is little real support for the FEA. turer ------1, 600.00 ADMThTJ:STRATION Tax paid by tag axle installer __ 53.00 Even though the FEA is a perfect example of the revolving door between an agency and the 1, 653.00 industry it is supposed to regulate, oil com­ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER panies have little regard for this agency. (A OF COLORADO 998.00 report of the GAO, dated July 26, 1975, showed Total ------IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the FEA employed 65 workers rated Gs- The user is liable for an additional $998.00 13 and above who had ties with the oil com­ of tax on a $2,500 purchase. If he had bought Wednesday, April 28, 1976 panies.) While this is not a violation of the the tag axle from the seller of the chassis, Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I am law, (18 U.S.C. 207), it is symptomatic of the his tax would have been $250.00, for a savings pleased that Congressman FLoYD FI­ problem of the regulator and those who are of about $748.00. to be regulated that is of increasing impor­ This is an actual case and the IRS Agent THIAN has joined in the effort to let the tance today. It is a problem to be studied 1n did nothing more than his job. He was right Federal Energy Administration die a de­ its own right. according to the law. served death on June 30. On April 14, The major oil companies dislike the FEA The above example is applicable for any he gave testimony before the Energy and even though it has consistently been a truck equipment, including liftgates, cranes, Power Subcommittee urging the end of spokesman for these firms in the federal gov­ chassis modification, and so on. The tax is the FEA. His testimony is as follows: ernment. The major oil companies have ben­ discriminatory and creates an unfair com­ TESTIMONY OF THE HONORABLE FLOYD FI­ efitted from the FEA, but they do not like it. petitive advantage that the truck equipment THIAN BEFORE THE ENERGY AND POWER SUB­ They, of course, would prefer no regulation distributor has no way of combating unless COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE INTERSTATE AND at all. the tax is repealed. FOREIGN COMMERCE COMMITTEE The smaller oil companies do not care for Since the original purpose of the manufac­ the FEA because, although they derive some turers excise tax was to tax a product at the Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commit­ benefit from Special Rule #6 which exempts price at which it is sold by a manufacturer to tee, thank you very much for giving me them from the entitlement program, the FEA a wholesale distributor, the statute allows this opportunity to testify before you on has consistently ruled in favor of the major the use of a constructive sales price as the tax H.R. 12169, the important matter of re­ firms. base on sales by a manufacturer to the ulti­ newal of the Federal Energy Administration. Consumer g1·oups also do not care for the mate consumer. If a manufacturer sells a I know you are very busy, so I will get right FEA. Agency pronouncements and rulings taxable truck body to a retailer, however, to the point. have consistently favored the major oil com- rather than to the ultimate consumer, the The basic question before the Committee .panies to the detriment of the individual. Internal Revenue Code dictates that his tax today is whether FEA should continue. It FEA has never attempted to hide its big oil base is the sales price to the retailer. Due to was chartered as a temporary agency to meet bias. While helping the major firms by le­ the increased cost of selling to retailers as an emergency situation. The crisis has eased. gitimizing high oil prices, its tips to the con­ opposed to wholesale distributors (practically We no longer face an immediate oil short­ age; in fact, the Wall Street Journal reports sumer involve taking a timer into the shower the same as the cost of selling at retail), the to conserve hot water by being made aware tax base of such a manufacturer will be that the Middle Eastern countries have pro­ duced a surplus of crude oil, more than the of the time. higher than that of a manufacturer who sells Any agency which can unite in opposition to distributors, and higher than the manu­ major oil companies are willing to buy. The threat of rationing has dissipated. Yet, the such critics as the American Petroleum In­ facturers selling at retail who is allowed to stitute and Ralph Nader certainly deserves use a constructive sales price. Again, there FEA is asking to become a permanent addi­ tion to the landscape of Washington bu­ close and careful scrutiny. is no valid economic reason for the distinc­ If we in the Congress refuse to renew t he tion, and it results in extensive and un­ reaucracies. This year it is asking for a budget three times that of last year. It is FEA, will American energy policy falter? The necessary conflict and litigation. asking for an increase of personnel of nearly answer is no. In the calmer days following The Internal Revenue Service allows man­ 20 % . One by one, however, its functions the winter of 1973 other agencies were cre­ ufacturers who do not normally sell at have been subsumed by other agencies. The ated to be permanently involved in the energy wholesale to use a constructive sales price major responsibility delegated to it by Con­ field. The Energy Research and Development equal to 75% of the manufacturer's price gress is the oversight of the phase-out of Administration (ERDA), established in 1974, at retail. If the tax base computed in this oil price controls. These will be gone, by has offices dealing with Fossil. Nuclear, Solar, fashion is less than the manufacturer's cost, law, in 40 months. Does this alone justify Geothermal, and Advanced Energy Systems. however, the manufacturer is required by FEA continuance? I think not. It employs 8,000 government and 100,000 pri­ the Internal Revenue Service to use as his A short history is in order. vate contract workers. Its projected budget tax base his cost for the item sold, or in The Federal Energy Administration Act for fiscal 1977 is just over $6 billion. The some cases, cost plus ten percent. This is of 1974 (PL. 93-275) clearly stated that Nuclear Regulatory Agency, also established clearly anticompetitive, as it discriminates the FEA was to be a temporary agency. It in 1974, employs 250 workers and it has a against the manufacturer whose costs are created itself by borrowing from other es­ budget of $277 million ~or FY77. Finally, the high, such as a manufacturer in the process tablished departments. The Interior Depart­ long established Federal Power Commission of expansion, who has a higher debt load ment furnished the omces of Petroleum Al­ has jurisdiction over natural gas dating back than his competitors. The excise base should location, Energy Conservation, Energy Data to its inception in 1920. The U.S. government have no relation to the taxpayer's cost .since and Analysis, and Oil and Gas. The Energy has 21 separate omces, departments, and it is supposed to represent the price at which Division came from the Cost of Living Coun­ agencies dealing with energy in addition to the manufacturer customarily sells the item cil. The FEA borrowed freely from the Treas­ the FEA. I might add that the FEA charter­ to a wholesale distributor. Cost has no rei- ury Department to set up its regulatory ing law also included sections dealing with April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11699 the reversion of functions when the agency seemly chill and tornadoes skipped across Miami Nurseryman Mark Ancet. "It's just ended. The law also makes allowances for Oklahoma and Texas. Heavy rains deluged gung-ho," notes Al Muller, at a Wilmette, new functions to be delegated to the appro­ Texas, Oklahoma and western Kansas-but Ill., nursery. "We're running out of Bibb priate spot in the bureaucracy as determined too late to save the dl·ought-stricken winter lettuce, celery, carrots, and we can't get new by OMB. wheat crop, whose scraggly remains have been supplies." In New England, the Finast super­ Ending the FEA can only help. It has no plowed under. Residents of heavily evacuated markets find 40-lb. bags of cow manure (at major supporters except itself. Although it is Minot, N.Dak., breathed easier as their $1.99 a bag) selling at record rates. legally charged with regulation, it has ne­ earthen dams continued to hold against the The new greening of America takes many glected this for gigantic efforts at propa­ crested Souris River, but 400,000 acres were forms. Amid the hills surrounding San Fran­ gandizing and self-promotion. The FEA is flooded, dampening the area's harvest hopes cisco, homeowners often plant tomatoes, let­ attempting to legitimize itself by making the for another season. At week's end most of tuce, celery, carrots, onions and radishes in taxpayer believe an energy crisis exists and America shifted to Daylight Saving Time, the wooden tubs on sun decks. Raspberry plants only the FEA is equipped to deal with it. better to enjoy, or rue, whatever nature has and apple trees for backyards are big sellers Their books, pamphlets, polls, surveys, and in store. in Portland. During the hot summer, Miami speeches all have this point at their ba,se. If the meteorological vagaries commanded area gardeners turn to black-eyed peas and Their solution to the problem is to raise oil unusual attention, part of the explanation watermelons. Dick and Hope McKim of prices. This benefits only the oil companies. may have been that in many other respects Miami even converted their swimming pool This is an opportunity to save $440 million the news was e-xceptionally good. In a Voice into a garden, filling it with layers of rock in taxpayers' money. By ending the FEA we of America discussion beamed overseas, such and sand, then topsoil. Says Mrs. McKim: have a chance to prove that Congress does panelists as Columnist Charles Bartlett and "Now instead of the pool costing us $50 care about the size of the federal govern­ Political Demographer Richard Scammon a month to maintain, we eat out of it. ment and is aware of the horrors of a spread­ were startled by their unwonted optimism Community garden projects, often subsi­ ing, entrenching bureaucracy. The people about America's future. For the first time in dized with federal funds on state or city across this country have spoken out against a long time, the panelists later agreed, they land, have more hopeful planters and renters the burgeoning growth of the bureaucracy. had been talking about the country in terms than available plots. Low-income families It is now time for Congress to act by letting that were almost totally positive. How come? are often given priority, since the savings this part of that bureaucracy die. There may asked the program's moderator. Scammon re­ on food bills from a 15-ft. by 25-ft. garden be other areas in which we can and should plied that, though a great many problems can reach $250 a year. Atlanta has 150 acres, act to trim off bureaucratic barnacles which remained to be solved and though there were divided into 20-ft. by 30-ft. plots, scattered impede the functioning of the ship of state. still far too many sick and deprived people, in its metropolitan area in a program that But the opportunity immediately at hand is the U.S. is in extremely good shape. To be will reach an estimated 8,000 people this to kill the FEA. I urge this committee to rec­ sure, Scammon is known as a glandular year. In Louisville, one government-spon­ ommend against Congressional resuscitation. optimist, but the daily headlines largely sored garden project leased 175 of its 250 In conclusion, this is not a Democratic supported his thesis. plots in just two hours on opening day. For issue, nor is it a Republican issue. The bi­ The economic recovery continued to ac­ $20 a season, more luxurious Louisville share­ partisanship of its nature is obvious. We all celerate as first-quarter statistics showed croppers get 40-ft. by 100-ft. lots and the have a stake in this. Treasury Secretary Wil­ an annual increase of 7.5% in the gross na­ comforts of telephones, electric outlets and liam Simon, the first FEA administrator, said tional product. Almost as heartening, the porto toilets. in a recent interview that the FEA was a annual inflation rate declined to 3.7 % , and INSTANT TOMATOES "potential monster." It is time to rid Ol.lr­ although it is expected to creep up to per­ All this does not mean that Americans are selves of this monster. haps 6 % , it is still a far cry from the 9.7 % no longer enthralled by gadgets and gim­ rate reached in 1974. Detroit was forecasting mickry. More than 20,000 Rotocrop "Acceler­ a 10.5 million car year, the second best best ator" compost bins were sold last year at THE GOOD NEWS OF SPRING ever. Profits were up, retail sales were high, about $40 each, and sales are expected to and even the long depressed housing in­ more than double this year. The bin is merely dustry was on the rise again. Unemployment a 3-ft.-high plastic cylinder, specially venti­ HON. JAMES A. BURKE remained at an unacceptable 7.5%, but this lated for turning garden and kitchen wastes OF MASSACHUSETTS v·as a promising drop from the 8.9 % high of quickly into compost. Students at the Uni­ last May. versity of Miami enjoy almost instant toma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NUDGING NATURE toes hydroponically grown by pouring liquid Wednesday, April 28, 1976 fertilizer into baskets filed with wood shav­ On another level, many Americans were ings outside their dorm windows. "Tomato Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. working shorter hours and looking for some­ rings"-Wire-mesh cages about 4 ft. wide and Speaker, an article appeared in this thing new and personally satisfying to do in 6 ft. high containing beds of grass clippings, their leisure hours. Astonishing numbers of table scraps and leaves-are popular for week's edition of Time magazine, which them seemed to be finding it in an almost I would like to call to the attention of growing a variety of vegetables. · atavistic yearning to grub in the dirt, sow Such shortcuts do not seem to diminish my colleagues. The article gives ample seeds, nudge nature with fertilizer, watch the satisfactions. "There is tremendous ex­ evidence of the upsurge in home and wondrous things grow, then literally taste citement in putting seeds in the ground­ community gardening in this country. It the fruits-and vegetables-of their loving little pieces of nothing in the earth-and indicates· that 51 percent of American labors at their own tables. Home gardening seeing them grow," declares Harold Field, a households will have a vegetable garden of all kinds, but most especially for eating, retired editor and enthusiastic gardener in this year. In addition, thousands of com­ is booming in the U.S. The growing zest for New York's Westchester County. "It defies growing things got its biggest boost in 1974 description. It's almost magical." The rising munity garden plots will be planted by from the recession, climbing food prices the elderly, the poor, and by civic orga­ interest in pots, plots and Window boxes is, and the stay-at-home gasoline shortage. But indeed, a healthy trend in a mechanized nizations. These efforts will make a sig­ the continuing splurge in backyard plots society. Millions of Americans work at jobs nificant contribution to meeting our food and apartment window boxes this spring that rarely encompass more than a step in demands, and holding the line on infla­ proves that the back-to-the-soil trend is no a production sequence or a repetition of serv­ tion. mere fad. The U.S. Department of Agricul­ ices. And they work indoors, besides. For In light of the fact that more people ture estimates that this summer, for the these millions, the meshing of one's hand first time since the flourishing victory gar­ with nature's rhythms and whimsies to pro­ will go to their gardens this year than dens of World War II, a majority of Ameri­ the voting polls, I thought my col­ duce a delicious melon or a crunchy celery to can households-some 37 million, or 51 %­ stalk is proving to be a renewing experience. leagues might want to be advised of the will be tending some kind of vegetable progress of the back-to-the-soil garden. movement. The Time magazine article "America has never been a great garden­ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL LACROSSE gives a clear indication of the directions ing country," says Gardening Author Derek TEAM WELCOMED which our citizens wish to pursue and, Fell. "But now all that's changing." Declares as my colleagues well know, I am hopeful Willi.:.m MacDowell, president of W. Atlee that this Congress can encow·age such Burpee Co.: "People are getting frustrated HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH with all the frivolities of life. They want OF NEW YORK worthwhile pursuits. something more basic." Observed San Diego A copy of the Time magazine article Garden Store Owner Joan Klindt: "You IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES follows: can't live in concrete all your life. Every day Wednesday, April 28, 1976 POTS, PLOTS AND THE GOOD NEWS OF SPRING I hear people saying things like 'Oh, I don't A capricious spring surprised and bestirred watch that TV program any more. I'm work­ Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, it is with much of the nation last week. Whlle New ing out in the yard.' " great pride that the citizens of central York City's skyscrapers shimmered in 96° Suppliers cannot keep up with the de­ New York welcomed the Australian na­ heat, the highest temperature ever recorded mand. "I've been out of orange trees for two tional lacrosse team to our area April there in April, Floridians endured an un- months, also lemons and kumquats," says 21-24. This young, exciting team from 11700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 one of our closest allies has toured our ily available for these demonstration fa­ LET US NOT FORGE~ THE CAPTIVE country with distinction over the past cilities. When these new technologies PEOPLE OF THE WORLD few weeks and now has departed for have proven commercially viable then it their homeland. becomes the responsibility of the private While in upstate New York, they sector to take over total production of HON. MARIO BIAGGI played the national college division these new energy forms. OF NEW YORK champion team from Cortland State. It The testimony further elaborated that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was indeed a very exciting contest thor­ the traditional forms of technological Wednesday, April 28, 1976 oughly enjoyed by all in attendance. evolution progressed to the commercial 'lbe sportsmanship of both teams was stage only after painstaking development Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, as we in outstanding and in particular, I would in laboratories where it was perfected to this Nation celebrate 200 years of free­ like to recognize the coach of the Aus­ a point acceptable for commercial use. dom, we are constantly reminded of the tralian team, Mr. John Forrester. It is This new synthetic fuels legislation plight of the millions of captive peoples always a pleasure to have visitors come propels us into a new era in technological of the world. Many of these individuals from another country and when they research where the time between the first have not spent 1 day of freedom in leave it is nice to recognize the fact generation technological stage to the their entire lives. One example is that their presence was appreciated by demonstration stage is much shorter. Our Czechoslovakia, a nation which sought all. energy shortage and subsequent escala­ to loosen the stranglehold of the Soviet tion of imports necessitates the speeding Union during the late 1960's but were of this process, but should we succeed in crushed back into submission by the NATIONAL GOVERNORS' CONFER­ this accelerated process we will reap Soviet Union in an invasion which ENCE ENDORSES LOAN GUARAN­ enormous benefits. Governor Salmon re­ shocked the world with its savagery. TEES FOR NEW ENERGY TECH­ minds us that approval of the loan guar­ Eight years later life in Czechoslovakia NOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS antee program should not be interpreted seems to fit the traditional Communist as approval of a Federal program of price mode. Lack of freedom, hard economic supports or regulatory modification for times. The most recent edition of the HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE cost of service. Council of Free Czechoslovakia discussed OF TEXAS The· task force is in total agreement the religious persecution policies in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the principle and language of sec­ Czechoslovakia particularly against the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 tion 17 (e) of the legislation which states. Jewish people. A reading of these two As soon as the Administrator knows the articles will show the severity of the Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the na­ geographic location of a proposed facility for problem. tional Governors' Conference has come which a guarantee or a commitment to guar­ During 1976, this nation should rededi­ out in strong support of loan guarantees antee is sought under this section, he shall cate itself in support of the struggle for for the synthetic fuel demonstration in!orm the Governor of the state, and officials freedom among the captive nations of projects outlined in H.R. 12112, the of each political subdivision and Indian tribe, the world. Let us not resign cmrselves to amendment to the Federal Nonnuclear as appropriate, tn which the facility would the present alinement of Eastern Europe Energy Research and Development Act. be located or which would be impacted by such !acUity ..." but instead fight to give the people of Representing the Governors' Conference, this region the right to choose their form Thomas Salmon, Governor of Vermont, The Governors consider their involve­ of government. This is one cause we testified before the House Committee on ment in the decisionmaking process should not abandon. Science and Technology. paramount to the success of any project I am pleased to insert the following Governor Salmon began by stating: proposed within their States. Their inti­ two articles; Religious Oppression in • . . a number of my colleagues and I mate knowledge and concern for their Czechoslovakia, and Liquidation of Jew­ testified before this Committee's Fossil Fuels population's health, safety and prosperity ish Religious Communities. I would also Subcommittee last October, with respect to are vital considerations if there is to be like to thank Mr. Jiri Horak, chairman key provisions necessary for a successful compatibility between the projects' goals synthetic fuels program. Although we are of the government department at Man­ here again to address many of the same pro­ and the goals and needs of the citizens. A hattan College, and Secretary of the visions, I would be remiss if I did not com­ close working relationship between the Council of Free Czechoslovakia for bring­ mend this Committee for incorporating a State and Federal Government as well as ing these articles to my attention. I con­ number of our most important concerns in the industrial developer and the com­ gratulate him and all other members of H.R.12112. munity where a project will be located the council. Their cause is just and the will In its efforts to review H.R. 12112 with insure that success of a project goal people of Czechoslovakia are grateful for the careful consideration needed for such will not be achieved at the expense of the their efforts. important and far-reaching proposals citizens and their community. The articles follow: the National Governors' Conference In a later letter to the Committee, Gov­ RELIGIOUS OPPRESSION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA created a task force under the auspices of ernor Salmon stated, During the last three !ears the persecution its Natural Resources and Environmental The Governors believe that synthetic fuel of churches and rellgious societies in CZecho­ Management Committee which Gover­ development w1ll inevitably be achieved. slovakia has deepened to such an extent that However, unless greater risks are assumed, in!ormed observers spe:ak 0f quiet liquidation nor Salmon chairs. such development will be slow and incremen­ of spiritual. and religious life 1n the country. In his testimony Governor Salmon tal. The Nation's need to accelerate develop­ The daily press and the so-ea.lled professional offered several conclusions of the task ment warrants the Federal Government to as­ journals in Czechoslovakia publish an ever force's review. Pre-eminent among them sume a portion of those risks. The accelera­ increasing number of articles denDuncing re­ was the absolute necessity of demon­ tion in research, development and demon­ ligious worship and different churches as an strating commercial feasibility of syn­ stration would reflect the urgencies of the expression of primitive attitudes, antitheti­ thetic gas and petrolum production in inbalance between America's need for energy cal to scientific knowledge, ob tructlng the and its secure supply. Accordingly, we sup­ road toward happiness, and undermining the light of the present decline in our do­ port the thrust of this blll. The amendments principles of socialism. mestic fuel production. The critical we seek would avert or reduce potential in­ Systematically planned anti-religious prop­ point, he feels, was reached this Febru­ equities or unfair burdens. They do not go to aganda 1s conducted und~r the dbect control ary when, for the first time in U.S. the public policy question of whether public of Moscow and is baSed on the mQ6t recent history, we imported more oil than we investment in accelerating technological Soviet experiences. The Czechoslovak Gov­ produced. The Governors' task force fully evolution is a legitimate activity. On that ernment estS!blished new centers for the supports the loan guarantee program be­ question, the Governors' committee 1s unani­ teaching of so-called scienti:fte a.thelsm. with cause they consider it part of the Fed­ mous that it does. Soviet lecturers. eral Government's responsibility to as­ It 1s characte-ristic !or the communist sys­ The Governors of this country have ex­ tem whose constitution incidentally guaran­ sure that new technologies are tested pressed through Governor Salmon their tees the freedom of reldgiooue expnssion that and refined before being placed in full­ desire to assist the Congress and the Ad­ religious journals a.re not allowed to defend scale commercial operation. The loan ministration in any way possible in their reUglous faith or to cU.spute t.he so-ea.lled guarantee provides a logical avenue to efforts to achieve the nation's energy scientific anti-religious approach. attract capital which would not be read- goals. Th.e present anti-religious policies of the April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11701 Czechoslovak Government and of the Com­ of Soviet foreign policy. These religious After World War II, thousands of Jews munist Party of Czechoslovakia pursue the organizations, either Catholic or Protestant, returned to liberated Czechoslovakia. They following course: have nothing in common with the goals and were the survivors of Nazi concentration ( 1) In spite of great popular interest, mission of churches. The activities of these camps, prewar civlllan emigres, as well as churches and religious societies are allowed organizations serve as a means to have thousands of Jews who had served with the no independent publishing activity. All such clergymen occupied and to keep them a way Czechoslovak armed units in East and West. activity finds itself under strict governmental from their pastoral duties. Thus, in 1946, the number of Jews in Czecho­ control. Moreover, all decisions of the govern­ Religious freedom is internationally rec­ slovakia was estimated at some 55,000 (Jeru­ mental institutions in charge of religious and ognized as one of the basic human freedoms salem Post, 13 August 1967}. This situation church affairs are taken without the partici­ and the freedom of conscience and worship did not last long, however. Many of the re­ pation of church represente.tives. Import of is one of the basic human rights. From that patriated Jews were soon dissatisfied with religious books and journals is prohibited. reason they have been incorporated into all the conditions they found upon return. All contact of religious organizations with international documents-the U.N. Charter, Thus, a trickle of Jewish emigres again be­ abroad is controlled by the regime. These Human Rights Charter, etc. However, in gan to flow West or to Palestine as early as controls apply to the participation of Czecho­ spite of the fact that these freedoms or 1946, to join those tens of thousands who slovak delegates to the World Council of rights to religious life are considered as had emigrated in 1938-1939 and never re­ Churches and its organs. something quite natural, we find little indi­ turned. Many of the emigres, as well as many ( 2) The Czechoslovak regime makes diffi­ cation that the Western powers and their of those who had remained in Czechoslo­ cult, 1! not impossible, the pastoral work of religious organizations are upset over the vakia, discarded the Jewish faith and at­ priests, especially of those who are most violation of these rights in Eastern Europe. tempted one or another form of assimilation. dedicated to their vocation. The most tal­ To state it briefly, one has an impression Figures on legal and, especially, illegal ented among them are simply deprived of the that the violation of these freedoms and Jewish emigration after 1945 are hard tc. right to serve their church. Czechoslovak rights was not considered as an interna­ come by. It appears that, from the end o:f bishops and other church functionaries, to tional issue. Only recently, at a Helsinki World War II up to August 1947, some 5,000 the extent to which they are allowed to oc­ Conference last summer, a certain change Jews had emigrated, half of them to Pales­ cupy their posts at all, are also hindered in took place: freedom of religion and freedom tine and 15,689 In 1949, when legal emigra­ the performance of their functions. This per­ of conscience were stressed as basic human tion from CZechoslovakia was stopped. secution takes place without being publicized rights. And this step has changed the situa­ Simultaneously, persons of Jewish origin and it is, therefore, virtually impossible to tion also for the defense of religion in Czech­ continued to emigrate to other Western ascertain how many priests have been sen­ oslovakia.. While until now the Czechoslovak countries. After the communist take-over, tenced and imprisoned. The government has religious representatives were not in favor everything except personal effects had to be alro drastically reduced the opportunity for of having various international gatherings left behind, and emigration fees of up to the education of new priests, while at the pass resolutions in defense of religion be­ 50,000 Kcs had to be paid to get emigration same time systematically forcing into retire­ cause of fear that the reaction of the Czech­ permits. For those who were emigrating from ment all the priests who have reached the oslovak regime would be to tighten the Czechoslovakia for the second time, the in­ age of sixty. As a consequence of these meas­ screw. such an apprehension on the part of volved bureaucratic procedures were reminis­ ures, the number of parishes and congrega­ religious leaders in Czechoslovakia is valid cent of the emigration scenery from the tions without a priest or a spiritual admin­ no more. T~e West and the world's religious Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1939. istrator keeps constantly growing. institutions have an obligation to demand Jewish emigration to the West gathered after (3) Religious orders have been brutally from the government of East European February 1948, until this avenue was closed suppressed and during the recent period countries observation of the provisions of for all practical purposes in late 1949. their members were allowed to serve only in the Final Act of Helsinki concerning the In view of the fact that less than 20,000 those health and social welfare institutions respect for religious life. Below we are re­ Jews remained in Czechoslovakia after 1949 in which as a rule the lay workers refuse printing the pertinent part of the Final Act. it may seem surprising that the authoritie~ to work. The purpose of this article and of this deemed it necessary to pursue not only ag­ (4} The Czechoslovak government dis­ issue is to call the attention of all the peo­ gressive anti-Zionist propaganda but often criminates severely against all active Chris­ ple to the existence of religious oppression thinly camouflaged anti-Se:mltlc policies as tians. It persecutes those parents who at­ in Czechoslovakia. Our aim is to generate well. Latent popular anti-Semitism apart, tempt to provide their children with re­ enough interest in the situation in Czecho­ such behavior was obviously a product of ligious instruction, and children who have slovakia in order to help the believers in Stalin's virulent anti-Jewish and anti-cos­ received religious education are as a rule that country in their difficult and uneven mopolitan feelings in the last years of the excluded from access to institutions of struggle for securing the respect of the re­ Soviet dictator's life. Popular anti-Bemitism higher learning. gime for that to which they are entitled. was further nourished and methodically re­ The Czechoslovak government has en­ We trust that we will receive understanding inforced by regime propaganda. through the gaged in all those measures in order to for this help among the readers. circumstance that Slansky, Reicin, Geminder, liquidate religious life in our country in a and other pro:mlnent communists sentenced m.anner that would not provoke too much LIQUIDATION OF JEWISH RELIGIOUS to death in 1952 were of· Jewish origin; those criticism abroad. It is well known that on CoMMUNITIES unpopular figures were conveniently blamed their visits abroad the representatives of for the many negative aspects of life under The present religious persecution concerns totali tartan sociallsm of those times. The of­ d11ferent churches in Czechoslovakia do not also the Jewish religious communities, al­ speak of this state of affairs and of the ficial anti-Semitism of the regime relaxed though only in a restricted way. because the but never disappeared in subsequent years-­ conditions under which they have to work Jews had already been subjected to a se­ in their country. They cover up for the a phenomenon which was caused by more vere persecution during the Nazi occupation !factors than the pro-Arab stance of the re­ regime and may ev~n praise its attitude to­ of Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1939. Nu­ ward religious life in Czechoslovakia in gime's foreign policy alone. merous reports are reaching us from Prague 1968 and After. The last--and final-mass order to save for themselves the minimum indicating that Judaism, which had played opportunity for contact with their fellow Jewish exodus took place after the l968Inva­ a highly significant role in the intellectual sion. By then not only Jewish antlcommu­ believers in fore'ign lands. and cultural life of the Republic before 1938, The Czechoslovak regime which tries to nists and apolitical people but also com­ may completely disappear within the next munists who had became dls1lluSloned de­ eliminate the churches and religion from twenty years. Works by such important au­ cided to leave the country. A large percentage publlc life denies that religion plays any so­ thors as Kafka, Werfel, Brod, Kisch, Langer, cial !unction. On the other hand, however, of this new Jewish emigration wa.s made up Torberg, Wechsberger, Polacek, Bass and of intellectuals, professionals, physicians, it forces the clergymen of all denominations V8.tnbs will become unknown in the country. to support all domestic and foreign policy At the time of the 1930 census. 254,288 economists, and others. The total number of goals of the Czechoslovak Government. The Jews in the religious sense ("practicing Jews who escaped after the August 1968 in­ Government was instrumental in establish­ Jews") were living on the territory of pres­ vasion was estimated at 4,000 to 4,500 people (see, e.g., UPI release, 15 December 1970}. ing an organization called Pacem in Terris ent-day Czechoslovakia (see Statistical composed of the so-called patriotic Catho­ Yearbook, 1938}. The 102,542 Jews who had Now the practicing .Jewish community in lic priests. As far as Protestant ministers are lived in Ruthenia at that time, and their Czechoslovakia consists of only 5~000 people, concerned, the Government created the so­ losses, are left out of the scope of this dis­ of whom some 1.200 live In Prague (see Mal­ called ecumenical committees which are a cussion, since that part of prewar Czecho­ colm Browne writing from Prague, Interna­ member organization of the Czechoslovak slovakia became part of Hungary in March tional Herald Tribune, 25 August 1975.) Protestants in the so-ca.lled World Christian 1939 and was annexed by the Soviet Union There is no pressure !rom the few remain­ Peace Conference whose seat is in Prague. in 1945. Out o! the :more than a quarter ing Jews to emigrate; there are no appeals At the meetings of the Pacem in Terris million Jews on present Czechoslovak terri­ to the West; no underground journals. Association and of ecumenical committees tory, about 135,000 perished as a result of Most of the rest are old people, pensioners tbe clergymen approve various resolutions the Nazi extermination policy: over Tl,OOO who do not want to leave to face an uncertain expressing support and loyalty for the re­ in Bohemia and Moravia, and m.ore than 57,- future. Still, the community is closely gime and under a disguise of the protection 000 in Slovakia (see, e.g., Pravda, 9 December watched, and its members know lt. A prom­ of world peace pass resolutions in support 1960, and Kulturny Zlvot, 10 December 1960), inent member is believed to be an informer of CXXII--'739-Part 10 11702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A pril 2 8, 19; 6 the Ministry of the Interior, a tact which has dealt with the mechanical aspects and committee of the House Committee on cannot but reinforce the general apat hy of the material rewards which the system offers Government Operations, I am well aware the religious community. as compared with all other systems which of the many problems which communities In spite of the steady diminution o! the have been tried-and proven dismal !allures Jewish community in Czechoslovakia, the both for the individual and the societies in face on the treatment and disposal of authorities have never allowed it unhindered which they have been tried, with the notable sewage effiuent and sludge. development. Not only did the State Security exception of the brutal elite which controls Actually, these wastes may be a val­ Service have its informer within the Council t he apparatus. uable resource to the Nation if they are of Jews, but any genuine defense of Jewish Considerable is being made these days utilized in that perspective. I invite the interests or even an assertion of simple h is­ about the moral aspects and the quality of attention of my colleagues to an article torical truth evoked regime reprisals. our life, and this is especially so among the which appeared in the May 1976 issue of Jewish religious life proper was a reflection younger of us. Water Research in Action, which is pub­ of the situation sketched above, aggravat ed, There is a moral basis for capit alism and it of course, by the general at heistic stance of undergirds the system which has been so lished m onthly at Texas A. & M. Univer­ the regime, which "permits" churches more good t o us materially. Robert LeFevre, noted sity : for optical than for substantial purposes, lecturer and author, has propounded seven THE LIVING FILTER trying to use them for its own ends. Since points on the subject. Paul A. Belknap, a (By Claire H. Sink) Czechoslovakia's Chief Rabbi, Dr. Richard h ighly successful industrialist, dwelt on Before it all began, who would have pre­ Feder, a person of authority, died at the age all seven recently and noted that while the dicted that grasses and trees woUld grow in of 95 on 18 November 1970, there has been no basic proposition is unprovable in the normal a mound of coal mine refuse, or that crop successor in the top religious office. Thomas meaning of that word, grant the proposition and forest yields would increase dramatic­ E. Salamon, who had been trained at the and the rest follows in logical order. ally with sewage effluent irrigation? Budapest Rabbinical Seminary and was sup­ First, each man has a right to live. This is Yet such are the benefits of recycling the posed to have taken over rabbinical duties in unprovable but it is fully credible and the effluent through land application. Further, Czechoslovakia, remained in London after alternative is abolition of all government, it recharges the groundwater supply and the invasion (Newsletter, February 1973). A religion and rules of conduct, allowing man makes it possible to stop dumping waste­ study of the Czechoslovak Jewish monthly to slaughter hiinself. water into streams. Vestnik Zidovskych Nabozenskych Obci v Second , a man has a right to try to sustain The Wastewater Renovation and Conserva­ Ceskoslovensku shows that rudiments of his life. This is, to be sure, an individual tion Project was initiated at Pennsylvania Jewish religious life are still in existence in right the exercise of which may not impair State University by the Institute for Re­ a number of Czech and Slovak towns, but the rights of others. search on Land and Water Resources in 1962. this appears to be more out of tradition, Third, a man has a right to the produce It has provided many answers to many ques­ habit, and the need for togetherness than of his labors. This includes the right to ob­ tions, but there is much left to investigate: out of genuine religious feeling, to say noth­ tain honestly by an exchange process (wages 1) public health implications, 2) engineering ing of hope. for work, for instance) the property he wants aspects, 3) biological-hydrological consider­ Under these circumstances, Jewish relig­ in any amount since he has the right to ations, 4) wildlife and animal environmental ious life in Czechoslovakia is doomed within determine his own level for a satisfactory responses, 5) economics of land application a generation. life. systems, and 6) sludge application technolo­ Fourth, a man has a right to consume that gies. which is his. Man is a. converter of one thing The interdisciplinary research team con­ into another, and he also is a destroyer. sisting of agricultural, civil, and sanitary A MORAL BASIS FOR THE FREE These actions are controlled in society by engineers, agronomists, foresters, geologists, erecting boundaries. The boundary is the ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ecologists, microbiologists, biochemists and first restriction found necessary by man, so zoologists has investigated the feasibility and morals are related to property. Immorality environmental impacts of disposing treated begins at the point where trespassing on municipal wastewater on the land through HON. W. HENSON MOORE someone's property rights occurs. The boun­ spray irrigation. From these investigations OF LOUISIANA dary concept is a principle which cannot be the "living filter concept" evolved and now compromised if full freedom and both per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is more-or-less synonymous with the idea of sonal and civic morality are to be main­ spray irrigation of municipal wastewater. