RECOLLECTIONS OF 2004 .2, A STUDENT PROTESTER NO FORUM RIGHTS

BY WANG DEBANG CHINA

Wang Debang was a fourth-year student at quite a few people already in the hutong, each of them peering 25 Beijing Normal University who became caught out from where they half crouched along the wall near the entrance.A citizen motioned for me to hide my banner and up in the student protests in 1989. On the stay low. Just as I’d managed to conceal the banner, the troops night of June 3, having learned that soldiers appeared.The roar of a tank drowned out all other sounds. One had started killing protesters at Tiananmen, by one, squadrons of armed soldiers headed toward Tianan- STRAIGHT men Square, patrolling the streets as they advanced.At some Wang led a group of Beijing Normal students point a resident managed to climb up onto the tiled roof beside the hutong and was crouching at the south side of the toward the Square in hopes of preventing fur- RECORD house. He compulsively mumbled out the scene he was wit- ther bloodshed. Following is an edited nessing: “So many tanks, and cannons, too, it’s bad, several THE excerpt of Wang’s recollections, beginning at people over there have been hit, and the ones running away are the point where he climbed on top of a bus being chased. More gunshots, it’s over, two more have fallen . . . . those bandits, warlords, fascists. Even the Japanese invasion of SETTING parked at the junction of Xidan Avenue and Beijing wasn’t like this! Too cruel!”As he spoke his voice broke Y: Chang’an Avenue in order to get a better view into a sob of emotion.Then the muttering stopped, and I heard the sound of a tile being pried from the roof.As I turned my of what was happening, and to signal his HISTOR head toward the noise I saw the man raise his hand and throw classmates with a banner he was carrying.1 a piece of tile. Immediately there was the patter of bullets strik- ing nearby as a squadron of soldiers began firing their guns No more than ten minutes after I climbed on top of the bus, I into the entrance of the hutong. Fortunately the hutong was heard the bang of an explosion above my head. Before I could curved, so the bullets didn’t hit anyone. One soldier looked as even react to it, my eyes began to sting and swell shut. if he wanted to run inside, but someone stopped him, and the I think this must have been the tear gas that was subsequently squadron of soldiers left, cursing loudly.The man on the roof reported. I hurriedly lowered my banner and signaled for my flattened himself against the tiles, swearing furiously at the sol- classmates to disperse quickly, and at the same time began diers after they left. I thought, what good does it do to throw a groping my way down from the top of the bus.The young man piece of tile at a soldier fully armed with steel helmets and who had climbed up with me had disappeared. I crawled shields? Even if it struck him he would barely feel a twinge. down from the bus with great difficulty. Chang’an Avenue was You’re just blowing off steam because of what you saw. But I suddenly pitch dark. Of course, since I couldn’t open my eyes, saw no point in saying it out loud.When witnessing a mas- lights would have been of no use. But the complete darkness of sacre first-hand, what full-blooded person would not grind his Chang’an Avenue at this time was not caused by my sightless- teeth in rage? ness, but by an intentional blackout aimed at inciting panic and covering criminal activity. I felt my way through the Many people could not hold back their smoke to the south end of the wall along Chang’an Avenue. Having reached the wall, I had begun following it eastward tears as they carried the injured, and the when I heard the rumbling of a tank very close behind me.At hutong rang with sobs. the same time I felt an explosion near my feet on the muddy road, and as I forced my eyes open I saw a spark flash. I realized After about half an hour, the army had passed. I and the this was a percussion of a bullet, and anxiously hurried forward. others rushed out of the hutong. Still worried about Tianan- As I passed the entrance of a hutong, I heard a voice call to men, I hurried eastward. Before long I reached Liubukou, me, “Hurry, in here!” Following the voice, I found there were and at the top of the street in front of the Beijing Concert