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 tained. Fifth, man has a right not to consume. LIVING FILTER CONCEPT Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I strongly This means he has a right to save, a neces­ Research was initiated because dilut ion of believe that the free enterprise system is sary action if a man is to sustain himself in wastewater in streams and lakes is no longer in great jeopardy in this county today. the vintage years when he no longer is able satisfactory-partly because many wastes al­ Never have I seen people so mistrustful to work. ter the balance of life in the stream or lake, of business, the right to make a profit, Sixth, in this nation a man has a right to and partly because the abundance of nu­ exercise all the personal liberties set forth trients in the wastes causes excessive growth and even the existence of private enter­ of aquatic weeds, affecting the aesthetic and prise. Some people believe the Govern­ for him in the Constitution; and the right to invest his property holdings, which may be recreational value of the body of water. ment can do a better job of producing the only way he can sustain himself in his The need to find methods for disposal of goods and services than private enter­ old age. wastes other than by emptying them into prise. Congress and the bureaucracy has Seventh and therefore, a man has a right strean1s, lakes, and oceans; the desire to con­ far too often agreed by passing new laws to be a capitalist, the right to own property serve the nutrients by growing useful ve~e­ and regulations with an ever-increasing and be secure in its retention, and a right to tation rat her than aquatic weeds; and the the profits from his own investments. This urgency of replenishing the groundwater stifling effect of the free enterprise sys­ supply by recharge of the renovated waste­ tem. The Government cannot produce, right to own property and be secure in the ownership is the most basic of all the civil water led to a consideration of the feasibilit~ but can only take away from producers. rights ever catalogued. study. The free enterprise system can and will Given this sound, moral basis for capi­ Research results indicate that wastewat er provide all our people with the goods and talism, no apology is needed for it. No can be adequately renovated by the biosy,;­ services they need and want if it is al­ apology is needed for the great success it has tem-soil, microorganisiUS, and vegetation­ lowed to exist. brought to America. This land has earned and become high quality water to be re­ Notwithstanding this economic factor, this success and in the doing has set an charged to the ground water reservoir. A example for the rest of the world. complex combination of natural processes there is also a moral basis to allow a occurs, including uptake of nutrients by man to rise to the height of his talents plants, metabolic activity of microorganisiUS, and ambitions and to enjoy the fruits of physical and chemical phenomena, and di­ his labors. A recent editorial appeared lution in groundwater. The living filter was in the State Times newspaper in Baton SEWAGE, SLUDGE, AND "THE LIV­ able to remove 100 percent of the phosphor­ Rouge, La., on Friday, April 16, 1976, ING FILTER" ous initially present in the effluent. From which discusses seven important points 1963 through 1966, it was proved that spray­ establishing the moral basis for the free ing sewage effluent on the land will ade­ enterprise system. I believe this editorial HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD quately purify wastewater before it trickles OF PENNSYLVANIA into the groundwater reservoir. is worthy of the attention of all of us: Crops, trees, and other vegetation irrigated MORAL BASIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with sewage effluent grew much faster than Throughout the world the system called Wednesday, April 28, 1976 on nonirrigated control plots. Agronomy and free ent erprise, which means capit alism , con­ forestry test areas have shown remarkable tinues under heavy attack. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. growth compared to adjacent areas. Yields Much has been said and much written Speaker, as chairman of the Conserva­ of hay, for example, increased more than 300 in defense of the system, but roost of this tion, Energy and Natural Resources Sub- percent over crops not receiving the effluent. April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11703 Corn production has increased 100 percent, woman's life? Will it contribute anything and the passage of grants to States for and oats pr<>d.uction increased nearly 50 per­ toward peace, happiness, and content­ Indochina refugees3 education are testa­ ent. Ha;rdwood and evergreen forests also ment in the home? Will it bake t..he ments to the 94th Congress commitment showeIARA MEETS WITH THE CHIEFS not discuss the fourteen-point position of the national security stakes there really That same day, the Secretary of Defense, the Americans. were. Lack of information by the public had apparently feeling that the Chiefs might be Furthermore, it was clear that US offensive led to lack of support of the President. Sec­ getting out of hand, called a. special con­ operations had been so hampered by politi­ ondly-he had not consulted with and relied ference at which he told them that the in­ cal restrictions and leadership timidity that upon the Joint Chiefs of Staff for milita1·y creased budget, higher expenditures, rising military action by the Communist side had advice as much as he should have. not yet been seriously affected. Not enough deployment of US troops, and the lack of public support for the operations in Viet­ pressure by bombing and mining of North nam had led to the decision to extend the Vietnam had been exerted to convince Ho bombing "pause." He had recommended this Chi Minh that he was losing the war. In THE RETIREMENT OF MR. JUSTICE to the President, he said, on November 7 fact, he was convinced that he was winning­ Wll.J...IAM 0. DOUGLAS and 30. so let the US meet his terms! This posttion And then, as a. sop to the Chiefs, he con­ meant more face throuhgout Asia. and in­ creased support from anti-war advocates in HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIE_ tinued saying that one of the greatest dan­ the West. gers of the "pause" would be how to get OF WISCONSIN In retrospect-Monday morning quarte!'­ out of it-to avoid being mousetrapped by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the CommunLsts. There is no question but backing-we can now clearly see what was that we must continue to escalate our mili­ evident to the Joint Chiefs from the begin­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 ning. The US bombing and air war agai!lBt tary forces in South Vietnam, he said. There Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, it will be air action over North Vietnam in 1966 the enemy had been crippled by political con­ siderations in the selection of targets, by the is with great personal regret that I note if we continue escalating as planned. Hai­ phong Harbor must be mined, too-around piecemeal commitment of forces (McNamara. the retirement of William 0. Douglas. In March 1966. The Chinese Communists have called it "flexible response"), and by plain every era there are a few men and moved planes to South China. to meet our timidity on the part of our civi11an leaders women whose personal impact on public bombing threat. There must be a very sub­ in the use o! bombing to bring about a vic­ policy has extraordinary proportion both tory for our side. First of all, these leaders stantial escalation during '66 if no settle­ during their careers and long after their ment comes from the "pause." We had better were afraid of what Red China and the So­ viet Union might do. And they displayed a retirements. Wllliam Douglas is such a prepare to do thLs after the "pause" if there person, and as chairman of the House are no peace terms. The US effort during the gross ignorance of how to employ the tools ..pause" will stop the Soviets to some degree of war in the extension of foreign policy. Al­ Judiciary Subcommittee on Civil Liber­ from responding militarily a,a-ainst the US if though many were so-called "intellectuals" ties I have long benefited from his ex­ we eventually escalate. Soviet emissary or "old school tie boys," they had not learned ample, vision and ability to grasp the Alexander Shelepin's current visit to Hanoi from history, either. need for an activist judiciary and legis­ has no relation to the "pause." The visit was What was equally serious was President lature. arranged before the stand-down commenced Johnson's failure to properly and adequately inform the American people and their Con­ More than any Supreme Court Jus­ (Moscow, on December 28, had announced tice in the history of the Nation, William the approaching visit to Hanoi of Shelepin, gress as to our national stakes in Southeast a member of the Soviet Presidium. Specula­ Asia. and why we had committed forces · to Douglas has decried the slow but steady tion immediately arose-whether the Rus­ South Vietnam. This fact was reflected in the shift of power from the Congress and the sians were timing the trip to pressure the media polls and was brought to focus in the courts to the executive. He did much DRV to accept President Johnson's offer to failure of the bombing "pause" to produce personally to stem this tide. Indeed dur­ negotiate). The Secreary continued, saying desired results. ing much of his tenure on the Supreme that the US would also benefit immeasur­ The President and his staff had not con­ Court, the longest of any Justice in our ably by showing the US public what we had sulted with nor kept the Joint Chiefs prop­ erly informed of their plans and decision for history, the Court was able to grapple tried to do during the "pause." This action successfully with creeping executive au­ would likewise have a beneficial effect on the a. "pause." opinions of the other countries of the West. President Johnson failed to heed the rec­ thority. Through a good measure of Although no one had talked with the Sec­ ommendations of his military advisers in Douglas• infiuence the Court entered the retary, Eric Sevareid reported that McNamara Washington, Honolulu, and Saigon. He did fray over public policy on a number of had twice torpedoed attempts at negotiation. not accept the advice of his own ambassador the. most disturbing issues of the day: This article had done irreparable damage, the in Saigon. Astute in domestic politics, ex­ environmental protection, antitrust ac­ Secretary announced bitterly. pert in the manipulation of congressmen and tion, executive impoundment of appro­ We must direct our primary effort toward voters on local issues, secretive to an excess, priated funds, the measure of process due the situation in South Vietnam. We are not wary, cautious, and essentially a "loner," ma.king the progress we expected six months with a. vast gap in hLs grasp of international ~o defendants in criminal cases, and most ago, the Secretary said. politics, and surrounded by key civilian ad­ Importantly the protection of first and There now ensued a period of great activity visers as inexperienced, for the most part, as fourth amendment freedoms. on the part of the US. Presidential emissaries he was, the President would have brought to In my view Douglas' most visionary commenced to scurry about the world giving any conference table a very poor poker hand, and compelling efforts were made in this briefings to the leaders in more than eighty indeed. His adversaries sensed this and, con­ last area-the protection of the citi­ countries-including the Pope. They were sequently, wouldn't even take a seat. zenry•s rights to privacy, association being told that President Johnson desired Thus, the great bombing "pause" of the winter of 1965--66 resulted in a miserable fail­ travel, security in one's house and papers' to continue the "pause" and to negotiate an and political beliefs. In his successfui end to the war. It was emphasized that, if ure for the US and greatly increased the the DRV and Viet Cong didn't accept the danger to our efforts in Vietnam. opinions and his powerful dissents Doug­ offer, the blame for the resulting expanded By January 29, President Johnson realized las has and will continue to shape the warfare would lie at their door. There was the full extent of this diSaster and had made struggle between the citizen and his gov­ no doubt that the President was desperately up his mind to resume bombing. Twenty-five ernment for maintenance of individual seeking a settlement or hoping to establish senators were urging him not to do so, but freedoms. a suitable environment for escalation of the Air Force reconnaissance had revealed large In his famous majority decisions in US effort. In spite of this massive attempt enemy convoys of men, ammunition, and supplies streaming southward with impunity, Griswold against Connecticut--1965 the to end the war by negotiation, it became landmark birth control case, Dougla~ set clear by the end of Tet that Ho Chi Minh had during broad daylight, to cross the border no intention of accepting our bid. In fact, he into South Vietnam. With complete freedom new parameters to the debate of what is did not even deign to reply directly to Presi­ from attack, herculean efforts were being perhaps best called freedom of the dent Johnson's offer or to worldwide ap­ made by the North Vietnamese to repair person. proaches. roads, bridges, and ran lines in evident prep­ In his dissent in a Smith Act case WHY THE "PAUSE'' FAILED aration for further operations. The President Dennis against United States-1951, knew what this threat meant to our forces Douglas refused to subjugate the first The reasons for this disturbing fall ure were below the DMZ, and he had the courage to several. Viewed from the Communist side, it make the unpalatable decision to end the amendment freedom of speech to the did not appear that the US was willing to upause" and to start bombing again. hysteria of the cold war. Although an bring anything worth trading to a bargain­ Much later, after retiring to his ranch in anti-Communist, Douglas always main­ ing table-certainly not the com.plete with­ Texas, the former President, discussing the tained that writing, speaking, and teach­ dra.wal of US forces, which Ho had demanded US failure in Vietnam with a v1stttng general ing of political views were protected by as a prerequlsite for even talking. The US ofllcer, satd that, looking back, he had made the Constitution. In that dissent which had also 1nd1ca.ted that lt would not accept two serlons errors in his treatment of the we will learn from for generati~ns he the four basic ba.rga.ining points of North problem. First-he had not kept the Amerl- said: ' April ?8, 19t6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11707 Full and free discussion has indeed been publication entitled "The Forgotten Five women aim to improve their performance the first article of our faith. We have founded Million: Women in Public Employment-­ in their present job and not to prepare our political system on it. It has been the A Guide to Eliminating Sex Discrimina­ them for promotion. safeguard of every religious, political, philo­ tion" by Catherine Samuels. The book In Boston, the only training for office sophical, economic, and racial group amongst workers organized by a. Federal Agency (U.S. us. We have counted on it to keep up from was a project of the Women's Action Civil Service Commission) aimed to help embracing what is cheap and false; we have Alliance and does a thorough and en­ the secretary "to see her role as a.n adjunct trusted the common sense of our people to lightening job of documenting sex­ to the management team." Courses included: choose the doctrine true to our genius and related inequities in the public sector, "Techniques for Self-Improvement" and to reject the rest. This has been the one as well as offering useful information "Tips on Grooming and Personal Poise." single outstanding tenet that has made our on how to know when you're being On the other hand, men in predominantly institutions the symbol of freedom and discriminated against, how to docu­ male municipal jobs (such as police, fire, equality. We have deemed it more costly to ment cases of sex discrimination and paraprofessional engineers) regularly par­ liberty to supress a. despised minority than ticipated in educational programs that lead t o let them vent their spleen. We have what legal remedies are available. It also to bachelor's or technical associate degrees. wanted a. land where our people can be ex­ has sections on implementation of affirm­ In New Jersey and in Boston, Executive p<>sed to all the diverse creeds and cultures ative action and how to build organiza­ Development programs are available only to of the world. tions of women to fight sex discrimina­ those already in supervisory and manage­ tion in public jobs. The following are ex­ ment positions, areas where women are se­ In his concurrent view in Aptheken verely underrepresented. against Secretary of State-1964, in cerpts from the book: Female and male employment patterns re­ Most governments have differential poli­ which the portion of the Subversive flect de facto job segregation. Most jobs in cies based on sex in pension, maternity, Activities Control Board Act of 1950 Government have been stereotyped as either health insurance, and other fringe benefits. denying passports to so-called subver­ "1nen's jobs" or "women's jobs." Most women In New York and New Jersey, women pay sives was held unconstitutional, Douglas work with other women. more than men (making the same salary) expands the majority opinion with a In New York City Government, where wom­ into the pension fund and receive back less. pithy statement of the freedom of travel. en are 42% of the total work force, they In New York, health insurance (Blue are 94% of the nur es, 81 % of the clericals Croos) usually pays full hospital costs ior He said that freedom of movement is re­ 21 days for surgery or a heart attack, but lated to the right to assembly and the and 61 % of the teachers. to Men, on the other hand, hold all of the will only pay a total of $80 for childbirth. right to association and that absent war laborer and craftsmen jobs, and are 98 % of In the Dallas County Clerk's Office, a he saw no way to constitutionally keep a the engineers, 94% of the architects, and 91 % woman is not allowed to return to work citizen from traveling within or without of the attorneys . . . · until six months after childbirth; also "con­ the country, unless there is a power to In California State Government, where crete evidence" that a. child is being cared detain him, "And no authority to detain women are 37.7% of the work force, they for is requested before the mother is per­ represent 87.6% of all clerical jobs compared mitted to return. exic;ts except under extreme conditions, State and local governments in this coun­ for example, unless he has been convicted to 2.3% of crafts, trades, semi-skilled and laborer jobs. Also, women hold 15.3% of ad­ try are dependent upon more than five mil­ of a crime or unless there is probable ministrative positions ... lion "·omen who make up our public work cause for issuing a warrant of arrest by Jobs held primarily by women have more force. Representing 50% of all municipal standards of the Fourth Amendment." limited promotional possibilities than "men's employees and 43% of all state em­ In the historic Mapp against Ohio jobs." Job ladders for women's jobs are often ployees, women make a.n important contri­ case-1961, the court helC. that the dead-ended. bution to the welfare of their states, cities In the Boston Assessing Department, where and towns. In return for their contribution, fow·th amendment's application to the women are segregated into dead-end jobs, States was given meaning only if mate­ a majority of employees are fe1nale, women do not hold the job of Assistant Assessor. Be­ concentrated in the lowest paying job cate­ rial seized in an unreasonable search is cause such a. job is a prerequisite for promo­ gories, passed over for promotion, denied excluded from use in any criminal pro­ tion to higher level positions, the absence of many of the benefits men enjoy, and even ceeding. Douglas' concurrent opinion women from that position bars them from paid less for jobs requiring as much, if not shows us once again that the gentleman all policy-making jobs. more, skill than comparable jobs for men. from Washington was ever vigilant in In New York, there are virtually no promo­ Instead of leading the country out of the tional opportunities for females in custodial mire of sex discrimination, governments are behalf of the rights of the public when a prime offender-and our taxes pay to sub­ confronted by "the casual arrogance of work. After one year's experience in the title of Custodial Assistant, women can be pro­ sidize discriminatory practices. those who have the untrammeled power moted to Senior Custodial Assistant with a. These facts assume more global signifi­ to invade one's home and to seize one's raise of $150. This is the first and last promo­ cance when we realize that the vast majority person." tional possibility in that job. of women employed by governments-as is This catalog of cases could go on and However, after two years experience, men true for all working women-depend on their on. I have only touched on a few of hun­ can be promoted to Junior Building Custo­ jobs to support themselves and their fami­ dian with a. raise of $900 a year, and then to lies. Limited job opportunities and concen­ dreds of illustrations of Mr. Justice tration in low paying jobs translate into Douglas' unique sensitivity to the strug­ Senior Building Custodian where they receive $9,750 to $12,650 ... poverty and deprivation. At a time when 22 % gle for individual privacy and freedom. Women are almost entirely absent from the of all households heads are women, when We have all learned much from this top positions in Government. Management millions of families are dependent upon two thoughtful man, and I know that gener­ and administration have been "men's jobs." incomes in order to stay above the poverty ations of Americans and freedom-loving In New Jersey, there are no women hold­ level, when women with children make up people the world around will find ing Commissioner titles (which are ap­ the largest group of welfare recipients, when strength and hope in his words. pointed by the Governor). Of the 24 As­ families headed by single females are 5 times sistant Commissioners, none are women. Of more likely to have incomes below the pov­ I wish him the best of luck and happi­ erty level, when the unemployment rate for ness in his many years to come and know the management and middle management job categories of Commissioner, Assistant women over twenty years old is 8.1 % (com­ that he will continue to be a model and Commissioner, Director, Assistant Director, pared to 6% for men)-in times such as a teacher for us all. Deputy Director, and Chief, only 14% are these, we must see that equal employment women. for women is a matter of survival. In Dalla-S, only 1 of the City's 35 depart­ However, the plight of these five mlllion ments is headed by a. woman-the Library. women has been largely ignored. It was not NEW PUBLICATION ON SEX DIS­ The average women worker earns less than until March, 1972, when Title VII of the Civil the average male worker, even in job areas Rights Act of 1964 was extended to cover CRIMINATION IN THE PUBLIC SEC­ state and local governments, that these five TOR where women predominate (such as edu­ cation). million women received the simple legisla­ tion protection enjoyed by their counterparts In Montgomery County (Maryland), in in private employment. Until now, no major HON. DONALD M. FRASER every occupational group (including Cleri­ efforts had been made to document or ana­ cal) , the median pay grade for women is lyze the problems. No major (or even minor) OF MINNESOTA 1-4 grades lower than the median for men. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thrust has been developed by a.ntidiscriml­ In California, the average monthly salary na.tion agencies to enforce the law. No large­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 for women is $775 compared to $1,128 for scale educational campaigns have been de­ men. signed to make publlely employed women Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would like Women participate in fewe1· training pro­ aware of their rights or employers of their re­ to call your attention to an excellent new grams than men. Most of the programs for sponsibilities. And little energy has gone into 11708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 developing workable remedies which suit the since I was 13 years old. I worked summers CONSTRUCTO'&. Your firm owns Sideline special problems of government employment. during school vacations, first as a mechan­ operations selling crushed stone and asphalt. Clearly, this issue has not been considered a ic's helper and later as a field office manager. How's that business doing and are you look­ priority by legislators, enforcement agencies, When the time came for me to assume com­ ing at any other forms of diversification? public officials, funding sources, public ad­ mand of the firm, I had some experience in HoGAN. The sideline business is doing well vocacy groups or even women's groups. most every facet of our operations. Sure, and we're expecting an even better year in times have changed and my perspectives 1976. We are looking at other diversifications; on this life changed accordingly, but I stlll studying the utilities and building fields. derive a great deal of pleasure out of being We've given some thought to overseas work. ARKANSAN SELECTED ASSOCIATED a general contractor. primarily in Saudi Arabia. We haven't given GENERAL CONTRACTORS PRESI­ CoNsTRucroR. What effect has the current sufficient thought to any of these areas to economic situation with Inflation and re­ know as yet which way we want to jump. DENT cession had on your company? We're also giving some thought to going com­ HoGAN. We're not starving, but our work pletely outside the construction area. load is well below what we would like it to CoNsTRUCTOR. What other businesses might HON. BILL ALEXANDER be. The completion of the Interstate system appeal to you? What characteristics are you OF ARKANSAS in Arkansas cut deeply into our profit pic­ looking for? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES i;ure. We hit our peak in the 1971-72 season. HoGAN. We have a number of things under Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Intlation and recession have certainly been consideration. Basically, we're looking for factors contributing to our downturn, but something which is not capital-intensive, Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, AGC's the Interstate completion is without doubt which will show a good return on investment new president, Ben M. Hogan of Little the largest single factor. and will not be subject to government whims. Rock, Ark., in addition to his many con­ CoNSTRucroR. What is your business out­ We'd prefer to stay with something that is look for this year? construction-related because that's where tributions to the construction industry, HoGAN. In my opinion, the outlook for we have our expertise. is a leading citizen of Arkansas, having highway contractors across the country is CONSTRUCTOR. What's your opinion Of the contributed much time and effort toward not good. This year is not likely to be any Highway Trust Fund? Would you favor using the betterment of our State. better than 1975, in fact it could be wo1·se. money out of the Fund for mass transit AGC could have made no better choice The rec-ession is going to be with us for work? to head its organization than Ben Hogan. quite a while yet. Most important is the fact HOGAN. Naturally, I am very much in favor The April edition of Constructor, the that the government is spending less on of the Highway Trust Fund. It is an out­ monthly magazine of Associated General highways. standing success and one of the better ideas CoNSTRUCTOR. Is the so-called "govern­ ever to come out of Congress. I am not dead Contractors, includes an interview with mental inactivity" having an adverse efi'ect on set against USing some of the money out of Hogan about his 25 years in the con­ highway contractors? the Fund for mass transit work. It might not struction industry. I believe the inter­ HoGAN. Yes, at both the Federal and local be such a bad idea. After all, when you're view reveals much about the problems le~ls. The government is spending about the talking mass transit, you're usually talking that confront the construction industry same amount of money on highways, but $7 buses and thus road work. Trust funds are today, as well as the industry's views on blllion now buys what $5 billion or so used all right to bnlld roads for mass transit, but legislation before us. I believe it will be to buy. The result is a terrific amount of that is all. of interest to my colleagues: overcapacity among highway contractors. I do think that the majority of mass tran­ Spending on road work at both the federal sit work should be paid out of the govern­ BEN M. HOGAN, A PRESIDENTIAL PORTRAIT and local levels is failing to keep pace with ment's general funds. Eventually, I would AGO's new President, Ben M. Hogan, has inflation. A big reason why this year is des­ like to see a Mass Transit Fund established been actively pursuing a construction career tined to be no better than last year is the on a basis slmllar to the Highway Trust !or 25 years. The Ben M. Hogan Company, fact that the federal government released $2 Fund. Highway users pay for their mode of Inc., is headquartered in Little Rock, Ar­ blllion in impounded funds last year, it transportation, mass transit users should do kansas, and was founded in 1921 by Mr. doesn't have to release this year. likewise. Hogan's father. Mr. Hogan became president You only have to read the newspapers to CoNSTRUCTOR. How much infiuence is the of the firm in 1964 following his father's know that local governments are not doing Common Situs Picketing battle going to death. Today the firm is primarily engaged a lot of road work. The voters are seem­ have on labor negotiations this year? in highway work with an annual business ingly united on at least one idea-they want HoGAN. I think the Common Situs issue volume of $16-18 mi111on. He also has retall to cut government spending or at least hold wlll ha e virtually no impact whatsoever at operations selling asphalt and crushed stone. the line. One thing that would help us all the local level. Local market conditions are Mr. Hogan is active in civic affairs and has would be some magical way to convince the going to be the key factors-the overriding given much of his time and efi'ort to the voters that the highway proposals are for concerns at the bargaining tables. Common city of Little Rock and the state of Arkansas. roads that are needed and are necessary. The Situs was a national issue. There's no deny­ He has served as a delegate to the state's same people who rush out to vote against ing that it has caused a great deal of friction Constitutional Convention, as a member of highway bullding proposals probably get tied between management and labor at the na­ the board of the Arkansas Orchestra Society up in traffic the following morning and com­ tional level. But the impact at the local level and as chairman of the state Game and Fish plain about the congestion. Some of the will be marginal, if there is any impact at all. Commission. He is a director of a Little Rock same folks who write to complain about CONSTRUCTOR. Do you see the Common Si­ bank and a savings and loan association and potholes and the need for resurfacing of roads tus issue as an on-going wedge between man­ has served as president of the local Boy will make a special etrort to vote against agement and labor at the national level? Scout Council. money that is needed for just that work. We HoGAN. No, I don't. I would not care to Active in AGC afi'alrs for many years, need to change that type of thinking. speculate on how long it will take things to Mr. Hogan was president of the Arkansas CoNSTRucroR. Has the present downturn cool off, but I do know that time helps heal Chapter in 1962 when it won the Member­ in work meant more losing jobs than usual? wounds. You have to realize that there are ship Award. He has also served as chairman HoGAN. No, I wouldn't say that. We haven't mature, responsible, and earnest people on of the Arkansas AGC Highway Committee had any losers in awhile. Back in 1972-73, we both sides of the fence. We all realize that and as a member of the Mississippi Flood had more than our fal:r share of losers. Part there are too many pressing, urgent issues Control Branch. of the reason was the extreme infiation of that need our mutual attention and our mu­ His service to the National AGO includes that period, but most of the losses were due tual cooperation-we cannot go on fighting his recent post as Senior Vice President as to extraordinarily bad weather. In a given old wars. For example, we need to be working well as his work on the executive transporta­ year, Arkansas can expect 45 inches of rain; together right now to free some appropria­ tion policy, open shop, Federal Highway Ad­ that particular season we saw something on tions in Congress and to break the log jam ministration. legislative, contract forms and the order of 78 inches. Any highway contrac­ of those unspent funds. Construction work­ speclflcat!ons. and la.bor com.mlttees. Of all tor can tell you wha.t weather like that does ers and contractors alike need the work. his assignments to date, he 1s most proud to his profit picture. CONSTRUCTOR. Along a Slmilar line, what of his work with the AASHTO-ARBA-AGC CoNSTRUCTOR . How would you describe your are your thoughts on repealing the Davis­ Joint Committee, on which he served as bidding philosophy? Bacon Act? chalrma.n. HOGAN. Put very simply, we bid the market. HoGAN. Given the pro-labor stance of the In the belief that a man can best be Anybody in this business knows that when present Congress, I can't see investing any known by his own actions and words, Con­ the market is good, you bid with the idea major effort in having the Davis-Bacon Act structor recently spen~ an afU:!rnoon inter­ of beating the competition but also getting repealed. The odds on doing that were long viewing Ben Hogan. We began our conversa­ the maximum you. can out of the job. We've at best; after the Common Situs fight, the tion by a.sldng him 1f the construction Hfe been largely successful at doing just that. likelihood Is even more remote. stlll holds the same allure for him that 1t We've never bid with the intention of losing CoNsTRUCTOR. Are you saying we should did when he chose lt as a career. money on a job; but, of course, that's hap­ forget about 1t? HoGAN. I've been working in construction pened from time to time. HOGAN. No. I am saying that there shouldn't A]Yril 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11709 be any maximum effort put forth. If legis­ especially auspicious time to be the Presi­ the camel's back or an indication of the first lation is introduced to repeal the Act, we dent of AGC? step along the road to ruin. I think that you should lend it our support. I emphasize that HOGAN. At this point, I would have to say always have to be on the lookout for each I think chances for repeal are all but non­ that the coming year should be a relatively o! them and avoid them. When you see one existent. quiet year for AGC. Of course, I would have of the danger signals on the horizon, how­ CONSTRUCTOR. Some people have argued told you the same thing last year-then ever, you must recognize it and take correc­ that Davis-Bacon works to the advantage of came the Common Situs fight. I am not com­ tive measures to minimize its effect and elim­ the union contractor. Do you see any validity ing into office with any catch phrases or inate it in the future. in that argument? grand schemes. If you're looking for a "New HOGAN. Even if I happened to be a con­ Frontier" slogan and a. "Great Society" pro­ tractor operating under collective bargaining gram, you'll have to look somewhere else. My agreements, I would still be in favor of re­ initial efforts will be directed toward keep­ SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM: pealing Davis-Bacon. In theory, if not always ing those things set in motion by my pre­ in practice, Davis-Bacon rates are supposed decessors on an even and steady course. A PROPOSAL to correlate with prevailing area wages. If CONSTRUCTOR. What do you see as the ma­ you have a concentration of union labor in jor challenge confronting AGC this year? an area it is possible that non-union con­ HoGAN. I think the main challenge con­ HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD tractors might have to pay higher than fronting us is the same one facing American OF MICHIGAN normal wages if they take on government business in general. We have to organize our­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work and thus become subject to Davis­ selves so as to have political power and Bacon rates. In theory, at least, the union punch equal to that of unionized labor. The Wednesday, April 28, 1976 contractors are already paying whatever the legislative efforts put forth by AGC have been very good. I want to see these efforts Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I wish prevailing rates may be. share with my colleagues my testi­ The main thing I have against Davis-Bacon grow. I want to see a marked increase in poli­ to is that it adds an artificial cost factor that in tical clout from this organization in particu­ mony before the SOcial Security Sub­ the long run helps no one. More and more lar and the construction industry's manage­ committee. In it. I offer a solution for money is being spent on less and less con­ ment in general. the current financial problems of the struction. It's just about that simple and CONSTRUCTOR. Beyond being President Of social security system and a plan for Davis-Bacon isn't helping the situation one AGC, what ambitions do you still harbor? more equitable financing and benefits as bit. What would you like to be doing 10 or 15 well: years hence? CONSTRUCTOR. In Our December 1974 inter­ SociAL SECURITY REFORM: A PROPOSAL View with past President Matich, he expressed HOGAN. I'd like to be sitting down in Little the opinion that open shop construction was Rock, Arkansas as head o! a very successful (By Representative WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD, on the rise and was a. growing trend. Are general contracting firm. 17th District, Mich.} your views similar to his? CoNSTRUCTOR. Realizing your activity in A great many Americans are deeply con­ HOGAN. Yes, definitely. Open shop con­ the Arkansas political system and your con­ cerned about the Social Security system be­ tractors are making inroads in areas once the cern with political impact at the national cause of announcements by public officials exclusive domain of union contractors. More level, do you see a future in politics for your­ that the Social Security trust fund is "peril­ and more union contractors are forming self? ously low" or near "complete exhaustion." double-breasted operations. I see no hint that HOGAN. As you know, I once ran for office Adding to the malaise are news stories to the this trend is changing; if anything the move­ as a delegate to the state Constitutional effect that many local governments are plan­ ment is accelerating. Convention. I was elected, but that's the ning to opt out of the system in favor of It's all the result of one basic fact: con­ only political office I have ever sought. I private retirement plans. struction purchasers are looking for the best have been politically active in Arkansas and Too many people who should know better buy for their money. In doing so, more and I've been privileged to be friends with some are crying wolf. The system has its problems, more construction purchasers are turning to of the state's political leaders. Yes, I have but benefits aren't going to stop and Social the open shop contractors. This is why I given some thought to running for office on Security isn't going bankrupt. The govern­ think the local market condition will be the my own. Someday, I just might do it. Wash­ ment's ability to pay out Social Security single most important factor at the bargain­ ington has no appeal to me, but I might con­ benefits rests on the federal government's ing table this year. If union labor wages get sider entering a race to be a. State Senator power to tax the earnings of workers and on too high, construction purchasers will start from Little Rock or Governor ot Arkansas. the ability of workers to pay those taxes. looking for alternative ways to get their proj­ I've seen too many contractors who haven't Thus, Social Security is as safe as America­ ects built. Obviously, the unions don't want collected the final payment on a project or as strong as the power o! the federal govern­ to see their members lose work to open shop gotten their retainers released because they ment and as rich as the American economy. competition. didn't realize the true impact of the rela­ Social Security is probably the largest sin­ CONSTRUCTOR. Going from labor to man­ tionship between the effort required to final­ gle program ever developed by any govern­ agement as a. whole, what's your current ize, and the damage that was being caused ment anywhere. The system's revenues in evaluation of the National Construction In­ to their overall financial position. 1975 totaled $63 billion, making Social Secu­ dustry Council (NCIC)? Are we headed to­ REVIEWING THE JOB rity the second largest source o! federal ward the goal of a. "single voice"? One of the greatest failings of the indus­ government income, exceeded only by the HoGAN. The one fault I find with NCIC is try, I believe, is an almost universal prac­ income tax. This year Social Security will not really a. fault. of the organization at all. tice on the part of contractors not to review provide support for over 32 million people­ I only wish that we had the organization a. project after it's complete. Estimators and or one out of every seven Americans. Ten many years ago. If we had an NCIC dating office staff are usually "too busy" bidding million senior citizens will have some of back 30-40 years, construction management other work and the field staff are out, hope­ their medical expenses pa.id by the Social might be much better off today. I admit that fully, constructing other projects. You Security-funded Medicare program. I was skeptical when I took on the assign­ should review every project when it's fin­ Compared with 60 percent participation in ment to the NCIC. I had a. wait-and-see ished, no matter how small, preferably in Social Security in 1936 when President attitude. I do believe that NCIC is making a brainstorming session with people that Franklin Roosevelt signed the original So­ progress, and I am encouraged. Recent posi­ estimated it, brought it out, and had to build cial Security bill, the system today covers tion papers show that NCIC is moving to­ it--if "the people" are all one and the same 90 percent of all American workers. The cov­ ward the "single voice" concept. Obviously, person, he should stlll sit down and review erage itself has been gradually expanded to we aren't going to reach that goal overnight. the documentations and the history of the include old age, survivors, disability, and The goal, if in fact it becomes a reality, is a project. This review can serve many pur­ most recently, medical insurance. Benefits long way down the road. But progress is most poses and it must be done as coldly and as have increased stea.dlly in recent years, and assuredly being made. objectively as possible with the aim of learn­ benefit levels are now tied by law to the cost CoNSTRUCTOR. Turning to internal affairs; ing and improving without in any way of living; thus, they increase automatically what do you characterize as the major "blaming." as prices go up. changes you've witnessed in AGC? I have found in many cases that an after The Social Security system today has three HoGAN. I think maturity is the common completion review not only points out weak­ principal problems. First, the tax to finance denominator for anything and everything nesses and highlights areas that require spe­ the system is unfairly burdensome to mil­ connected with the present AGC. This isn't cial care on new and ongoing projects, it lions of workers. Second, the system is cur­ to say we used to be juvenile, it is to say that points out extra. work that may not have rently operating at a deficit and greater defi­ professionalism is a. hallmark in everything been picked up during the project itself, and cits are predicted for the future; and, third, we as an association do. We're maturing and if properly claimed for, will more than pay benefit levels are inadequate fOI' many recip­ we're doing it without turning mellow-the !or the review o! a project. ients. Let us look at each of these problems Common Situs issue showed there's plenty of Cha.noes are that none of the things I've in turn and then look at proposed solutions. spunk tn this orga.nizatlon-wha.t's more, written about, by themselves, are the sole THE TAX PROBLEM: there's plenty of thought behind the scenes. causes o! any contractor failing. Any one of Since its inception, Social Security has CONSTRUCTOR. Do you view this year as an them alone can be the straw that breaks been financed by a payroll tax. This tax 11710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ap1·il 28, 1976

(called FICA) is the most regressive of all There is also a long-run finar.cing problem, for future wage increases. In attempting to federal taxes; that is, it takes a larger per­ since projections show that the system is solve the system's short-term financial prob­ centage of the income of lower paid workers likely to face even greater deficits around lems, the Administration proposal would than it does from higher paid ones. the turn of the century. At that time, a deepen the injustices of the present payroll There are several reasons for this: First, relatively smaller number of workers will tax. the tax is levied on every dollar a low-paid have to provide benefits for a relatively larger Another proposal for finding additional worker earns, sine~ there are no exemptions retired population. The reason for this is revenue is to raise the amount of an individ­ or deductions for such items as family size that a high birth rate in the 1940's and ual's income on which the payroll tax is and medical expenses. Second, the payroll tax 1950's has been followed by a low birth rate levied each year. Raising this limit would is levied only against wages; investment in­ in the 1960's and 1970's. Today, there are provide revenues from those better able to come is totally free from the payroll tax. about three workers for every retiree: as this contribute and thus reduce the regressive­ Third, the rate itself is a fiat 5.85 percent, century ends, this ratio may drop for a time ness of the payroll tax. Specifically, an in­ and there is a limit (currently $15,300) on to two to one. crease from taxing the first $15,300 in earn­ how much income is taxed. The result of Another reason for this long-term deficit ings to taxing the first $25,000 would in­ these factors is that the effective tax rate is a flaw in the Social Security benefit for­ crease yearly income by about $7 billion­ declines as a worker's wages rise beyond mula. The formula inadvertently makes a more than enough to cover expected ex­ $15,300. For example, the rate for a person double correction for inflation for those penditures in the near future. who earns $5,000 is 5.85 percent; those who workers who have not yet retired. This would earn $25,000 contribute 4.05 percent of their result in large numbers of future retirees There are two problems with this ap­ income, and those earning $50,000 pay only receiving monthly benefits which actually proach. First, it would mean a substantial 1.4 percent. exceed their highest monthly pay. Clearly, tax increase for millions of middle income The unfairness of the tax has been magni­ Congress never intended this, and this for­ workers who are already heavily taxed. Sec­ fied as the rate has increased from 1 percent mula should be revised. This change (called ond, the Social Security system would in­ each on employer and employee in 1936 (a "decoupling") would decrease the projected cur additional obligations in the future since total of $60 per year) to 5.85 percent per year long-term deficit by 50 percent. The other benefits are based on the amount of income today (a total of $1,790.10). The Social Secu­ half of this deficit must be met by finding which is taxed. In the long run, these obliga­ rity tax is so high that millions of people pay a new source of revenue. tions would be about equal to the revenue more in Social Security (FICA) tax than produced by the tax increases. Thus, it would they pay in federal income tax. Even low­ THE BENEFIT PROBLEM not help solve the system's long-term financ­ paid workers who are officially classified as Despite recent benefit increases, Social Se­ ing problem. It would not increase the fair­ living in poverty and exempted from federal curity benefit payments still are less than ness of the system since it would pay out income tax still must pay several hundred what the federal government itself says is virtually all of these increased revenues to dollars per year in Social Security tax. Many a poverty level. The average payment to a higher paid workers who are presumably of these Bame workers are entitled to bene­ single individual in 1975 equalled only $2,258; more able than lower paid workers to set fits from such federally-funded programs as the average payment to a couple was $3,744. aside money for their retirement. While this food stamps and medicaid. Thus, the fed­ In addition, Social Security provides rela­ approach is more equitable than the tax eral government is taking away money fi•om tively low returns to women who have worked rate increase suggested by the President it the working poor with one hand and giving all their lives and contributed to the system. is really not an answer to the problems' of it back with the other. The answer to this These benefit levels and inequities must be financing and fairness. problem is t:> find a fairer means of raising viewed in light of the fact that more than MAKING THE SYSTEM OPTIONAL revenue for the Social Security system. half of all Social Security recipients have no other income whatsoever. Many people urge that persons who do THE DEFICIT PROBLEM not want to participate in Social Security The original idea behind Social Security To increase the adequacy of Social Se­ should have the option of investing the curity benefits, I believe we should raise the was that the government would set aside a money which they now pay in Social Secu­ part of a worker's earnings for his use in later minimum benefit floor for all Social Security ity payroll tax in stocks, bonds, private in­ years. Benefits as an "earned right" appeal recipients. Today, the minimum benefit for surance policies or other pension programs. to the great majority of Americans, and the a single retiree is $1,216 per year, and for a These investments, they claim, would pro­ concept has provided the program with a married couple it is $1,825 per year. I would vide a better return than does Social broad base of support. Actually, Social Se­ raise these amounts substantially. In addi­ Security. tion, I would increase benefits for those curity is financed on a yearly basis; that is, In any individual case, it is impossible to taxes collected in any year are used to pay living in areas where the cost of living ex­ ceeds the national average. These increases say whether these claims are true or not. Just benefits in that same year. as in an insurance system, millions of those For example, in 1975 Social Security col­ would not be as costly as they might seem, since millions of senior citizens are currently who pay into Social Security get back less lected $60 billion in taxes and paid out $63 than they paid-while millions of others get billion in benefits. Social Security, therefore, receiving benefits from other federally­ financed welfare programs to supplement back a lot more than they paid. How much is really a direct transfer of funds from those a person receives in benefits depends on how who work to those who do not, from the their Social Security checks. The SSI pro­ younger working generation to the elderly, gram alone has 2.3 million Social Security long he lives and how good his health is. the ill, and the disabled. beneficiaries among its recipients, at a cost Even if it could be shown that millions of The Social Security trust fund is merely of billions of dollars per year. Increasing Ame~·icans would be better off with a private a contingency fund which currently contains Social Security benefits for those who have pensiOn plan than with Social Security, those approximately enough money (about $40 bil­ no other income would bring about addi­ who advocate making the system optional lion) to pay benefits for about two-thirds of tional security for millions of elderly and ~iss a fundamental point. Social Security a year. This trust fund is invested in gov­ would keep them from having to go hat-in­ IS not an insurance system which provides ernment bonds where it currently earns 6.7 hand from agency to agency to get the money limited coverage to a select few. It is rather percent a year in interest. So invested, this they need in order to live. It would also bring a comprehensive system designed to provide fund provides the largest single source of greater efficiency to the system and save protection for virtually every American citi­ credit for the national debt. many millions in administrative costs. On zen against the risk of disability, death of In 1975, the Social Security Administration balance, however, raising minimum benefit the family wage-earner, and poverty and ill­ was forced to dip into this trust fund for an levels would bring about substantial addi­ ness in old age. As such, it cannot be com­ unprecedented $3 billion, to make up the tional costs, and these costs could only be pared with a private insurance or pension difference between money coming in and paid by finding a new source of revenue. program-there never has been, nor could benefit payments going out. Next year, it is ALTERNATIVES FOR PRODUCING ADDITIONAL there be, any private system as complex and projected that $6 billion will have to be REVENUE comprehensive. withdrawn from the trust fund. To address the system's financial problems, This short-term deficit is largely due to Making the system voluntary would mean President Ford has proposed that Congress its eventual death. This would happen be­ our current economic problems: it has been increase the payroll tax from 5.85 percent to brought on by the dual pressures of inflation 6.15 percent for both employers and em­ cause those who are able to finance their and recession. Because Congress enacted an own retirement or who have already earned ployees, begining in January, 1977. It is con­ automatic cost-of-living increase in Social Social Security or other benefits would drop Security, benefits have gone up every year. At tended that this would cover the deficit the system is presently incurring and would pro­ out, leaving the system with virtually all of the same time, revenues have been eroded duce a small surplus 1n the next few years. its liabilities and few of its assets. Under by high unemployment, since millions of a voluntary system, Social Security would Americans are out of work and are, therefore, Though this plan would produce addi­ not paying payroll taxes. The twin pressures tional revenues, its primary burden would be fall well short of being able to meet its obli­ of infiation and unemployment have caused placed on the already over-taxed low and gations to current retirees and to current benefit payments to outrun revenues, and middle income wage earners. Thus, the un­ workers who have already earned benefits. brought about the need to dip into the trust fairness of the payroll tax would be in­ Making the system voluntary creates many fund. This problem will partly solve itself as creased. This proposal would also place addi­ more problems than it solves, and these new the economy bounces back and more people tional burdens on business and would penal­ problems would have to be solved by federal go back to work. ize workers by making less funds available tax dollars. April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11711

MAKING THE SOCIAL SECURITY A STRICT to substantially lower the Social Security Estate of Corrine Lehman, $88,800. INSURANCE SYSTEM tax. The effect of these changes would be tax S.E. First National Bank, $26,000. Some critics contend that political pres· relief for the low-paid worker, no increases Liens on real estate, $51,271 (see above). sures over the years have so expanded eligi­ for the middle and upper income worker, and Totalliab111ties, $305,145. bility and benefits that Social Security has the overall impact of federal taxes will be Net Worth: $355,102. become a different kind of program than was fairer. originally intended. A few of these critics This proposal also offers the best chance even claim that these expansions have made of solving the deficit problem since it ties the program unworkable. the fate of the Social Security system to the DAY CARE VETO OVERRIDE They advocate converting Social Security most prolific money raiser ever devised by into a strict insurance system. Specifically, any government anywhere-the federal in· this would mean eliminating the compara­ come tax. Use of general revenues is also the HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK most sensible solution to the benefits prob­ tively higher benefits paid to those at the OF CALIFORNIA lower end of the income scale; eliminating lem since it would put the funding for the cost-of-living increases; and reducing the 9.spect of Social Security which is in fact wel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scope of coverage and the number of persons fare in the same place as the funding for all Wednesday, April 28, 1976 eligible for disability, survivors', and medical other federal government welfare programs. insurance. It would tend to unify and simplify both the Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, when the A strict insurance system would reduce or collection and the disbursing of money for House considers overriding the Pres­ eliminate benefits for many people who are these programs. ident's veto of H.R. 9803 next week, the today eligible for Social Security. The con­ CONCLUSION Day Care Services Act, I would like my genitally ill, the disabled, widows or di· Forty years ago, the hope behind the So­ colleagues to be aware of the conse­ vorcees entering the job market at middle cial Security system was that it would save quences of their action: without this bill, age would be unable to obtain insurance and the elderly from poverty. Despite the tre­ day care costs are going to go up. With­ in the event of death, disability or old age mendous growth of the Social Security pro· these persons would be cast into the welfare gram, this hope has not yet been realized. out Federal assistance, day care centers system. This would create additional costs This does not mean that the Social Se· around the country are going to be faced in this already swollen and over-burdened curity system is a failure; it has enriched with meeting Federal standards without system and would prevent many who could the lives of untold millions of Americans and the necessary resources. Not only will pay their own way from doing so. rescued many millions more from poverty. some centers be forced to close, States By the political decision-making process, Because of changing social and economic in some cases will be fined back penal­ these people have been brought into the conditions, changes in Social Security are ties by the Federal Government for fail­ Social Security system. While their inclu­ needed. These changes must be approached ure to meet existing standru·ds. These sion has solved a number of problems, it has with a solid understanding of what Social created some inequities. I believe that the Security is today and with some deliberate penalties will be a severe burden to the political process can bring about a resolution decisions about what we wish the system to States, and resultant cutbacks in social of these inequities. become. We must not let yesterday's ideas services will have the effect of increas­ Those who regard political control of So­ about Social Security stand in the way of ing welfare burdens. In the end, the Fed­ cial Security as a weakness ignore the very changes needed to make Social Security a eral Government will be paying the price. positive benefits of a :flexible and responsive fair and workable system to guarantee a de· Day care has been proven to be a cost­ system. No plan, regardless of how thor· cent standard of living for all of the el­ effective Federal assistance effort where ough or comprehensive, can anticipate all derly. possible future problems. The fact that So· others have failed. Whatever policy cial Security is controlled by elected repre­ changes we envision in public assistance, day care is not something we should for­ sentatives encourages adaptation to such PERSONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT problems and responsiveness to new needs. sake. It works now. Unless we override The changing role of women, advances in this veto, we will be paying for this mis­ medicine resulting in increased life expect· HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN take for years to come. ancy, and steep rises in in:flation are only Our colleague, SHIRLEY CHISHOLM, pre­ a few of the changes to which Social Security OF FLORIDA sented these arguments far more elo­ has successfully responded. No strict insur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance system could so readily adapt to chang­ quentlY than I in a recent Wall Street ing social conditions and resulting human Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Journal column. I urge my colleagues to needs. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, in the in­ heed her words before making this vote: USE OF GENERAL REVENUES terests of clarity, I am including in the [From the Wall Street Journal, Apr. 26, 1976] The use of general tax revenues offers the REcORD a revised personal financial THE DAY CARE DILEMMA best solution to the three problems of the statement for 1976 for my wife, Joan, and (By SHmLEY CHISHOLM) Social Security system mentioned above-­ the tax problem, the benefit problem, and myself: Economists who evaluate the governmental the deficit problem. PERSONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT costs of social welfare programs present (As of March 31, 1976) varied analyses of both the cost effectiveness It solves the tax problem by making it and the residual potential of such programs possible not only to halt further increases ASSETS Cash, $24,856. as AFDC, Medicaid and foOd stamps. There in FICA tax but to provide reductions ln is, in my opinion, widespread acceptance that unfair tax. This would provide impor­ U.S. Government Securities, $10,000. Israel Bonds, $1,000. that some public monies must be applied to tant tax relief for low and middle income the problems of the poor and the near-poor workers. Another benefit would be to en· Loans and Notes Receivable in this country. The debate surrounding courage additional hiring. A reduction in William Lehman Leasing, $50,000, Work· these "people programs" centers on how the payroll tax for both employers and em· ing Capital Loan. much should we spend, and what do we ployees would provide tax relief to industry William Lehman, Jr., $165,000 Purchase expect to get in return. for the creation of more jobs. These in turn William Lehman Buick Stock. Should we measure the success of social would provide additional federal revenue to Stocr..s and Securities welfare programs by how many low-income finance Social Security. I would propose a families enter the middle class? Or, should phased-in use of general tax revenues with a 1,050 Preferred William Lehman Buick, present market value $105,000. we acknowledge that we will always have low­ goal of paying one-third of the system's cost income unemployables whose livelihood must from this source within the next seven to 10 100 Common William Lehman Buick, pres· ent market value $188,075. depend upon government subsidies? I con­ years. tend that those of us engaged in this debate I believe that this could be done without 44.5 Common William Lehman Used Cars, present market value $35,416. have not adequately solved this dilemma, nor new taxes and without substantially in­ have we found meaningful ways to accommo­ creasing the federal government's debt. To Real Estate date an economy which, even in the most understand how, look at the pattern of the Condominium, present market value $55,- prosperous of times, defines "full employ­ last 10 years. We have seen substantial re­ 900, less lien $43,700, net $12,200. ment" as 4 % unemployed. ductions in federal income tax rates and sub­ Studio, present market value $25,000, less I have long been an advocate for federal stantial increases in the Social Security tax lien $7,571, net $17,429. support of many of these life-sustaining pro­ rate. By eli.minating a good part of future Total assets, $660,247. grams for reasons other than the monetary income tax reductions we could gradually LIABILITmS return to society. But, the current adminis­ lower the Social Security tax. In recent years, tration has sought to make the poor the most the trend has been to lower the progressive Notes payable expendable dUring the current recession, income tax and increase the regressive so­ William Lehman Buick, $59,254. arguing that we must cut health, education cial Security tax. I am proposing to keep the William Lehman Used Cars, Inc. $66,820. and social services budgets because we can federal income tax rates relatively level and Time Credit Co., $13,000. no longer "afford" them. Because of the lack 11712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 of persuasion those human arguments seem the attempt to upgrade these child care ridden when Congress resumes after the Eas­ t o have, given the current national mood facilities actually created a mechanism ter recess, they will face nearly insurmount­ of fiscal conservatism, I have found myself through which a good portion of day care able fiscal problems. President Ford and his justifying social service outlays on a cost­ centers could be closed down-since centers economic advisers have been advocating a effective basis. out of compliance with federal guidelines posture which is supposed to bring us out of These programs are defensible because stand to lose their funding. the worst economic crisis in 40 years. Yet, they contain a savings potential-if we ad­ Last fall, faced with that predicament, by his action on this bill, he missed an ob­ minister them properly and fund them ade­ Congress suspended the enforcement of staff vious opportunity to relieve the welfare quately. ratio requirements on the assumption that rolls, decrease unemployment, and help two A LACK OF UNDERSTANDING these federal requirements were the ones million of our most needy youngsters in the centers were not complying with. A state-by­ process. Yet, for all the preponderance with tax state survey conducted by the Senate how­ savings, there is a basic lack of understand­ ever, provided some surprising results. The ing of the economics of welfare among some · Senate survey found that most states were LITTLE LEAGUE DAY of my own colleagues and, especially, the close to compliance with staffing require­ current administration. Nowhere has that ments, but were in need of funds to meet been more evident than in the day care crisis health, safety and nutritional standards­ HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO now brewing. And President Ford, by vetoing regulations which had not been suspended. the Day Care Services Act earlier this month, Senators Long of Louisiana and Mondale OF :ILLINOIS made a decision that is not only politically of Minnesota co-authored legislation which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unwise, but financially unsound. For without would remedy the problem. Their bill, the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 this legislation, we are guaranteed retro­ Day Care Services Act (H.R. 9803), was de­ active financial penalties imposed on state signed to provide the monies the states re­ Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, the simple budgets, increased welfare costs, and more ported that they needed in order to bring pleasures of life and the continuity pro­ unemployment. their centers into compliance with federal vided by traditions are essentials for our More than any other social welfare pro­ requirements. gram, day care is tied directly and specifically well-being these days if we are to with­ Since the operation of day care is linked stand the onslaught of constant change to the labor market. Through provisions of to work availability and incentives, Long Title 20 of the Social Security Act, we sub­ and challenges to our routines and life­ and Mondale included a provision which al~ sidize the child care women need in order lows states to hire welfare mothers for those styles. to participate in the labor market. A large staff positions which were open. They cor­ So along with welcoming spring, I en­ percentage of the children enrolled in these thusiastically welcome the opening of an­ centers are from families which have long rectly assessed that this would result in ad­ histories of welfare dependency but which ditional savings to state and local govern­ other Little League baseball season. Hav­ are now entering the middle class because ments by decreasing welfare outlays. ing now ·gained the stature generally of the availab111ty of child care facilities. THE EFFECT OF THE VETO reserved for the big guys in the majors, There has been only a modest commit­ Since the President vetoed this bill, how~ Little League can be mentioned right ment on the part of the government to pro­ ever, we can expect welfare costs to soar. In along with mom and apple pie as a staple vide this necessary program, despite the fact some states half the day care centers with of our culture. It blossoms in the spring that the need is escalating because of the Title 20 enrollments will be closed. The state as predictably as daffodils and spring changing nature of the American family. of Illinois, where HEW auditors are right now, fever. The social portrait of the nuclear family in reports that of the 40,000 children now being which the father is the breadwinner and the served by this program, 35,000 will no longer I applaud the young people participat­ mother remains at home happily tending have facilities available. ing in Little League and commend its the kids might be the idyllic vision of family In addition, states will be assessed pen­ supporters because of the significant con­ life represented on television and in our alties totaling their operating budget for tribution Little League makes to the literature. But that view is far from reality. each month they are out of compliance with healthy development of youth. It pro­ In the past decade, for example, the num­ any one regulation. Thus, if a program is vides a necessary sense of accomplish­ ber of single-parent households increased found in violation of health standards in ment and the discipline of physical chal­ 10 times more than two-parent families. This June of 1976, that center will not only be lenge along with teaching first hand the translates into a national situation in which closed, but the state can be fined by the one in every seven children is raised in a federal government penalties back to Octo· requirements of teamwork and the spirit family in which the father-because of death, ber 1975, and will be forced to pay money of competitiveness. divorce, separation or out-of-wedlock already spent. For states out of compliance This Sunday, May 2, is Little League births-is absent. Most of these families are with staff ratio requirements, fines will be Day in Illinois as the West Lawn Little beaded by women, and a large percentage imposed back to February, 1976, the date the League officially begins its season, start­ fall below the poverty line. suspension of these requirements was lifted. ing with a parade in Chicago prior to It is this group, then, which stands to The cost of back penalties to the states the first pitch in Marian Fathers' Field. benefit from day care expenditures, since is enough to cripple their social service budg­ This is a t~·adition begun in 1969 when the dual role of caring for children while ets for some time to come. Add to this the providing their financial support falls to number of women who will return to welfare then Gov. Richard Ogilvie first noted these women. With subsidized day care, they because they will have no place for their the West Lawn opening as the official can be assured that their children are cared children to go, and it is obvious that we will day of recognition for the Little League, for and can join the labor market and be­ be facing a crisis of major proportions at a and each year since the Governor has come taxpaying citizens. Without it, they time when we are supposed to be embarking so proclaimed the day. Responsible for find that their best option is to collect wel­ on plans for economic recovery. this special recognition for the West fare and care for their children themselves. If there is any one program that is a The availability of day care has resulted Lawn Little League are former president proven cost-effective investment into the of the West Lawn League, Gregory Ser­ in transferring thousands of women from lives and welfare of our lower-income fam­ welfare rolls into fulltime jobs, and of cut­ ilies it is day care; more than any other ratore and Mrs. Dolores Giannini, a sup­ ting the cost of welfare in the process. Now, program, day care provides the impetus for porter of the league. They were likewise because of a series of events, day care pro­ women to break the devastating cycle of . instrumental in 1969 in getting Mayor grams may be severely curtailed and the poverty which ha.s relegated them and their Richard J. Daley to similarly proclaim women who have been able to utilize child children to lives of despair. Whatever our the opening day of the season-the first care will be forced back onto the welfare rolls. national objectives for welfare spending are, Sunday in May-as Little League Day. The emergency is one of a budgetary na­ we can count on day care to provide a direct Competition for the West Lawn Little ture. In 1972, President Nixon imposed a ceil­ monetary return and, at the same time, ing on federal spending for day care which enhance the quality of life for our greatest League began back in 1958 on fields has not been amended to accommodate the natural resource-our children. loaned through the kindness of the Mar­ growing costs of personnel, facility mainte­ Obviously, the need for day care will not ian Fathers. The boys have now played nance and nutritional costs. Thus, federally­ go away. Our current economic difficulties on the fields for 17 consecutive years and supported centers have been operating on have forced more women-many from mid­ this year marks then· 18th year. Growing budgets fixed four years ago. dle-income families-to look for day care, from its small beginning as a five-team In 19'74, Congress attempted to improve the since they must now work to supplement in­ league, West Lawn is presently a major quality of day care by mandating that day comes rendered inadequate by the spiraling league. Little League composed of siX care centers comply with their own state cost of living. Yet, with his veto. President health and safety codes, and that they ad­ Ford bas eliminated that possibility for these PeeWee's with 84 boys, eight minor teams here to federally-established staff ratio re­ families. with 128 boys, eight major terms with quirements. But Congress did not make funds I am certain that many state offices share 120 boys, seven senior league teams with available in order to let states come into my concern !or the day care program: gov­ 105 boys, and one big league team with compliance with these requirements. And so ernors know that, unless this veto is over- 18 boys. A mil 2s, 191 6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11 'l13 The league has proved itself out5tand­ ernment worker would never know-not for cated a whole generation of young ing in tournament competition, winning certain-whether he or she was, for ex­ Americans in the concept of excellence the district title 10 of its 17 years, win­ ample, passed over for promotior.. because of in a failure to be a campaign workhorse. in themselves. I know of few men ning sectional titles in 1968, 1972, and Government workers are the ones who my l.ife who were as meticulous and as 1973, and winning the State titles in 1968 will be affected by this very serious legis­ demanding in performance as Mr. and 1972. West Lawn finished second in lation. It seems to us that simple justice Bredenberg. It was easy for him to do so 1968 in the northern region, comprised of demands that their views on this issue be because he applied the same standards 13 States; came in second in 1972 in the unmistakably clear. first to himself. While he certainly de­ Central region, and in 1973 second in the serves a pleasant retirement, he is one State tournament. of those men whose absence from daily I am sure my colleagues will join me in RETIREMENT OF MR. RALPH classes will be a significant loss to the commemorating Little League Day inn­ BREDENBERG parents and children living in the area linois and in wishing the West Lawn of Capuchino High School. He also ha Little League another successful season. my own sincere best wishes for a satisfy­ HON. LEO J. RYAN ing life in this change in his career. OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A TIME FOR CAUTION Wednesday, April 28, 1976 MR. LLOYD HOLMLIN Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on the evening HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI of May 1 the students of Capuchino HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO OF ILLINOIS High School in San Bruno, Calif. will be OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paying special tribute to Mr. Ralph Bredenberg, director of the Capuchino IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 28, 1976 High Marching Band, on the occasion Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, to­ of his retirement from that school. Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, many morrow is the day we separate the men Mr. Bredenberg has served the San events worth noting are somehow tinged from the boys. Those who are for freedom Mateo Unified High School District since with both joy and sorrow. Such is the from coercion for Federal employees 1951 and is a native of Turlock, Calif. He occasion of the retirement party for an will vote to sustain the President's veto had many years of musical ~perience of H.R. 8617. before coming to Capuchino High School unselfish and dedicated' community The Catholic Standard published a including serving as director of the 525th leader. great editorial on Thursday, Novem­ U.S. Air Force Band at Sheppard Field, On May 5 in Blue Island, TIL a ban­ ber 13, 1975, which is still pertinent and Tex., and director of the community quet will be held to honor the retiring valid, and I want to bring it to the at­ band in Chowchilla, Calif. In an etrort executive secretary of the Blue Island to broaden his knowledge and thereby Chamber of Commerce Mr. Lloyd Holm­ tention of the Members: lin. It will be an evening of festive high A TIME FOR CAUTION enrich the learning of his students, Mr. Bredenberg in 1970-71 traveled in the spirits, I am sw·e, as memories are The move to repeal the Hatch Act is, we shared and anecdotes recalled. But wha believe, loaded with boobytraps and should United States and abroad in order to be made only after a referendum of gov­ familiarize himself with the musical pro­ a sense of loss the organization and its ernment workers clearly indicates their sup­ grams of various schools. members sutrer when one of such talent port of such a repeal. From a personal standpoint, Mr. and capacity for giving withdraws from The Hatch Act forbids federal and District Bredenberg's retirement is a kind of an active leadership position. As one of government employees from running or Mr. his friends remarked: office or working on behalf of a party-backed milestone for me. B.," as he is known his The loss of this dynamic man to our candidate. The Act was passed in 1939 and to all of friends and to his students, Chamber is indeed bad news for us. ha.s been upheld in court. The main argu­ began teaching at Capuchino High ment put forward for repealing it is that it School shortly before I came to that Mr. Holmlin was an original founder· makes second-class citizens of government school as a teacher in 1951. Ralph of the Blue Island Chamber and has workers by denying them some rights en­ Bredenberg and I became professional served as executive secretary for 25 joyed by others. colleagues and good friends during the years. Now, he can look with satisfaction There's no disputing the fact that govern­ 10 years we were together at Capuchino. on how his organization has grown and ment workers do give up certain rights. But Certainly one of the most memorable ou1· primary reason for being wary about take special pride in the role he played repealing the Hatch Act is that it protects events in his life and in mine, too, was in shaping this fine community-spirited government workers from exploitation. The the year that the Capuchino High School group. abuses that led to passage of the Hatch Act Band represented the entire State of From the smallest of beginnings, the seem to us to be lurking over the horizon, California in the Kennedy inauguration group has grown to an active commu­ waiting to reappear. celebration on January 20. 