Hall I was horrified to see several young people lying on the Hall at Liubukou.When I looked back for the young man who ground in pools of blood. One of them, a student with his had been following the tanks, he had disappeared. leg still bleeding heavily, was sitting up with his hand sup- It seemed impossible to reach Tiananmen from the south porting his upper body and painfully relating to onlookers end of Chang’an Avenue.After waiting for another squadron of what had just happened. He said that when the troops moved soldiers to pass, I proceeded with others heading eastward in, he ran towards a hutong, but some female students were from the edge of the Imperial City north of Chang’an Avenue. too slow and were held back by the soldiers. He and some When we had almost reached Xinhuamen,2 I saw people in others tried to rush out and save them, but in the process front being chased into retreat.The people heading eastward they were mowed down.As I looked at his agonized expres- were also turning back. I stopped in my tracks and watched a sion, I suddenly realized that we had to get him to the hospi- group of fully armed soldiers cross Chang’an Avenue near Xin- tal immediately and I shouted, “Take him to the hospital, huamen, and another squadron of soldiers firing their guns to quick!” Other onlookers also seemed to have suddenly awak- scare off anyone in the crowd who tried to draw closer.At the ened from a dream, and began to carry the wounded one by same time, I saw a couple of people among the retreating one. I bent down and lifted the young man who was speak- crowd fall down. Some soldiers hurried over and carried away ing onto my back. I heard him thank me over and over again, the fallen, but I couldn’t tell if they were dead or alive.Appar- but his voice seemed to get weaker and weaker. My heart was ently the route from Chang’an Avenue to Tiananmen was com- bleeding. Such a nice young fellow! Just because he protested pletely closed off. In fact I should have realized this earlier. on behalf of the people and fulfilled his responsibility to his How can a street’s south side be cordoned off while the north country, did he have to meet such an end? I carried him deep side is left open? In my impatience I had failed to think things inside a hutong behind the Concert Hall, where I saw quite a out carefully, and was relying on luck. few pedicabs already loaded with bleeding, wounded people. At this point I joined up with another group of people and I laid the young man on the back of one of them and told the headed north around Nanhai Lake from Liubukou with the driver to quickly take him to the hospital. Many people could naïve expectation that the detour would allow us to evade the not hold back their tears as they carried the injured, and the police cordon. By the time I reached Nanchizi,3 it was already hutong rang with sobs. dawn.The situation there was just as at Xinhuamen, with fully By the time I returned to the Concert Hall at Liubukou, the armed soldiers having already sealed off the route from Nanhai dozen or so injured people had all been sent to the hospital. Lake to Tiananmen.There was a cordon at a point 20–30 Now I saw quite a few people gathered and exclaiming around meters away from the soldiers that looked as if it was blocked a statue in front of the Concert Hall. I went forward to see what with something. Citizens purposefully gathered outside the had happened, and found that a large piece had been broken cordon. Everyone was eager to understand the situation at from one of the corners of the statue’s base. No ordinary gun Tiananmen. could have damaged such hard stone; it must have been some kind of heavy machine gun or a canon. (The base of the statue I saw a woman beside me struck by a sol- was still damaged when I returned to Beijing in 1993, but I found it mended when I went back in 1998.) dier and falling to the ground, after which Still thinking about the situation in Tiananmen Square, I she was fiercely assaulted. hesitated no longer and accompanied others walking eastward. But before long, another squadron of soldiers appeared behind As the sky grew brighter, more and more people gathered. us, and the street filled with tanks and armed soldiers escorting Everyone was engaged in discussion, exchanging news with a troop convoy.We had no time to hide, and ended up huddled each other and expressing their concern, and at the same time at the base of the south wall of Chang’an Avenue. I saw a young repeatedly insisting that the soldiers in front of them let them man supporting himself with a stick, dragging one of his legs, in.With their demands rebuffed, people’s concern over the sit- which was clearly still bleeding.Amazingly, he was following uation inside Tiananmen and the accumulated effect of various the troops along the street, cursing furiously and demanding, scenes of the massacre led temperatures to rise. Demands “Look here! Who did you kill? Those people are all your par- changed to interrogation, and interrogation to condemnation, ents and your brothers! Weren’t they just demanding what you and finally people furiously began shouting slogans: “Defeat need, too? How can the People’s Liberation Army kill the the fascists!”, “We protest the massacre of students and citi- people? Are your guns for suppressing the people? Are you zens!”, “Protest is not a crime!”Although everyone was sad human beings? If you have the guts, then shoot me again!” and furious, no one crossed or attacked the cordon.All the His firm and fearless demeanor and words deeply affected same, after a while I saw an officer leading a group of soldiers the crowd on the street. One man could hold back no longer suddenly appear out of the squadron and raise his gun and fire and shouted, “Defeat the fascists!”A chorus of voices followed it toward the sky.When there was no response from the crowd, like a wave.As the slogan rang out, I suddenly saw a squadron some armed soldiers began shooting at the feet of the people of soldiers rush out from the direction of the Great Hall of the outside of the cordon, and a group of soldiers carrying batons People, spraying the street with bullets and yelling.The crowd began to brandish them and strike people.The crowd immedi- on the street immediately swarmed in retreat to the west. I fol- ately dissolved into panic and scattered. 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HISTORY: SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT 27 CHINA RIGHTS FORUM NO.2, 2004