1961. No one nity organization with 300-paid mem­ Those who work for the government are who was present on that occasion can berships, placing it among the most suc­ civil servants. They serve the public. Their forget the sight of 128 young men and cessful in the State of lllinois. It is one jobs and their advancement or lack of it women marching up Pennsylvania Ave­ should not be tied in with their willingness of only two chambers in the greater or unwillingness to work for or contribute nue in the bitter cold of that afternoon. Chicago metropolitan area that is an money to a colleague or superior who's cam­ The quality of the band on that occasion associate office of the U.S. Department paigning for office. is simply the standard which Mr. "B." of Commerce, making it eligible for all Proponent-s of the legislation to repeal the has always insisted upon in his work that Department's publications and re­ Act assure us that there are built-in pro­ throughout his entire professional sulting in a fine library for its members. tections to avoid abuses. But we all know, career. His band also participated in the As is often the case with our ablest or should know by now, that in govern­ Tournament of Roses Parade in 1966. On community contributors, Lloyd has not ment ch·cles what starts out as optional all several occasions the band has appeared limited himself to one arena of activity. too often becomes mandatory. A govern­ in Disney parades and received awards ment worker could be told that just because His presence has been felt throughout his or her superior is running for office, and special recognition for their out­ the area through his involvement in nu­ there's really no obligation for said worker standing abilities. merous community organizations. to support the superior or contribute to the In addition, they have received a He is a member and has held office in campaign treasury. Of course, it's true that multitude of awards for their participa­ the Masonic Lodge 716, Elks Lodge 1331, nearly everybody else in the office is also a tion in numerous State and local com­ Grace United Methodist Church Men's campaign worker, but don't let that influence petitions and special events. Club, Blue Island Lions, Blue Island you ... Certainly, Mr. Ralph Bredenberg has Planning Commission, Friends of the It you think that won't happen, then you're more optimistic about political cam­ played an important role in the lives of Blue Island Library, Blue Island His­ paigns than we are. In our view, the courts many of the students at Capuchino High torical Society, the Association of Peo­ almost certainly would be glutted with School. Not only has he trained thou­ ple, and the Blue Island Deacons Club. cases charging intimidation or coercion. sands of young men and women to be Clearly, here is a person of generous And in many, many more instances a gov- accomplished musicians, but he has edu- spirit and warmth, and I know my col- 11714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 leagues Jom with me in commending their misfortune that 1s owed to imports. a group which identifies itself with the him for his accomplishments and con.. It 1s always easier to blame the foreigners acronym "TRIM." At that time I iden­ tributions and in wishing him well.. for lost sales, rather than other causes lylni closer to home. The government then finds tified this organization as a political arm deserved happiness in the future. itself dealing with a hotly emotional cam­ of the right to work movement. Subse­ paign to "save jobs" from foreign invasion. quent to that time I received corre­ when it knows perfectly well that--again, spondence from the National Right To a.s in the shoe case-no tariff is going to Work Committee informing me that FORD MADE THE RIGHT DECISION rescue the small and declining American they had no knowledge of the existence ON TRADE manufacturers. The narrow interest lies in of such a group. I regret having made the preservat ion of markets, businesses and these misinformed comments, and I wish employment, which lends itself to flag­ waving. The national interest is expressed to apologize to the members of the right HON. PAUL FINDLEY only in the abstra.ctions of foreign policy to work movement for this error. OF ILLINOIS and t he inflation statistics. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the shoe case, the ferocious tariffs that three of the trade commissioners proposed, Wednesday, April 28, 1976 and that the industry wanted, would have THE BEST WAY TOWARD Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ cost American consumers several billion dol­ NEW JOBS ican consumer should applaud the Presi­ lars a. year. The impact on the inflation tate dent's decision to keep the trade doors would have been severe. The tariffs would open. Mr. Ford's refusal to recommend also have cut down sharply on the range of HON. GUY VANDER JAGT styles available to the buyer. Here Mr. Ford's OF MICHIGAN tariffs on shoe imports will save the con­ decision was made a little less dimcult, in sumer dollars at the shoe store. It will political terms, by the emergence of an ef­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preserve the consumer's right to choose fective and well-heeled counterlobby of shoe Wednesday, April 28, 1976 from a selection of both American and retailers, who accurately argued that the foreign produced products at a com­ tarUis might endanger as many jobs in the Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, I fortable price. stores as they tried to preserve in the fac­ am pleased to add my fullest support in The policy signal sent to our trading tories. At the same time the tar11fs would behalf of those speakers in recent days partners was positive for the American have had a drastic effect abroad. The largest here in the House advocating passage of exporter of shoes to the United States Ja the Jobs Creation Act, H.R. 12802, and farmer. He is dependent on the market­ Italy, whose economy is already in a pro­ place both at home and abroad for a fair found recession that may shortly bring the the need for capital formation in gen­ price for his product. The President's Communist Party into omce there. eral. I have been an enthusiastic cospon­ decision sets a positive policy position Even 1! this country had been prepared to sor of this legislation which could have for the trade negotiations. bear all these di1Ierent kinds of costs, it is such good and profound implications for U we expect fair treatment from our extremely questionable that the tariffs the economic well-being of our country. would actually have helped many working As the principal mover of this legis­ trading partners, we must treat them people. Even the International Trade Com­ as we would want them to treat us. lation-Congressman JAcK KEMP-has mission doubted that protection could have 103 Erecting tari1f and quota balTiers is not done much for the small companies. As !or indicated previously, we now have co­ the way to proceed. As a recent Wash­ the big ones, they have evidently been com­ sponsors of the Jobs Creation Act. I, of ington Post editorial points out, the peting quite successfully with the imports. course, have been included on the identi­ President rightfully rejected the protec­ Mr. Ford has decided two major interna­ cal measure, H.R. 8054 introduced nearly tionist route in the shoe "ase. tional trade cases in the past several weeks. a year ago, June 19, 1975. An editorial supporting the President's Of the two, the specialty steel issue involved In my position as a member of the much less money directly. But perhaps it House Committee on Ways and Means, decision from the April22, 1976 Washing­ cast the longer shadow, since the outcome ton Post follows: there may turn into a. precedent for the steel there have been many opportunities dur­ THE RIGHT DECISION ON TRADE industry as a. whole. The International Trade ing debate on tax reform and other re­ President Ford faced an extremely un­ Commission had recommended quota protec­ lated issues to become totally convinced comfortable choice in the shoe tarUI case. tion for the specialty steel makers. Mr. Ford that the future of this Nation is severely He answered it exactly the right way. Other­ instead is going to try to negotiate import threatened from within unless we recog­ wise all of us would very shortly have found limits with the countries that ship steel here. nize and meet the challenges to our free ourselves paying more for shoes. Mr. Ford It is an anticompetitive market-sharing enterprise system. Basically, we have and his special trade representative, Fred­ strategy, and a. bad choice. Regarding shoes, chosen in recent years to ignore the most erick B. Dent, are entitled to great credit for in contrast, Mr. Ford has gone the other way fundamental economic concepts and a decision that constitutes both good eco­ and welcomed the expansion of trade. To nomic policy at home and good foreign policy those who may be pushed out of business, have allowed mindless, harmful political in the world. The decision has been greeted he offers exactly the right remedy: adjust­ considerations to determine the direction with the ritual shrieking and fist-shaking ment assistance. of Federal Government programs having by those senators and congressmen whose For individual workers, this assistance the ostensible purpose of providing job constituents work in shoe factories. But the means better unemployment compensation, opportunities for the unemployed. Such tariffs they sought would have given the job retraining and perhaps even help in re­ Federal job palliatives have done no more small shoe companies very little real protec­ locating. For firms, it can mean technical and financial aid to modernize or to switch than provide temporary positions for a tion-and that little bit would have been very limited number of people at a ter­ purchased at inordinate cost to American into other products. Rather than trying to consumers. keep sinking enterprises afloat indefinitely ribly high cost to the taxpayer. I do not Over the years the volume of shoes im­ at the expense of the consumer, it 1s vastly mean to suggest that jobs for the un­ ported into this country has risen substan­ better to use pubilc money to help both employed are unimportant. They are very tially. One reason is the repeated failure of employees and employers escape from obso­ important. We cannot ever be satisfied a good many American manufacturers to lete and declining business into more prom­ with high unemployment rates in this meet new fashions a.s rapidly as their foreign ising ventures. On trade Mr. Ford 1s batting .500 so far country. But at the same time we cannot competitors do. The American manufac­ a1ford to create unproductive temporary turers and the unions demanded government this season. For an election year, that's not protection, and took their case to the Inter­ so bad. jobs. The funds, for which, are simply an national Trade Commission. The six-member income transfer and a drain on the capi­ commission split three ways in its recom­ tal base which could provide long-lasting mendations to the President. That left Mr. APOLOGY FOR ERROR jobs adding to the real wealth of the Ford. in the midst of a.n election campaign, Nation. with a. large question to answer. It is time the public understood that Trade policy Ulustra.tes one of the perennial HON. JOHN H. DENT real wealth can be produced only from perplexities of democracy. The narrow in­ OF PENNSYLVANLA terest is always the most vehement and the savings. The farmer produces no crop most energetic. The broad national interest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unless he secures seed from the previous may be far more substantial, as it was in this Wednesday, April 28, 1976 year. The manufacturer does not add to instance, but it 1s thinly spread over 215 his machinery stock unless he retains million people of whom very few are even Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, on Aprtl 1, earnings from the previous year. Savings aware that it exists. Companies in trouble 1976, during the consideration of H.R. are necessary by some if loans are to be also tend to exaggerate grossly the share of 12406, I made some remarks concerning made to others for new homes. Nations Ap1·it .28, 19t6 EXTENSIO S OF REMARKS 11715 whose savings and reinvestment rates are Be it resolved that on the occasion of Lith­ United States Embassy personnel in Pan­ the highest have experienced the most uanian Independence Day, the 16th of an'la City have come into the Canal Zone to substantial economic · growth over the February, we declare our continuing opposi­ talk with residents, but their visits have not tion to the occupation and enslavement of been entirely satisfactory in the view of the years. the Lithuanian people by the Soviet Union. Zonians. This legislation very effectively en­ We urge the Government of the United "You've got to realize," Mr. Schmidt said com·ages savings and investment. It does States to continue the policy of non-recog­ during an interview, "that many of us were so in a number of ways. First, it provides nition of the occupation of Lithuania in the born here. Our parents, maybe even our tax credits for qualified savings and in­ Soviet Union, and we also express our sincere grandparents, worked on the canal before us. vestments. Second, it enlarges the dollar hope that the day will come when the Lith­ We went away to school, as I did, and then amount for individual retirement ac­ uanian people will be free from Soviet oc­ came back to find our own jobs here. This was cupation. home when we were growing; it is home counts, savings, and bonds. Third, it ex­ now." cludes from gross income of individuals Mr. Speaker, I am proud to note that Job security concerns Zonians. Will a new the dividends received from private cor­ the House of Representatives continues treaty afford them job security? Will such a porations. Fourth, it excludes from tax­ to support efforts leading to the freedom treaty provide for retirement benefits? What able income the first $1,000 of capital of the Lithuanian people. On December 2, of home leave? What about advancement in gains. Fifth, it reduces the corporate in­ 1975, the House passed H.R. 864 on be­ jobs, in salaries, in quarters? come tax rate from 22 to 20 percent and half of all three Baltic States, Estonia, "The e questions just aren't being an­ the corporate surtax from 26 t<> 22 per­ swered," Mr. Schmidt said. "Maybe the nego­ Latvia, and Lithuania. tiators don't know. But we sometimes feel we cent. Sixth, it increases the corporate aren't being listened to when we raise these surtax exemption on a permanent basis issues." to $100,000 from $25,000. Seventh, it in­ Mr. Schmidt says he has talked with Am­ creases the asset depreciation range from THE FORGOTTEN CITIZEN bassador Bunker, others on the negotiating 20 to 40 percent. Eighth, it provides team, and people from the U.S. Embassy in for a new alternative method of ac­ Panama City. celerating capital recovery. Ninth, it pro­ HON. BILL CHAPPELL, JR. vides for a 1-year writeoff of mandated OF FLORIDA pollution control facilities. Tenth, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES estate tax exemption for small businesses Wednesday, April 28, 1976 HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTIO?J" and family farms has been increased 611 AND VETERANS BENEFITS from $60,000 to $200,000 with a 5-year Mr. CHAPPELL. Mr. Speaker, those of deferral, 20-year payment period after us who are concerned about the appar­ deferral and lower rate of interest. ent attempt by State Department officials HON. BERKLEY BEDELL Eleventh, the investment tax credit would to negotiate away the interests of the OF IOWA be 25 percent for businesses with income United States ir.. the Panama Canal will I - THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up to $25,000, 20 percent up to $50,000 be interested in an article by James Nel­ Wednesday, April 28, 1976 and 15 percent above $50,000. Twelfth, son Goodsell which appeared in the capital gains on the sale of small busi­ Christian Science Monitor. The American Mr. BEDELL. Mr. Speaker, we are here nesses would be deferred if those gains citizens who live in the Canal Zone and today to consider House Concurrent Res­ were reinvested in other small businesses. work on the Canal are vitally concerned olution 611 which for the first time al­ Thirteenth, Industrial Development about the negotiations and many of them lows the House to rationally consider in Agency bond interest exemption would feel, as I do, that the United States can­ total the moneys and separate programs increase from issues of $1 million to not compromise its position there. Mr. for which we must eventually vote. issues of $10 million. Speaker, I insert this article into the Moreover, it allows those of us in the RECORD. The article follows: Congress the opportunity to place an All of these benefits would be job stim­ AMERICA'S "FORGOTTEN" CITIZENS IN THE overall sense of priorities on the direc­ ulative. They would stimulate jobs of a PANAMA CANAL ZoNE tions such step-by-step decisions will productive nature. These jobs would be lead us toward. created out of savings and not from in­ (By James Nelson Goodsell) BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE.-Beseiged by One such priority which I believe we come transfers. In both the short and Panama, neglected by Washington-that is must firmly establish is that those re­ long term these benefits will contribute to how American residents of the Panama Canal ceiving veterans benefits have a right the economic well-being of the Nation. I Zone see themselves. to receive the full value of such benefits. urge all other Members of the House to The Zonian, as the Canal Zone resident is Inflation caused decimation of veterans support this legislation. I say let us get called, is apprehensive about current Pan­ disability compensation, veterans pen­ on with the job at hand; let us be pro­ ama-U.S. negotiations over a new treaty to sions and education benefits under the ductive and constructive right here in control the Panama Canal. He feels like the GI bill is in fact a retraction of past Congress; let us pass a bill that best forgotten figure in the negotiations. "We don't know what is going on," com­ commitments made by this Government, serves the unemployed of our country mented a woman in a Canal Zone super­ if left unco1·rected. who seek a decent job; let us enact H.R. market. "My husband comes home at night Unfortunately, the President neglected 12802. and he wonders whether he'll have a job to include such necessary cost-of-living tomorrow. You know how those diplomats increases when he submitted his original are." fiscal year 1977 budget proP.Qsal to the UNITED VETERANS COUNCIL OF She was referring to U.S. Ambassador Ells­ Congress. Nor did he see fit to include PHILADELPHIA SUPPORTS LITH­ worth Bunker, head of the U.S. negotiating such increases in the revised budget mes­ UAN~ ~EPENDENCE team. Other women in the supermarket made sage which he also submitted. similar comments, and all prefened not to be I propose that we do not join in that identified. "It might hurt my husband's job," act of neglect by failing to provide the HON. JOSHUA EILBERG one said. men and women who have already sacri­ OF PENNSYLVANIA But there are spokesmen who do identify ficed to serve this Nation in times of themselves. One is Douglas C. Schmidt, presi­ greatest stress, the means for keeping IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent of the residents' civic council on the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Pacific side of the canal. pace with today's rising costs. "We feel this [negotiation] is a kind of House Concurrent Resolution 611 rep­ Mr. Ell..BERG. Mr. Speaker, the United giveaway program," he said. Most Zonians resents a most promising experiment by Veterans Council of Philadelphia re­ are not convinced that Panama should gain the Congress to impose upon itself the cently adopted a resolution indicating control of the canal, he said, or that sub­ discipline of fiscal responsibility. A guar­ their interest in the continued U.S. policy stantial changes in the control and structure antee of the continuing quality of vet­ of nonrecognition of the occupation of of the Canal Zone itself should be negotiated. erans benefits, undiminished by infla­ Lithuania by the Soviet Union. The reso­ He elaborated, "We are concerned about tion, is essential if we are to be morally the future of the Panama Canal. Many resi­ lution was submitted by Leo R. Bura, who dents feel that we built it, and therefore we responsible as well. is of Lithuanian descent and commander ought to stay here and operate it." Most of At the very least, in the name of fair­ of the Federal Employees Veterans Asso­ the residents are U.S. citizens. ness, we must provide allowance for cost­ ciation. Mr. Schmidt is worried about what he sees of-living increases for these important The resolution adopted: as a lack of information on the treaty talks. programs in the fiscal year 1977 budget. 11716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 TREE AND STAND DEVELOPMENT­ Tree Development-Tree developmental broadly significant period in stand develop­ THE LOBLOLLY PINE rates are inherently different. We are all ment. This period of development for loblolly aware of this and the practical consequences. pine plantations is characterized by a. rapid Sharp contrasts in tree development are change in vegetation dominance and accumu­ HO . GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. shown in the compa.rlsons of loblolly pine lation of dead and decaying organic matter (Pinus taeda), a ubiquitous conifer of warm­ on the soil surface. For example, at planting OF CALIFORNU temperate regions of the southeastern United the site is dominated by grr.sses and herbs, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States and birch (Betula spp.), deciduous but within seven years trees dominate the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 trees of cool to cold temperate regions. The site and dry matter is accumulating at a differences of note here are both the rate and rapid rate in both the trees and the surface Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. the magnitudes associated with time. For orga.nic matter. As will be noted later, these Speaker, terms often mentioned in con­ example, it takes a birch tree 55 years to changes are accompanied by significant shifts nection with forest management are reach a. total weight comparable to a 10-year­ in the pathways and quantities of nutrients "rotation cycle," "allowable cut" and old loblolly pine. Obviously, loblolly pine has within the system. Also of significance here a more rapid rate of growth and a greater is the apparent rapid approach toward equil­ "maturity!' The calculation of a tree's potential for dry matter production. It is ibrium of the surface organic material and or a stand of trees point of maturity, also important to note that development in the fact that it closely follows the pattern of where production of wood fiber has all dimensions is continuous for both. accumulation of stand foliar mass. reached a plateau or begun to decline, is Stand DeveZopment~omparable patterns Comparison of tree and stand develop­ dependent on adequate knowledge of of development in practically all stand ment-In concluding this discussion of stand each species rotation cycle-the cycle characteristics can be seen with these ap­ and tree dynainlcs, it is important to note a from the seedling stage to death-and parently dltferent species. The difference be­ significant dlirerence in their development. tween them is in time-time required to Our concept of production, or stand growth, the decision that a tree or a stand of achieve and pass through a. development is in terms of fixed areas. As a result of this trees has reached the point of allowable stage being shorter for loblolly than for limitation of occupancy, net production or cut is based on the determination of its birch. Thus, as we have already noted for the accumulation in stands rea.ches equllibrium maturity. development of individual trees, there are much earlier than that of individual trees Such calculations are complicated to inherent species dltferences. In fact, we rec­ which necessarily occupy larger areas as they the layman and so I would like to in­ ognize dltferences in rates and magnitudes increase in size. This essential dlirerence is elude in the REcoRD today an article en­ of development for a species by our classi­ reflected in the accretion of dry matter with­ titled "The Mineral Cycle in Forest fications of site productivity. in comparable stand and tree parts. The However, as noted, compara.ble patterns of foliar and stem fra.ction of stands to tends Stands" by G. L. Switzer, L. E. Nelson development are present. One of the striklng to equilibrium after approximately 20 and and W. H. Smith. It summarizes the nu­ common aspects of stand development com­ 50 years, respectively, while that of individ­ trient cycle of the loblolly pine and clari­ mon to all species, which has significance in ual trees continues through the extent of our fied the connection between this fiow the nutrient cycles, is the change with time data. The significance of this difference 1s of nutrients and the development of in the relative distribution of a.ccumulated recognized in silvicultura.l pra.ctice and is trees and stands of trees. dry matter among the stand parts. The fo­ important to keep in mind when contem­ The article follows: liage reaches a. maximum early in the life of plating and evaluating st&nd or tree fertil­ ization. THE MINERAL CYCLE IN FOREST STANDS 1 the stand-around 25 years for loblolly-and then remains fairly constant (ca. 3-4000 kg/ On the basis of comparative development (By G. L. Switzer and L. E. Nelson and ha.). In contrast, the maximum levels of of productive and support tissue, the chief W. H. Smith) stem and branchwood are reached about 20 differences between stand and tree develop­ The pa.thways of nutrients from son years later and are considerably larger. Thus, ment are in the initial three decades. Dur­ through living systems and return is com­ the relative proportions of the stand parts ing this interval the dltferences in the foli­ monly design.a.ted the nutrient cycle. The change considerably as the stand develops. age-stem ratios of the tree and the stand are gross chara.cterization of such cycles within These changes, which are also reflected in the greatest, whlle afterward they are essentially the biosphere and ecosystems is common ratio of foliar to support structure, a.trect the the same. knowledge but in reality the interchange is relative importance of the stand parts in NUTRIENT CYCLING complex and involves many and va.ried sub­ the nutrient cycle and undoubtedly have With this brief refresher of stand and tree ordinate cycles. For exa.mple, in forest eco­ broader biological significance. development and the reminder that nutrient systems it is easy to see that nutrients asso­ Accompanying the changes in the distri­ accumulation, distribution, and cycling ciated with the annual turnover of the foliar bution of dry matter (biomass) during stand within the ecosystem closely parallel that of fra.ction go through shorter cycles than development is a change in the stand popu­ dry matter, let us take a. look at some aspects those associated with woody tissues which lation. A relatively rapid decline occurs dur­ of nutrient cycling. Because of limitations depend upon the dea.th and deca.y of the ing the period of foliage accumulation, while of time and space, N wlll be used to illustrate tree, or parts of it, before returning to the relative constancy is approached during the the principles involved. substrate. Another exa.mple of the complex­ period of stem and bra.nchwood maxima. The Accumulation of macronutrients in the ity of the interchange of nutrients is the slmllarities are further a.mpllfied by the fact standing biomass-During the first 30 years, fa.ct that the cycles are not within closed that the populations of the two species ap­ the quantities of nutrients are accumulated systems; nutrients are added and lost proach equality. in the order, N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S>, whlle (Ovlngton, 1965; Rlckerk and Gessel, 1965; Foresters use the terms current annual during the remaining 30 years there are Bormann and Likens, 1967; Bazilevic and increment and mean annual increment to some changes in the a.ccumulation and the 'Rodin, 1966). express rates of growth. Current annual order becomes N>Ca.>K>Mg>S>P. The A discussion of these complexities could increment is the amount of growth that has rates of uptake of all nutrients are great­ continue at length; su1fice it to say that taken place in one year, whlle mean annual est during the early life of the stand and students of nutrient cycles usually give a growth is the average rate of growth over the by age 45 nutrition is mostly a. matter of lifetime to it and nearly always involve a. life of a stand. The former is useful in pin­ cycling. The maximum rates of uptake of number of colleagues (Remezov, 1956). pointing the period of most a.ctive growth; N occurs during the first 10 years of stand Thus, much of what is discussed in this pa­ the latter is useful for economic analyses. life, of P and K during the second decade, per can be no more than general and you The rates of growth are dlirerent for the and of Ca., Mg, and S during the third dec­ should be aware tha.t the bulk of this 3-day various parts of the loblolly pine stand and ade. Uptake of N, P, and K more closely program is related, in detall or superficially, the maximum rates for all parts occur before follows canopy development, whlle that of to specifics of mineral cycles. 30 years. Maximum rates of growth, as indi­ Ca., Mg, and S follows stem dry matter accu­ The intent of this short paper is to lllus­ cated by current annual increment, occur mulation. A large fraction of theN, P, and K trate some of the fundamental aspects of earliest in the crown components-the foilage is apparently translocated, both within the the subject. Comprehensive llterature re­ and branches-which are the largest nutrient biomass and within all parts of the system, views of nutrient cycling are available else­ sinks during this period of development. while a large fraction of the Ca, Mg, and s is where. Current annual increments decline sharply immoblllzed in the woody parts of the tree. DYNAMICS OF TREES AND STANDS after this formative period, particularly for Thus, there appear to be dltferences in the Since mineral circulation is closely linked stems and branches, whlle rates of foliage rates of cycling of the various nutrients. to dry matter production and a.ccumula.tlons production tend to become constant. These Total N content of trees and stands-The of the biomass, lnltla.lly lt seems appropriate data indicate that growth (and nutrient total amount of N contained in a tree in­ to consider some of the salient aspects of demands) is greatest during the early or creases with age; the rate of accumulation the dynamics o! tree and sta.nd development formative years of the stand and may have within the dlirerent parts of a tree is highest and then conclude with the associated nu­ impllcations regarding fertllization. for the stems, lowest for the foliage, and in­ trient cycling. The preemption of old-field habitats by termediate for the branches. This re­ plantations or natural stands ls a common sults in a relatively htgh proportion o! phenomenon of management and natural the N in the foliage early in the life of the 1 Journal Contribution No. 1535. Miss. Agr. succession. The change in vegetation on such tree and a smaller proportion as the tree Exp. station. ha.bita.1s-from grassland to forest-is a. matures. Ap1·il 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11717 The maximum accumulation of N in the CONCLUSION Since Phoebe's arrival in Los Angeles foliage occurs early in the life of the stand The principles presented here with ex­ in 1969, she has continued to study, and then decreases slightly. In contrast, ac­ amples from a loblolly pine ecosystem are in­ cumulation in branches and stems contin­ paint and sell her work. She enrolled in tended to emphasize the importance of the Art Center School of Design, and has ues until late in the life of the stand, when ecosystem concept and the dynamic processes the rate diminishes. Tissue concentrations involved in the conversion of nutrients and painted for several years under the guid­ exhibit little change with stand age. Thus, energy by a forest (trees and stands)-not ance of Prof. Paul Souza of Art Center. the patterns of nutrient accumulation are only in terms of harvestable timber but in Ms. Beasley's paintings have a tex­ mainly reflections of both dry matter ac­ the broadest terms of benefit to man. The tured quality. She mixes paper and pic­ cumulation and changes in the relative dis­ forester must have a better grasp of the dy­ tures along with paint, pen and ink, even tribution among the tree and stand parts. namic processes of the ecosystem for an un­ pencil in her paintings. The accumulation of nutrients by agro­ derstanding and full employment of such Much of Phoebe's work :b.as been com­ nomic crops is known to be associated with sllvicultural manipulations as fertilization the stage of plant and stand development. that are available. missioned. This included works in the Similarly, accumulation of nutrients by the collection of Mr. and Mrs. William A. tree portion of a forest ecosystem is modi­ LITERATURE CITED Burke of Los Angeles and an extensive fied by the stage of tree development and Bazilevic, N. I., and L. E. Rodin. 1966. The collection owned by the Seattle show's biological cycle of nitrogen and ash elements the composition of the competing flora on sponsor, B~ll Russell. the site. Nitrogen accumulation patterns are in plant communities of the tropical and similar to dry matter accretion patterns and subtropical zones. (Trans. by W. Linnard). For. Abstr. 27:357-368. thus N in the system shifts from the herba­ SPACE SPLNOFFS ATID ~ ceous plants to the stand fractions during Bormann, F. H., and G. E. Likens. 1967. Nu­ development. For example, at establishment, trient cycling. Science 155:424-429. 75 kg is contained in the herbaceous mate­ Miller, H. G. 1966. Current research into the HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE rials and five years later 75 kg is still in the nitrogen nutrition of Corsican pine. In Phys­ flora but in different plant materials. Shortly iology in Forestry. Supplement to Forestry OF TEXAS after crown closure, at about 7 years, N ac­ 38:70-77. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cumulation in the trees and surface organic Ovington, J. D. 1965. Organic production, Wednesday, April 28, 1976 matter increases sharply. This rapid accre­ turnover and mineral cycling in woodlands. tion continues until about 20 years and Bioi. Rev. 40:295-336. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Jon reaches a total of ca. 220 kg in the above­ ---, and H. A. I. Madgwlck. 1959. The Donnelly of the Richmond News Leader ground portion of the ecosystem. Over the growth and composition of natural stands of wrote an interesting article dealing with same period soil N increased by 1200 kg/ha, birch. I. Dry matter production. Plant and space spinofis and how they are con­ the bulk of which occurred during the period Soil10:271-283. tributing to contemporary society. I am of maximum surface organic matter accumu­ Remezov, N. P. 1956. The role of the bio­ lations. The annual increase of N in the eco­ logical circulation of the elements in soil convinced that the technology transfers system during the 20-year period was 70 formation under the forests. Trans. Int. Cong. have more than paid for the cost of the kg/ha. Soil Sci., 6th Cong. Paris Vol. E:269-274. space program and I urge my colleagues The general impression is that the quan­ Rickerk, H., and S. P. Gessel. 1965. Mineral to read this interesting article: tities within the various fractions of the eco­ cycling in a Douglas-fir forest stand. Health SPACE SPINOFFS Am MAN systems are comparable. An exception is in Physics 11: 1363-1369. (By Jon Donnelly) the quantities accumulated in the forest Smith, W. H. 1965. Seasonal growth and :floor. This difference would be expected from nitrogen accumulation by loblolly pine It's difficult to imagine a more diverse the climatic differences between the sites. (Pinus taeda L.) saplings. Ph. D. Diss., Miss. group than an astronaut, a heart disease Within the loblolly pine ecosystems at 20 State Univ., University Microfilms, Inc., Ann victim, a businessman, a housewife, an en­ years is some 2300 kg of N, of which only 20% Arbor, Mich. vironmentalist and a. hang glider enthusiast. is in the organic fraction; in fact the trees Switzer, G. L., L. E. Nelson, and W. H. A bond, however, does exist, according to contain only 13% (300 kg). Thus, about Smith. 1966. The characterization of dry the Na.tional Aeronautics and Space Admin­ eight times more N is contained and cycl­ matter and nitrogen accumulation by lob­ istration. Each category of person, NASA ing in the entire ecosystem than is contained lolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Soil Sci. Soc Am. says, has benefited significantly from the within the trees. It is interesting to note Proc. 30:114-119. nation's space program. that essentially the same relationship exists In a 104-page document called "Spinoff in the Corsican pine ecosystem. 1976, A Bicentennial Report," the space Annual N circulation-The total N require­ agency summarizes its program to transfer ments of the stand for new tissues {additions space-deve!oped technology and expertise into BILL RUSSELL PRESENTS THE other areas of national life. and replacements) is ca. 70/kg/ha of which PAINTINGS OF PHOEBE 38 kg comes from the soil. The remainder of These technology transfers, NASA says, theN is translocated from tree parts--chiefly "are all around us" and "have more than paid foliage-prior to loss as Utter materials. The Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke for the cost of space Inissions." lost materials contain about 30 kg of N; thus, Examples cited include cardiac pacemakers uptake less that returned in litter equals ac­ OF CALIFORNIA for heart disease victims; sophisticated com­ cumlation within the trees-at this age, some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES puters for businessmen; labor-saving devices for housewives; improved resource conserva­ 8 kg/ha. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Thus, the quantity of N cycling within the tion for environmentalists and the basic de­ system is ca. 9 times (70 vs 8) greater than Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. sign of hang gliders, which are growing in the quantity being immobilized within the Speaker, Bill Russell, general manager popularity. standing trees. Other portions of the system, and head coach of the Seattle Super AGENCY'S ROLE While claiming a share of the credit for the forest :floor etc., also incorporate large Sonics presented the i~aintings of Los quantities of N; thus, there must be consid­ technological benefits, NASA notes its mis­ erable N within the system to satisfy the rela­ Angeles business executive Phoebe Beas­ sion has been «civilian from the start." tively small immobilization within the trees. ley. The one woman show opened with From its creation in 1958, the agency's·role An additional significant point regarding an invitational showing on Tuesday, has been to provide "the most effective quantitative aspects of the annual cycle is March 16, 1976. The exhibit was pre­ utilization of the scientific and engineering the amount of nutrients involved in trans­ sented to the public from March 18 to resources" of the nation. location wholly within the sanding biomass­ April 6 at the Polly Friedlander Gallery At the same time, "we believe that much in this case estimated as same 30 kg of N/ha. in Poineer Square, Seattle, Wash. more can be done to improve the transfer This N, involved in an internal cycle, is 1\Is. Beasley. an account executive at process, and are dedicated to making it hap­ translocated from the older foliage prior to pen," the Bicentennial report says. abscission and utilized in the production of KFI radio, authors her paintings in If the space program's advances during new tissues. This internal cycling is probably "Phoebe." She began her art career in its 19-year history had been limited to space just as significant in deciduous species. her hometown of Cleveland, Ohio, where alone, the multibllllon-dollar cost still Differences chiefly involve the quantities. she attended Cleveland Institute of Art would be justified, NASA says. For, example, during the fifth year of de­ while she was enrolled at John Adams The challenge of putting a man on the velopment of a loblolly pine plantation High School. Phoebe majored in paint­ moon stimulated the nation, enhanced the (Smith, 1965) the difference in uptake and ing at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. economy and contributed to man's knowl­ return of N 1s 20 kg/ha. At the same time, She received her bachelor of fine arts edge of the earth and the universe, the re­ uptake and return of N by herbaceous plants port says. is 25 kg/ha. Similarly we know that as in 1965 and taught high school art for Closer to home are the thousands of satel­ stands differentiate and approach maturity, 4 years. Her work has most often been lites that have been launched. At the begin­ uptake by the understory and other plants exhibited at the renowned Karamu Gal­ ning of this year, 375 of the 750 units orbit­ of the succession becomes significant. ley in Cleveland. ing earth were put there by the u.s. CXXII--74o-Part 10 11718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A pr·il 2 8, 19 1 6 Among the jobs done by these satellites, And if man's environment is being aided fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year the report says, is monitoring weather con­ by space technology, so too are many items 1989. ditions, providing a worldwide communica­ involved in his recreational pursuits, NASA tions system, improving air and sea naviga­ says. If my amendment passes, the L WCF tion and helping in conservation. Materials developed for use in insulating will be increased according to the follow­ ing scale: $300 million in fiscal year 1977; TECHNOLOGICAL AID satellites and spacesuits have been applied to sportmen's outdoor clothing and equip­ $450 million in fiscal year 1978; $500 mil­ But space technology spinoff has ex­ ment. A composite material considered for tended beyond those levels, the NASA report lion in fiscal year 1979; $600 million in use in the upcoming spa~e shuttle program fiscal year 1980; and $600 million in each says. is being incorporated into golf clubs and re­ At least 75 nations are receiving techno­ fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year portedly results in easier swings and better 1989. logical aid that can be traced to the space control, according to NASA. program. The aid ranges from improved med­ And not to be forgotten is the popular You will note that both the bill as ical treatment to better farming equipment written and my amendment do not in­ and techniques, to increased industrial pro­ hang glider, which was designed as a possible means of recovering spacecraft. NASA credits crease the LWCF in fiscal year 1977. This ductivity. In the field of medicine, the best known the design to Francis Rogallo who, at the has been done deliberately in order to space spinoff probably is the cardiac pace­ time, was based at Langley Research Center "ease" the increases into the administra­ maker, "an outgrowth of miniaturized solid­ in Hampton. tion's budget plans for the future. There state circuitry developed for spacecraft," ac­ is no increase recommended in author­ cording to NASA. AMENDMENTS TO BE OFFERED TO ized outlays for the President's budget in Following close on the original heart stim­ fiscal year 1977 for the LWCF. ulator is a unit that is rechargeable through H.R. 12234 the skin and that eliminates the need for I hope my colleagues will see the wis­ repeated surgery. . dom in cutting back on the ultimate au­ Paramedics equipped with emergency un1ts HON. JOE SKUBITZ thorization level by $200 million. I admit called "Telecare" are able to bring vital car­ OF KANSAS that I, too, am tempted to want even diopulmonary facilities to the scene of heart IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more funds from the offshore drilling re­ attacks. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 ceipts in order to promote parks and rec­ The unit is a spinoff of the Skylab pro­ reation. But the hard fact is that these gram, says the report. It also has been in­ Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, when the dollars will have to be made up with corporated into a new cardio-alert program House considers H.R. 12234, to amend in which a heart attack victim's data is either increased taxes or more deficit transmitted electronically from the scene to the land and water conservation fund, spending. By asking for so much so soon a hospital's coronary care unit. tomorrow, I will offer two amendments for the LWCF, we jeopardize the entire Other medical spinoffs from space, NASA which, if passed, may save the bill from bill to a veto. I am not certain that even notes, include new electrodes used in electro­ a likely veto. the $600 million will be acceptable to the cardiograms and other hospital instruments; The first amendment I intend to offer President, but it is far more reasonable the use of high frequency sound as a possi­ is supported by my friend and colleague, than the $1 billion already passed by the ble replacement for potentially harmful the chairman of the Subcommittee on X-rays, and technology which now allows Senate for next fiscal year. doctors to fight cancer by being able to National Parks, RoY TAYLOR, who has The second amendment I will offer freeze disease-fighting blood cells and bone worked very hard on this bill. The simply strikes out the meddlesome marrow. amendment would cut the ultimate an­ changes which the bill would make to the Other areas of life have benefited in com­ nual increase in authorization for the current distribution formula. This for­ parable measure, according to NASA, which land and water conservation fund from mula is used by the Secretary of Interior says the computer industry "is probably the $800 to $600 million. Even this lower greatest nonaerospace spinoff from space to distribute that portion of the LWCF figure is twice the size of the current which belongs to the States. If H.R. technology." LWCF annual authorization. The full Computers and calculators have "increas­ 12234's changes in this formula are ed productivity throughout the world" in text of the amendment is: passed into law, 36 less populous States virtually all businesses and industry, NASA On page 2, lines 7 and 8, strike the figures will give up a portion of their share to 14 says. "625,000,000" and "800,000,000" and insert in more populous States. The current for­ Touching the home are such space-age lieu thereof the figures "500,000,000" and mula, based on need, has served us well innovations as integrated circuits used in "600,000,000" 1·espectively. and should continue. When creating most appliances, quartz crystal clocks and What H.R. 12234 does without this parks and recreation areas, need is usu­ watches and energy-saving heating and cool­ amendment is authorize annual incre­ ally more a function of open spaces, ing units. mental increases in the land and water scenic beauty, and natural wilderness Environmentalists, the NASA report says, can look to space technology spinoffs that conservation fund according to this than it is population density. For a quick already are locating and protecting earth's scale: $300 million in fiscal year 1977; and easy reference to the "winners" and natural resources, warning of destructive $450 million in fiscal year 1978; $625 mil­ "losers" under the formula change, I am storms and fires and analyzing and helping to lion in fiscal year 1979; $800 million in including for the RECORD a statistical ref­ improve the quality of air and water. fiscal year·1980; and $800 million in each erence chart:

36 STATES LOSE; 14 STATES GAIN UNDER H.R. 12234 FORMULA CHANGE

Difference between current Current formula, fiscal year New formula, fiscal year formula and H.R.12234 States 1978 1979 1980 1978 1979 1980 (3-yr period)

AlabamaAlaska. ______--______------______----_------__ ------___ $4, 410,450 $6, 125,625 $7, 840, 800 $4,380,450 $5,990,625 $7, 880,800 -$205,000 2, 342,250 3, 253, 125 4, 164,000 2, 229,450 2, 745, 525 3, 261,600 -1,522,800 Arizona_-_------3, 470,850 4, 819,625 6, 170, 400 3,403, 950 4, 519,575 5, 635,200 -902,150 Arkansas •• ------3, 190,050 4, 435,625 5, 671,200 3,110,250 4, 071, 525 5, 032,800 -1,032,300 California ______---____ ----_--_------18,701, 550 25,974, 375 33,247,200 19,258,650 28,481,325 37,704,000 +7, 520,850 Colorado ____ ----_-----______3, 762,450 5, 225,625 6, 688,800 3, 707,250 4, 977,225 6, 247,200 -745,200 Connecticut______------4, 518,450 6, 275,625 8, 032,800 4, 494,450 6, 167, 625 7, 840,800 -324,000 Delaware. _____ ----______---- ______2, 560,950 3, 556,875 4, 552,800 2, 457, 150 3, 089,775 3, 722,400 -1,401,300 Florida •• ____ ------__ --___ ._----____ ------__ --____ • ______7, 396,650 10,273, 125 13, 149, 600 7, 489,650 10,691, 625 13,893,600 +I, 255,500 5, 032,800 6, 990, 000 8, 947,200 5, 027, 100 6, 964, 350 8,901,600 -76,950 ~:~:ij~~ ~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: ::::::::::::::::::: 2, 756,700 3, 828, 750 4,900,800 2, 661,000 3,398, 100 4, 135,200 -1,291,950 Idaho------Illinois ______2, 497, 500 3, 468,750 4, 440,000 2, 390,400 2, 986,800 3, 583,200 - 1,445, 850 10,683,900 14, 538, 750 18,993,600 10, 910,400 15, 858, 000 20,805,000 +3, 357,150 Indiana. ______------___ ------5, 699,700 7, 916,250 10, 132,800 5, 721 , 900 8, 016, 150 10,310,400 +299, 700 Iowa ______------3, 742,200 5, 197, 500 6, 652,800 3, 684,300 4, 936, 950 6, 189,600 -781,650 Kansas .• ______------3,488, 400 4,845, 000 6, 201,600 3,420,900 4, 541,250 5, 661,600 -911,250 4, 024,350 5,589, 375 7, 154,400 3, 977,850 5, 380, 125 6, 782,400 -627,750 ~:~i~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4,579, 200 6, 360,200 8, 140,800 4, 556, 100 6, 256,050 7, 956,000 -312,050 Maine ______---___ --_---_------2, 650,050 3, 680,625 4, 711,200 2, 548,950 3, 225,675 3, 902,400 -1,364,850 Maryland ______------_____ ---_------5, 244,750 7, 284,375 9,324, 000 5, 250,450 7, 310,025 9, 369,600 +76, 950 Massachusetts ______--__ ------6, 650,100 . 9,236, 260 11,822,400 6, 713, 100 9, 519,750 12,326, 400 +850, 490 8, 897,850 12,358, 125 15,818,400 9, 051,450 13,049,325 17,047,200 + 2. 073,600 ~~~~~~~~a~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4,671, 000 6,487, 500 8, 304,000 4, 651,500 6, 399,750 8,148, 000 -263,250 April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11719

Difference between current Current formula, fiSCal year New formula, fiscal year formula and H.R.12234 States 1978 1979 1980 1978 1979 1980 (3-yr period)

3, 217,050 4, 468,125 5, 719,200 3,137, 550 4, 110, 375 5, 083,200 -11 073,,250 ~~~~~:t~~~==:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5, 395,950 7, 494,375 9, 592,800 5, 406, 150 7, 540,275 9, 674,400 -r1 37 700 Montana ______----____ ------2, 516,400 3, 495,000 4,473,600 2, 410,200 3, 017, 100 3, 624, 000 -1, 433, 700 Nebraska·------3, 040,200 4, 222,500 5, 404,800 2, 955,000 3, 839, 100 4, 723,200 -1, 150,200 Nevada ______------__ ------_------2, 536,650 3, 523, 125 4, 509,600 2, 431,950 3, 051,975 3, 672, 000 -1, 413, 450 New Hampshire ______----_____ ----______------2, 546, 100 3, 536,250 4, 526,400 2, 441, 100 3, 063,750 3, 686,400 -1,417,500 New Jersey ______------______-----___ 8, 043,300 11, 171,250 14,299,200 8,163, 900 11,713,950 15,264,000 +I, 628, 100 New Mexico ______----__ ----__ ------_------2, 705,400 3, 757,500 4, 809,600 2, 606, 700 3, 313,350 4, 020, 000 -1, 332, 450 New York ______~ ___ ----______----___ 16,848,000 23,400,000 29,952,000 17,327,700 25, 558,650 33, 789, 600 +6, 475, 950 North Carolina ______------____ ------_ 5,119, 200 7, 110, 000 9, 100, 800 5, 115,900 7, 095, 150 9, 074,400 -44,550 North Dakota. ______----____ ------2, 436,750 3, 384,375 4, 332,000 2, 327,250 2, 891,625 3, 456,000 -1,478,250 OhiO------10,242,450 14,225,625 18,208, 800 10,450,650 15, 162,525 19, 874, 400 +2. 810, 700 Oklahoma. ______------3, 765, 150 5, 229,375 6, 693,600 3, 709,050 4, 976,925 6, 244,800 -757,350 Oregon·------3, 578,850 4, 970,625 6, 362,400 3, 515,850 4, 687, 125 5, 858, 400 -850, 500 Pennsylvania ______------_------11,221,200 15,585,000 19,948,800 11,469,600 16,702,800 21, 936, 000 +3, 353, 400 Rhode Island. ___ ------2, 910,600 4, 042,500 5,174, 400 2, 821,200 3, 640,200 4, 459,200 -1,206,900 South Carolina. ___ -----______------3, 734,100 5, 18~250 6, 638,400 3, 676,500 4, 927,050 6, 177, 600 -777, 600 South Dakota ______------2,466,450 3, 42 '625 4, 384,800 2, 358, 150 2, 938,275 3, 518,400 -1,462,050 Tennessee ______------4, 596,750 6, 384,375 8, 172,000 4, 573,650 6, 280,425 7, 987, 200 -311, 850 Texas·------10,469,050 14, 555,625 18,631,200 10,697,250 15, 533,025 20, 368, 800 +2, 943, 200 Utah ______------2, 937,850 4, 103,125 5, 258,400 2, 870,250 3, 716,925 4, 557,600 -1, 154,600 2, 338,200 3, 247,500 4, 156,800 2, 224,800 2, 737,200 3, 249,600 -1, 530,900 5, 312,250 1, 378,125 9,444, 000 5, 318,850 7, 407,825 9, 496, 800 +89, 100 4, 637,500 4, 460,750 8, 280,000 4, 638,600 6, 383,700 8, 128, 800 -227, 150 ~r~!f~~~i~======:::::::::::::::::::::::: 3,145, 500 4, 368,750 5, 592,000 3, 064,200 4, 002,900 4, 941,600 -1,097,550 ~r:c~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5, 081,400 7, 057, 500 9, 033,600 5, 078,400 7, 044,000 9, 009, 600 -40, 500 2, 289,600 3, 180,000 4, 070,400 2,174, 400 2, 661,600 3, 148,800 -1,555,200 ~rs~:r~r~ic-orumiifa::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 650,700 903,760 1, 156,800 677,400 1, 023,900 1, 370, 400 +360, 440 Puerto Rico ______----______---__ ------1, 629,450 2, 263,125 1, 693,950 2, 3, 412, 800 +870, 750 Virgin Islands ______- __ ------24,500 33,750 8~~: ~~~ 25,200 2, 5~~: ~~~ 50,400 +11, 950 Guam. ______-_------32,400 45,000 57,600 33,600 50,400 67,200 +16, 200 American Samoa. _____ ---___ ._._._.----_------8,100 11,250 14,400 8,400 12,600 16, 800 +4, 050 Contingency __ ---_.---.---.------13,500,000 18,750,000 24,000,000 13,500,000 18,750,000 24,000,000 ------TotaL _____ ------270, 000, 000 375, 000, 000 480, 000, 000 270, 000, 000 375, 000, 000 480,000,000 ------

JOSEPH M. HARP specialized task left over from his days as a PHTI..ADELPHIA ASSOCIATION OF reporter. chronicling divorce suits as they were filed in circuit court. RETARDED CITIZENS HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Amid all the tributes and recollections OF MARYLAND whi<:h have been created by his 50th anni­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG versary on the job, one fact seems to have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES escaped everyone. It's quite possible that no­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Wednesday, April 28, 1976 body will ever equal in the future Harp's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES record for actual time spent on the job as a Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently newspaper journalist in Hagerstown. Joseph M. Harp was honored for his 50 It's doubtful 1! many local journalists will Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, recently years with the Hagerstown Morning achieve a 5oth anniversary in the future, be­ I had the honor of addressing a "town Herald in Hagerstown, Md. His career cause most of them don't begin full-time meeting" sponsored by the Philadelphia with that newspaper has spanned several employment until they're college graduates Association of Retarded Citizens. generations, and Joe Harp's name has and normal retirement comes a little more than 40 years la.ter. It would require at least The purpose of this meeting was to become synonymous in Hagerstown with 60 years on the job, under today's working acquaint persons interested in the wel­ the journalism profession. schedules, for a future journalist to give as fare of retarded children and adults with On Monday, March 29, 1976, the Morn­ much of his time to Hagerstown newspapers government programs at all levels, and ing Herald in a full-page article honored as Harp has accomplished in fi.ve decades. there was an extensive period for ques­ its well-known executive editor. That tions from the audience to a panel of article ended with this tribute, which I experts. would like to share with my colleagues: At this time, I enter into the RECORD a Harp was a believer all along in the im· VOTES MISSED BY REPRESENTA­ summary of the meeting: portance of keeping news stories down to a TIVE JORDAN PARC's TowN MEETING reasonable size. While he was a reporter, his In the best tradition of a town meeting, stories always conveyed essential facts with­ audience participants, including many par­ out the repetitious trimmings that some HON. BARBARA JORDAN ents, let government and other officials know journalists applied to attempt to make the OF TEXAS what they were thinking at the event spon­ story appear bigger than it should be. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sored by the Philadelphia Association for Re· When he became editor, he applied th~ tarded Citizens, PARC, February 121n North­ same philosophy of fat-trimming to the AP Wednesday, April 28~ 1976 east Philadelphia. Distinguished panel mem­ news published in the Hera.ld. Stories which Ms. JORDAN. Mr. Speaker, on April13, bers responded, sharing their concerns, prob­ had once sprawled over much of the first page lems and opinions. and continued inside were cut down to more 1976 I was necessarily absent from the Panel members included Wilbur Hobbs, readable dimensions. :floor. Consequently I missed two re­ deputy secretary of the southeastern region, Harp rose from his starting role of cub re­ corded votes. Had I been present I would Department of Public Welfare; Dr. Leon porter to that of city editor and assistant have voted as follows: Soffer, deputy health commissioner, Philadel­ editor on the Herald, during Baylor's long Rollcall No. 196: Motion to discharge phia's Office of Mental Health and Mental tenure as editor. Late in the 1940's, Baylor Retardation; Dr. Marechal-Neil E. Young, was named general manager of the Herald­ the Committee on Interstate and Foreign associate superintendent, School Distrtct of Mail Company. Commerce from consideration of House Philadelphia; Mrs. Rae Llfschutz. a parent of Harp succeeded him as editor of the Herald, Resolution 1135, relating to exempting a child who Is retarded, vice president of the holding that title for more than two decades. residual fuel oil from price regulations. Philadelphia Association for Retarded Citi­ Around the start of 1973, he was named ex· House vote, 109-272. Jordan vote, no. zens, and mental retardation specialist, Ben­ ecutive editor of both the Herald and Mall. jamin Rush Center for Mental Health and But even after he took on his new front Rollcall No. 197: Motion to recommit the conference report on S. 644, Con­ Mental Retardation; Peter P. Pollont. exec­ office post. Harp continued to keep his hand utive director, Pennsylvania Association for In at actual editing, by handling the Herald's sumer Product Safety Commission Im­ Retarded Cltizena and Ala Guidotti, direc­ editorial page for a year or two longer. He provement Act. House vote. 177-192. tor, PABO Developmental Center. Bernal'd E. also continued to function 1n one highly Jordan vote, no. Featherman, president of PARC, presided. and 11720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976

Bonni Zetick, chief of PARC's social services, WHY THE CITY TtmN BACK FUNDS TO THE STATE institutional services to review the needs of moderated. In response to an audience member who the persons who are institutionalized by de­ Joshua Eilberg, U.S. Representative to Con­ asked why the city turns back funds to the fault rather than as a result of treatment gress, was the main speaker. state, Dr. Soffer responded, "We return money of choice. The other group is the Children Many issues were raised by parents and for the very simple reason that by the time and Youth Advocacy Council (CYAC), a other audience participants. the program gets started sometimes it is late regional lnterdtsciplinary staff group with SLIDING FEE SCALE into the year. Quite frequently what hap­ representatives from all program areas: The sliding fee scale of Title 20 of the Fed­ pens is that in the last two months of the mental health, mental retardation, child eral Social Services Program was a concern fiscal year, May and June, you may be sud­ welfare, etc. The purpose is to find solutions by two fathers. denly notified by the state that you now have for specific problem youngsters in the least One noted that his child was excluded from $100,000 to spend. And there is no way you restrictive alternative for care." a preschool program because of his salary. "If can spend that money on an annualized basis, DR. SOFFER SPEAKS OUT ON COMMUNITY LIVING you make a decent living, you can't put your you are forced to tm·n it back." ARRANGEMENTS children in the program, but if you go on Dr. Soffer explained that, "Programs are Dr. Soffer in assessing the development of welfare and don't pay any taxes, you get funded for the total cost of the year. If you community living arrangements as an alter­ everything available,'' one father said. have $120,000, you spend it at the rate of native to institutionalization said that he is Secretary Hobbs invited this individual to $10,000 per month. I! the program starts up convinced that, "The family living arrange­ submit information in writing so that when in the middle of the year and you were to ments as these are developing in Philadelphia the program regulations are reviewed, these spend that money in six months, you are are infinitely better than permitting some factors could be taken into consideration. spending $20,000 a month and your annual­ persons to reside in large institutions." Another father said he is discriminated ized cost for the next year is $240,000. There He warned, however, that, "Community against in the payments he makes to keep is no assurance that you are going to get that living arrangements can become 'mini' in­ his child in preschool day care. He noted that money from the state. You are bound to ex­ stitutions and even worse than institutions he holds two jobs and has to make higher pend at the level at which you are funded." unless there is adequate State funding and a payments because he works longer hours than A PROPOSAL TO THE LAPSED FUNDS parallel development of homes and sup­ average. PARC offered to review his pay stubs IN THE NEXT YEAR portive ervices in the community such as because payments are based on a representa­ "Why can't the money be 1 etw·ned and recreation, socialization and work oppor­ tive pay stub. used the following fiscal year?" was the fol­ tunities. Title 20 program is a Federal program gov­ low-up question from the audience. "The whole thing must be put togetl'l.er erned by regulations from Washington and Dr. Soffer explained that "The state doeoard, comprising o! Douglas assisted in many efforts to pre­ about 20 members, reached its unanimous Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, William serve our surroundings. decision at a meeting Thursday night. Douglas' departure from the Supreme The life of William Douglas, as the "We're basically a bunch of conservat ives Court marks the conclusion of a pro­ out here," said Don King, vice president of Justice and the man, has validated the Faith Stock Show and Rodeo. "We were lific, controversial, and libertarian ju­ Shakespeare's axiom that "Some men are dicia.l career. His impact on constitu­ talking about $250,000 against $50,000 for us. born great; some achieve greatness; and But the $50,000 that we would need to raise tional jurisprudence, during his 36%­ some have greatness thrust upon them." to cover this is about what we would neect year term, can be equated to the impres­ anyway. sion that Holmes and Brandeis made on "When the dust would have settled, we the Court; and, like his predecessors, he were to get $87,000 worth of material," King will be sorely missed. WITH TOWNS LIKE FAITH, THERE said. "The rest was for labor, administration. Although many Americans did not ap­ IS HOPE FOR ALL This was what spooked us out--that there preciate the views and lifestyle of Wil­ could be so much labor and administration. "If we're only going to get $87,000 wort h of liam Douglas, each has indirectly bene­ material, why shouldn't we take the $50,000 fited from Douglas' staunch defense of HON. JAMES ABDNOR that we're going to have to borrow and pay their civil liberties. Predominantly OF SOUTH DAKOTA back anyway, and put it up ourselves with manifesting his views through dissent, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 'olunteer labor? Douglas established himself as an advo­ "That's the way we've always done it and cate for the preservation of rights Wednesday, Apri l 28, 1976 the reason it's always worked," he added, granted by the first amendment. The Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, as a Mem­ ''with volunteer labor.', first amendment, or as Douglas wrote, "You buy a couple thousand dollars worth ber of Congress from the Second District of lumber and spend $18,000 to put it up," "the autonomous control over the devel­ of South Dakota who has done his share Bachman said. opment and expression of one's intellect, of hollering about Federal spending, I King noted an $18,000 item for demolit ion interest. tastes, and personality," must am delighted and proud to tell you about of the present 50-year-old grandstand and be protected for each and every Ameri­ Faith, a city of some 600 souls on High­ said, "One committee member offered to tear can, barring discrimination against way 212 on the northern border of Meade it down for $500. one's sex, race, nationality, wealth, or County. Faith claims to be the "Prairie "We'd been working on the idea for three political views. He was vigilant in his Oasis," and with the nearest communi­ or four years, planning, scrounging, making applications to try to get this money," King belief that free speech and assembly ties of a thousand or more at least 60 added. "And when we finally get involved should be protected even for those whose miles distant, it not only is an oasis, but in the thing, we find out what a rotten mess ideas were unpopular. Douglas opposed does a fine job of living up to its claims. it is. It's terrible. Government action that mitigated the People around Faith also like to be "I would say it's pretty unique that a little freedom of extremists or "miserable called conservative, and they prove this pumpkin row town like this would turn merchants of unwanted ideas," and his by their actions. A few years ago when down a quarter-mUllon-dOllar grant," King work on the Court chiefly examined the school needed a new gymnasium, the said of the 600-person community. "But it's got to start someplace. We've got to start these new areas of personal liberty. taxpayers were not called on to foot an­ refusing these grants and turning them William Douglas promoted the use of other bond issue, the Faith High School back." the equal protection clause of the 14th Alumni Association got together and "It's got to quit," he added. "There isn't amendment to end the discrimination raised the funds. going to be a U. S. o:t: A. !or our kids and prevalent in our society. He wrote that A big event every summ-er for the last our grand kids if we don't. They're going to "our conclusion is founded not on what half century has been the Faith Stock be broke. we think Government policy should be, Show and Rodeo. For 3 days every sum­ "We're going to raise our own money any but on what the equal protection clause mer Faith bustles with thousands. The way we can, or go to the bank and borrow requires." In opposing the poll tax, he it. We11 build it with volunteer labor and grandstand at the rodeo grounds has pay it back with the sweat of our brows." believed that "wealth, like race, creed, been showing its age in recent years and or color, is not germane to one's ability the board of directors has been looking to participate intelligently in the elec­ for ways and means of replacing it. THE PLIGHT OF LEONID REINES toral process." Hearing recommendations to find out He has incorporated provisions from what could be gotten in the way of Fed­ the equal protection clause to voice his eral grants, they found out and they HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN views against the inequities of big busi­ did not like it. With reports that Faith OF NEW JERSEY ness. "Power that controls the economy was spurning the Feds, the Associated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should be in the hands of the elected Press told a reporter to find out what Wednesday, April 28, 1976 representatives of the people, not in the was happening. I would like to share his hands of an industrial oligarchy." Cer­ report with my colleagues: Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, one of my tainly Douglas' place in history will rest FAITH R E JECTS BIG GRANT AND GOES OWN constituents from Highland Park, N.J., on his conviction that the rights of the WAY has contacted me, expressing her concern 1st and 14th amendments, central to the (By James W. Kofski) over the plight of one of her relatives protection of our civil liberties, must FAITH.-Mayor Ron Bachman of Faith says in the Soviet Union, Leonid Shmuelevich never be circumvented, moderated, or the local stock show board has turned down Reines. He and his family have tried destroyed in any circumstance. This dog­ a $250,000 federal grant for a new grandstand without success to emigrate from the matic view toward equality reached its at the Faith Stock Show and Rodeo grounds. Soviet Union since June of 1973. For peak when he ruled on obscenity. He "There's just too much doggone wasted nearly 3 years, they have faced an in­ said: money," he said. creasingly oppressive atmosphere. I have consistently dissented not because, "They just decided to ditch t he whole Today, I would like to share some facts as frequently charged, I relish obscenity. I thing and do it the way we usually do things in Faith--on our own. about Mr. Reines with my colleagues with have dissented before and now because I the hope that bringing attention to his think the First Amendment bars all kind of " We thought it would be a good deal !or town plight through the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ censorship. What can be done to literature the because we would get quite a lot ORD will assist in expediting his applica­ under the banner of obscenity can be done o! government aid," he sa.id Friday in a telephone interview. "We thought we could to other parts of the spectrwn of ideas when tion: really improve our fairgrounds. LEONID SHMUELEVICH REINES the partisan or majoritarian demands mount and propagandists start disclaiming the law. "But when they got to hashing it over, Liteiny Prospect 43, apt. 44, Leningrad they decided there's just too much wasted 192104, RSFSR, USSR, Telephone: 725717. His adamant views in the protection of mon ey. Twenty per cent we had to come up Born: August 17, 1934. April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11725 Profession: Metallurgical engineer. Borough', 1970; (2) 'Irrigation Potentials, increase consumer electric bills has come Applied to leave for Israel: June 1973, lost Tanana River Valley, Alaska', 1972; and (8) under increasingly heavy attack. job immediately. Was made to work in fun­ 'Alaska's Agricultural Potential', 1974; and eral home; lost that job on January 21, 1975. "Whereas, given any one of many possible The Committee on Interstate and Refused on Jan. 2, 1974, Reapplied in June, natural disasters--prolonged drought, fl.oods, Foreign Commerce is considering Pl'O­ 1975. Refused on October 10, 1975. virulent disease among plants and animals, posed legislation designed to hold the Wife: Elizaveta Chazkelevna, born Janu­ extreme climatic change, unpredictable line on such utility rate increases. ary 10, 1937, mechanical engineer, now recep­ weather in the continental United States­ Congressional hearings have found tionist. Alaska, because it is at the end of the na­ Daughters: Lubasha, born October 16, 1960; tion's food system, would sutier the most di­ evidence of overcharges by utilities Julia, born January 29, 1972. rect and immediate impact; and through the use of the "fuel cost adjust­ Leonid's mother: Jenaida Markovna Reines "Whereas Alaska is known to have at least ment charge" which is added to electric born July 21, 1902, was English teacher, now 17.5 million acres of tillable land, plus at bills by many utilities throughout the retired. Leonid's father died in 1970. least 10 million more acres of conventional country as an additional charge, pur­ The exit application was made for all listed grazing land for potential agricultural use, portedly based on increased fuel costs. above. When Leonid applied, all the 2000 as well as 100 million acres of land suitable copies of a book on metallurgy he co-authored for reindeer and musk-ox grazing; and More recently, the California Public were recalled and his name blotted out from "Whereas in the past there has been a Utilities Commission this week ordered each copy. The refusal was on the grounds lack of coordination of government programs a $203 minion refund to be credited to he had access to "secrets"; in a personal con­ and policies regarding agriculture; and customers and users over the next 3 versation in Leningrad with SSSJ's national "Whereas Alaska now produces less than years by Pacific Gas and Electric Co. coordinator, Reines asserted that all work five per cent of the food it consumes an­ and Southern California Edison Co. he has done was open and published. nually, agriculture, as a resource manage­ Reines has many relatives in the United ment tool, could provide .a much larger per­ The Commission held that these two States who are working on his behalf. centage of the state's b.asic consumer needs utilities had been collecting excessive in food, fiber, industrial raw materials, and amounts from customers for the past 4 aesthetic products at a reasonable price; years through the use of the "fuel ad­ AGRICULTURE IN ALASKA Be it Resolved by the Alaska State Leg­ justment" device. islature, That the State of Alaska hereby The California Commission also or­ commits itself to an agricultural policy that dered the utilities to stop basing "fuel HO . DON YOU G encom·ages and promotes wise use of its agricultural base, including, but not limited adjustments" on predicted costs-but OF ALASKA to the fo1lowing courses of action: rather to base such charges on actual IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "(1) The state shall promptly determine costs inclirred. how best to make available land for agricul­ One Commissioner commented: Wednesday, April 28, 1976 tural use. This decision should end the practice o! Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, "(2) The state shall encourage agricultural production, processing, anci marketing phantom fuel charges and ra-te hikes with­ in discussing the future of American ag­ out hearings . . . for years fuel otisets were riculture, it is possible to overlook the through identification and use of massive amounts of potentially recyclable waste granted on a fictional basis. potential lor development of this indus­ energy. try in Alaska. Recently, the Alaska State The fuel .adjustment device is used bY "(3) In connection with the commitment a number of private and public utilities Legislature unanimously adopted a reso­ of 'in kind' state royalties of oil and gas, lution which outlined a far-reaching provision shall be made for the production throughout the Nation, including the agriculture policy for the State. One sec­ of reasonably priced fertilizer and fuel for Tennessee Valley Authority. tion of the resolution hich should be local Alaska use. Because of the interest of my col­ underscored at this time is the request "(4) The state shall demand that all land leagues and the American people in this identified in 'Alaska's Agricultural Poten­ most important matter, I place in the that 17 million acres of tillable lands, -tial', 19711, as having tillable agriculture po­ plus 10 million acres of grazing lands be REcoRD herewith an article from the tential be removed from D-2 classifioo;tion, Wall Street Journal concerning the re~ taken out of D-2 classification and set and, in the national interest, be set .aside aside for agriculture. for future agricultural production. cent California refund ruling. I commend this resolution to the Mem­ "(5) The state shall actively encourage The article follows: bers as being representative of the dis­ the production of phosphate, limestone, and TWO BIG CALIFORNIA UTILITIES ARE ORDERED cussions now taking place in Alaska re­ fish meal resources in Alaska for use in agri­ To REPAY $203 MILLION FUEL-COST FUli.TDS garding D-2 national interest lands. As cultural production. SAN FRANcxsco.-The California Public "(6) The state :shall actively assist in the Utilities Commission ordered a $203 million the Congress continues to exercise its establishment and financing of agriculture refund to be paid over the next three years responsibilities under the Alaska Native processing plants in key agricultural areas of to customers of Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and Claims Settlement Act of 1971, I hope the state to encourage local .farm production. Southern California Edison Co. that such recommendations from Alas­ •• (7) The state agencies shall work closely In a three-to-two opinion, the agency said kans will be thoughtfu1ly considered by with prtvate land owners, native regional the money would have to be paid back be­ Members of this body. Clearly, recogni­ COIJ>orations, village corporations, and other cause of excessive fuel cost-adjustment tion of the multiple use principle of land management organizations to stimulate ag­ funds collected by the utilities for electricity ricultural _production, processing and over the past four years. management in Alaska will serve the fu­ marketing. The commission also ordered that in the ture best interests of Alaska and this Na­ "(8) The Legislature, in cooperation with future any fuel adjustment r.ate increases tion. the Governor, shall establish a task force, m1.1St be based on the actual I'ecorded ex­ The resolution follows: composed of representatives of agriculture, pense for the fuel rather tnan on a forecast SENATE CoNCURRENT RESOLVTION No. 77 business and consumer interests, which shall of what the fuel is expected to cost. "Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the be responsible for the study of legislative op­ PAYMENT WTrH l:NTEREST State of Alaska: tions for implementing the policies enunci­ Pacific G&E customers will receive about "Whereas without a state policy, boldly set ated in this resolution." $63 million in credits and Southern C.a11- out and strongly backed by the people, the fornia Edison customers will get about $140 Legislature, and the Executive, little can or million. These overcollections, .along with 7 c;, will be done to establish agriculture in FUEL ADJUS'I'l\.mNT GOUGE BY interest, will be paid over the next three Alaska as an economically worthwhile en­ POWER COMPANIES RESULTS IN years in the form of credits to offset future deavor; and COURT ORDER DIRECTING $203 fuel-cost increases. "Whereas a sound and sustained agricul­ Mll..LION REFUND This means the individual utility cus­ tural production, processing and marketing tomer won't actually get a refund check or industry is necessary to the healthy economic have money deducted from his bill. Instead, life and future well-being of Alaska; and HON. JOE L. EVINS when the utilities apply for future fuel-rate "Whereas no geographic entity has ever OF TENNESSEE increases, they will get only part of the re­ attained lasting greatness through extrac­ IN THE BOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quested increase, not the full amount. tive resource production alone; and The average Pa.cl:flc G&E customer over ..Whereas -the agricultural potential of the Wednesday. April 28, 1976 th& three years will receive a benefit of $7.65 Great Land 1s perhaps its single most signifi­ and the average Southern california Edisou cant prospect for a stable future-a point Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, customer wm receive about $16.60. clearly and emphatically made in three fed- the so-called ..fuel cost adjustment Commissioner Leonard Ross, who voted . era.l-sta.te university studies: ( 1) 'Develop­ clause" which has been widely used by for the order, said the decision was a long ment of New Lands in Matanuska-Susltna private and public utility companies to overdue correction of a system that had al- 11726 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 lowed the utilities to collect more for the the first dining out ceremony ever held peace: it saw the disillusionment of the fuel than they actually spent. for enlisted personnel at Kelly AFB. •twent ies, and the awesome threat of the "For years," Mr. Ross said, "fuel offsets In the thought that our colleagues 'thirties, and the growth and maturity of were granted on a fictional basis. The com­ American air power in the 'forties and 'fifties. mission staff', usually Without public hear­ would be interested in Mr. GoNzALEz's It has lived through the time when America ing, estimated how much cheap hydroelec­ remarks, I insert them in the RECORD: had almost no air power, to a time when we tric power would be available to the utilities REMARKS OF HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ AT relied almost exclusively on it; and now and how much expensive fuel oil they would ENLISTED DINING OUT, KELLY Am FORCE it is seeing a time when air power is again have to burn. Then, if the rains were heav­ BASE, TEX., MARCH 20, 1976 doubted, called into question, attacked as ier than expected, the utilities got to keep Sergeant Walton, General Kelly, General wasteful-and cut back. We are living in a the extra profits while the customer kept Burns, Colonel Taylor, Sergeant Echols, Ser­ period when America is unsure of its com­ paying for fuel oil which was never burned. geant Madonna, your Compatriots, and mitments, uncertain of its abilities, and This decision should end the practice of Friends! seemingly unaware of the extent and natm·e phantom fuel charges and rate hikes without Let me thank you for the pleasure, honor of the military threat against us. hearings." and privilege of joining you in this, the first No responsible observer of military affairs DISSENTING OPINION base-wide enlisted Dining Out at Kelly! I today will deny that our military power is hope that this will be the first in a long waning, and that our capacity to win a A dissent was written by Vernon L. Stur­ major war is questionable. Yet we hesitate geon and William Symons Jr. in which they series of such evenings, and I take great pride in the honor you have given me in ad­ to make the commitment to build our called the decision "not only shortsighted strength. We debate whether this or that but one-eyed." They said that "while we can dressing this first Dining Out. We are celebrating this year the 200th weapon is really needed; some members of concur in the revision of the fuel-cost-ad­ the House and Senate make headlines by justment clause from a forecast basis to a Anniversary of our Declaration of Inde­ pendence, and it is fitting that you have quibbling over this or that so-called wasteful recorded basis, we dissent when the major­ military benefit; and our Secretary of State ity decides to exceed the law to order refunds. chosen to make the theme of this evening the history and heritage of Kelly Ail: Force time and again is forced to issue empty "In ordering immense refunds by Pacific threats; next time, he says, we will not toler­ G&E and Southern California. Edison, imme­ Base. But we are not only celebrating the past-we are looking toward the future. And ate subversion or outright aggression. Next dida.te payouts will result, always popular in time. the short term, but the utilities' financial just as the future of the Revolution was un­ certain 200 years ago, so is the future of The truth is that our military power is ability for the long-haul work of providing nowhere near as great as our political com­ electricity is unfairly impaired." America today. The few men who propelled America into mitments. We are faced with the necessity In Rosemead, Calif., Southern California of making a choice: do we reduce our com­ Edison said the commission's action was its Revolution could not have known the mitments or do we increase our military "unlawful because all monies collected were future that lay ahead of them; and they could never have dreamed of the mighty strength? under approved tariff's lawfully authorized" If we keep our existing commitments, we by the commission. The company said it power that they unlocked, in giving this must be prepared to build a stronger mili­ hasn't exceeded its commission-authorized country its independent beginning. Nor tary force to back them up. It means noth­ earnings levels for the period under ques­ could the :fliers at Camp Kelly in 1917 have known what lay ahead. Who among them ing to have a commitment to defend Europe tion. or the East, if we do not have the means to The utility claimed the action will ulti­ could have envisioned that little, dusty do that with. It means nothing to say that mately be to the disadvantage of customers country pasture for what it is today-a City we will not tolerate aggression in Africa if if it isn't overruled. To do so, it said, it will in itself, a complex industrial establishment we are not willing and prepared to provide seek a rehearing and, if necessary, a. review with worldwide responsibilities, entrusted the means for defense against it. An empty by the state supreme court. If left unchal­ with the care and keeping of aircraft of a commitment is worse than none at all; no lenged, the company said, the decision size and power that no mind could conceive one is fooled by an empty munitions chest. "could seriously affect the financial stand­ of, from the cockpit of an old Curtiss trainer. No amount of bluster, and no amount of ing of the company." Military aviation started in San Antonio, personal courage, helps very much in combat The decision constitutes retroactive rate­ for all practical purposes. This base is the against an enemy with superior equipment making, which the courts have consistently oldest continuously used base in the Air or skill. It is better not to enter the arena at held to be unlawful, the utility maintained. Force; it is named for the fu·st American all than to enter with less than the means "The new system, if not changed, would military aviator to be killed, in an accident to win. require Edison to base its fuel costs on its that occurred at Fort Sam Houston. Here at There is nothing startling about any of fuel consumption over the past 12 months,'' Kelly, at Brooks, at Randolph, the United this. Yet, we seem unwilling to recognize that said E. A. Myers Jr., a vice president. "This States Air Force first "slipped the surly bonds our military forces must be equal to our is like asking a housewife to plan her of Earth,'' in the words of the poet. commitments. The President wants to cut grocery budget for a growing family by To those of us who were born in San An­ the budget; and he is so determined to do using last year's levels of food consumption." tonio, this is still Kelly Field, even though this that he fires the Secretary of Defense, it has had another official name since 1948. who points out that our forces simply w!jJ To young airmen, Kelly is an overwhelming not cover our commitments. Some memb1rs repair center and logistics base; but to those of Congress, and especially a certain Senator HENRY B. GONZALEZ ZEROS IN ON who know the Air Force, it is still Kelly Field, from Wisconsin, mount constant attacks on CRITICAL DEFENSE ISSUE still at the heart of military aviation. There the Department of Defense-always harping has never been a single new step in mili­ on this or that marginal question, but never tary aviation that did not have at least some asking the only one that matters: do our HON. JIM WRIGHT origin here at Kelly; nothing can separate forces cover our commitments? OF TEXAS this place from the beginnings, growth and These critics do not question our commit­ complete maturity of the United States Air IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments abroad; and in fact, they insist on Force. keeping those commitments. They see the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 Our national revolution was not made by United States as a world leader, as the pro­ people who looked backward; and Kelly Air tector of Europe, and as the defender of the Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ Force Base was not made by people who cent speech at Kelly Air Force Base, our forces of freedom everywhere. And yet, they focused on the past. Our revolutionary fa­ would have a defense structure that could friend and colleague, the Honorable thers had an appreciation of the past, but only serve as a defense for our national ter­ HENRY B. GONZALEZ of Texas, focused were not its captives. Neither can we be. ritory-and could in no way meet the re­ precisely on what should be the central From the past, we can learn of accomplish­ quirements of the world mission that they issue in consideration of the U.S. Defense ments and mistakes; we can understand want this country to play. Establishment. something of how we came to be where we It is begging the question to put the de­ are; and we can understand something of fense debate in any other way than this. Any There are some in Congress who busily how we should conduct ourselves in the peck away at such ma1·ginal areas of member of Congress who has doubts about a future. But nothing in the past can give weapons system is entitled to those doubts; military concern as the number of cars us the assured answers for the problems we but that same member ought to ask why the used by generals, while ignoring the have today; for that, we have only our own system is needed, as well as how much it will larger, truly critical questions of defense. instincts and intelligence to guide us: we cost. If we have obligations and commit­ Mr. GoNZALEZ by contrast burns have only our own values and cow·age to sus­ ments to provide logistics support to the through to the central, compelling ques­ tain us, in the sa.zne way that the American Middle East, that is why we need a C-5 air­ revolutionaries did, and the same as every craft-and not because it happens to be a tions of a military program sufficient to airman has. It is good that we know and carry out our worldwide political com­ big airplane. We need that kind of aircraft honor the past; by knowing what others because of the commitment, not because it ts mitments. before us have done, we can understand what a big airplane. Appropriately, Mr. GoNZALEZ's pene­ is possible for us to do. If we have defense commitments in Eu­ trating insights were offered in a speech And we have much to do. rope, and we do, then we have to have people marking a genuinely historic occasion- Kelly has seen many cycles of war and in that part of the world, and we have to April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11727 have the ways and means to provide them does to run the commissary system-if the accord alone, but of the motivations, the supply and replacement--first, to sustain our critics of the defense budget want to talk needs and the calculations of others as well position, and second, to win 1n a confilct. about cost. let them. talk a.bout hether we as ourselves. We are inescapably part of the That is why we need a big logistics base; not should. ha :e that commitment. world; we either guide our own destiny or because we want a. big payroll, but beea.use It costs us tens of blllions of dollars to others will guide it for us. we have a big commitment. maintain bases and forces thro1JEhout the The question we face today as a nation is If we have a commitment that requires Pacific. L.et the critics talk about those com­ the same as it was 200 years ago-who will be long-range aerial resupply, we have to have mitments. masters over us--ourselves, or some foreign the aircraft to do that with, and the bases W-e could, clearly, cut the military budget power? to match. If we do not have the bases to pro­ by forty or fifty per cent, if we scaled down vide refueling, we have to modify our avail­ our commitments solely to the defense of our able aircraft to meet that exigency, or buy national territory. But can our country sur­ FEDE...-qAL ASSISTANCE NEEDED TO new ones that don't need refue1ing. vtve just by doing that? Can we maintain our EASE PBB CRISIS The whole basis of defense planning de­ lines of supply for r.aw materials, around pends as much on what we want to do in the v;orld, just by defending these shores the world as on what we fear from those alone, and leaving dozens of smaller and HON. GUY VANDER JAGT forces that oppose us. But the tragedy of weaker countries to fend off the aggressive OF MICHIGAN actions of the Soviet and Chinese blocs? How today's debate on military policy is that this 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES goes unrecognized. We can talk all we want long would this country survive in such a to about the tooth-to-tail ratio, and about world? Wednesday, April 28, 1976 But the critics do not want to talk about the cost of the general officers' mess in the Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, in Pentagon, and about this or that military changing our mission; they merely play a cost--but none of it means anything unless variety of games with the military, and talk March 1975, I joined with two of my the debate starts with the question of what about waste. They only throw sand in the Michigan coleagues, Congressman AL our obligations are. and what we need to gears, and question the integrity and ability CEDERBERG and PHIL RUPPE, in introduc­ meet those obligations. To say it bluntly, if of those very forces sworn to defend them. ing legislation to provide compensation you are playing a game of poker, you start This is a watershed year for defense policy. from the Federal Government to farmers by counting your chips, and measuring your The decisions that are made this year on the who could not sell their livestock or crops chips against the strength of your hand. military budget will determine for a decade to come whether or not we are going to cover because of Polybrominated Biphenyl­ Some hands you can bet; some you can't, PBB-contam.ination and who did not and some you pass by-but whether you have our international commitments. That being any options at all, depends on the number the case, I am profoundly disturbed that the receive compensation for such losses debate is being carried on this year the same from insw·ance or other sources. Unfor­ of chips you have. Our defense establishment as in years past--not about the cost of meet­ is our stack of chips; lf we don't have them, tunately, no action has been taken by ing our present obligations, but about the Congress on that legislation. How­ we are limited in the options that we can whether we should pay an enlisted member exercise. enough to stay off of food stamps. ever, the Senate has recently passed leg­ This is why it is a terrible mistake for the The real determinant of cost is not whether islation which would provide loans to critics of defense spending to harp away on you are given a reasonable amount of pay, farmers whose livestock or crops have commissazy privileges, or on any number of or given the full xange of benefits that you been condemned or quarantined because questions that aYe marginal to the real issue. were promised and have a right to expect. of contamination by toxic substances. Attacks on commissary privileges cannot The real determinant is in the bets we have Potentially of some assistance to farm­ really affect the fundamental size of the de­ on the world table. It is those bets that cause fense budget; the commissary is -a benefit, ers affected by such disasters as the us to calculate the type and size of forces PBB situation in Michigan, the legis­ and attacking it can only drive down mil1tary we must have; it is those bets that determine morale, not aifect the factors that make the tbe kind of weapons we need, and how many lation does not yet meet the problem defense budget what tt !s. of them; it is those things that determine of farmers who are unable to recover Those who want to cut down national what the cost will be. under insurance claims for losses suf­ defense spending ought not be concentrating We cannot forever peck away at the mar­ fered because of contamination, but on the cost of the Pentagon Mess, or on what gins of defense, and not consider the effects whose livestock or crops are not con­ kind of ears generals drive, or on how many of this on our ability to do what we have As aides they aYe entitled to-those things are demned or quarantined. a consequence promised to do. We have to decide, this year, I have today introduced legislation which not the bulk of defense spending, nor even at long last, whether we are going to continue an appreciable portion of it. The cost of mil­ our commitments, or scale them back. There would amend the Senate-passed bill and itary .spending is determined by our commit­ is no more fat to cut from the military budg­ which would provide Federal assistance ments-that, and very little else. Those who et of this country. You know it and I know to those farmers who would otherwise want to really cut spending should be talking it. Secretazy Schlesinger knew it, but ap­ be faced with serious :financial loss. about whether or not we should pull out of parently the President did not believe it. Several newspaper editorials have ap­ commitments--not whether enlisted people The Senator !rom Wisconsin, and other de­ peared in the past few days on this very should or should not get a small subsidy on fense critics, ought to know this as well­ difficult .and painful problem which spell their groceries. but do they? out in detail the need for congressional The commissary stores cost about a quar­ Those of us who believe in the necessity of ter of a billion dollars a year. Cutting those American leadership, and who believe that action. I believe the Members of the stores out entirely won't really make any this country has a role to play in the wo-rld House will :find them of considerable difference 1n the defense budget. whether we want it or not, have a difficult value. They include an editorial from the Military pay increases cost a lot of money­ task, in a time when eveYyone argues that i1i April 22, 1976, edition of the Detroit but holding down pay below a decent level costs too much. News, entitled "Seeking the Facts on does not really affect the size of the defense It costs a great deal. Liberty and freedom PBB Disaster,., and the editorial .. Ban budget. were never cheap. Leadership is not easy. PBB-Contaminated Food-Nowl" from Adequate medical care :for military person­ Commitment does not come without courage 22, 1976, nel costs a lot of money, seen alone, but -and a willingness to sacrifice. The question the April edition of the Muske­ cutting .out medical beneft ts does not really for us, on the eve of our national bicen­ gon Chronicle, Muskegon, Mich. Those affect the defense budget, not in any mean­ tennial, is whether we have the same vision editorials follow: ingful sense. ~at does? and courage that our forefathers did. They SEEKmG THE FACTS ON PBB DISASl:EB 'It is 1lhe numbers of people that we have nved in an uncertain time; they did not have By appointing six prestigious scientists to to ha~ 1n the mi11tary services that really national unanlmlty; they had no assurance analyze the effects of the PBB disaster on determines the cost of running those services. that they could win independence; they did Michigan a_grtculture, Gov. Mllllken baa taken If we cut -a million people out of th~ :mllltary not even know how -to organize and pay for an essential step toward ending the rumors, budget, 1ib&t really does affect the budget, the mil1tary forces 'that they had to have. halt-truths and emotiona.llsm which have far more than fiddllng around with this or They did u-ot bave certain glory ahead of been bedouding this vitallssue for months. that little benefit. But the cost 'Cutters don't them. PBB, a fire-retardant chemical, wa.s acci­ want to talk about that; they don't want to Neither do we. We do not have an assured dentally mixed with a quantity of farm feed cut ·down our role 1n the world at all, tb.ey and certain .future. We cannot be certain almost three years ago and distributed to a -say. But tf they really do want to change the that we are always -right. Leadership Involves number of !arms. budget. -th•t is the orily real optton we have. costs ami risks. We have to be prepared to It has since exacted a terrible ton. More It cost. a quarter b1llton or so to run the take rlSk:s, .and pay costs. Whether we want than 25,000 cattle and hogs and 1.5 million eommJasary -system. It costs 45 billion to run to do 'this ,or .not, 1t wm happen. chickens have been quarantined and de­ our forces ln Europe. Those who want to In th1s orld, doing nothing 1s also a risk. stroyed and buge quantities of mUk and eggs really change the Pentagon budget don't Doing uothlng in Europe and the Paclflc 111 dumped ..rter blgh levels at the cbemlcal talk Abou~ abandoning Europe, though. just aa d-angerous--and probably 'lnOre dan­ -were lilscovered 1n 'tih'e anlmals and 'their by­ n 'COI!rtB us ten times as -much to -support gerous--than being prepared to act. Fo-r thiS products. our ·oommrtments ln tbe M1d.dl8 East u " is · w<>rld tn. which powers move, not of our But the contro-versy over possible long- 11728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 t•ange effects of t he contamination continues taining lesser amounts of PBB 1s permitted testing clearly suggests "might be bad for and the longer it continues, the graver the under the federal rules. humans." PBB disaster could be for the health of And such sales continue apace. Enough is known, however unscientifically, Michigan residents and for the state's farm The problem 1s that there 1s no absolutely to establish that a very toxic chemical has economy. convincing data as yet to whether lt 1s safe been released into the environment, con­ The major dispute now centers on what for humans to eat products containing ANY taminating feed, livestock, soil and the food constitutes a permissible level of PBB. This level of PBB. eaten by Michigan consumers. level is now set by the Food and Drug Admin­ There is a growing body of evidence that It is known that PBB is highly stable--it istration (FDA) at up to .3 parts per million animals are sickening whose blood contains doesn't break down easily, it persists. And PBB in meat, milk, poultry and eggs. much lower levels of PBB-which was the there is cause for concern that it will con­ Since the mass PBB contamination lacks a case in the recent mass shooting of cattle taminat e plants and vegetables and, by scientific precedent, emotionalism, fear and on the Ot tawa County farm of Gerald Wolt­ leaching through the soil, the waters of our conjecture have dominated the issue. Bills jer-and in the period before contaminated lakes and streams. dealing with the PBB content, well inten­ herds were guaranteed thousands of Michi­ Reports of PBB contamination of livestock tioned but so far lacking sound scientific gan farm families and their neighbors con­ have come in from other states, notably basis, threaten to inundate the Legislature. sumed PBB-contaminated milk, eggs a.nd Tennessee, and there is speculation that the Michigan farmers are sharply split. Some meat. organs and entrails of slaughtered Michigan insist that the FDA-approved level of PBB Many of these families have complained of livestock ground up and used in marketed is far too high. Some have testified before a illness brought on by this exposure. animal feed, carry some amount of PBB resi­ congressional committee of mystet·ious ill­ The Michigan public also has been exposed due which cattle in other states are nesses affiicting their families, presumably to PBB-contaminated products, but to a ingesting. the result of eating PBB-contaminated food. much lesser degree than the farm families. We say this must stop. We say there must They insist that their consciences forbid mar­ The Michigan Department of Public Health be a ban on sale and distribution of any keting their farm products, even though says it hasn't found any syndrome or signs meat, meat-filled feed or other products with those meet present FDA standards on PBB. of human illness attributable to PBB, but any detectable level of PBB contamination. Other Michigan farmers insist that their t his assessment is the subject of heated de­ And we say the bllls now before the Michi­ families suffered no ill effects from eating bate. gan Legislature are totally inadequate to beef and drinking milk from herds later de­ Science magazine reports that Walter D. provide the protection the public, under these stroyed because they far exceeded the PBB Meester, clinical toxicologist at Blodgett Me­ circumstances, should receive. limit. morial Hospital in Grand Rapids, has sharply Withholding contaminated meat or poul­ They argue that continued widespread criticized the MDPD study, in part because try from the market for 60 days is not publicity based on rumor and unproved fears 70 per cent of the persons in the control enough. Labeling meat as PBB contaminated could make all Michigan agricultural prod­ group had detectable levels of PBB in their is not enough. And dropping the contamina­ ucts suspect on the national market. blood. tion "action level" from three-tenths parts Milllken called it "an incredibly complex Said Science: "Certainly there is a pre­ per million to two-tenths is not enough. problem" in appointing six nationally recog­ sumption, derived from the limited testing The ban must be total. Nothing contami­ nized pathologists, toxicologists and doctors that has been done with laboratory animals, nated should reach the market. No one­ of veterinary medicine to the panel. that PBB may be bad for you." absolutely no one-knows now whether ANY The importance of their future findings The magazine notes that DuPont several amount, any trace, of PBB is safe to con­ cannot be overestimated. If the effects of years ago dropped the idea of using PBB in sume. And until this is known no one should consumption of even a very limited amount the manufacture of flame-resistant garments swallow any of it-any more of it. of PBB are as dangerous to human health after finding that the compound caused liver This is a disaster, of course, for the farm­ as some insist, the contamination must be enlargement in rats. ers. And federal relief must speedily be made rooted out, no matter what the cost in live­ Rat-feeding studies by state and federal available. The losses involved at·e estimated stock and financial loss. agencies have shown, the magazine said, that as at least $97 million. And that will doubt­ Conversely, if the panel finds the possible both PBB and the more familiar contami­ less prove conservative. Federal farm loan consequences have been exaggerated and nant, PCB, cau8e "dramatic alterations in programs don't meet this need, and they that the problem is now under control, pub­ normal biochemical and physiological proc­ should be revamped. lic confidence should be restored and the esses," and that PBB is the more dangerous That's the way we see it. What we have present atmosphere of rumor and emotion of the two. here could prove to be human tragedy of epic should end. It quoted a Food and Drug Administration national proportions. Or it could prove to official as reporting that "the weight of evi­ be no more than what it ah·eady is--one of BAN PBB-CoNTAMINATED Foon-Now dence at this time is that PBB caused great­ the worst livestock poisoning incidents on Gov. Milliken called this week for "an er responses at lower levels, and (its toxicity) record. end to half-truths and rumors" about PBB may be up to five times (greater)." But whether or not, if an error is to be contamination and its human health impl1- These findings and others, no matter how made, in God's name let us make it in favor cations. tentative, are cause for the gravest concern. of humans! That is precisely the phrase he used one And we say here, with all the force we can month earlier in calling for a subsequently muster, that the public health of this state­ aborted study of the situation, and we are and perhaps of the country-demands an A PENNSYLVANIAN IN MINOT, just as far from hard facts now as then immediate ban on the sale and distribution N.DAK. about what may well be the worst livestock of ANY animal feed or meat and poultry in contamination disaster in the nation's his­ ANY degx·ee contaminated by PBB. tory. It may be months, conceivably years, be­ HON. RICHARD T. SCHULZE This response has been totally inadequate. fore the state health studies result in de­ OF PENNSYLVANIA This state--and possibly, by now, other finitive findings on the short and long-term IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES states-is confronted with a mass poisoning health impact of PBB ingestion, and we dis­ of its livestock, the threatened ruin of its agree emphatically with Gov. Milliken's Wednesday, April 28, 1976 meat industry, and the real possibility that statement that "this question is far too im­ Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, a major the health of its residents is at peril. portant to be decided without a proper sci­ This indecisive state government foot­ entific analysis." tragedy was averted in Minot, N. Dak., dragging has been the pattern now for two What is important is to take measures now while this Congress was in recess. Flood­ years, and only this week, as we write, has to protect the public health against what waters were threatening to do more than a scientific advisory panel been set up to is widely perceived to be a serious threat. $70 million damage to this small town check out the human and animal health If the studies prove the danger to have been that has been ravaged by floodwaters implications of PBB exposure. exaggerated, so be it. several times in the past. Credit for sav­ During those two years more than 30,000 The hard fact is we don't know. And we ing this town could go to a man that Michigan cattle, 6,000 hogs, 1,500 sheep, don't believe a chance should be taken on was born in my district in 1934. James some 1.5 million chickens, at least 865 tons the health of 8 million citizens. If the fears D. was born of :teed, 18,000 pounds of cheese, 2,630 pounds expressed prove well founded, we would not Ruyak in Pottstown, Pa. of butter, 34,000 pounds of dry milk prod­ want to be answerable for that. He received his college education at ucts, and nearly 5 million eggs have been And we cannot believe the governor wants Davis and Elkins College in Elkins~ W. destroyed. to accept that kind of responsibility. Va. Currently he resides with his family Damages for livestock and poultry losses If the federal government can agree on the in Hudson, Wis. He is working as a su­ are estimated as high as $100 million and need to spend more than $135 million for a pervisory civil engineer with the St. Paul the end-plainly-is not in sight. mass national inoculation against swine District of the Army Corps of Engineers The destruction of poultry and livestock flu-with no way of knowing whether a swine has generally been done under federal guide­ flu epidemic may eventuate--then we sug­ where he is chief of the construction lines which require destroying any products gest there is no valid reason to hesitate one branch. · containing more than three-tenths parts moment more to ban sales of PBB­ For 2 weeks he put in 16- to 18-hour per million of PBB. Sale of products con- contaminated meat and other products that days supervising the construction of 35 April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11729 miles of levees and dikes along the him Jim. He was that kind of a guy. Friendly, tory, marred by partition and suppres­ Souris River. This was $3% million worth Low key. Obliging," the reporter wrote. sion. The story told how he averaged less than of emergency flood protection. He also three hours sleep a day in the first two weeks The Polish people's quest for inde­ supervised hundreds of local volw1teers of the battle. pendence and freedom began in 964 in solving problems of erosion. "Minot is grateful, Jim Ruyak, for your when the North Slavic tribes united James Ruyak married a Pennsylvania mighty accomplishment," the article con­ under the leadership of the Piast fam­ girl. Barbara Ann Ruyak was born in tinued and then announced, "The least we ily to form the independent state of Pol­ Shillington. They have lived in Wiscon ­ can do is say you're our Man of the Year." ska with Prince Mieczyslaw as its first sin for about 3 years. Prior to that he Ruyak graduated from Pottstown High ruler. During the following three cen­ School in 1952 and then went into the Army. had been assigned to the Army Corps of After his discharge he attended Davis and turies, Poland was engaged in repelling Engineers District Office in Pit tsburgh , Elkins College, W.Va. and graduated in 1960. aggression culminating in the invasion P a. Since he has been with the Army Corps of of Eur ope in 1250 by Genghis Khan. It He is not alone in the efforts that wer e Engineers, he was field supervisor when the was Poland that finally stopped the put forth in averting the disast er in Kinzua Dam was built in Warren, Pa., and Mongol invasion and turned back the Minot, but I am singling him out be­ was assistant resident engineer for const ruc­ tide of barbarism. tion of the Hannibal Dam in Ohio. During the bitter and divisive religious cause he is a native son of the Fifth He held the post of resident engineer for Congressional District of Pennsylvania. construction of the LeFarge Dam in Wiscon­ wars of the Reformation, Poland re­ Col. Forrest T. Gay III, the District En­ sin and for three years has been chief of mained at peace. It proclaimed religious gin eer of the Army Corps of Engineers construction for six states including North freedom and accepted thousands of vic­ in the St. Paul District, had many other s Dakota. tims of religious persecution. working on the project, 15 of these de­ For his efforts in Minot , he received the Again in 1683, Poland rescued Europe voted to the technical aspects of the North Dakota State Award, t he Navy Com­ from impending invasion. In that year problem. My praise goes to t hem as well modore Award and Minot named its highest Vienna was besieged by half a millio~ street, one which overlooks the city, Ruyak Turks. Pope Innocent XI called upon for a job well done. Point. It was dedicated Feb. 12, 1976. As part of my remarks I include an Each year on Feb. 12, Minot residents ob­ Poland's King Jan Sobieski to come to article that appeared in the Pottstown serve Jim Ruyak Day. the defense of Vienna and Europe and Guardian, April 22, 1976: He and his wife, Barbara, who graduated on September 13, 1683, Sobieski led 40,- LOCAL MAN SAVES CITY from Pottstown Hospital School of Nursing, 000 gallant Polish troops in an attack h ave four children, Beth, 15; Michelle, 13; on the Turks which routed the invaders. When the people of Minot, N. Dak., count An n, 11 and Marc, 8. their blessings, the name of a former Potts­ The Polish people's indomitable spirit. t own man heads the list. and their dedication to freedom culmi­ nated in the adoption of a new Consti­ James Ruyak, Chief of diking construction POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY in Minot for the Army Corps of Engineers, tution in 1791 whereby the people of was credited the past week for saving t he Poland peacefully transformed their gov­ city from a devastating flood and it's t he HON. PAULS. SARBANES ernment from a monarchy to a democ­ t hird time he provided such a dramatic effort. OF MARYLAND racy. The news of the new Polish Consti­ Brother of George Ruyak, 1033 Pine St ., tution evoked a jubilant echo in America. the engineer appeared frequently on recent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES George Washington and other eminent national TV news broadcasts as millions Wednesday; April 28, 1976 were told of the efforts to hold back the Americans praised Poland's rebirth. rising Souris River with earthen dikes. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. Speaker, on May John Paul Jones sent congratulations to Under Ruyak's direction, hundreds of vol­ 3, people of Polish descent throughout Warsaw. unteers, National Guardsmen and Air Force the world will celebrate an important But the signing of the Constitution men raced to finish the dikes in order to Polish national holiday-the Polish could not put a halt to the third parti­ save Minot. Third of May Constitution Day. May 3, tion ~f Poland by Russia, Prussia, and Officials of the city said the wat er rising Austria, who feared the new-found because of melting snow from the Saskatch­ 1791, is not perhaps as well known to ewan hills and rain, could have flowed 6 to Americans as July 4, 1776, but both dates power of the Polish people. Despite the 14 feet deep through the downtown area symbolize the same ideals and the same heroic efforts of Thaddeus Kosciuszko had any of the dikes crumbled. passion for political freedom. On May 3, the great Polish patriot who served as ~ At the beginning of last week, the com­ 1791, just 2 years after the adoption of general in the American Revolutionary munity officials were preparing for the worst. the U.S. Constitution, the Polish people War, valiant Poland was overcome in More than 12,000 persons were evacuated, ratified a historic document which abol­ 1795 by her predatory neighbors. The schools were closed and city workers began ished class distinction, established ab­ third partition of Poland made a dra­ shutting off gas supplies. solute religious toleration, and declared matic impression in America, captured in By Saturday, April 17, the flood waters the words of Noah Webster: came within 6 inches of the top of the equality of all citizens under the law. elaborate dike system. In so doing, the Polish people set an When Poland was cut up into three slices; The Souris River already overflowed its example for freedom-loving men and for the three adjoining monarchs, the most hideous outcry was raised by all lovers of banks in the ranch and farm area, flooding women of courageous commitment to freedom. more than 400,000 acres. human rights and individual freedom. Ruyak had little sleep by the time the It is fitting in our Bicentennial Year to The partition made an end of Poland river began receding Easter Sunday when pay tribute to the heroic dedication to as an independent state, but not of the skies began clearing. But the 35 miles of dikes held and Ruyak received praise and liberty demonstrated throughout history Polish spiritual life. The Polish people gratitude from thousands. by the Polish people and to gratefully continued to assert and reassert their When the George Ruyak family called to acknowledge their innumerable contri­ vitality by repeated insurrections until speak to the brother and his wife Monday, butions to this Nation's struggle for in 1914-18, the power and the im~ they were told that in every Minot church independence. portance of the Polish nation became Sunday, special prayers of thanks were given The 185th anniversary of the adoption generally felt and recognized. In 1919, for the engineer. of the Polish Constitution will be cele­ through the valiant efforts of Jan Pa­ James Ruyak also received a key to the derewski, supported by President Wood­ city and five women crocheted an Ainerican brated on Sunday, May 2, by the Polish flag afghan for him. American Congress, a national organi­ row Wilson, the Polish nation rose again This wasn't the first time, community resi­ zation with chapters in all major cities to new political independence. dents showed their appreciation to Ruyak, a in the United States. In Maryland, the Enjoyment of this new freedom was resident of Hudson, Wise., the past three anniversary will be marked by ow· dis­ brought to an end in 1939 with Hitler's years. tinguished Polish community at the invasion of Poland. For 6 weeks, the Pol­ In 1975 when the city was facing a situa­ Polish Home Hall in Baltimore. ish people tenaciously resisted Nazi mili­ tion much like last week's event, Ruyak A brave people long recognized for tary might but finally succwnbed to the claimed victory against the threatening wa­ their chivalry and compassion, the Pol­ inevitable when Russia invaded from the ters and the Minot Dally News ran a full East, thereby placing Poland under at­ page of photos and a story on his work, call­ ish people have for generations strug­ ing him the "flood fight general". gled for liberty, a struggle which led tack on two fronts. Even so, Poland's . The page was sponsored by the city's busi­ them to carry on their national bannet• brave sons fought on with the Allies in ness and professional men. the noble motto "For Our Liberty and England, North Africa, Italy, France, "After the first meeting everybody called Yours." But theirs has been a tragic his· Belgium and Germany. 11730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 19'l6 The Polish people, subject throughout The contributions which Polish Amer­ fully the concerns Mr. Royal points out history to the growing aggressiveness icans made to colonial settlement in in his letter: and territorial greed of neighbors bent America, in the war for independence, FISHERMEN & ALLIED WORKERS' on subjugating their nation, never lost and in the struggle out of which our UNION, their devotion to freedom. This spirit national unity was born would be re­ LOCAL 33 I .L.W.U., found simultaneous expression in the peated in each generation which fol­ San Pedro, Calif., April12, 1976. lands where Poland's sons and daughters lowed. The determination and endur­ Hon. GLENN ANDERSON, began life anew. ance demonstrated in the homeland House oj Representatives, Washington, D.O. Just as the Polish people courageously found strong expression in America. At DEAR GLENN: I am sending you a. copy of sought their own freedom in 1791, so the turn of the century, Polish Americans a. translation of the Diario Oficlal of Mexico, they have contributed to this Nation's could be found working in nearly every dated February 6, 1976 which I just received. struggle to create a free society since the leading industry, in mining, steel and You may already have this in your posses­ earliest days of our colonial beginning. glass factories, in textile mills, clothing sion, but am sending it to you just in ca.se In 1608, almost 12 years before the Pil­ manufacturing, stockyards and packing you don't. grims landed at Plymouth Rock, Polish houses, furniture factories, oil and sugar As I read it over, it showed me very clearly artisans arrived in Virginia's Jamestown, what happens when countries, incJ.uddng the refineries, and in agriculture. They con­ United States, take independent unilateral the oldest English colony in America. By tributed significantly to the growth of action on extended jurlsdlction, prior to a.n the fall of that year they had built American industry and strengthened agreement being reached or worked at during America's first glass factory. In a short American labor. Today, Americans of the Law of the Sea. Conference. For example, time they were able to send England the Polish descent number well over 10 mil­ I direct your attention to that portion of first samples of their work-the first lion and the list of distinguished Polish this document entitled "Department of In­ products of American industry. The first Americans marks the ranks of every pro­ dustry a.nd Commerce", amendment of instance of the Polish bravery in the new fession and walk of life. In government, Article 37 of Federal Law on Fisheries land is recorded in 1609, when they Polish Americans have distinguished Development. saved the life of Captain Smith during They say, among many things which will themselves as Senators and Congressmen, make it almost impossible to live with VI­ an Indian ambush. In 1619, the first as Governors, mayors, jurists and count­ (a), (b) etc., our U.S. tuna vessels must em­ legislative assembly on the American less other positions in Federal, State, and ploy at least 50% Mexican Nationals on their Continent met at Jamestown. However, local government. Their range of artistic, vessels before Mexico will sell them a. license some of the inhabitants were denied the literary, intellectual and social contri­ or permit to fish in their 200 mile economic right of representation. Among the disen­ butions has helped build our institutions zone, plus other requirements. franchised were the Poles, who decided to and fulfill our national life. Above all What the hell do we do with the 50% of cease working in the glass and soap fac­ U.S. fishermen that are supposedly to be fired they have always championed our Na­ or laid off to create employment for Mexican tories until the injustice was removed. tion's freedom and honor. Nationals? What happens to our collective Credited with the first victory for the In joining with Polish Americans bargaining agreements between U.S. tuna cause of freedom on the continent, these throughout our land in commemorat­ boat owners and fishermen's unions of many polish artisans quickly won their voting ing the proud triumph in 1791 when Po­ long years? What happens to our members rights. land immortalized her people's love of pension funding, their families hospital a.nd America was to benefit again and freedom in a democratic constitution, let medical plans, etc. I could go on a.nd on, but again from the commitment to freedom us recall that our national heritage is it's not necessary as I feel I have made my of its citizens of Polish descent. We rich with the gifts of ·the Polish people point. I hope you can use this in your argu­ gratefully acknowledge the services of ments as to why President Ford should veto and let us hope that the great rights H .R. 200. Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who railled to the contained in the Constitution of 1791 can Thank you for a.ll the support you have banner of our new-born country as it again triumph in a free Poland. given us in our battles over the years. You struggled for its independence. Jefferson may count on continued support from all wrote of Kosciuszko: of us. Keep up the good work and once He Is a. pure a son of liberty as I have again thanks. ever known. "DIARIO OFICIAL" MEXICO, FEBRU­ Sincerely yours, ARY 13, 1976 JOHN J. ROYAL, On October 13, 1783, Congress reward­ Executive Secretary-Treasurer . ed Kosciuszko with a brevet commission of brigadier general, as a token of their .. high sense of his long, faithful, and HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON [TRANSLATION] meritorious service." In 1784, Kosciuszko OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF STATE, returned to Poland and there was a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DIVISION OF LANGUAGE SERVXCES, Diario OficiaZ, Mexico, February 13,1976. courageous leader in the movement Wednesday, April 28, 1976 which created the Constitution of 1791. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE He distinguished himself in the Polish­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Decree amending Article 37 of the Fed- Russian campaign of 1792 and 2 years Speaker, my fellow Members of Con­ eral Law on Fisheries Development. later assumed the leadership of the gress are well aware of my strong In the margin, a stamp of the National heroic but unsuccessful Polish Insurrec­ opposition to the United States establish­ Seal, which reads: United Mexican States. tion. ing a 200-mile economic zone for the pro­ Office of the President of the Republic. tection of coastal :fisheries. Although I, Luis Echeverria Alvarez, Constitutional General Casimir Pulaski was another President of the United Mexican States, celebrated officer who distinguished him­ the legislation expressly exempts highlY hereby make known to the inhabitants self during the American Revolution. migratory species from the 200-mile thereof: Animated by idealism but unsuccessful zone, tuna fishermen in my district That the Congress of the Union has sent in his efforts to free Poland, he wanted fear that other nations will over­ to me t he following to fight for liberty in the New World. look this exception and will move to ex­ DECREE He arrived in AmeTica. in July 1777, and tend their jurisdiction to all fish located The Congress of the United MeXican States shortly thereafter was commissioned a in their economic zones, whether coastal, decrees: brigadier general by the Continental anad.romous, or highly migratory. Amendment of Article 37 of the Federal Congress. During the spring and summer A perfect example of this was brought Law on Fisheries Development. of 1778, General Pulaski came to our city to my attention in a letter written by Sole Article. Article 87 of the Federal Law of Baltimore to recruit and organize an Mr. John J. Royal, executive secretary­ on Fisheries Development is hereby amended independent corps of cavalry and in­ treasurer of the Fisherman and Allied to read as follows: fantry. Pulaski's Legion from Baltimore Workers' Union Local 33 ILWU, 1n San Article 87. Commercial fishing by foreign Mr. vessels 1n territorial waters and in the waters and neighboring areas served with dis­ Pedro, calif. Royal enclosed a copy of the exclusive economic zone is hereby tinction in South Carolina and Georgia of a translation of the Government of prohibited. and Pulaski himself gave his life for the Mexico's Decree amending their Federal In exceptional cases, the Federal Execu­ cause of American freedom when he was Law on Fisheries Development. tive, acting through the Department of In­ shot and mortally wounded during the I urge my colleagues to read this "Di­ dustry and Commerce, may grant permits to siege of Savannah. ario Oficial" Decree, and consider care.. foreign fishing vessels for each trip, when April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11731 the total allowable catch of a species exceeds power that I began as a part of a series The most dramatic change has occurred in the fishing capacity of national vessels. last month, I commend to my colleagues the strategic nuclear balance, where the So­ Persons interested in obtaining such a a careful, judicious appraisal by Barry viet Union has moved from gross inferiority permit &hall submit an application to the to rough parity. Fo::: example, in 1965, the Department of Industry and Commerce M. Blechman, senior fellow and head of US held roughly 7-to-1 edge in total equiva­ stating net tonnage of holds, t ype of vessel, the defense analysis staff of the Brook­ lent megatonnage-the best static measure and fishing gear; must present a National ings Institution. Mr. Blechman's ap­ of the destructive potential of nuclear weap­ Fishing Registration Certificate; and shall praisal appeared in the January 3-10, ons. The ratio is now about 1.3-to-1 in favor agree to the following: 1976, issue of New Republic magazine in of the Soviet Union and is likely to increase I. Not to unload their catch in national an article entitled "Are the Soviets in the years ahead. The United States still territory; Ahead? Handicapping the Arms Race." retains a number of advantages in strategic II. To leave the waters of the zone within In his article, Mr. Blechman empha­ nuclear capabilities. For example, the US the time limit set; lead in the number of independently target­ III. Not to engage in commercial fishing sizes that for the past dozen years the able warheads is still about 3.5-to-1. But or hunting of marine mammals, of species United States has been spending less and Soviet mastery of multiple warhead tech­ reserved for fishery cooperatives, or species the Soviet Union has been spending more nology and other advances now emerging reserved for sport fishing, as indicated in for military purposes. "Real" U.S. mili­ from its research program promise to close Articles 40 and 10 of this law; tary spending has declined by about 20 these remaining gaps during the next decade. IV. The technology used in the fishing percent in that period, while the same In Europe additional Soviet military operations and in the industrial processing figure for the Soviet Union has increased spending has been used mainly to improve of catches made under these authorizations 40 percent, according to the article-a the quality of the forces deployed there. (The shall be made available to nationals on a in Soviet Union did add five divisions to its completely gratuitous basis; 60-percent shift preparedness as be­ Eastern European deployment at the time of V. To make a cash deposit as a guaranty of tween offensive and defensive forces. the Czech invasion, and has kept them compliance with the preceding obligations; A change of this magnitude in the bal­ there.) The Soviet military has introduced VI. The following rules must also be com­ ance of power damages world stability new kinds of weaponry, such as seLf-propelled plied with in applying for permits to fish in and the prospects for peace. It places in artillery and mobile air defenses. It has in­ territo rial waters : jeopardy the American concept of liberty, creased the number of armored fighting ve­ (a) At least 50 % of the crew must be com­ the freedom of the West, and the inde­ hicles assigned to each division, and generally posed of Mexican nationals; pendence of emerging nations. has modernized its equipment. In the near (b) The national crew must be hired in Mr. Blechman's article follows: future it seems likely that the main area for Mexican territory, with wages and benefits improvement will be the Soviet tactical air equal to those of the foreign crew when they The United States will spend almost twice forces-the newest aircraft now entering the are higher than national wages and benefits; as much for defense in the current fiscal Soviet inventory are far more capable than (c) The parties shall agree not to engage year, 1976, as it did in 1964. But the increase their predecessors. Overall, while there has ln commercial fishing of anchoveta and is more apparent than real. After inflation is not been any sudden or dramatic shift in the sardines; taken account of, and if parts of the budget military balance in Europe, many US and (d) The parties shall agree not to take live (like pensions for retired military personnel) West European defense planners fear that sardine for bait in the zone prohibited by that contribute little to military capabilities NATO's conventional force posture is becom­ the Department of Industry and Commerce; are taken out of the calculation, quite a dif­ ing increasingly less credible. Should these (e) The parties shall agree not to engage ferent trend emerges; real military spending concerns be transmitted to political lead­ in commercial fishing in zones reserved has declined by about 20 percent in the past ers-and there are some signs that such a under the terms of this law. 12 years. This decline represents a major process may be underway-it could raise se­ The Department of Industry and Com­ change in the nation's priorities. During the rious problems for the alliance over time. At merce shall make decisions in accordance same 12-year period, U.S. defense expendi­ the recent NATO meetings, the Socialist gov­ tures fell from 8.3 percent of the gross na­ with national interests. If its decision is ernments of Western Europe seemed particu­ favorable, the party concerned must pay the tional product and 43 percent of federal out­ larly apprehensive that a diminished Ameri­ taxes and fees prescribed by the tax provi­ lays, to about 5.8 percent of GNP and 25 per­ can military presence might encourage the cent of the federal budget. Soviets and further strain detente. sions in force. Conversely U.S. intelligence agencies esti­ In granting exceptional permits, the de­ Finally the naval balance. Here the Soviets partment of Industry and Commerce shall mate that Soviet military spending has been have been pursuing a steady program to im­ give preference to foreign vessels from coun­ increasing steadily. Assessments vary, but a prove the quality of their fleet. The Soviet tries which grant equal conditions of reci­ good guess seems to be that Soviet defense navy does seem to have been designed main­ spending has risen between three and four ly to counter the threats posed to the USSR procity to Mexican vessels, and may exempt percent each year, for a cumulative real in­ them from fulfillment of one or more of the by Western sea-based strike forces-aircraft requirements and conditions indicated above crease of perhaps 40 percent between 1964 carriers and strategic submarines. Moreover and 1976. As a result there has been a marked the United States retains significant advan­ when national interests so justify. change in relative U.S.-Soviet military spend­ TRANSITORY PROVISION tages in naval power, notably in sea-based ing. U.S. defense expenditures, which ex­ aviation. Nonetheless there has been a marked Sole Paragraph. This law shall enter into ceeded those of the Soviet Union by about change in relative naval capabilities over the force at the same time as the additional 20 percent in 1964, are now only about 70 past 12 years that may have important im­ eighth paragraph of Article 27 of the Con­ percent of the Soviet total. plications for the future success of US for­ stitution. The specific extent of the change in rela­ eign policy. While the USSR has not yet de­ Mexico, D.F., December 26, 1975. Emilio M. tive spending is a matter of dispute. The veloped a large marine corps with amphibious Gonzalez Parra, S. P. Luis del Toro Calero, accuracy of the estimates and the methodol­ ships and sea-based air power to back it up, D.P. German Corona del Rosal, S.S. Ma. ogy employed to get them have been chal­ the Soviets have the missile-equipped air­ Edwigis Vega Padilla, D.S. lenged. But there is no doubt about the craft and submarines in some regions, like In compliance with the provisions of Ar­ direction of the trend: the United States is the Eastern Mediterranean, to make the ticle 89(I) of the Political Constitution of spending less, and the Soviet Union is spend­ United States think twice before interven­ the United Mexican States, and for purposes ing more; and that has been going on for ing with its own forces. of its due publication and observance, I here­ about a dozen years. Of what political significance is all this? by issue this Decree at the Federal Execu­ Have these contrasting budgetary trends Two schools of thought have developed. A tive's residence, Mexico City, Federal District, resulted in important changes in the Inili­ "minimalist" discounts the political signifi­ on Februnary 10, 1976. Luis Echeverria tary balance, or will they soon? And if the cance of these changes in the military bal­ Alvarez. Jose Campillo Sainz, Secretary of balance has been seriously affected, does that ance, stressing three factors: Industry and Commerce. Mario Moya Palen­ imply adverse consequences for US foreign 1.} The overriding deterrent effect of the cia, Secretary of Government. policy and for maintaining a relatively stable risk of nuclear war. Awareness of the devasta­ international political system in the years tion that would accompany a major nuclear ahead? On the first question, the facts are exchange has had a sobering effect on the THE BALANCE(S) OF POWER: II clear. There have been important changes­ behavior of the superpowers. The fear of nu­ (iD-A PANORAMIC PERSPEC­ adverse ones. It is true that much of the ad­ clear war (even the fear of precipitating a. TIVE ditional Soviet spending was made necessary situation in which the likelihood of nuclear by the build-up on the Chinese border. While war might increase) has caused both super­ the United States shLfted its military plan­ HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE ning from buying forces sufficient to fight powers to behave prudently ... most of the two major wars simultaneously to forces ade­ time. Insofar as nothing has happened that OF KENTUCKY quate for one war, the USSR saw a need to promises to end either superpower's ability IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES move in the opposite direction. Nonetheless, to destroy the other, should the worst occur, a "minimalist" believes that this restrai.nt is Wednesday, April 28, 1976 over the past 12 years, Soviet military capa­ bilities, relative to those of the United States, likely to continue. He thus ca.n discount Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, have improved markedly in three important changes in the military balance-and par· continuing the overview of balance(s) of arenas. ticularly those in the sector in which change 11732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 19t6 has been most dramat ic: the strategic n uclear cisely the same military capability, the less A TRffiUTE TO Bn.L COBB balance. efficient military establishment would have 2.) Accommodation in Europe. Here the the larger budget. Nor do I believe that the "minimalist" points mainly to the settle­ competition in strategic nuclear weapons is HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA ment of past disputes. So what if Soviet mili­ very significant. So long as our secure re­ OF HAWAII tary capabilities in Europe are improving, taliatory capability is not in question, the what is there to fight about? The USSR has maintenance of rough overall parity is quite IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its buffer zone in Eastern Europe, legitimized suffi.cient to ensure that nuclear weapons do Wednesday, April 28, 1976 at Helsinki this past summer. Germany has not play a role in the resolution of interna· apparently given up any thoughts of unifica­ tional conflict. Finally there is little reason Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, Ha­ tion. The Soviet Union has access to the to match Soviet involvement in remote cor­ waii, as it was also true of our early West's capital, technology and food. Risk all ners of the globe. Neither Soviet adventures Western territories, was given develop­ that, and more? For what? Certainly not for in Angola, nor the establishment of Soviet mental impetus by Americans of vision, t he fulfillment of. an old ideological dream. bases in Somalia, threaten important US integrity, and energy. This pioneering 3.) The relative insignificance of the super­ interests. And in all likelihood, just as we spirit was brought to the Pacific islands powers' policies generally, and their armed so painfully learned in Southeast Asia, the in some cases by New Englanders, and forces specifically, in determining the course cost of these forays to the Russians wiU of world affairs. On this point, the "minimal­ soon exceed any possible benefit. in other cases by so-called "westerners" ist" emphasizes that for many reasons-na­ On the other hand there is nothing to be themselves. One who can be named as tionalism, the global revolution in commu­ gained, and potentially much to be lost, by belonging to the latter group is the Hon­ nications, economic interdependence, the nu­ ignoring changes in the military balance. orable William B. Cobb, who, for the clear standoff--crises come and go in world The Soviet military build-up has now passed past 14 years, has served with great dis­ affairs with relatively little effective interven­ the point where it could be attributed solely tinction as the one and only referee in tion by the superpowers. In effect, and with to their quest for equallty. Nor can it any bankruptcy of the U.S. District Court, few exceptions, the outcomes of local con­ longer be lightly passed off as the price the District of Hawaii. flicts seem to depend mainly on the rela­ political leadership has had to pay to the tive strengths of local actors. Vietnam Soviet military for a relatively restrained It was but a few weeks before Decem­ demonstrated that conclusively, the "mlni­ foreign policy. And even if it could, one ber 7, 1941, that Hawaii first saw Bill malist" says. And if the proposition is not wonders how long the now expanded mili­ Cobb, as he is known to all whose lives true, how then, for example, does one explain tary would remain content. he has touched. A westerner, Bill had the erosion of the Soviet position in Egypt The time has come to expect a sign from come to the Western territory of the at precisely the time when Soviet military the USSR of its seriousness about reaching United States-Hawaii-in search of new power in the region was most on the up­ accommodations with the West--a tangible challenges and new fields on which to swing? To the degree that the superpowers sign in the form of unilateral restraint in its do have influence, this view continues, it is military expansion. To the degree that there leave the Cobb imprint. When the war likely to depend far more on economic pol­ is a US-Soviet arms race today, the pace is started, Bill was called to duty as an icies, on diplomacy, and on intangible factors set by the USSR. If the Soviets abhor such Army officer and served as aide-de-camp like the personalities of their leaders and the competition, as they say they do, it is up to to Gen. Delos C. Emmons, Military Gov­ wisdom of their policies, than on changes in Soviet leaders to give meaning to their words. ernor of Hawaii. But Bill's military serv­ the military balance. In the absence of such a sign, I think that ice actually dates back to the First World A "maximalist," one who sees grave political prudence alone would call for a response War, and his family•s participation in significance in the shift in the military bal­ from the United States; a demonstration of the development of the West is now a ance, probably finds little to quarrel with willingness to compete in those areas most in these three points. He is far less sanguine important to US-Soviet relations: Europe matter of recorded history in the States about the future, however, believing as he and the Middle East. It is not the United of Kansas, Wyoming, and Hawaii. does that the present fairly equable state of States' capacity to match pertinent advances In Kansas, where Bill was born in 1894, world affairs depends on deliberate policy in Soviet military capabilities that is in ques­ his family gained prominence in public choices by the USSR. In short, he believes tion; it is our Will to do so. In light of the service. His grandfather, a Republican, that if things appear calm now, they are strident internal discord over Southeast won the nomination for Governor, which only so because the Soviet Union has chosen Asia, the continuing imbroglio between Con­ was then considered to be the equivalent to keep them that way. And he believes that gress and the executive over foreign policy, of election, but passed away before he should the past 10-year trend in the military the virtual paralysis of the presidency within balance continue for much longer, there will the past few years, questioning should not be was formally elected and his term begun. be less restraint in Soviet behavior. The So­ unexpected. Changes in the military balance Bill Cobb earned his undergraduate viet role in the October 1973 war in the Mid­ in Europe and the Middle East only heighten degree at the University of Wyoming be­ dle East may be a case in point, he argues. these concerns, however. Pointed changes in fore joining the American Expeditionary The lack of progress in the negotiations to the US defense budget and military posture Force in 1916 and serving the next 2 formally control the milltary balance in Eu­ might go a long way toward dispelling doubts. years in France and Belgium. Following rope--the MBFR talks-may be another, and Such a. move need not imply an increase the end of World War I, Bill, character­ the blatant Soviet intervention in Angola a in the defense budget. There are sectors of istically, before turning to personal in­ third. US military spending in which further cuts terests, served on a U.S. Food Relief Mis­ Moreover the "maxlmalist" is more skep­ could be made, sectors that still operate in­ sion to Russia. tical about nuclear restraint. If suffi.cient ad­ efficiently or that still fund forces inappro­ After earning his law degree at the vantage accrues to the USSR in strategic priate for conflicts that are likely to be faced power, he believes, it will be used, maybe not in the years ahead. Yet other sectors, par­ University of Kansas, Bill practiced law in a physical sense, but at least in direct ticularly those that finance conventional in Wyoming while serving five tenns as a support of Soviet policy through nuclear forces appropriate for European and. Micld.le member of the Wyoming Legislature, ris­ blackmail. Most of all, the "maximallst" sees Eastern contingencies, deserve new emphasis. ing to the post of majority leader. the changing military balance as a symbol of Such moves should include a continuance, Following his family's populist think­ changing wills. He interprets the United and an elaboration, of the changes in the ing, Bill became a Democrat while still States' reluctance to spend more on defense US milltary posture in Europe prompted by living in Wyoming and after having as a sign of its weariness, its growing iso­ the Nunn amendment and instituted by served as Wyoming state chairman of lationism, its overriding preoccupation with former Secretary of Defense James R. Schles­ inger. And they should also include accel­ the Republican Party. This change of individual pursuits. And he believes that political parties was just another bit of military and political leaders in the Soviet erat ed modernization schedules for certain Union interpret it in the same way. Con­ kinds of military. hardware, as well as far­ evidence of Bill's dynamic and progres­ versely he views continuing increases in So­ reaching reforms 1n the structure of some sive personal philosophy which, in my viet military spending as tangible evidence components of the armed forces. opinion, manifested itself in two other of ominous Soviet intentions, of the very It 1s only by demonstrating our ability to great events of his life, both of which restrictive interpretation that the Soviets match pertinent advances in Soviet military occurred in Hawaii during World War n. place of detente, and of their continuing capabilities within realistic budget ceilings, First, as aide-de-camp to the Military that Soviet leaders will come to understand belief in the inevitability of conflict. the futility, and the dangers, of the present Governor of Hawaii, Bill argued success­ My own view falls somewhere between these competition. And we can only attain that fully against mass internment of the en­ two obviously caricatured extremes. Aggre-_ objective by reordering our military priorities tire Japanese population in the then ter­ gate budgetary comparisons are not very so as to emphasize those forces that would ritory of Hawaii. meaningful; for one thing the approach re­ be applicable in the contingencies likely to Second, he was instrumental 1n wards inefficiency. If both nations had pre- be encountered in the years ahead. helping to overcome official objections to April 98, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11733 the formation of the famed 442d regi­ Mr. Cobb served five terms as a member of pl.:: of Ha wail he earned as manifested by the mental combat team, a fighting unit the Wyoming Legislature, rising to the chair­ vote he drew for Delegate to Congress in made up predominantly of Americans of manship of the committee on finance and 1950, thereby beginning the massive involve­ Japanese ancestry, which later was to later to Majority Leader; and ment, and change of political thinklng, of Whereas, he culminated his service to the the vast bulk of the electorate of these Is­ become the most decorated outfit in the people of Wyoming as State Chairman of the lands; now, therefore, annals of U.S. military history. Republican Party during the 1930's, then fol­ Be it resolved by the House of Representa­ Mr. Speaker, despite this impressive lowing the family's populist thinking, then tives of the Eighth Legislature of the State biographical summary, from which I prevalent in the plains states as a result of of Hawaii, Regular Session of 1976, the necessarily omitted many parts of Bill the Great Depression, he resigned and cam­ Senate concurring, that this Legislature, Cobb's lengthy and varied career as at­ paigned successfully for the re-election of having reviewed this eighty-one year record torney, lawmaker, party official, military Democratic United States Senator Joseph C. of. labor, judicious devotion, and indepen­ officer, relief worker, humanitarian, O'Ma.honey--saying with a fondly remem­ dent thinking of Federal Bankruptcy Judge bered expression that his opponent "didn't William B. Cobb of the Federal District labor-management arbitrator, and bank­ even have cow-manure on his boots"; and Court for the District of Hawaii, is compelled ruptcy judge, I think of him most fondly Whereas, in the fall of 1941 William Cobb to recognize his distinguished service, and as "the boss." migrated to Hawaii, barely having time to therefore resolves that this body express its After World War II, Bill Cobb re­ unpack before the War started, and, served considered appreciation of, a.nd its great turned to civilian life in Hawaii as the as Aid-de-camp to General Delos c. Em­ Aloha for, the direct contribution of Wil­ Regi()nal Director of the Office of Surplus mons, the Military Governor of Hawaii, d :.tr­ liam B. Cobb to the peace and improve­ Property, Department of the Interior. He ing which time he argued successfully against ment of the lives of the citizens of Hawaii. the mass internment of the Territory's en­ More succinctly, this Legislature expresses was my immediate superior, for I, as tire Japanese population; and the mahalo of the people of Hawaii to Wil­ another newly-returned war veteran, was Whereas, he assisted General Emmons and liam B. Cobb as one of the Grand Old Men hired as Chief of the Veterans and Prior­ then Colonel Chandler J. "Wooch" Fielder of the Democratic Party of Hawaii; and ity Division, War Assets Administration. in three times seeking approval, with ulti­ Be it furthe.::: resolved that certified copies From that time to the present, the bonds mate success, to authorize the orders for the of this Concurrent Resolution be trans­ of our friendship have grown stronger formation of the famed 442nd Regimental mitted to the Honorable William B. Cobb, with the passing years. Combat Team, forever known as the "Go for Judge in Bankruptcy, the Federal District Mr. Speaker, in view of Bill Cobb's Broke" Regiment; and Court for the District of Hawaii; to his wife, Whereas, Cobb was transferred to the Lee Ann Cobb; to his daughter, Stephanie long period of service, the Hawaii State mainland, where one of his initial assign­ M. Wood of Moose, Wyoming; to his son, Legislature chose to honor him on the ment was to oversee the processing of release the Honorable Steve Cobb, State Representa­ eve of his retirement as a bankruptcy papers of some 125,000 people interned from tive for Diamond Head to Aina Haina; to judge. This took the form of a concur­ the West Coast; and the Senior United States District Court rent resolution which was adopted by Whereas, in 1943, Cobb turned down a staff Judge, Martin C. Pence; the Senior United both Houses of the State Legislature dur­ assignment and promotion in order to re­ States District Court Judge, C. Nils Tavares; ing the closing days of its 1976 season. main with General Emmons and was sent to the Chief United States District court Judge, In order that my colleagues and others North Africa, where he saw action with Gen­ Samuel King; to the United States judge, eral Emmons, and in 1944 he was sent to the Dick Yin Wong; to Justice Bernard Levinson may know more about Bill Cobb, a great Alaskan command; and (retil·ed); to the Governor of Hawaii, George son of the west, I submit for inclusion Wherea-s, returning home in 1945, Cobb was C. Ariyoshi; the President of the Hawaii in the RECORD the concw·rent resolution appointed, and served two years, as the Ter­ Bar Association, C. Frederick Schutte; and of the Hawaii State Legislature. ritory's Surplus Property Officer during which to each of the members of the delegation [House of Representatives, Eighth Legisla­ time he had the foresight to hire another to the Congress of the United States from ture, 1976, State of Hawaii] returning veteran, Spark M. Matsunaga, as Hawaii. one of his first employees; and HousE CoNCURRENT REsoLUTioN No. 112 Whereas, from 1947 on, Cobb was finally Expressing recognition, appreciation, and able to practice law in Honolulu, this was aloha to United States Judge in Bankruptcy: at best interinittent for the ensuing fifteen VETERANS AND THE COST OF William B. Cobb. years-long interruptions occurred almost LIVING Whereas, William B. Cobb, the United annually due to his active participation in States Judge in Bankruptcy for the federal the nascent political life of the Territory. district of Hawaii since 1962 is retiring from Among other endeavors, Mr. Cobb stood as HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the bench this month; and the Democratic candidate for Delegate to OF FLORmA Whereas, W1lliam B. Cobb was born in Congress in 1950, resulting in the closest race Kansas in 1894, his family migrating to for that office by a Democrat to that date; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wyoming where he earned a bachelor of arts none of which particularly contributed to Wednesday, April 28, 1976 in 1916 at the t;niversity of Wyoming; and his health or to his practice of the law; and Whereas, Cobb followed his fa.mily's tradl­ Whereas, while William Cobb practiced Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, our con­ tion, established prior to the American Oivil law with Bernard Levinson in Honolulu, he sideration of the first concurrent resolu­ War, by joining the Republican Party, his saw his distinguished colleague named to the tion on the budget has raised a very dis­ first electoral efforts occurring in 1912 when Circuit Court and then the State Supreme turbing question in my mind-the an­ be campaigned in Wyoming for the election Court-and himself named in 1962 to serve nual status of funds for cost of living in­ of Theodore Roosevelt on the Bull Moose as the United States Judge in Bankruptcy creases for veterans' entitlement pro­ ticket; and for the federal district of Hawaii by the Whereas, Cobb served in the American Ex­ Senior District Judge, Martin C. Pence, dur­ grams. Unlike a number of other fed­ peditionary Force during World War I, serv­ ing the administration of John Kennedy; and erally financed benefit programs, vet­ ing two years in France and Belgium; an Whereas, his consistency, integrity, and erans' programs such as compensation, accomplished cavalryman, trained in gunnery fairness are recognized by his colleagues in pensions, and educational assistance are and left the service as a First Lieutenant in that he has served as a labor-management not tied by law to the cost of living, and Field Artillery; and arbitrator for over twenty-five years and is benefits do not automatically increase Whereas, a.t the end of the War in 1919, constantly in demand; and when the cost of living goes up. Cobb served as an administrative officer of a Whereas, Judge Cobb has performed most The administration has played a neat food mission sent by Herbert Hoover to re­ judiciously as the Federal Judge in Bank­ lieve the Russians during the Civil War ruptcy for Hawaii, and has amassed a de­ game with this unfortunate situation. there; a.nd served and enviable list of formal and in­ The Presic!ent's budget did not include Whereas, returning to the west, Cobb se­ formal honors, among which: any funds for veterans' increases this cured a law degree at the University of The award of the Legion of Merit upon year, nor, indeed, were they included last Kansas, he thereafter engaged in the practice his final retirement With full honors as a year. When Congress, acting equitably of law in Oa.sper, Wyoming, until 1941; and Colonel in the Army of the United States; toward veterans, votes as we did today Whereas, during the twenty years Mr. Cobb His recognition as the eldest living for­ to put the necessary funds into the budg­ lived in Wyoming, he participated actively in mer president of the Benevolent and Pro­ et, we are called to task for exceeding the orga.niza.tional and political life of that tective Order of Elks Lodge of Casper, Wyo­ State, following a long tradition in his family ming; the President's budget request. Had the of generations of lawyers: The recognition by the people of Wyo­ funds been there from the beginning, as His grandfather was nominated for Gover­ ming in following his leadership and in­ they were for the nonveterans• benefit nor of Kansas by the Republican Party, the dependent judgment in the re-election of programs which are tied to the Consumer equivalent of election, passing away before Democratic Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney; Price Index, this need not have haP­ his term could begin; The respect and recognition of the peo- pened. However, as the system operates CXXII--741-Part 10 11734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 now, veterans are held hostage by an administered by the Veterans' Administra­ was used for all four organizat ions to get administration looking for weapons to tion be adjusted annually to reflect changes together and from the July 4 Coalition. use against Congress. in the Consumer Price Index. In neither of the last two budgets has the The coalition call reads in part: There is a very simple remedy-Con­ President requested funds to provide cost of gress can pass legislation to index As all know, the bosses and the politicians living increases in veterans' benefits, al­ are having a big Bicentennial celebration and veterans' benefits to the Consumer Price though they are recognized, in the words of want everybody to come out July 4 to cele­ Index, and take them out of the political the Committee Report on the First Concur­ brate the first 200 years of this country. arena. I am today introducing a bill to rent Resolution on the Budget, as equitable The owning class and their politicians an bring this about, and have written to the and inevitable. When Congress, with the rec­ have a thousand things to say why we work­ ommendation of the Committee on Veterans' ing people should go. * • * Constantly the distinguished chairman of the Commit­ Affairs, and in fairness to our Nation's vet­ "common interes~" we have in the system is tee on Veterans' Affairs to request early erans, votes as we did today to include suffi­ consideration of and action on this drummed out as they call on us to "rekindle cient funds for cost of living increases for the spirit of '76," make sacrifices, bite the proposal. veterans, we are accused of overrunning the bullet and produce more, so we can all get Our Nation's veterans have served us President's budget-a budget which should out of the present crisis. include these funds from the beginning. well, and many have suffered disability * * * to all this we say No, * * * It has as a result of their service. It is our The simplest solution to this situation is to been our hard work and labor that has built obligation and duty to see that their just make such cost of living increases automatic, up all the wealth in this country. * • * compensation, richly deserved and au­ based on the Consumer Price Index. But we've been robbed of all the fruit of our I would like to urge you at this time to labor by that class of parasites that runs the thorized by Congress, is not used as a give your earliest consideration to this pro­ weapon in a game they have no part in. posal, so our veterans may in future budgets government and all of society for their profits and luxury. * * * For 200 years our hard It is only right that our veterans be be assured of equitable and fair benefit levels. work and all it has produced has carrled -a protected from unfair financial attack With thanks and best wishes, I am small handful of bosses and enabled them to and assured that their benefits will re­ Sincerely, WILLIAM LEHMAN, live in riches and luxury, • * * . flect the costs of life in the Nation they Member of Congress. Yes, fellow workers, we have worked and have defended at great sacrifice. struggled hard for 200 years and what is our Mr. Speaker, the text of my bill and lot? Increasing crisis, in which want and mis­ my letter to Chairman RoBERTS follow: ery lie heavily on our shoulders, unemploy­ ment is our constant companion, and once H.R. 13400 BICENTENNIAL DISRUPTIONS ARE again the threat o! war, even world war, A bill to provide for annual adjustments in PLANNED BY REVOLUTIONARY hangs menacingly over our head. * • • monthly monetary benefits administered COMMUNIST PARTY, U.S.A. We will be in Philly on July 4th, but not by the Veterans' Administration, according to celebrate this system that keeps us locked to changes in the Consumer Price Index in their chain of profits. For on this day of Be it enacted by the Senate and House HON. LARRY McDONALD their glorious celebration, the so-called high of Representatives of the United States of OF GEORGIA and mighty will be confronted by those they America in Congress assembled, That (a) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rob and rule. Thousands of workers, employed chapter 53 of title 38, United States Code, is and unemployed, veterans, youth, students amended by adding at the end thereof the Wednesday, April 28, 1976 and many others will be coming together following new section: Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. * * * to unite around the slogan and banner "§ 3111. Annual adjustment of benefit rates that truly reflects the sentiments of the Speaker, the planning of Cuban-domi­ American people toward the bosses and poli­ "Annually, effective January 1, the Ad­ nated U.S. revolutionaries which began ministrator shall increase or decrease, in an ticians, "We've carried the rich for 200 years. amount equal to the percentage by which the last spring for Bicentennial disruptions Let's get them off our backs." Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price in Philadelphia on July 4 has moved a Index (all items, United States city average) rival Communist organization to plan The Revolutionary Communist Party increased or decreased since rates were last their own activities in that city on the has held local conferences for coalition changed, the monthly rates of the following Fourth of July. cadre, and regional conferences in Cin­ benefits: compensation, dependency and in­ The Revolutionary Communist Party, cinnati and Philadelphia during March. demnity compensation, pension, subsistence U.S.A.-RCPUSA-formerly the Revolu­ Two additional slogans have been raised, allowance, educational assistance allowance, tionary Union-RU-is organizing its "Jobs or income now," and "We won't and special training allowance. Where the fight another rich man's war." rate so determined involves a fraction of a cadre and supporters for a July 4 Phila­ dollar, the amount payable shall be fixed at delphia demonstration. As its organizing The RCP is apparently using the Bi­ the nearest dollar, with fifty cents being in­ vehicle, the RU/RCPUSA has formed a centennial demonstration as the focus creased to the next higher dollar. In any "July 4 Coalition" through its fronts and for its first big national demonstration case wherein a rate increase is indicated, subsidiary organizations. The RCPUSA's as a formal Leninist party. The RU/ however, the minimum increase shall be $1 RCPUSA's principal rival, the October per month.". July 4 Coalition consists of Vietnam vet­ erans against the war-VVAW; the Un­ League-O~has had a central commit­ (b) The table of sections at the beginning tee delegation in Communist China dur­ of such chapter 53 is amended by adding employed Workers Organizing Commit­ at the end thereof the following: tee-UWOC; and the Revolutionary Stu­ ing March and April in preparation for its transformation into an official Com­ "3111. Annual adjustment of benefit rates." dent Brigade-RSB, the RCPUSA's of­ SEc. 2. Annually, effective January 1, the ficial youth arm. munist Party-Mao Thought-later this Administrator shall increase or decrease, in The RCPUSA's July 4 Coalition should year. an amount equal to the percentage by which not be confused with the coalition of the The RCPUSA, at the time of its Oc­ the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer same name organizing in January 1976, tober 1975 name change, dropped a large Price Index (all items, United States city by the Cuban-controlled Puerto Rican number of its members as having insuffi­ average) increased or decreased since rates cient revolutionary talent. The RCP to­ were last changed, the monthly rates of pen­ Socialist Party-PSP; the Weather Un­ sion payable under the first sentence of sec­ derground's Prairie Fire Organizing gether with its Revolutionary Student tion 9(b) of the Veterans Pension Act of Committee--PFOC; the National Law­ Brigade, VVAW, and UWOC, would find 1959. Where the rate so determined involves yers Guild-NLG; the Communist Party, it difficult to muster more than 700 to 900 a fraction of a dollar, it shall be fixed at the U.S.A.-CPUSA; and other groups. people; but the record for violence of nearest dollar, with fifty cents being in­ The call for the RCPUSA's July 4 na­ these tightly disciplined Maoists indi­ creased to the next higher dollar. In any case cates they could pose a serious problem wherein a rate increase is indicated, how­ tional demonstration was issued through Vietnam veterans against the war­ to public order in Philadelphia on July 4. ever, the minimum increase shall be $1 per To aid in better understanding the month. VVAW-which has been an RU front SEc. 3. This Act shall take effect on Janu­ since early 1974. The RCPUSA reported threat posed by the RCPUSA and its ary 1, 1976. that VVAW held a national steering fronts, some background information on committee meeting in Chicago on Febru­ the organization may be helpful: The Revolutionary Union-RU-was APRIL 28, 1976. ary 14 and 15: Hon. RAY ROBERTS, Present were invited observers from other formed in the San Francisco Bay area of Chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, organizations, including the Unemployed California in the spring of 1969 by Mao­ Washington, D.C. Workers Organizing Committee, the Revo­ ist Communist members of Students for DEAR RAY: I have today introduced a bill lutionary Communists Party and Revo­ a Democratic Society-SDS-and others, to provide that monthly monetary benefits lutionary Student Brigade. This opportunity many of whom had been active in the April 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11735 Progressive Labor Party-PLP-origi­ Birmingham Area, Box 2334, Birmingham, four of the New Jersey State colleges­ nally a Maoist-and Stalinist--split from AL 35201. Trenton, Patterson, Jersey City, and the Communist Party, before the PLP re­ Chicago-Gary Area, P.O. Box 17449, Chi­ cago, IL 60617 (English & Spanish). Rutgers-Newark. jected Mao and the Red Chinese. Ma.ryland-D.C.-Virginia Area, P.O. Box After 2 hours of speeches from student Founding and leading members of the 4449, Baltimore, MD 21223 and 309 Fleet government representatives and mem­ RU included Robert Avakian, 33, son of Street, Baltimore, MD [301/563-1315]. bers of the American Federation of "Old Left" National Lawyers Guild attor­ Detroit and Southeast Michigan, 3136 E. Teachers, the small RSB contingent led ney and judge, Spurgeon Avakian; Leibel Davidson, Detroit, MI 48212 [313/893-0523] a rush up the State capitol steps, claim­ Bergman, 61, a Stalinist former CPUSA (English and Arabic). ing they were going to drag out Governor member who was active in PLP during Cleveland, Northeast Ohio Area, P .0. Box Byrne. A New Jersey State police canine its Maoist period; Barry Greenberg and 10520, Cleveland, OH 44110. Southwest Ohio, P.O. Box 19304, Cincin­ unit stopped the RSB-led charge, and his wife, Mary Lou Greenberg, both 36; nati, OH 45219. [513/542-7421]. after a series of scu1Des with the State Chris Milton, 25, who lived in the People's Milwaukee Area, Box 08305, Milwaukee, WI police, the crowd dispersed. Republic of China for 3 years as a teen­ 53208 (English & Spanish). It is noted that the RSB is angry about ager and was a member of the Red the "bad press" it received for this in­ Guards; Steve Hamilton, 32; and William The RCPUSA states that it is "strug­ cident: gling to build and strengthen" the Un­ Hinton, 57, a long-time resident in. Red They made it seem like the hundreds of China who now in the United States is employed Workers Organizing Commit­ students who seized the steps were just blind a leader of the U.S. China People's tee-UWOC-which operates nationally sheep who were tricked by the communists Friendship Association. from P.O. Box 3358, San Leandro, Calif. in the Brigade. 94578. The UWOC claims some 28 chap­ The RU/RCPUSA headquarters are in The Revolutionary Student Brigade is Chicago and it operates from Box 3486, ters. Its membership is principally RCP cadre plus persons being recruited into also upset because "the State police an­ Merchandise Mart, Chicago, Ill. 60654 the party. nounced an 'intensive probe' of the RSB (312/383-6683). Chapters exist in some to scare students away from the Brigade 25 cities, including Vietnam veterans against the war­ VVAW-was captured by the Revolution­ and further struggle. They're being P.O. Box 3541, Highland Park (Detroit), MI ary Union in 1974. The non-RU activists helped in this by leaders of the student 48203. and revolutionaries of VV AW broke with government who recently offered to point P.O. Box 132, Iowa City, IA 52240. out RSB members to the police." Any P.O. Box 12245, Cincinnati, OH 45212. that organization because of the infiex­ P.O. Box 2537, Cleveland, OH 44112. ibility of the RU line being promulgated student government leaders so assisting P.O. Box 2663, Madison, WI 53701. by the VV AW leadership and the RU the State police who are responsible for P.O. Box 1754, Milwaukee, WI 53201. cadre in the chapters. VV AW publishes protecting the life of the Governor and P.O. Box 14452, Portland, OR 97214. the Veteran from P.O. Box 20184, Chi­ State property should be commended. P.O. Box 3224, Seattle, WA 98114. cago, Ill. 60620; and a new "Program of An almost identical scenario occurred P.O. Box 3864, Los Angeles, CA 90051. in Albany, N.Y., on March 16, 1976. P.O. Box 7435, Spreckles, CA 93962 (Salinas VVAW" is available for 25 cents at that address. In numbers VVA W is a shadow Again, the RSB contingents were blocked Va.lley). from "bringing out the Governor" and Box 291, 1230 Grant Avenue, San Fran- of its former self and serves virtually as cisco, CA 94133. the RCP's "male cadre club." some arrests were made. P.O. Box 9001, Denver, CO 80209. By far the most active of the RU/RCP Clearly the Revolutionary Communist P.O. Box 9036, Houston, TX 77011. subgroups is the Revolutionary Student Party, U.S.A. and its subsidiary organiza­ P.O. Box 1445, Birmingham, AL 35201. Brigade-RSB. The RSB describes itself tions present a threat to public order not P.O. Box 10743, Atlanta, GA 30310. in the following terms: just on the Fourth of July in Philadel­ P.O. Box 1992, Baltimore, MD 21203. The Revolutionary Student Brigade is a phia. The Maoist Communists, who fol­ P.O. Box 12109, Philadelphia., PA 19105. low the teaching of Marx, Lenin, Stalin, P.O. Box 3203, Reading, PA 19604. national communist student organization, P.O. Box 2722, Trenton, NJ 08607. the student group of the Revolutionary and Mao, and who owe their allegiance P.O. Box 2253, New York, NY 10001. Communist Party, USA. Our goal is to build to Peking, pose a continuing threat to P.O. Box 1183, Rochester, NY 14603. a revolutionary movement among students our internal security. P.O. Box 890, Ellicott Station, Buffalo, NY and young people, one that will unite thou­ I urge my colleagues to call upon the 14205. sands in the struggle to bring down this rot­ chairman of the Judiciary Committee to P.O. Box 9165, Providence, RI 02940. ten system of capitalism and replace it With fulfill his responsibility in the internal P.O. Box 427, Dorchester, MA 02122 a new society-socialism, the rule of the working class. security area and assign investigatory (Boston area). staff to this problem. The RCP has continued to publish the The REB was founded as the Attica monthly Revolution, formerly described Brigade by campus revolutionaries in on its masthead as the "national news­ New York City in 1972. The Attica paper of the Revolutionary Union, a na­ Brigade was named after the rioters at YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY tional Communist organization," but the Attica Prison in New York, and from LffiRARY NAMED FOR THE LATE now characterized as the "Organ of the its founding attracted violence-prone WILLIAM F. MAAG, JR. Central Committee of the Revolutionary revolutionaries who initiated violent con­ Communist Party, U.S.A." Revolution is frontations with police on the Streets of distributed for a. $4 yearly subscription New York and in Washington, D.C. HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY from RCP Publications, P.O. Box 3486, The Attica Brigade was infiltrated and OF OHIO Merchandise Mart, Chicago, Til. 60654. captured by the Revolutionary Union, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which adopted it as its official student The RCPUSA publishes the Worker in Wednesday, April 28, 1976 many local editions. The various Worker group. Under strict Maoist discipline, the editions were previously called On the RSB has maintained its proclivity for Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ Line, The People's Voice, and so on. violence, in much the same tradition as day, April 24, 1976, Youngstown State The RCP openly states that the Worker the Chinese red guards. University dedicated its beautiful new is its "local paper"; and each edition con­ The RSB publishes a newspaper, Fight $6 million library building to the late tains the following masthead statement: Back, from P.O. Box A3423, Chicago, Dl. William F. Maag, Jr. Mr. Maag was the This paper exists to build the struggle of 60690-nine issues a year. editor and publisher of the Youngstown the working class against the capitalist sys­ In recent months, the Revolutionary Vindicator newspaper for many years. tem of exploitation and oppression. It puts Student Brigade has been involved in vio­ In addition to his duties at the Vin­ forward the political line of the Revolu­ lent demonstrations at the New Jersey dicator, Mr. Maag devoted a good part of tionary Communist Party, USA on the major State capitol in Trenton and at the New his life to the development of Youngs­ questions and struggles facing the workers. York State capitol in Albany. town State University, particularly the The Worker for the [local area] Is one of On February 19, 1976, the RSB cadre university library. The late Mr. Maag many such papers across the country. The staffs of these papers are made up of mem­ took advantage of a demonstration of was a humanist in the best sense of the bers and supporters of the RCP, USA. some 5,000 students and teachers in word. He loved people, he loved animals, Trenton who were protesting tuition and he loved the knowledge derived from Among the many local editions of the raises and cuts in State college em­ books. Worker are: ployees. The RSB claims chapters on The new Maag Library will contain a . 11736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 28, 1976 large collection of books, including a books, par excellence. A humanist in the rabbi of Rodef Sholom Temple, the benedic­ special rare book collection, to enrich the classic sense, his love of learning, yes of book, tion. Bishop Burt was introduced by Dr. minds of some 14,200 students enrolled learning, was profound." Joseph R. Lucas, professor of philosophy and Bishop Burt recalled Mr. Ma.ag's yeat·s at religious studies at YSU. at Youngstown State University. Harvard University, where he came under the During the dedication ceremony, a influence of the great Irving Babbitt, ~md magnificent life-size oil painting of the how that influence carried through into his entire life. late Mr. William F. Maag, Jr., was un­ LET'S SPEAK UP FOR AMERICA veiled. A gift of the Maag family, the "From that early university pursuit in lib­ portrait will hang inside the library's eral arts, his sensitivity and fondness for the main entrance. The Right Reverend natural world was also deepened, his abhor­ HON. GENE TAYLOR rence of things wasteful or extravagant John Harris Burt, bishop of the Episco­ heightened, his insight into human needs OF MISSOURI pal diocese of Ohio, delivered an inspira­ sharpened, his religious sensitivity kindled," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional address about the life and work of Bishop Burt said. Wednesday, April 28, 1976 "William F. Maag, Jr. "In this world of rapid change and wide­ Mr. Speaker, the late William F. Maag, spread doubt and instability, it is all too easy Mr. TAYLOR of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, Jr., was the opinion leader of the Mahon­ for socie·ty and even a. city to forget such rare I am more than happy today to include in ing Valley for several decades, until his giants as William F. Maag and the spirit that the RECORD an essay by Mr. Rick VanPelt death in 1968. The new Youngstown molded him. But, by placing his name on a senior at Webb City High School in this library, perhaps we have made it pos- State University Library, named in his sible for student generations in futm·e years Missouri. It is entitled "Let's Speak Up honor, is a fitting tribute to the memory to remember him and, more importantly, to for America on Her 200th Birthday." of this great man. remember the influences that shaped him," Rick's presentation of this fine work won At this time, I would like to insert in Bishop Burt said. him first place in his school's Bicenten- the RECORD an account of the Maag Li­ FOUGHT FoR causEs nial oratorical content as well as first brary dedication ceremony which ap­ He reviewed many of the causes, some un- place in Jasper County, Mo., Bicen­ peared on the front page of the Vindi­ popular in years past, Mr. Maag _espoused tennial event. cator on Sunday, Apri125: for the good of the community saying that I think this essay is remarkable be­ YSU BUILDING HONORD VINDICATOR PuB­ those concerned for moral values could learn cause in a day when we hear so much LISHER-MAAG LmRARY DEDICATED TO "RARE much from his campaigns. about what is wrong with America, this GIANT" "Those willing to probe deeper into his young man dares to say what is right •·rt is appropriate that here on Wick Ave­ life," Bishop Burt said, "will be touched by with our country. In a very real sense he his love for children, his fondness for flowers, nue, in the most pivotal spot on Youngstown his passion to assm·e sanctuary for birds and is making news. He realizes that after a State University land, this handsome bUilding to protect other forms of wildlife, making steady diet of bad news, we have reached has been raised up and named in honor of him a forerunner of much in the current the point where bad news is no news and one of the most pivotal and remarkable per­ sonalities who ever lived and served in this ecological movement. good news is real news. community." "Man of the past that he was, he was at I commend Rick for his good work. I With these words Saturday, the Rt. Rev. once also a man ahead of his time." am certain that his parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Harris Burt, bishop of the Episcopal IMMORTALIZED BY DEEDS Fred VanPelt, are justly proud. Diocese of Ohio, dedicated the $6 million · Bishop Burt recalled his sermon at Mr. It is indeed time somebody spoke UP William F. Maag Jr. Library of YSU. It is Ma.ag's funeral, in 1968, when he hazarded a for America, and so I commend this essay named for the late William F. Maag Jr., edi­ guess. "I ventured to guess, not knowing for your reading: tor and publisher of The Vindicator, who de· that one day we WOUld be dedicating this LET'S SPEAK UP FOR AMERICA ON HER 20CTH voted his adult life to the university and de­ library to him, that the immortality that he BIRTHDAY velopment of its library. would have valued most would be that found OIL PORTRAIT UNVEILED in the deeds and vision his life would inspire "Give me liberty or give me death !"-Pat- in others and in the proof that we would be rick Henry. Several hundred persons attended the ded­ faithful to the spirit he sought to infuse "Equal rights for all ... special privileges ication on the sixth floor of the new facility into the life of this city and nation." for none."-Thomas Jefferson. and watched the formal presentation of the Mrs. Isroff and William J. Brown, publisher "I was born an American; I will live an building to the university and the unveiling of The Vindicator and nephew of Mr. Maa.g, American; I shall die an American."-Daniel of an oil portrait of Mr. Maag, which wia unveiled the portrait. Brown said it was a Webster. hang inside the library's main entrance. It happy occasion for the family and expressed "And that Government of the people, by the is the gift of Mr. Maag's family. their appreciation for the honor. people, for the people, shall not perish from Bishop Burt's dedicatory address followed Mrs. Isroff said, "Marshall McCluen wrote the earth."-Abraham Lincoln. the welcome from Dr. John J. Coffelt, YSO that the medium is the message. The printed "All we have to fear is fear itself."-Frank- president, who expressed the gratitude of the word served as Mr. Maag's primary medium. lin Roosevelt. community to the area's legislators, who we, of the board of trustees of YSU, hope "And so my fellow Americans: Ask not made possible not only the library but other that this library, literally filled with tnillions what your country can do for you-ask what new facilities of the growing state university. of printed words, will stand as the tangible you can do for your country."-John F. Ken­ Dr. Coffelt also paid tribute to his prede­ inspiration of Mr. Maa.g's message to the nedy. cessors, Dr. Howard W. Jones, president from present and future students of this uni- Can you think of any American today who versity and to all citizens of the Mahoning would dare to stand up and speak such noble, 1921 to 1966, and Dr. Albert Pugsley, presi­ Valley." courageous words about America? dent from 1966 to 1973. Dr. Jones attended Oh, but, I'm sure you have heard that the ceremonies. Richard J. Owen, university librarian, an- America. is just , , square miles of lit­ nounced that a special rare book collection 3 615 122 PRESENTED BY BUCHANAN, SMITH room is being enlarged and refurbished as a tered concrete, polluted water, slmns, short- The building was formerly presented by ages, crime and crisis. architects C. Robert Buchanan and George gift to the university by Brown, his sister, In our time there are those short sighted T. Smith to William J. Lyden of the YSU Miss Elizabeth M. Brown, and The Vindi- pessimists who are snared in what President board of trustees' building and property com­ cator. Ford has called a destructive kind of feeling. mittee. Others speaking briefly were State Sen. The President said. "We're condemning our­ Tho~a.s E. Carney, Mayor Ja~k C. Hunter and selves too much. we should be doing just the Mrs. Leonard J. Isroff, president of trustees, Wilham E. Brown, Jr., pres1dent of Student- opposite." accepted the building, saying, "This key will Government. James Carey, Washington Bureau Chief for do much more than open the door of this The student leader said. "Youngstown and the Copley News Service, reported that the magnificent building. It will also open minds the Mahoning Valley have many industrial repeated use of negatives-such as recession, to the history of the past, to the realities complexes and thriving businesses. Yet on slowdown, rollback, shortages, and unemploy­ of the present and to the dreams of the fu­ this 70-a.cre site on top of the hill, Youngs- ment can eventually influence and help bring ture." town produces one of its mos-t important on the very conditions the words describe. It Bishop Burt, a former rector of St. John's products of the future-the thinking, crea- woUld be logical to assume that the constaut Episcopal Church here, said, "Those of us tive minds of YSU students. On behalf ot repetition of positive words-boom, pros­ who had the privilege of knowing William those students, I thank you for this magnif- perity, and abundance would turn this con­ F. Ma.a.g Jr. can guess with a good deal of icent building, the core of the university and dition around and produce the opposite accuracy that he would look with pleasure the catalyst for a better Mahoning Valley." results. on what we are doing here today in his name. The Most Rev. James W. Malone, bishop of The negative, pessimistic, critical view of "For, of all the citizens who helped to the Catholic Diocese of Youngstown, offered America taken by so many newspapers, mag­ shape this community, he .was a lover of the invocation and Dr. Sidney M. Berkowitz, a.zines, and television seem to have shaken Apr·il 28, 19t6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11737 our faith in our institutions, our nation, and BLIND STUDENT AT TEMPLE UNI­ Hartman says that some people to whom even ourselves. VERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL he reveals his calling conjure up visions of But, do Americans really think that things carnage in the operating room-which would are lousy? Or is it because they are given a seem to reflect a belief that anyone who is bum steer by a media who live by one rule: HON. JOSHUA EILBERG blind would have to be some sort of magician Good news is no news! Who speaks for the OF PENNSYLVANIA or superman to keep up. But Hartman, as he broad everyday march of American humanity himself insists, is no genius. He is, however, striving toward a higher standard of living IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well organized, realistic, determined, and in­ and a better way of life? Let's speak up for Wednesday, April 28, 1976 telligent. He has a kind and thoughtful pres­ America. on her 200th Birthday. ence, quite doctorly, and an appealing First, let's speak up for education in Amer­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, 98 years chuckle that gives one the impression he ica. While the press dwelt on how our in­ ago Robert H. Babcock, who was blind, feels secure in his control over his life. stitutions weren't working, college em·on­ was admitted to the Chicago Medical He has a fairly well developed philoso­ ment in 1960 was more than 3 Y2 million, and College. He graduated and later wrote phy, one of the major tenets of which is by 1973 it had reached 8.6 million, and it is books about heart and lung diseases. that everyone is handicapped in some way, estimated to exceed 10 million by 1980. Fur­ That was the last time an American usually less obviously so but often no less. thermore, about 60% of todays college stu­ medical school took the chance and ad­ Think, for example, "of a guy who just dents come from families in which the head mitted a qualified applicant who hap­ can't relate to peoplo going into psychiatry." of the household never completed one year Hartman emphasizes that his career really of college. Among the blacks the figure goes pened to be blind until the Temple Uni­ is a team effort, starting with a family de­ to 80%. Indeed, in the 60's while people versity School of Medicine, in Philadel­ termined to foster his independence and keep complained that the Great Society Programs phia, agreed to accept David Hartman his horizons open. His teachers at college weren't working, we built a new junior col­ as the 181st student in a freshman class fully supported his ambitions. He is now lege every 11 days for decade! which normally numbers 180. teamed up with his wife Sheryl, whom he Let's speak up about the income Americans In the 2 years since Hartman was ad­ married in 1973 and who plans a teaching have to spend. While the daily television news mitted he has shown the correctness career once she gets her doctorate in educa­ kept us informed about the devaluation of of that decision and his story is a tribute tional psychology. the dollar and the downward trend of the to an individual with great personal Hartman was born in Havertown, Pennsyl­ stock market, real family income, even after strength and character and to the fac­ vania, with congenitally deformed lenses. At inflation, has doubled in a generation. the age of 8, what with added complications Americans spend their money predominate­ ulty and administrators who we1·e will­ of glaucoma and detached retinas, he became ly for food, education, housing, health, and ing to do what no othe1· medical school totally blind. He spent 5 years in a school for recreation; and they live in homes that are in the country had attempted for almost the blind and then went on to Haverford the envy of men all over the world. a century. High School and Gettysburg College,where-­ his determination to go into medicine al­ Let's hear some praise for the more than At this time I enter into the RECORD a copy of an article from Science mag­ ready formed-he majored in biology. He 50 million Americans who are giving of their successfully completed the lab work, sub­ time for volunteer groups like Vista, Ace, and azine about Hartman and his experience stituting touch for sight, and graduated The National Center for a Voluntary Society. at Temple: with slightly less than an A average. "He One New York official predicts that the 1970's [From Science magazine, Mar. 26, 1976] achieved the impossible at Gettysburg," says will be 1·emembered as the "Age of Volun­ Brigham, so it did not seem irrational to tarism." It 1s really a return to American BLIND MEDICAL STUDENT: OVERCOMING PRECONCEPTIONS give him the opportunity to continue doing tradition of everybody pitching in to help one so at Temple. another. David Hartman probably would have done very well for himself anyway, but, owing to Temple, as it turned out, was the only Let's speak up for the most generous people medical school where this attitude prevailed. in the world. Americans gave over $50 million a combination of circumstances, people, and his own character, he is emerging as perhaps Hartman, ever the thorough planner, started dollars to charitable causes last year. Though probing medical schools during his junior plagued by unemployment in the automobile a very significant individual. Hartman, 26, is the first blind person to year at college. He applied to ten of them industry, the Detroit area pledged a re~rd his senior year and was interviewed at Tem­ breaking 36.6 million dollars to its Umted have been admitted to an American medical ple, Pennsylvania Medical College, Harvard, Fund Campaign. school in almost a century. He is now a senior and Yale. The others said they really didn't And let's not forget some praise fol' the at Temple University School of Medicine in think it would be feasible to admit him, millions of church members who still be­ Philadelphia and Will graduate in May. He which hurt-"! felt my grade point averages lieve and teach our national motto, "In God has completed, with only minor deviations, and performance warranted at least an inter­ all the courses required of his sighted col­ view. They could have given me that cour­ We Trust." leagues. He plans to be a psychiatrist, with Let's speak up for all the people, 25 mil­ tesy." He was invited for an informal talk special emphasis on the physical and psy­ with a group of doctors at Yale, all of whom, lion to be exact, who have given of their chological rehabiltiation of handicapped time to make America's Bicentennial Cele­ he says, were very skeptical. "I walked out people. of there just ready to kill someone." others bration a time to believe that Americans can Doctors who continue their practice after who interviewed him g~·illed him extensively, cope with high inflation, with the energy becoming blind are not unknown; Hart­ particularly on how he planned to get shortage, or with political crisis. Hardships? man even knows of a couple who continued through histology (microscopic study of tis­ Sacrifices? Challenges? Yes, but the United their medical training after losing their sues) and anatomy. Hartman had all his States has endu1•ed the problems of a free sight. But starting from scratch without any answers ready: he was quite capable of learn­ democracy for 200 years and will continue vision 1s another matter, and there are few ing enough anatomy and he didn't, after to do so in the future. medical schools that will even consider all plan to be a· surgeon; as for histology, he letting in such a student. The last time it In his book, The Real America, Ben J. Wat­ made the case that a conceptual grasp of happened was reportedly in 1878, when the field was adequate for his purposes. tenberg, concludes that while hand-wringers Robert H. Babcock entered Chicago Medical have been deploring the sad state of America, Temple, according to medical school dean College. Babcock learned anatomy by touch Roger Sevey, took the added step of bringing we have become the first and only massive and went on to write books about heart and Hartman's application through the execu­ middle-class society in history, something 1ung diseases. tive faculty (its policymaking group) "to of a marvel in itself. And who do you sup­ While Hartman's success has helped frac­ make sure the faculty was committed to pose 1s the hero of this fascinating book? ture some preconceptions about the limita­ seeing this young man through." Once com­ The President? No. The Congress? No. The tions of the blind, it by no means presages mitted, the school decided to treat him as Diplomats? No. The American people-smart­ a deluge of blind entrants to medical school. much as possible according to prevailing er, wiser, calmer, shrewder, tougher, and "David is a unique person," says M. Prince standards; they theretore did not ellclt a more forgiving than their critics of the left Brigham, assistant dean for admissions at promise that he would stick to psychiatry. and of the right. Temple. "For every David Hartman there are Hartman, whose father 1s a banker, is pay­ Patrick? Daniel? Thomas? Abraham? I thousands [of talented blind people] who ing his own way, but Temple officials say he would find medical school so utterly and would have been eligible for financial aid hope you are listening. We're not too good maddeniugly frustrating" they would never with words, and we do have a lot of prob­ like any other student. He was accepted on an make it. "He has . • . ego strength-a self.; exper~ent!U basis, as number 181 in the lems, but, Gentlemen, after 200 years, I am awareness sufficient to allow him to with­ usual entering class of 180, which circum­ free, I am free to report that the American stand some of the disappointments he faces." vented any dispute over whether he was oc­ Dream stllllives. It all boils down, says Brigham, to his being cupying a place that might have gone to Happy Birthday America! "extremely mature." someone with a better chance of graduating. 11738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE April 29, 1976 Other than that, no special arrangements with are ear, eye, and mouth Inspections, and ment about the size of a small cassette ta.pe were made-Temple decided to play the skin rashes; for the latter he relies on the recorder that translates printed words, whole thing by ear. None of the regular cur­ patient's description. He laments the theft through a lighted sensor, into little upraised riculum requirements were waived, although ot a special blood pressure gauge which en­ brushes that give the sha.pe of each letter. he has been excused from such things as abled him to read pressure the same way he Hartman finds the Opticon of limited use x-ray reading. tells time on his watch-filpping up the because it is very slow going, but is thinking The first 2 years were harrowing, com­ cover and feeling the needle and raised about better applications for it-such as plete with the night sweats common to bumps for the numbers. Hartman feels com­ reading electrocardiograms. beginning medical students. Lab work has petent to handle most diagnostic problems After years of arduous work and planning required the development of various short­ since there is ''very seldom a single subtle and "wondering how crazy I really was" to cuts and considerable help from fellow stu­ abnormality" that blindness would prevent choose a medical career, the future is look· dents and professors. With gross anatomy, him from perceiving. "The unconscious pa~ ing pretty good. Hartman found "I could touch almost every­ tient is a problem," he concedes, since there Although Hartman sees himself as "pretty thing"-he eschewed the rubber gloves worn isn't much to work with and Inspection of much average in medical school" he 1s in by his classmates, so his probings were a race the pupils is important. the top 20 percent o! his class. Asked why to learn the necessary before his fingertips Hartman has had to overcome reservations it took so long for a blind student to be became numb from formaldehyde. Histology on the part of the cllnical faculty, says admitted to medical school, he attributes required some finessing-most of his learn­ Sevey-"a few on the clinical faculty have it partly to society's increased interest in ing was conceptual, but he learned the shape been unable to look beyond the fact of his opportunity for all, partly to the change of various nerve and cell formations with blindness to the person • . • but most, even in medical education that permits a person the aid of three-dimensional models and sim­ if lnitially skeptical, have become his advo­ to specia.llze early. Extensive knowledge ple diagrams his teachers embossed on trans­ cate." Beryl Lawn, an internist he has worked about everything is no longer required and parent paper with a ballpoint pen or stylus. with (and who, by the way, was trained at "they don't need that all-American com­ He closely follows others through lab work. Temple after an accident that rendered her pletely physically healthy individual." Tem­ Once in physiology lab, he was invited to feel paraplegic), says that patients, with a few ple also deserves considerable credit. It was the artery pulsating in the throat of an un­ exceptions, have no problems with Hartman. founded at the turn of the century with conscious dog with a tracheotomy. He didn't In fact, she says, "they remark particularly the aim of bringing a medical education to even have to see it for the experience to on his patience and empathy." Some don't the working man and others to whom it was make him pass out. But he subsequently at­ believe he is blind. For publlc appearances not usually available. Sevey says its admis­ tacked the problem by performing a trache­ he dons a pair of $900 plastic eye caps that sions committee is the hardest working com­ otomy himself. give him a direct and realistic gaze. Not all mittee at the school, and Beryl Lawn says HaVing once had sight, Hartman is able is sweetness and light, of course. Hartman the people there are exceptionally nice, mak­ to visualize a great deal, which gives him a says he asked one patient who struck him ing a special e:fl'ort "to take the whole person significant advantage over a person born as particularly depressed if anything could into account." Says Sheri Hartman, "If Tem­ blind. His main problem is time. The first be done to cheer him up. "Yeah. get lost," ple hadn't been willing to take the risk, he'd year was manageable, he says, but the second said the man. Hartman took this in stride, be just another blind person in psychology." was "unbelievable" because of the prodigious but the incident points up one overriding Hartman, who's always planning and has amount of reading required. Hartman's orig­ concern of the handicapped, particularly fallback positions for everything, has his inal techniques was to tape-record all his those who are blind or deaf, namely, How next 5 or 6 years tentatively mapped out. He lectures, play them over at home, and record do I stack up? Lacking visual reference points wants to do two residencies, one in re­ summaries of them, which he then filed away. that everyone else takes for granted, such hab111tative medicine, the other in psy­ Replaying and summarizing a 1-hour lecture a person must rely heavily on continuous chiatry. His plan is to do 1 year in the took about 2 hours. Finding himself swamp­ feedback from every available source. With former field ("I want to be sharp on physical ed, Hartman, with the assistance of Brigham, patients, there is always that uncomfortable diagnosis"), then take 2 or 3 years in psy­ developed the technique of whispering sum­ fear that he might not be doing them any chiatry and return to rehabllltatlon, the Idea maries of what was going on in lectures good, or that he is the only one benefitting being that you can't do rehabilitation in a rather than taping them all. He has also from the encounter. psychiatric residency, but you can apply switched to transforming his notes to Brame Hartman, who takes his exams orally, dic­ psychiatric tralnlng to a rehab111tation for easier accessib111ty. To get through his tating answers to a professor, has given con­ residency. So far he doesn't know much reading material he has relied on taped siderable thought to how he is evaluated. about psychiatry, having avoided it in the books--Recordings for the Blind has been Students who sco:fl' a.t grade systems prob­ interests of getting as much physical medi­ of invaluable help, having put two 2000-page ably haven't thought much about how im­ cine as possible under his belt. He hypothe­ textbooks, on anatomy and surgery, on tape portant it 1s for a handicapped person to sizes, though, that people who are ner­ for him-and on fellow students who spend feel his grades reflect both an appraisal of vous about psychiatrists might feel more many hours a wrek, sometimes refusing pay, him in relation to his capablllties and in relaxed with him because they won't feel reading to him and explaining diagrams. relation to the achievements of his peers. they are being psyched out at first glance. Hartman faced new kinds of challenges "You've got to know where you fit in." Too Hartman sees himself as working in a in his third year, which was devoted mainly much emphasis on the former makes the hospital setting but is also interested in grades meaningless in the real world; too doing family therapy (which he says is partic­ to slx 6-week cllnlcal rotations in psychiatry, ularly important for disabled people) and obstetrics and gynecology (where he helped much on the latter is unrealistic and unfair. dellver a baby), pediatrics (where he worried in Improving services for the poor. He is Hartman a.nd his Wife Uve in a small apart­ also interested in developing new techniques that he might drop a baby), general medi­ ment 1n Phlladelphla. He helps around the cine, and surgery. With the last he spent a !or evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. house and, despite all the work, they find His career will obViously include educa­ few hours a week assisting in the operating time to see friends and go to basketball a.nd tion of the nonhandicapped as well, whose room, and most of the time in pre- and ice hockey games together. She takes the ab111ty to relate to handicapped people is postoperative care. This year-"the only one ca.r to school and he takes the bus, moving often hampered by preconceptions about wbere I have felt confident of graduating"­ around with the aid of a collapsible white their limitations. Hartman believes that he has been devoted to more clinical rotations, cane. Sheri reads aloud for them both as could very possibly be an internist 1! he this time of his own selection, with the ex­ well as for him-currently they are plowing chose, and he thinks some way might even 1n ception of 3 weeks the emergency room. through The Cancer Ward. Hartman studies be found 1n the future for a blind person to Things worked out all right there too, since in a small den crowded with dozens of vol­ go into surgery. ''I don't think anybody most of the emergencies were medical rather umes of a Brallle medical dictionary and knows a blind or disabled person's limlta­ than surgical. Hartman 1s conftdent of his many stacks of tapes identified with Brame tions," says he. "There 1s no way a sighted a.b111ty to take histories and perform physical tabs. He has a. Bra1lle typewriter and an Opti­ person can tell me what I can or cannot examinations-the only things he needs help con, an expensive newly developed tnstru- do."-CONSTANCE HOLDEN,

SENATE-Thursday, April 29, 1976

The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon and Let us pray: citals of past failures and from the debil- was called to order by Bon. WmmZLL H. 0 Thou who art from everlasting to . itating memory of sins long forgiven. Fo1lD, a Senator from the State of everlasting, before whom the genera­ When the distant future 1s unclear give Kentucky. tions rise and pass away, amid all the us clarity for each day's endeavors and uncertainties of this age make us sure faith in the Lord of all history. Give us a. of Thee-our Creator, Redeemer, Guide, part in the moral and spiritual renewal PRAYER and Judge. Grant that we may now be of this age that the Republlc may remain The Chaplain. the Reverend Edward guided by Thy spirit and strengthened "one Nation under God" and bring light L. R. Elson. D.D., offered the following by Thy might. Make Us grateful for past and hea.llng and hope to all mankind. prayer: achievements. Spare us from craven re- In Thy holy name we pray. Amen.